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Journal articles on the topic 'Activated chain end'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Lei, Fangyuan Zhou, Zhenjiang Li, et al. "Tunable hydantoin and base binary organocatalysts in ring-opening polymerizations." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 35 (2020): 5669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00812e.

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2

Kalafatis, M., MD Rand, RJ Jenny, YH Ehrlich, and KG Mann. "Phosphorylation of factor Va and factor VIIIa by activated platelets." Blood 81, no. 3 (1993): 704–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.3.704.704.

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Abstract Platelet activation leads to the incorporation of 32[PO4(2-)] into bovine coagulation factor Va and recombinant human factor VIII. In the presence of the soluble fraction from thrombin-activated platelets and (gamma-32P) adenosine triphosphate, radioactivity is incorporated exclusively into the M(r) = 94,000 heavy chain (H94) of factor Va and into the M(r) = 210,000 to 90,000 heavy chains as well into the M(r) = 80,000 light chain of factor VIII. Proteolysis of the purified phosphorylated M(r) = 94,000 factor Va heavy chain by activated protein C (APC) gave products of M(r) = 70,000,

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3

Kalafatis, M., MD Rand, RJ Jenny, YH Ehrlich, and KG Mann. "Phosphorylation of factor Va and factor VIIIa by activated platelets." Blood 81, no. 3 (1993): 704–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.3.704.bloodjournal813704.

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Platelet activation leads to the incorporation of 32[PO4(2-)] into bovine coagulation factor Va and recombinant human factor VIII. In the presence of the soluble fraction from thrombin-activated platelets and (gamma-32P) adenosine triphosphate, radioactivity is incorporated exclusively into the M(r) = 94,000 heavy chain (H94) of factor Va and into the M(r) = 210,000 to 90,000 heavy chains as well into the M(r) = 80,000 light chain of factor VIII. Proteolysis of the purified phosphorylated M(r) = 94,000 factor Va heavy chain by activated protein C (APC) gave products of M(r) = 70,000, 24,000, a

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4

Tokar, R., P. Kubisa, S. Penczek, and A. Dworak. "Cationic polymerization of glycidol: coexistence of the activated monomer and active chain end mechanism." Macromolecules 27, no. 2 (1994): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00080a002.

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5

Rasines Mazo, Alicia, Thi Nga Tran, Wenhao Zhang, et al. "Blue LED light-activated RAFT polymerization of PEG acrylate with high chain-end fidelity for efficient PEGylation." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 32 (2020): 5238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00838a.

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6

Lee, Wei-Lih, Michelle A. Kaiser, and John A. Cooper. "The offloading model for dynein function." Journal of Cell Biology 168, no. 2 (2005): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200407036.

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During mitosis in budding yeast, dynein moves the mitotic spindle into the mother-bud neck. We have proposed an offloading model to explain how dynein works. Dynein is targeted to the dynamic plus end of a cytoplasmic microtubule, offloads to the cortex, becomes anchored and activated, and then pulls on the microtubule. Here, we perform functional studies of dynein intermediate chain (IC) and light intermediate chain (LIC). IC/Pac11 and LIC/Dyn3 are both essential for dynein function, similar to the heavy chain (HC/Dyn1). IC and LIC are targeted to the distal plus ends of dynamic cytoplasmic m

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7

Bednarek, Melania, Przemysław Kubisa, and Stanisław Penczek. "Coexistence of Activated Monomer and Active Chain End Mechanisms in Cationic Copolymerization of Tetrahydrofuran with Ethylene Oxide." Macromolecules 32, no. 16 (1999): 5257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9900939.

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8

Delcroix, Damien, Blanca Martín-Vaca, Didier Bourissou, and Christophe Navarro. "Ring-Opening Polymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid: Activated Monomer versus Active Chain End Mechanisms." Macromolecules 43, no. 21 (2010): 8828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma101461y.

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9

McLaughlin, J. "Long-chain fatty acid sensing in the gastrointestinal tract." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 5 (2007): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351199.

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The gastrointestinal tract actively responds to the presence of nutrients in the lumen, and there is a high level of specificity to these responses. This specificity exists for different nutrient types and anatomical regions, with physiologically appropriate target end-organ responses. This review will journey from outlining the effects of dietary fat on digestive function and feeding behaviour to the evidence for lipid sensory cells, particularly the enteroendocrine system, in the epithelium. It will also outline potential molecular bases for these mechanisms. This will deal exclusively with

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10

Sangermano, Marco, Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen, and Yusuf Yagci. "Photoinitiated curing of mono- and bifunctional epoxides by combination of active chain end and activated monomer cationic polymerization methods." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, no. 21 (2007): 4914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22239.

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11

Gerislioglu, Selim, and Chrys Wesdemiotis. "Chain-end and backbone analysis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s using sequential electron transfer dissociation and collisionally activated dissociation." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 413 (February 2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2016.08.001.

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12

De Vos, Kurt, Fedor Severin, Franky Van Herreweghe, et al. "Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Hyperphosphorylation of Kinesin Light Chain and Inhibits Kinesin-Mediated Transport of Mitochondria." Journal of Cell Biology 149, no. 6 (2000): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.149.6.1207.

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The molecular motor kinesin is an ATPase that mediates plus end-directed transport of organelles along microtubules. Although the biochemical properties of kinesin are extensively studied, conclusive data on regulation of kinesin-mediated transport are largely lacking. Previously, we showed that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor induces perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor impairs kinesin motor activity and hyperphosphorylates kinesin light chain through activation of two putative kinesin light chain kinases. Inactivation of kinesin,

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13

Wang, Kangning, Di Wu, and Wenming Wu. "A New Self-Activated Micropumping Mechanism Capable of Continuous-Flow and Real-Time PCR Amplification Inside 3D Spiral Microreactor." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (2019): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100685.

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A self-activated micropump which is capable of stable velocity transport for a liquid to flow a given distance inside a 3D microchannel has been a dream of microfluidic scientists for a long time. A new self-activated pumping mechanism has been proposed in this paper. It is different from the authors’ previous research which relied on the fluid resistance of a quartz capillary tube or end-blocked gas-permeable silicone or a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wall to automate the flow. In this research, an end-open stretched Teflon tube was utilized for passive transport for the first time. A new flui

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14

Siddiqi, I., M. M. Stahl, and F. W. Stahl. "Heteroduplex chain polarity in recombination of phage lambda by the red, RecBCD, RecBC(D-) and RecF pathways." Genetics 128, no. 1 (1991): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.1.7.

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Abstract We have examined the chain polarity of heteroduplex DNA in unreplicated, bacteriophage lambda splice recombinants when recombination was by the RecBCD, RecBC(D-), or RecF pathway of Escherichia coli or the Red pathway of lambda. For each of these pathways, recombination is activated by the cutting of cos that accompanies chromosome packaging, and is effected by recombination enzymes acting at the right end created by that cutting. For exchanges occurring near cos, one parent makes a lesser physical and genetic contribution than does the other. For each pathway, when the phage carried

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15

Verduzco, L. E., Ana L. García-Pérez, Ramiro Guerrero-Santos, Antonio Ledezma-Pérez, Jorge Romero-García, and José R. Torres-Lubián. "Bioconjugation of papain with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone): NMR characterization and study of its enzymatic activity." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 99, no. 1 (2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2020-0181.

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A poly(vinylpyrrolidone) end-functionalized with a carboxylic acid group (PVP–CO2H) was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) polymerization mediated by 4-(O-ethylxanthyl)methyl benzoic acid. The molecular weight of the as-synthesized PVP–CO2H was estimated through UV–vis spectroscopy (Mn(UV–vis) = 7322 g/mol), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Mn(GPC) = 8670 g/mol), and 1H NMR, (Mn(NMR) = 8207 g/mol). The values obtained were close with the theoretical molecular weight (Mn(th) = 7925 g/mol). Sub

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16

Pagh, K., and G. Gerisch. "Monoclonal antibodies binding to the tail of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin: their effects on antiparallel and parallel assembly and actin-activated ATPase activity." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 4 (1986): 1527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.4.1527.

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Eight monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific sites on the tail of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin were tested for their effects on polymerization and ATPase activity. Two antibodies that bind close to the myosin heads inhibited actin activation of the ATPase either partially or completely, without having an effect on polymerization. Two other antibodies bind to sites within the distal portion of the tail that has been shown, by cleavage mapping, to be important for polymerization. One of these antibodies binds close to the sites of heavy chain phosphorylation which is known to regulate bo

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17

Choi, Seung Jun, and Jeffrey J. Widrick. "Calcium-activated force of human muscle fibers following a standardized eccentric contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 6 (2010): C1409—C1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2010.

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Peak Ca2+-activated specific force (force/fiber cross-sectional area) of human chemically skinned vastus lateralis muscle fiber segments was determined before and after a fixed-end contraction or an eccentric contraction of standardized magnitude (+0.25 optimal fiber length) and velocity (0.50 unloaded shortening velocity). Fiber myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content was assayed by SDS-PAGE. Posteccentric force deficit, a marker of damage, was similar for type I and IIa fibers but threefold greater for type IIa/IIx hybrid fibers. A fixed-end contraction had no significant effect on force. M

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18

Franco, Sonia, Michael M. Murphy, Gang Li, Tiffany Borjeson, Cristian Boboila, and Frederick W. Alt. "DNA-PKcs and Artemis function in the end-joining phase of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination." Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, no. 3 (2008): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080044.

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The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and Artemis are classical nonhomologous DNA end-joining (C-NHEJ) factors required for joining a subset of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), particularly those requiring end processing. In mature B cells, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class switch recombination (CSR) by introducing lesions into S regions upstream of two recombining CH exons, which are processed into DSBs and rejoined by C-NHEJ to complete CSR. The function of DNA-PKcs in CSR has been controversial with some reports but not others showing that DN

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19

Diwakara, Shashini D., Gregory T. McCandless, Sampath B. Alahakoon, and Ronald A. Smaldone. "Synthesis of Side-Chain-Free Hydrazone-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks through Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Activation." Organic Materials 03, no. 02 (2021): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1477-5123.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) activation provides milder conditions to process covalent organic frameworks (COFs) without compromising their crystallinity and porosity. To this end, three hydrazone COFs (TFPB-DHz COF, TFPT-DHz COF, Py-DHz COF) were synthesized with a terephthaloyl dihydrazide linker (DHz) which has no substituents. To date, the synthesis of hydrazone COFs without a narrow range of alkoxy linkers has not been possible. The scCO2-activated hydrazone-linked COFs in this study were crystalline and had high surface areas (surface areas of TFPB-DHz COF, TFPT-DHz COF, and Py-D

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20

Spannagl, M., G. Dooijewaard, W. Dietrich, and C. Kluft. "Protection of Single-chain Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (scu-PA) in Aprotinin Treated Cardiac Surgical Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 73, no. 05 (1995): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1653875.

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SummaryIntraoperative high-dose aprotinin administration has been shown to reduce the intra-and postoperative blood loss in cardiac surgery. The haemostatic effect has been attributed to platelet preserving properties and to inhibition of contact activation reducing thrombotic and fibrinolytic activity during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Here we report on the effects of aprotinin on urokinase-type plasminogen activator, especially on the protection of the zymogen singlechain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA). scu-PA occurs cell associated as well as free in the circulatio

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21

Takeyama, Masahiro, Hironao Wakabayashi, and Philip Fay. "Contribution of factor VIII light-chain residues 2007–2016 to an activated protein C-interactive site." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 109, no. 02 (2013): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-08-0561.

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SummaryAlthough factor (F) VIIIa is inactivated by activated protein C (APC) through cleavages in the FVIII heavy chain-derived A1 (Arg336) and A2 subunits (Arg562), the FVIII light chain (LC) contributes to catalysis by binding the enzyme. ELISA-based binding assays showed that FVIII and FVIII LC bound to immobilised active site-modified APC (DEGRAPC) (apparent K d ~270 nM and 1.0 μM, respectively). Fluid-phase binding studies using fluorescence indicated an estimated K d of ~590 nM for acrylodan-labelled LC binding to DEGR-APC. Furthermore, FVIII LC effectively competed with FVIIIa in blocki

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22

Minie, M. E., and M. E. Koshland. "Accessibility of the promoter sequence in the J-chain gene is regulated by chromatin changes during B-cell differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 11 (1986): 4031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.11.4031.

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The gene for the immunoglobulin M (IgM)-polymerizing protein, the J chain, is activated when the mature B cell is triggered to secrete pentamer IgM. Activation of the gene was found to be associated with chromatin changes in a 240-base-pair region at the 5' end of the gene. Analyses of lymphoid lines showed that the 5' region was resistant to nuclease digestion at the immature B-cell stage; it became slightly more accessible in mature B cells and cells at an early stage in the IgM response and then displayed an open, hypersensitive structure in IgM-secreting cells. In addition, analyses of nor

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23

Minie, M. E., and M. E. Koshland. "Accessibility of the promoter sequence in the J-chain gene is regulated by chromatin changes during B-cell differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 11 (1986): 4031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.11.4031-4038.1986.

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The gene for the immunoglobulin M (IgM)-polymerizing protein, the J chain, is activated when the mature B cell is triggered to secrete pentamer IgM. Activation of the gene was found to be associated with chromatin changes in a 240-base-pair region at the 5' end of the gene. Analyses of lymphoid lines showed that the 5' region was resistant to nuclease digestion at the immature B-cell stage; it became slightly more accessible in mature B cells and cells at an early stage in the IgM response and then displayed an open, hypersensitive structure in IgM-secreting cells. In addition, analyses of nor

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24

Fillmore, Natasha, Daniel L. Jacobs, David B. Mills, William W. Winder, and Chad R. Hancock. "Chronic AMP-activated protein kinase activation and a high-fat diet have an additive effect on mitochondria in rat skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 2 (2010): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00126.2010.

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Factors that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle include AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium, and circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). Chronic treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), a chemical activator of AMPK, or increasing circulating FFAs with a high-fat diet increases mitochondria in rat skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of chronic chemical activation of AMPK and high-fat feeding would have an additive effect on skeletal muscle mitochondria levels. We treated Wistar male rats with

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25

Xu, Jinbao, Yang Chen, Wenhao Xiao, et al. "Studying the Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,5-Dioxepan-2-one with Organocatalysts." Polymers 11, no. 10 (2019): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101642.

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Three different organocatalysts, namely, 1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris (dimethylamino) phosphoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene) (t-BuP4), 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), have been used as 1,5-dioxepan-2-one (DXO) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) catalysts at varied reaction conditions. 1H NMR spectra, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) characterizations, and kinetic studies prove that the (co)polymerizations are proceeded in a controlled manner with the three organocatalysts. It is deduced that t-BuP4 a

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26

Monasky, Michelle M., Domenico M. Taglieri, Bindiya G. Patel, et al. "p21-activated kinase improves cardiac contractility during ischemia-reperfusion concomitant with changes in troponin-T and myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 302, no. 1 (2012): H224—H230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2011.

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p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) is a serine/threonine kinase that activates protein phosphatase 2a, resulting in the dephosphorylation of cardiac proteins and increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Emerging evidence indirectly indicates a role for Pak1 in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), but direct evidence is lacking. We hypothesize that activation of the Pak1 signaling pathway is a cardioprotective mechanism that prevents or reverses the detrimental effects of ischemic injury by inducing posttranslational modifications in myofilament proteins that ultimately improve cardiac contractility following

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27

Ridner, Gabriela, Reut Bartoov-Shifman, Tatyana Zalogin, et al. "Regulation of the GPR40 locus: towards a molecular understanding." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 3 (2008): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360360.

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GPR40 {FFAR1 [non-esterified (‘free’) fatty acid receptor 1]} is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed preferentially in pancreatic β-cells. GPR40 functions as a receptor for medium and long-chain fatty acids, and has been implicated in mediating both physiological and pathological effects of fatty acids on β-cells. The GPR40 gene is encoded at an interesting chromosomal locus that contains several genes: at the 5′-end of the locus, located ∼4 kb upstream of GPR40, is CD22, a gene encoding a receptor expressed selectively in lymphocytes and involved in B-lymphocyte maturation and function. At

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28

Peerschke, EI, CW Francis, and VJ Marder. "Fibrinogen binding to human blood platelets: effect of gamma chain carboxyterminal structure and length." Blood 67, no. 2 (1986): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.2.385.385.

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Abstract Recent evidence suggests that fibrinogen binding to platelets is mediated by the 12 carboxyterminal amino acid residues of the gamma chain. Because human plasma fibrinogen gamma chains differ in mol wt and carboxyterminal amino acid sequence, we examined the effect of such gamma chain heterogeneity on platelet-fibrinogen interactions, using two fibrinogens of distinct composition, separated by ion exchange chromatography. One fibrinogen possessed only gamma chains of mol wt 50,000 (F gamma 50), the predominant gamma chain species found in plasma. The other fibrinogen possessed equal a

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29

Peerschke, EI, CW Francis, and VJ Marder. "Fibrinogen binding to human blood platelets: effect of gamma chain carboxyterminal structure and length." Blood 67, no. 2 (1986): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.2.385.bloodjournal672385.

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Recent evidence suggests that fibrinogen binding to platelets is mediated by the 12 carboxyterminal amino acid residues of the gamma chain. Because human plasma fibrinogen gamma chains differ in mol wt and carboxyterminal amino acid sequence, we examined the effect of such gamma chain heterogeneity on platelet-fibrinogen interactions, using two fibrinogens of distinct composition, separated by ion exchange chromatography. One fibrinogen possessed only gamma chains of mol wt 50,000 (F gamma 50), the predominant gamma chain species found in plasma. The other fibrinogen possessed equal amounts of

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30

Undas, Anetta, Kathleen Brummel, Jacek Musial, Kenneth G. Mann, and Andrew Szczeklik. "Blood coagulation at the site of microvascular injury: effects of low-dose aspirin." Blood 98, no. 8 (2001): 2423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.8.2423.

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Abstract The sequence of coagulant reactions in vivo following vascular injury is poorly characterized. Using quantitative immunoassays, the time courses were evaluated for activation of prothrombin, factor (F)V, FXIII, fibrinogen (Fbg) cleavage, and FVa inactivation in bleeding-time blood collected at 30-second intervals from 12 healthy subjects both before and after aspirin ingestion. Prothrombin decreased at a maximum rate of 14.2 ± 0.6 nM per second to 10% of initial values at the end of bleeding. Significant amounts of α-thrombin B chain appeared rapidly at 90 seconds of bleeding and incr

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31

Zou, Haiming, Xiwu Lu, and Saad Abualhail. "Characterization of Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal Microorganisms in a Novel Two-Sludge Process by Combining Chemical with Microbial Analysis." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/360503.

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The present work focuses on the investigation of denitrifying phosphorus removal organisms (DPB) in a novel two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process by combining chemical with microbial analysis. When the two-sludge process operated stably over one year, good phosphorus (P) release and P uptake performance of activated sludge samples collected from this process were present in anaerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, via batch test, showing that the ratio of P release specific rate to P uptake specific rate was 1.31. The analysis of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) showed t

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32

Nierodzik, Mary Lynn, Kui Chen, Kenichi Takeshita, et al. "Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR-1) Is Required and Rate-Limiting for Thrombin-Enhanced Experimental Pulmonary Metastasis." Blood 92, no. 10 (1998): 3694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.10.3694.

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Abstract Thrombin-treated tumor cells induce a metastatic phenotype in experimental pulmonary murine metastasis. Thrombin binds to a unique protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) that requires N-terminal proteolytic cleavage for activation by its tethered end. A 14-mer thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP) of the tethered end induces the same cellular changes as thrombin. Four murine tumor cells (Lewis lung, CT26 colon CA, B16F10 melanoma, and CCL163 fibroblasts) contain PAR-1, as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B16F10 cells did not contain the two othe

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33

Nierodzik, Mary Lynn, Kui Chen, Kenichi Takeshita, et al. "Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR-1) Is Required and Rate-Limiting for Thrombin-Enhanced Experimental Pulmonary Metastasis." Blood 92, no. 10 (1998): 3694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.10.3694.422k40_3694_3700.

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Thrombin-treated tumor cells induce a metastatic phenotype in experimental pulmonary murine metastasis. Thrombin binds to a unique protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) that requires N-terminal proteolytic cleavage for activation by its tethered end. A 14-mer thrombin receptor activation peptide (TRAP) of the tethered end induces the same cellular changes as thrombin. Four murine tumor cells (Lewis lung, CT26 colon CA, B16F10 melanoma, and CCL163 fibroblasts) contain PAR-1, as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B16F10 cells did not contain the two other thrombi

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34

Hudecz, Ferenc, and Mária Szekerke. "Synthesis of new branched polypeptides with poly(lysine)back bone." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 1 (1985): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850103.

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New analogues of branched polypeptides were synthesised for a further, more detailed study of the influence of the side chain terminating amino acids, particularly the hydrophobic character, configuration and the number of these amino acids, on the conformation and biological properties of the polymers. The following amino acids were coupled to poly(L-Lys-(DL-Alam)) in suitably protected and activated forms to study the above mentioned aspects: L-Nlc, L-Ile, L-Val, L-Phe, D-Phe, D-Leu, D-Tyr, D-His, L-Glu, D-Glu, L-Lys, D-Lys and additionally the L-Glu-L-Glu, D-Glu-D-Glu, L-Lys-L-Lys and D-Lys

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35

Pan, H. L., Z. B. Zeisse, and J. C. Longhurst. "Role of summation of afferent input in cardiovascular reflexes from splanchnic nerve stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270, no. 3 (1996): H849—H856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.3.h849.

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Stimulation of abdominal sympathetic visceral afferents reflexly excites the cardiovascular system. The present study examined the role of summation of afferent input in this reflex. Single-unit activity of A delta- and C-fiber afferents was recorded from the right thoracic sympathetic chain in anesthetized cats to determine the relationship between intensities of electrical stimulation and the types of nerve fibers within the right greater splanchnic nerve. The differential effect of cooling on A delta- and C-fiber axons in the sympathetic chain also was examined by recording single-unit affe

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36

Kelley, Christine A., and Robert S. Adelstein. "Characterization of isoform diversity in smooth muscle myosin heavy chains." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 11 (1994): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-195.

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In this paper we review some of our recent work on the structural and biochemical characterization of isoforms of the heavy chain of vertebrate smooth muscle myosin II. There exist both amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal alternatively spliced isoforms of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC). mRNA splicing at the 3′ end generates two MHCs, which differ in length and amino acid sequence in the carboxyl terminus. We will refer to the longer, 204-kDa isoform as MHC204 and the shorter, 200-kDa isoform as MHC200. We found that MHC204, but not MHC200, can be phosphorylated by casein kinase II

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Iemitsu, Motoyuki, Nobutake Shimojo, Seiji Maeda, et al. "The benefit of medium-chain triglyceride therapy on the cardiac function of SHRs is associated with a reversal of metabolic and signaling alterations." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 1 (2008): H136—H144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01417.2006.

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The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a model of cardiomyopathy that displays a genetic defect in cardiac fatty acid (FA) translocase/CD36, a plasma membrane long-chain FA transporter. Therapy with medium-chain FAs, which do not require CD36-facilitated transport, has been shown to improve cardiac function and hypertrophy in SHRs despite persistent hypertension. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to document the impact of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) therapy in SHRs on the expression level and activity of metabolic enzymes and

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Liu, Xuesong, Yansong Guo, Yuxue Yang, et al. "DRD4 (Dopamine D4 Receptor) Mitigate Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via Decreasing P38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/NOX4 (NADPH Oxidase 4) Axis–Associated Oxidative Stress." Hypertension 78, no. 2 (2021): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16738.

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Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). DRD4 (dopamine D4 receptor) is involved in oxidative stress. Here, we reasoned that DRD4 may mitigate AAA by its antioxidative effect. Currently, in vivo, DRD4 expression was reduced in AAA patients and experimental models determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in elastase perfused aorta from Drd4 −/− mice compared with elastase perfused wild-type ( WT ) aorta determined by dihydroethidium staining and malondialdehyde, accompanyi

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Wautier, Jean-Luc, and Marie-Paule Wautier. "Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Blood Cell–Endothelium Interactions in Vascular Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (2020): 5315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155315.

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In physiology and pathophysiology the molecules involved in blood cell–blood cell and blood cell–endothelium interactions have been identified. Platelet aggregation and adhesion to the walls belonging to vessels involve glycoproteins (GP), GP llb and GP llla and the GP Ib–IX–V complex. Red blood cells (RBCs) in normal situations have little interaction with the endothelium. Abnormal adhesion of RBCs was first observed in sickle cell anemia involving vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, α4β1, Lu/BCAM, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-4. More recently RBC adhesion was found to be

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Iyengar, Revathi, Maria Faure-Betancourt, Saleh Talukdar, Jinting Ye, and Abel Navarro. "Optimizing Spacer Length for Positioning Functional Groups in Bio-Waste." Environments 5, no. 9 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5090100.

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The goal of this study was to determine the optimal chain length needed for tethering functional groups on bio-wastes. The purpose of modifying the surface of bio-waste is to improve their affinity for phenols. To this end, four different aminated green tea leaves, with the amine group located at the end of 6, 8, 10, and 12 carbons were synthesized. Green approaches to functionalization lead to fewer reactive sites. Optimizing spacer length is one way to ameliorate this. The aminated tea leaves were prepared by a tosylation reaction followed by displacement with a diamine used in excess. The t

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Vuree, Sugunakar, Anuradha Cingeetham, Dunna Nageswara Rao, et al. "Genetic Variants of ATM & Non-Homologous End Joining Pathway Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A South India Case-Control Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127860.

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Purpose of the study: Deregulated DNA repair is one of the hallmarks of cancers including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), as it results in genomic instability. ATM gene functions as a sensor, activates cascade of events leading to stimulation of multiple DNA damage- responsive signaling pathways. Principal DNA repair mechanism activated in the hematopoietic stem cells is the Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway. However, this pathway was shown to be error prone. Functional SNPs in the genes involved in DNA repair might influence the gene expression leading to altered DNA repair which might

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Onuki, M., H. Satoh, and T. Mino. "Analysis of microbial community that performs enhanced biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge fed with acetate." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (2002): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0470.

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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activated sludge was operated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with acetate as the sole carbon source. The microbial community of the sludge was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for about 2 months of start-up period. As a result, the number of major bands decreased during the enrichment, indicating that the microbial community structure was getting simpler. Since the phosphate removal activity was maintained at a high level, the bacteria which still re

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Twaroski, Danielle M., Yasheng Yan, Jessica M. Olson, Zeljko J. Bosnjak, and Xiaowen Bai. "Down-regulation of MicroRNA-21 Is Involved in the Propofol-induced Neurotoxicity Observed in Human Stem Cell–derived Neurons." Anesthesiology 121, no. 4 (2014): 786–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000345.

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Abstract Background: Recent studies in various animal models have suggested that anesthetics such as propofol, when administered early in life, can lead to neurotoxicity. These studies have raised significant safety concerns regarding the use of anesthetics in the pediatric population and highlight the need for a better model to study anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in humans. Human embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiating into any cell type and represent a promising model to study mechanisms governing anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Methods: Cell death in human embryonic stem ce

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Calvete, J. J., K. Mann, M. V. Alvarez, M. M. López, and J. González-Rodríguez. "Proteolytic dissection of the isolated platelet fibrinogen receptor, integrin GPIIb/IIIa. Localization of GPIIb and GPIIIa sequences putatively involved in the subunit interface and in intrasubunit and intrachain contacts." Biochemical Journal 282, no. 2 (1992): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2820523.

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Human platelet glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa) form the subunits of the Ca(2+)-dependent heterodimer GPIIb/IIIa, which belongs to the integrin family of phylogenetically related receptors mediating a wide variety of cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions. GPIIb/IIIa plays a central role in haemostasis as a receptor for fibrinogen and other adhesive proteins at the surface of activated platelets. The covalent structure of the subunits is largely known; however, the tertiary and quaternary structures of the heterodimer remain to be determined. To this end, our approach consisted

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Godet, Christian. "Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (February 26, 2015): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.60.

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Dynamic properties of n-alkyl monolayers covalently bonded to Si(111) were studied by broadband admittance spectroscopy as a function of the temperature and the applied voltage using rectifying Hg/C12H25/n-type Si junctions. Partial substitution of methyl end groups by polar (carboxylic acid) moieties was used to enhance the chain end relaxation response. Two thermally activated dissipation mechanisms (B1 and B2, with f B1 < f B2) are evidenced for all reverse bias values. The strong decrease of both relaxation frequencies with increasing reverse dc bias reveals increasing motional constrai

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Jiating, Lin, Ji Buyun, and Zhang Yinchang. "Role of Metformin on Osteoblast Differentiation in Type 2 Diabetes." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 26, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9203934.

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Metformin, an effective hypoglycemic, can modulate different points of malignant mass, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cardiovascular diseases, tuberculosis, and nerve regeneration. Recently, the effect of metformin on bone metabolism has been analyzed. Metformin relies on organic cation transporters (OCT1), a polyspecific cell membrane of the solute carrier 22A (SLC22A) gene family, to facilitate its intracellular uptake and action on complex I of the respiratory chain of mitochondria. These changes activate the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Thus, the increased

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Yenny, Sonar S. Panigoro, Denni J. Purwanto, et al. "Association of CYP2D6*10 (c. 100 C>T) Genotype with Z-END Concentration in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Tamoxifen Therapy in Indonesian Population." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 8 (2019): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190306094617.

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Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a frequently used hormonal prodrug for patients with breast cancer that needs to be activated by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) into Zusammen-endoxifen (Z-END). Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotype and attainment of the plasma steady-state Z-END minimal threshold concentration (MTC) in Indonesian women with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 125 ambulatory patients with breast cancer consuming TAM at 20 mg/day for at least 4 months. The frequency distribution of C

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Thrasher, Patsy R., Stephanie L. C. Scofield, Suman Dalal, Claire C. Crawford, Mahipal Singh, and Krishna Singh. "Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase deficiency impairs the autophagic response early during myocardial infarction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 315, no. 1 (2018): H48—H57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2018.

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Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is activated in response to DNA damage. We have previously shown that ATM plays a critical role in myocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that ATM deficiency results in autophagic impairment in the heart early during MI. MI was induced in wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Structural and biochemical parameters of the heart were measured 4 h after left anterior descending artery ligation. M-mode echocardiography re

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Huang, Chin-Wei, Kao-Min Lin, Te-Yu Hung, Yao-Chung Chuang, and Sheng-Nan Wu. "Multiple Actions of Rotenone, an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, on Ionic Currents and Miniature End-Plate Potential in Mouse Hippocampal (mHippoE-14) Neurons." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 47, no. 1 (2018): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489810.

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Background/Aims: Rotenone (Rot) is known to suppress the activity of complex I in the mitochondrial chain reaction; however, whether this compound has effects on ion currents in neurons remains largely unexplored. Methods: With the aid of patch-clamp technology and simulation modeling, the effects of Rot on membrane ion currents present in mHippoE-14 cells were investigated. Results: Addition of Rot produced an inhibitory action on the peak amplitude of INa with an IC50 value of 39.3 µM; however, neither activation nor inactivation kinetics of INa was changed during cell exposure to this compo

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Lee, Yoo-Jin, and Jongsun Kim. "Resveratrol Activates Natural Killer Cells through Akt- and mTORC2-Mediated c-Myb Upregulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249575.

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Natural killer (NK) cells are suitable targets for cancer immunotherapy owing to their potent cytotoxic activity. To maximize the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, adjuvants need to be identified. Resveratrol is a well-studied polyphenol with various potential health benefits, including antitumor effects. We previously found that resveratrol is an NK cell booster, suggesting that it can serve as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of NK cells by resveratrol remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine this mechan

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