Academic literature on the topic 'Cancer cell pleomorphism'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cancer cell pleomorphism"
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Caruso, Rosario A., Ciro Familiari, Giuseppe Giuffré, and Giovanni Mazzeo. "Pleomorphic Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Report of a Case." Tumori Journal 77, no. 6 (December 1991): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169107700615.
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The authors report a rare case of primary pleomorphic carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 70-year-old woman. A polypoid tumor protruded into the lumen from the fundus of the gallbladder. Characteristic histologic findings Included a general lack of architectural cohesiveness, marked pleomorphism, presence of mononucleated and multinucleated giant cells, extensive necrosis, leukocyte-tumor cell phagocytosis or cannibalism. Immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, carclnoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen as well as histochemical positivity for mucins demonstrated the epithelial nature of the tumor. The neoplasm behaved aggressively; the patient died of metastases 9 months after the operation.
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Bussolati, Gianni, Caterina Marchiò, Laura Gaetano, Rosanna Lupo, and Anna Sapino. "Pleomorphism of the nuclear envelope in breast cancer: a new approach to an old problem." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 12, no. 1 (October 23, 2007): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00176.x.
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Klemen, H., F. M. Smolle-Jüttner, and H. H. Popper. "Morphological and immunohistochemical study of typical and atypical carcinoids of the lung with clinico-pathological correlation." Endocrine-Related Cancer 1, no. 4 (1994): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0010053.
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ABSTRACT Typical and atypical carcinoids are neuroendocrine epithelial lung tumours which are difficult to distinguish. Confusion has been introduced by designating atypical carcinoids as well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas and including some tumours which are large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. We therefore investigated 32 typical and 23 atypical carcinoids of the lung, and 9 combined forms of atypical carcinoid and small cell carcinoma. The following parameters were each independently correlated in a multivariate analysis with 10-year survival data: nuclear and nucleolar polymorphism, mitotic counts, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, structural pattern, location of the tumours, immunohistochemistry, age and sex of the patients. Typical carcinoids were characterized by an absence of vascular invasion and lymph node metastases, and a mean mitotic rate of 0.75/10 high power fields (HPFs), while atypical carcinoids were characterized by vascular invasion and/or metastases, a mean mitotic rate of 4.25/10 HPFs and nuclear pleomorphism. Combined forms of atypical carcinoid and small cell carcinoma were characterized by vascular invasion, metastases and a mean mitotic rate of 20.7/10 HPFs. Vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, mitotic counts and nuclear pleomorphism significantly correlated with 10-year survival data, whereas location, size and structural pattern of the tumour, age and sex did not correlate with survival. All tumours were positive for cytokeratins and at least two out of three general neuroendocrine markers. However, positive reactivity for different peptides, hormones, and neurotransmitters did not correlate with one of the structural subtypes of carcinoid or with patient survival.
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Li, Jiayu, Yehan Zhou, Yunzhu Li, and Yang Liu. "Nuclear Morphological Characteristics in Breast Cancer: Correlation with Hormone Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2021 (November 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3037993.
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Background. Hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are the common diagnostic/prognostic markers in breast cancer. Few articles have recently reported the correlation between cytology and molecular subtypes. We combined nuclear morphological characteristics with HR and HER2 status to observe the relationship and provide ideas for machine learning. Methods. We reanalyzed fine-needle aspiration cytology samples and core-needle puncture histological specimens from 142 patients with invasive breast cancer between March 2019 and December 2019, and the findings were compared with the two groups (HR+/HER2- and HR-/HER2+) following nuclear cytomorphological features: nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, difference of nuclear size, nuclear pleomorphism, chromatin feature, nuclear membrane and nucleoli, and Nottingham grading. Results. Two groups were significantly associated with the difference of nuclear size, nuclear pleomorphism, and nucleoli ( P < 0.001 ) and consistent with histological grading ( P < 0.001 ). Moreover, nucleolar characteristics of size and number had obviously statistical significance ( P < 0.001 ). Multiple micro-nucleoli were frequently seen in the HR+/HER2- group compared with the HR-/HER2+ group which mostly were observed centered medium-large nucleoli. We described four interesting nuclear morphologies in the experiment. Conclusions. There were significant differences in nuclear characteristics between two groups. HR and HER2 status not only might be predicted in cytological samples, but some specific nuclear morphological features might have potential value to help us understand molecular function and predict more information.
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Petersen, Richard C. "Free-Radical Polymer Science Structural Cancer Model: A Review." Scientifica 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/143589.
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Polymer free-radical lipid alkene chain-growth biological models particularly for hypoxic cellular mitochondrial metabolic waste can be used to better understand abnormal cancer cell morphology and invasive metastasis. Without oxygen as the final electron acceptor for mitochondrial energy synthesis, protons cannot combine to form water and instead mitochondria produce free radicals and acid during hypoxia. Nonuniform bond-length shrinkage of membranes related to erratic free-radical covalent crosslinking can explain cancer-cell pleomorphism with epithelial-mesenchymal transition for irregular membrane borders that “ruffle” and warp over stiff underlying actin fibers. Further, mitochondrial hypoxic conditions produce acid that can cause molecular degradation. Subsequent low pH-activated enzymes then provide paths for invasive cell movement through tissue and eventually blood-born metastasis. Although free-radical crosslinking creates irregularly shaped membranes with structural actin-polymerized fiber extensions as filopodia and lamellipodia, due to rapid cell division the overall cell modulus (approximately stiffness) is lower than normal cells. When combined with low pH-activated enzymes and lower modulus cells, smaller cancer stem cells subsequently have a large advantage to follow molecular destructive pathways and leave the central tumor. In addition, forward structural spike-like lamellipodia protrusions can leverage to force lower-modulus cancer cells through narrow openings. By squeezing and deforming even smaller to allow for easier movement through difficult passageways, cancer cells can travel into adjacent tissues or possibly metastasize through the blood to new tissue.
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Koike, Etsuko, Keiichi Iwaya, Akinori Watanabe, Shinji Miyake, Eiichi Sato, and Takashi Ishikawa. "Association between Breast Cancer Recurrence and Cellular Dissociation Assessed Using Fine-Needle Aspiration." Acta Cytologica 60, no. 5 (2016): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448508.
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Objective: To determine the associations between breast cancer recurrence and cytological findings of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Study Design: The study included 117 women who had undergone a modified radical mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. FNAC samples of these patients were reexamined, and cytological findings, such as cellular dissociation, nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear atypia, chromatin pattern, and nuclear size, were scored. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of the cytological findings. Corresponding cancer tissues were immunostained for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), p53, and E-cadherin to determine their associations with cytological findings. Coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 was also examined immunohistochemically as a cell locomotion signal. Results: Cellular dissociation (p = 0.0259) and nuclear size (p = 0.0417) were significantly associated with cancer recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that cellular dissociation and histological grade were significant independent predictors of cancer recurrence. Cellular dissociation was found to be associated with coexpression of Arp2 and WAVE2 (p = 0.0356) and HER2 (p = 0.0469). Conclusion: The cytological finding of cell dissociation was associated with the activation of Arp2 and WAVE2 signals and was an independent predictor of recurrence.
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Montironi, Rodolfo, Alessia Cimadamore, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Marina Scarpelli, Gaetano Aurilio, Matteo Santoni, Francesco Massari, and Liang Cheng. "Morphologic, Molecular and Clinical Features of Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer." Cells 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051073.
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The term aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPCa) refers to androgen receptor (AR)-independent anaplastic forms of prostate cancer (PCa), clinically characterized by a rapidly progressive disease course. This involves hormone refractoriness and metastasis in visceral sites. Morphologically, AVPCa is made up of solid sheets of cells devoid of pleomorphism, with round and enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli and slightly basophilic cytoplasm. The cells do not show the typical architectural features of prostatic adenocarcinoma and mimic the undifferentiated carcinoma of other organs and locations. The final diagnosis is based on the immunohistochemical expression of markers usually seen in the prostate, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). A subset of AVPCa can also express neuroendocrine (NE) markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD56. This letter subset represents an intermediate part of the spectrum of NE tumors which ranges from small cell to large cell carcinoma. All such tumors can develop following potent androgen receptor pathway inhibition. This means that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) transdifferentiates and becomes a treatment-related NE PCa in a clonally divergent manner. The tumors that do not show NE differentiation might harbor somatic and/or germline alterations in the DNA repair pathway. The identification of these subtypes has direct clinical relevance with regard to the potential benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and likely further therapies.
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Blanco, Rancés, Charles E. Rengifo, Mercedes Cedeño, Milagros Frómeta, Enrique Rengifo, and Mayra Ramos-Suzarte. "Tumor Expression of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Correlates with High Mitotic Activity and Cell Pleomorphism Index in Lung Carcinoma." Journal of Histology 2013 (May 29, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/827089.
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At present, some research efforts are focusing on the evaluation of a variety of tumor associated antigens (TAAs) for a better understanding of tumor biology and genetics of lung tumors. For this reason, we evaluated the tissue expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ior C2 (a cell surface O-linked glycoprotein carbohydrate chain TAA) in lung carcinomas, as well as its correlation with a variety of clinicopathological features. The tissue expression of CEA was evidenced in 22/43 (51.16%) lung carcinomas and it was correlated with mitotic activity, cell pleomorphism indexes, and age of patients. The expression of ior C2 was observed in 15/43 (34.88%) tumors but no correlation with the clinicopathological features mentioned above was obtained. No correlation between both CEA and ior C2 antigens expression and the overall survival (OS) of non-small-cell lung cancer patients was also observed. However, CEA-negative patients displayed higher OS rates as compared with positive ones (69.74 versus 58.26 months). Our results seem to be in agreement with the role of CEA expression in tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of cell polarizations and tissue architecture distortion. The significance of ior C2 antigen in these malignancies and it potential use in diagnosis, prognosis, and/or immunotherapy must be reevaluated.
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Strosberg, J. R., D. Coppola, A. Neumann, and L. Kvols. "Clinicopathologic analysis of well, moderately and poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 15028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15028.
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15028 Background: Pathologic features used to classify neuroendocrine tumors include mitotic rate, pleomorphism and Ki-67 index. Based on these criteria, neuroendocrine tumors are classified into well, moderately, and poorly-differentiated categories. But whereas this nomenclature is conventionally employed, it is not well defined in the field of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). In particular, ‘moderately-differentiated‘ GEP-NETs are not formally recognized as a distinct category, and the clinical behavior of these tumors has not been described. Our classification of GEP-NETs is based on cell mophology and mitotic index, with well-diferentiated tumors displaying monomorphic appearance and rare mitoses (<2/10HPF), poorly differentiated tumors consisting of pleomorphic cells with a high mitotic index (>10/10HPF) and moderately-differentiated tumors displaying intermediate morphology and mitotic rate (2–10/10HPF). Methods: We performed an institutional chart analysis of patients with metastatic GEP-NETs, selecting all poorly and moderately differentiated cases and randomly selecting an equal number of patients with well differentiated tumors. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Results: A total of 83 cases were analyzed (28 well, 28 moderately, and 27 poorly differentiated). Overall survival correlated strongly with histological classification. At 2 years, survival rates among patients with well, moderately and poorly differentiated tumors were 100%, 57% and 22% respectively (p<0.001). De-differentiation of tumors was associated with a decreased rate of pentetreotide scan positivity, decreased rates of neuroendocrine hormone secretion and more widespread organ metastases. Conclusions: The classification of GEP-NETs into three histologic categories (well, moderately and poorly differentiated) correlates strongly with survival. Other features of neuroendocrine tumors (such as secretion of hormones and expression of somatostatin receptors) also correlate with histological classification. ‘Moderately- differentiated‘ neuroendocrine tumors should be recognized as a subset of GET-NETs with a prognosis that is distinct from well and poorly differentiated tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Kanda, Hiroaki, Noriyuki Furuta, Yutaka Takazawa, Reiko Furuta, Keisuke Ae, Yuko Sugiyama, and Yuichi Ishikawa. "Cytological Findings of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor-Derived Bone Metastasis." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 5-6 (2018): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492709.
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Objective: Procedures for diagnosing bone tumors should be rapid and minimally invasive. Thus, cytological examinations are more useful for such purposes than histological examinations. In order to identify cytomorphological findings that could be used to diagnose bone metastasis from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), previous cases were reviewed. Study Design: Cytological samples of 7 lesions from 4 patients with GIST-derived bone metastasis, which were obtained from 2001 to 2017 at the JFCR Cancer Institute Hospital, were reviewed. Results: The metastasis of GIST to the bone was clinically suspected before the cytological and histological examinations in all cases since they all involved other metastatic lesion(s), and characteristic osteolytic lesions were detected on radiological images. Although various cell shapes were encountered, spindle cell proliferation was seen in all cytological samples. No pleomorphism was apparent. Characteristic nuclear findings were observed. All of the cases could be diagnosed as GIST-derived bone metastasis. Conclusion: GIST-derived bone metastasis can be diagnosed by examining cytological samples.
Book chapters on the topic "Cancer cell pleomorphism"
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"Malignant Epithelial Tumors of the Parotid Gland." In Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders, 213–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch013.
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Cancer of the parotid gland represents about 20% of all parotid tumors. It either occurs “de-novo” or “on top of pleomorphic adenoma.” There is no sex predilection, and the age of developing this cancer is usually above 50 years. Malignant tumors are as varied as their benign counterparts. Certain tumors are “low-grade” (polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma), while others are “high-grade” (salivary duct carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma). The first echelon lymph node (LN) of metastases is the intra- and peri-glandular nodes. The next echelon is level II LNs. Hematogenous spread occurs very late and is mainly to the lungs and bones. However, adenoid cystic carcinoma tends to grow through peri-neural lymphatics with increased risk of nerve involvement, intra-cranial extension, and increased rate of recurrence. In this chapter, characteristic features and management of the individual types of malignant parotid tumors will be discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Cancer cell pleomorphism"
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Faridi, Pegah, Habibollah Danyali, Mohammad Sadegh Helfroush, and Mojgan Akbarzadeh Jahromi. "An automatic system for cell nuclei pleomorphism segmentation in histopathological images of breast cancer." In 2016 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spmb.2016.7846861.
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Pompermaier, Carolina, Willian Ely Pin, Mateus Xavier Schenato, Tales Antunes Franzini, and Guilherme Roloff Cardoso. "BREAST IMPLANT-ASSOCIATED ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1012.
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Objective: This review aims to bring updates about the relationship between the silicone implant and the breast implantassociated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-LCL), in order to have a better knowledge about this disease. Despite the low risk of its development, a better understanding of BIA-ALCL is of interest to women, oncologists, breast specialists, plastic surgeons, regulatory agencies, and the general public, as the number of women with breast implants is increasing worldwide. Methods: This article is based on a review of publications on the topic. A search for articles was carried out through the SciELO databases, at the interface of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS). Results: BIA-ALCL is a very rare disease (1 case per 1–3 million women with implants), accounting for 2–3% of these lymphomas in adults and 0.5% of breast cancers and occurs between 8 and 10 years after breast cancer and implantation of a breast prosthesis. Textured implants are the most associated because they have a greater contact surface, so more biofilm is formed, causing bacterial adhesion. Most patients have peri-implant effusion and less often have a mass. Other described symptoms included breast enlargement, skin rash, capsular contracture, and lymphadenopathy. Lymphoma may be located in the seroma cavity or may involve pericapsular fibrous tissue. To make the diagnosis, imaging tests and cytological analysis must be performed. The fluid must be aspirated and is usually cloudy and thick, with large pleomorphic epithelioid lymphocytes, abundant cytoplasm, eccentric reniform nucleus and prominent nucleolus, and anaplastic lymphoma (ALK). Morphological and immunophenotypic features are indistinguishable from those of ALK-negative ALCL. Conclusion: The treatment of BIA-LCL includes implant removal, complete capsulectomy, excision of suspected adenopathy, and excision of lymphoma margins. Surgeons may consider removal of the contralateral implant as approximately 4.6% of cases have demonstrated incidental lymphoma in the contralateral breast. There are no data to recommend a mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary lymphadenectomy, or breast reconstruction. The best prognosis is with complete capsule elimination surgery. Follow-up is done every 3–6 months for 2 years, in addition to imaging tests and the segment will depend on the patient’s clinical manifestations.