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1
Šitinová, Kristina. "Znečištěné ovzduší – neviditelná hrozba?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193970.
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This paper examines the influence of air pollution on humans. Suggesting the possible consequences of each action of air pollutants on human health but also the possible economic impacts of air pollution. It primarily exploers the effects of concentration of suspended particulate matter (PM10) on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The response variable in the regression model serves to determine the effect of PM10 on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a percentage share of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the clients of the General Health Insurance Company in individual regions of the Czech Republic. Explanatory variables were the mean annual concentration of PM10 and gross added value per capita. The model suggests that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Czech Republic and PM10 concentrations.
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Vrátná, Sandra. "Chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc a její léčba." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297151.
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1 ABSTRACT The aim of my thesis was a comprehensive view of COPD as a separate nosological entity. A substantial section focuses on current therapy, which are listed by category as concessional and stability of drugs including their mechanism of action. Education and smoking prevention play major role during the non- pharmacological therapy , as well as the rehabilitation, which is not yet very common, but it may contribute significantly to patientś health improving. The work is also illustrative of the disease compared with bronchial asthma because of the significant similarities of these diseases, their possible replacements and overlays number of syndromes that may complicate the diagnosis of any disease. A separate chapter is devoted to innovations in treatment, which lead to new possibilities in the combination of drugs for immunotherapy, but also necessary for long-acting drugs that promote patient compliance and is seeking to increase their comfort during therapy. Given that most drugs are administered by inhalation, indicated in my work with the issue of inhalation systems, their separation and the available tools offered by the Czech market.
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Misarová, Lenka. "Zvládání zátěže u chronické bolesti." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313474.
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This thesis describes coping in pacients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It focuses especially on the cognitive evaluation of pain and coping strategies. Furthermore it deals with the emotional changes in chronic pain. The theoretical part consists of the development of access to pain and the overview of some current knowledge of biological and psychosocial determinant of pain. Emphasis is placed on a holistic, biopsychosocial approach to the issue. Empirical part consists of research aimed at assesing the important factors that contribute to cope life with pain, as in terms of personal dispositions of an individual, so in terms of environmental influence. The main aim of the research is to identity the most used coping strategies and to assess their effectiveness. Keywords: chronic disease, chronic pain, coping resources, coping strategies
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Jenšík, Martin. "Klidový energetický výdej u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321065.
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1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martin Jenšík Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is step by step moving ahead in public and scientific interest due to its fast rising in mortality rate. Contemporary studies observed a phenomena that patients with COPD have increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that leads to loss of fat free mass and total weight. Our goal was to confirm or disprove this hypothesis. Our research ran in Department of research and development at University hospital Hradec Králové. In our study participated 30 patients, 26 men and 4 women, mean age 67 ± 8 let. Every patient was once examined after twelve-hour fasting. We determined REE and substrate utilization by method of indirect calorimetry. We confirmed increased REE from the average value of REE - 122 ± 14 % predicted by Harris - Benedict equation. None patient was hypometabolic, 7 were normometabolic and 23 hypermetabolic. Substrate utilization did not differ contrary to physiological values. Furthermore we discovered correlation among fat mass, fat free mass,...
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Krčmářová, Veronika. "Klidový energetický výdej u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí II." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337054.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical sciences Student: Veronika Krčmářová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II The aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional substrate utilization among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and control group. Previous studies have confirmed increased values of REE in COPD patients. On the basis of the increase of this parameter there was a loss of lean and muscle mass. The utilization of nutritional substrates in patients with COPD is not yet known. Our study by a total of 20 patients includes 11 patients with COPD, and 9 from the control group . The age of patients ranged from 55 to 71 years. Each patient was examined once. We determined the value of REE by indirect calorimetry and utilization of nutritional substrates. According to our results, there was an increase in REE in 82 % of patients with COPD, while only 33 % of patients from the control group was hypermetabolic. Comparing the results of REE between groups we observed REE increase by about 20 % in patients with COPD compared with the control...
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Malinová, Barbora. "Denzitometrické stanovení složení těla u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325211.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Malinová Supervisor of Diploma thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease Project and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the lung function impairment, there are often described changes in body composition in COPD patients e.g. the skeletal muscle protein loss. The main aim of the study was determining the body composition by DEXA in patients diagnosed with COPD and comparing them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. On each patient was performed one examination, patients were coming after twelve-hour fasting. Average age was 66 ± 8 years. The amount of fat-free mass was not reduced. There was not therefore a loss of muscle tissue due to COPD. When evaluating total fat, we find that men have more fat than normal levels. This is also indicated by BMI that has been in the majority in the range of overweight and obesity. We did not confirm the link between COPD...
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Sehnalová, Lucie. "Stanovení složení těla metodou bioelektrické impedance u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342230.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Lucie Sehnalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top leading causes of death and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are often developed alterations in metabolism and body composition in COPD patients. Clinically important are mainly malnutrition and skeletal muscle protein loss. Especially if the respiratory muscles are affected, the lung function is negatively influenced. The main aim of this study was to compare the body composition between 15 patients with COPD 3rd and 4th stage and 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment and comparable anthropometric characteristics (age, body height and weight). By means of bioelectrical impedance analysis we determined the composition of main body compartments. In patients with COPD was the mean amount of lean tissue of body weight (rel LTM) 47.2 ± 8.4 %, amount of fat mass (rel Fat) 37.8 ± 6.4 % and mean overhydration (OH) 0.31...
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Bělousovová, Anna. "Sledování posturálních a respiračních funkcí u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332222.
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Bibliographic identification BĚLOUSOVOVÁ, Anna. Monitoring of postural and respiratory changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Prague: Charles University, 2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2014. 66 p. Supervisor doc. PaedDr. Libuše Smolíková Ph.D. Abstract The thesis Monitoring of Postural and Respiratory Changes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease summerises knowledge of etiology, etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It also contains chapters dealing with pathophysiology and changes of the breathing mechanics in COPD patients, changes of the spirometry results within the disease, chapters following posture and postural functions, dysfunctional breathing and alterations of the function of postural muscles and an increase of the work of breathing. In the practical part of the thesis, 18 patients was involved in kinesiological assessment, dynamic tests of the movement of the spine, an assesment of the pathological barriers of the cervical, thoracic spine and ribs according to Lewit, tests of the deep stabilizing system and tests of the quality of life - CAT and SGRQ. These data were statistically processed together with the spirometrical data of the patients. There were three groups...
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Bartošová, Kristýna. "Somatognostické funkce u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297552.
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Diploma thesis "Body schema in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" is an experimental work which deals with body schema perception. As a part of the thesis there are particular tests of body schema included, which examine difference between control group and group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Research part of the work deals with current findings about body schema and with findings about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is more detailed analyze of musculoskeletal questions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease included. In an experimental part of the thesis there are comments on results of the body schema tests. The tests are focused on stereognosis, on position sense, on perception of self body size and on the ability to achieve isolated movement. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Tampierová, Lenka. ""Hlavně ať je to dítě zdravé!": Rodičovství v kontextu péče o dítě s chronickou nemocí." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368890.
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My diploma thesis deals with issues of gender relations and the construction of identities of lived experiences of parents caring for a child (children) with a chronic illness. For my qualitative research, I have chosen the method of semi-structured interviews with both parents of the child (children). Subsequent analysis of the data in this empirical study examines the way in which care for a child with chronic illness affects, due to its demanding character, gender relations and whether it leads to more balanced gender relations or vice versa. I also deal with the process of identifying both parents in the day care of a child with chronic illness in the context of a combination of paid work and home care and children. In my work, I see how my communication partners are conceptualizing the chronic illness of the child as a differentness and the care of a child with a chronic illness as a burden. I focus on the emotional plane of parenthood and also analyze the processes of negotiation within different institutions (health and education organizations, state authorities). Key words: Chronic illness, child, parenthood, differentness, burden, care, gender relations
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KAŠPAROVÁ, Iveta. "Vývoj potřeb u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252407.
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Nowadays chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a global and all society problems. COPD interferes in all aspects of patient´s life. It implicates limitations to physical aspect which is the cause of psychological and social effects. The disease changes the present way of patient´s life, the patients have to change their lifestyle, adapt themselves and learn new habits which can also mean changes of their needs during the COPD. The thesis deals with the problems of COPD patient´s needs. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part focuses on characteristic of the disease, classification and hierarchy of human needs, the effects of COPD on biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs and next on the nursing care for patients with COPD. The practical part of the thesis includes the processing and next the evaluation of the dates obtained during the research. The aim of the thesis was to findout how the patient's needs differ in particular stadium of the disease. To get the aim there were determined six research questions:1) What is the knowledge level of COPD patients? 2) How different are their needs in particular stadium of the disease? 3) Which needs predominate in individual stadium of the disease? 4) Which activities can COPD patients do? 5) Which limitations and problems do COPD patients have? 6) Which needs does a COPD patient have in the field of home oxygen therapy? The method of qualitative research was used for the research. The technique of non-standardized interview was used for the data gathering. The research complex was formed by 15 COPD patients from the first to the third stadium of the disease. There were five patients in each chosen stadium. The evidence of the individual patients were divided according to their specific stadium into particular categories: knowledge of the disease, respiration, sleep, lifestyle, profession, check-ups. The research shows that the need changes did not directly depend on the level of the disease stadium, but mainly on the patient´s facing up to the disease, their total state of health and based on their individual needs. The firstand second stadium patients gave as the most common need to have their medicines permanently at their disposal, next the bigger need of sleep and rest and last but not least the need of being more independent. The progress of needs in the third stadium was different according to using of home oxygen the therapy or not. The patients who use home oxygen therapy coincided that the therapy helped them to improve their life. Now the main need is to increase their independence in household activities and to besurrounded by their family. Some COPD patients have demonstrable common symptom of depression which consequently influences physiological needs such as sleep, rest, independence and also their total self-realization. The need changes significantly affected the field of life habits, regime,lifestyle and leisure time activities. First of all there has been the absence of cigarettes and alcohol among their life habits and regime. There have been some limitations such as fishing, riding a bike, mushroomingin leisure time activities. The lifestyle was affected the changes in family and work life. The patients often suffer from dyspnoea, which subsequently limits walking, household activities, self-service,for example: shopping, meal preparing, dressing or doing personal hygiene. Despite various limitations the patients do various activities like walking dogs, strolling, reading books, watching TV, visiting clubs and other interesting culture events. The research results pointed to insufficient level of knowledge of the COPD patients. Due to the low level of the patients´ knowledge of the disease an information material with basic information about the disease was prepared.
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Schwarzová, Kristýna. "Kineziofobie, její prediktory a souvislosti u vybraných chronických onemocnění - teoretický přehled." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-451080.
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Title: Kinesiophobia, her predictors and consequences in selected chronic diseases - theoretical review Objectives: To review the issue of the occurrence of kinesophobia in various chronic diseases and to identify its predictors. Methods: The diploma thesis was prepared in the form of a literature search using electronic resources of the National Medical Library, the Central Physical Education Library and professional databases Pubmed, EBSCO, SCORPUS, Medline, Web of Science. The first half of the work summarized all the theoretical background and knowledge of kinesophobia and selected chronic diseases. The second half was focused on the processing of the issue of kinesophobia in selected chronic diseases and on the mapping of their predictors. Results: Based on the processing of available resources dealing with the issue of kinesophobia in selected chronic diseases, a comprehensive overview was created. In patients with chronic low back pain, high levels of kinesophobia were most often associated with chronic pain, functional impairment associated with the disease, obesity, low levels of education, and emotional states (anxiety, depression). In coronary heart disease, high levels of kinesophobia were associated with a lack of understanding of the need for physical activity, social support,...
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KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína. "Kvalita života u pacientů s CHOPN." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-175378.
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Theoretical foundation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranks among the most serious diseases in the population. The COPD prevalence is assumed at up to 7,7%. As the name shows, it is a chronic disease characteristic with typical symptoms including particularly cough, expectoration and noticeable dyspnoea. The symptoms may get worse above their common level in the course of the disease, which we call exacerbation. The presence of unpleasant breathing problems affects different life areas, restricting the individual when performing everyday activities. The patient's psyche is affected as well, including potential incidence of anxieties or depressions. Finally, the patient's subjectively perceived quality of life is significantly worsened. Goal of the thesis The goal of this thesis is to ascertain the areas in which COPD affects the quality of life. Hypotheses H1: COPD patients feel breathing problems. H2: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of common daily activities. H3: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of physical activity. H4: COPD patients feel restrictions in social sphere. H5: COPD patients experience negative feelings. H6: COPD patients perceive their quality of life as bad. Methodology The research investigation was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S "Reflection of life quality in nursing". The data collection was performed under use of quantitative method; the research investigation took place with the help of questionnaire technology. Two questionnaires were used: St. George's Respiratory Questionare Czech (SGRQ) and WHOQOL 100 generic standardized questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to persons with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The selection set was made up through quota selection that was observed. The quotas consisted in COPD diagnosis and the respondents' gender. The proportion of men and women was specified at 500 persons, 294 men and 206 women from that number. The research set consisted of 296 men and 207 women, i.e. 503 respondents in total. The investigation took place through addressing general practitioners, specialized outpatients' departments and chest disease wards. Results The results were processed with the help of the SASD program (statistic analysis of social data). The results can be divided into three groups. The first group includes the results characterizing the structure of the research set; the second group includes the graphically represented results, and the third group includes the results processed with the help of descriptive statistics. The last two groups include results from both questionnaires used. The results allowed us obtaining information on perception of breathing problems by the patients, on the sphere of common daily activities, on problems in the sphere of movement, on social sphere, on experiencing of negative feelings and on subjective perception of quality of life. Based on the results, the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: COPD patients feel breathing problems confirmed, H2: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of common daily activities - confirmed, H3: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of physical activity not confirmed, H4: COPD patients feel restrictions in social sphere - not confirmed, H5: COPD patients experience negative feelings confirmed, and H6: COPD patients perceive their quality of life as bad - not confirmed. Conclusion The thesis provides comprehensive view of the spheres affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may be used not only for nurses but also for the whole multidisciplinary team caring for the patient. The thesis may be used also as study material for nursing students. The results of the research investigation will be further presented at conferences and published in professional journals.
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Unzeitigová, Aneta. "Emoční prožívání pacientů s chronickým renálním selháním." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346839.
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The diploma thesis deals with the emotional experience of patients with chronic renal failure. It aims to explore positive and negative emotional experiences, the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, the degree of anger and alexithymia in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The theoretical part summarizes previously published theoretical knowledge in this area and the empirical part describes the statistical measurement and comparison of selected variables of emotional experience in the research sample. The theoretical part is divided into 4 chapters, the first of them deals with the medical aspects of chronic renal failure and its treatment. The second chapter deals with the coping with illness, defines psychological aspects of chronic disease and describes the patient's subjective perception of the disease and attitudes towards the disease. The third chapter summarizes the definitions of emotions and emotional experience and defines the most respected theories of emotion. The fourth chapter describes the emotional experiences of illness, factors affecting the emotional experience of illness and deals with depression, anxiety, anger and alexithymia, at the end focuses on current research in this area. The empirical part is devoted to the empirical investigation of...
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Poláková, Terezie. "Hodnocení energetického metabolismu u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334686.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Terezie Poláková Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Assessment of energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for lung disease with systemic consequences. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are also described changes in body metabolism, which could lead to the development of serious metabolic syndrome called cachexia. The main aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutrition substrate utilization in 12 patients with advanced form of COPD from the Czech Multicentre Research Database of COPD (5 females and 7 males, mean age 68 ± 6 years) and in 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment (5 females and 4 males, 62 ± 4 years). Assessment of body metabolism was determined by method of indirect calorimetry. Measured REE was then compared with prediction based on Harris-Benedict equation. The utilization of main nutrition substrates was determined from the respiratory quotient and urea nitrogen loss in urine. We found that measured REE in COPD patients was about 20 % higher than in control group....
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Chmelařová, Anna. "Dynamika hrudníku u pacientů s CHOPN, její ovlivnění pomocí POWERbreathe." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382891.
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This diploma thesis deals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influence on the musculoskeletal system, lung transplantation and pulmonary rehabilitation. It discusses the role of POWERbreathe, a breathing training device, which is primarily used to strengthen the inspiratory muscles. The practical part was performed as a randomized control pilot study to assess the effect of POWERbreathe on the strength of the inspiratory muscles, the thorax dynamics and selected pulmonary function. The aim of the study is to determine the benefits of using the POWERbreathe for COPD patients during the pre-transplant period. In total, 18 patients with COPD IV. grade participated in the study (6 women and 12 men) with an average age of 59.8 ± 5.53 years. Probands were divided into two groups, only one of which used a POWERbreathe. Pulmonary functions (FEV1, VCin, FVC, PIF), muscle strength (SIndex), and chest dynamics (chest disturbances in the mezosternal and xiphosternal region with maximum inspiration and exhalation and respiratory amplitudes in these areas) were evaluated. The results did not show a significant inter-group difference in the strength of the inspiratory muscles. Within pulmonary function, this difference was evident in the FEV1 parameter and the chest dynamics increased...
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Milibari, Hussam. "Vliv metody uvolňování dýchacích cest u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380310.
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Title The effect of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective The main purpose of this study is to expose and evaluate the efficacy of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by using pulmonary functions and Quality of Life measurements from recent studies. Methodology This thesis is literature review. The selected studies were according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selections of recent studies were published from the year of 2000 until 2017 in English language. The following research databases were selected to identify the relevant topic: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro, and CINAHL. The parameters' results from the articles have been also selected by evaluation the statistical differences according to the P-values. Results Twenty-three articles out of 117 have been found according to inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The techniques were active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT), positive expiratory pressure (PEP), temporary of positive expiratory pressure (T-PEP), Oscillating positive expiratory pressure (O-PEP), high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), slow expiration with glottis opened in lateral posture (ELTGOL), postural drainage, and autogenic...
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Ivánková, Vendula. "Komplexní ošetřovatelská péče u pacienta po transplantaci plic na anesteziologicko resuscitačním oddělení." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386899.
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Lungs transplantation is a solution for the end stage of pulmonary disease after other therapeutic possibilities that the modern medicine has to offer have been exhausted. The main objective of this thesis is to show postoperative patient care after lung transplantation in the department anesthesiology and resuscitation. A highly specialized complex care and cooperation of various fields is needed. Nurses who take care of these patients must be experienced and skillful. They also need to manage well the nursing care for patients in sedation as well as fully conscious patents. It is also needed that the nurses are acquainted with specialized methods of hemodynamics measurements, administration of nitrous oxide and operation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machine. They need to know well the drugs that are being administered. The thesis summarizes anatomy and physiology of respiratory system, it deals with lung disease and their symptoms which most often lead to lung transplantation. Finally, the thesis describes the development of lung transplantation from its beginning to the present including the number of cases of lung transplantation per year. The last chapter of the theoretical part also shows indication, contraindication and the main principles of patient care that is given prior to and...
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Doleželová, Magdaléna. "Parametry složení těla v závislosti na stupni metabolismu u pacientů s CHOPN." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349005.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Magdaléna Doleželová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degrese in patiens with COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a very serious illness characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction and lung emphysema. Contributes to its overall severity are extrapulmonary manifestations, especially cachexia and loss of lean tissue mass. Chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways and increased respiratory effort cause the hypermetabolic state to some patients with COPD. This thesis investigates the impact of increased metabolism on body composition in patients with COPD. Our study included 50 COPD patients (38 men, 12 women) who were examined by bioelectrical impedance. In this study, we compared the parameters of body composition of men with resting energy expenditure REE > 130% (hereinafter Men over 130%) (n = 9) and the group of men with REE < 130 % (hereinafter Men below 130 %) (n = 29). In the group of Men over 130 % we found a lower average value of body weight by 18 % compared to Men below 130 %. Total body and intracellular water were 12 %...
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Hovorková, Lenka. "Leukemie s fusním genem BCR/ABL." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323649.
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Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, as a result of reciprocal translocation, is in majority of cases connected to two types of leukaemia - chronic myelogenous (CML) and acute lymphoblastic (ALL). The translocation occurs within large intronic sequences of BCR and ABL genes. The breakpoints are specific for individual patient and may be used as a target for monitoring of leukemic burden (MRD, minimal residual disease) during the treatment. In general, MRD is an important prognostic factor, which influences the treatment intensity. Two standardized methods are currently used for its monitoring. The first one is based on the detection of clonal specific Immunoglobulin and/or T-cell receptor genes rearrangements (and thus cannot be used for CML cases) at the DNA level, the second one utilizes detection of the BCR/ABL fusion gene at the mRNA level. Our aim was to optimize and standardize the process to find individual patient breakpoints on Ph chromosome and to use it for MRD quantification. We found the breakpoint in 80 % cases. The MRD data from 15 patients obtained by our method were compared to the levels obtained by standard methods (Ig/TCR and BCR/ABL transcript quantification). In all but 1 patient we found significant discrepancies, raising the questions about leukemic origin and the most accurate method for...
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Malinská, Eva. "Farmakoterapie chronické obstrukční plicní nemoci." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-277561.
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CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY CANDIDATE: EVA MALINSKÁ SUPERVISOR: DOC. MUDR. RADOMÍR HRDINA, CSC. TITLE OF DIPLOMA THESIS: PHARMACOTHERAPY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 2 ABSTRACT Topic: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Autor: Eva Malinská Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the world significant cause of chronic morbidity and mortality. The main cause of COPD is continuous smoking of tobacco, together with other influences - like air polution, etc.. The proper and timely diagnosis of COPD leads to improvement of patient's life and reduction of complications such as pulmonary hypertension and other illnesses connected with it. To achieve satisfactory state , all patients need pharmacological treatment. Part of care for the patients should be regime measures, above all - smoking cessation. The pharmacotherapy in recent time prefers inhalation bronchodilators, possibly in combination with inhalation corticosteroids. Total cure of COPD is not possible yet. The course of the illness is not possible to stop, but it can be made slower and the symptoms can be minimalized. The base for successful treatment is co-operation of educated patient.
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Březáková, Alena. "Psychologická problematika chronické nemoci u dětí (model enurézy)." Master's thesis, 1994. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-366247.
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Pečinková, Jana. "Deprese u chronicky nemocných." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296002.
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This thesis "Chronic Patients' Depression" looks into Alzheimer's disease patients' depression. Theoretical part focuses on topics of old age, dementia syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and depression. These topics are described also in their associations. Current researches in the field of study are mentioned too. Practical part deals with presence of depression in Alzheimer's persons. Hypothesis that depression is more frequent in early stage of dementia is tested. In the research there is used standardised method - Yesevage's Geriatric Depression Scale. Other methods which can bring new information is also used (Geriatric Depression Scale filled in by caring persons and structured observation). The outcome is 9,7% Alzheimer's patients suffer from depression. More persons with depression we can find in a group of Alzheimer's early stage however difference between group of early and advanced stage is not significant. This study occupies with assets of other methods for diagnostic of depression.
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Peková, Soňa. "Molekulární diagnostika chronické lymfatické leukemie a sledování minimální reziduální nemoci." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-266100.
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Bezděková, Tereza. "Senzomotorická stimulace - součást komplexní léčby nemocných chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310849.
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The thesis deals with the possibility to influence the values of the lung function in patiens with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after exercise carried out according to the Methodology of sensorimotor training. The thesis contains a summary of theoretical knowledge about the pathophysiologic expresion of COPD, including their consequences not only for the respiratory system, but musculoskeletal system as well. Furthermore the thesis includes the information about the Methodology of sensorimotor training, that was used to influence the posture correction in our research. Methods: The spirometric examination of flow-volume curves monitor the changes prior to and after the exercise according to sensorimotor training in patiens with COPD (mean age 60, 733 ± 11,817). Results: The using of sensorimotor training can provide correction of the position of the whole body, of the chest, and change a chest mobility and in total to set up conditions for more economical muscle activation. This enable the changes in the values of the lung functions in the patiens with COPD, that we measured. Not all changes showed statistically significant change. Conclusion: Using sensorimotor training have an objective effect on the values of the lung function in patiens with COPD.
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Koblížek, Vladimír. "Postižení nazální mukociliární clearance u bývalých kuřáků ve stabilní chronické obstrukční plicní nemoci závisí na přítomnosti fenotypu chronické bronchitidy." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311429.
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AJ Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in former smokers with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease relates to presence of a chronic bronchitis phenotype Background: Associations between nasal and bronchial impairment have been repeatedly described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whereas nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) in COPD patients is not yet fully understood. We studied nasal MCC parameters in COPD patients and compared them with healthy adults (HA) and with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with compromised MCC. Methodology: Pilot study of seventeen COPD patients without exacerbation; all of them were examined to investigate and compare nasal and bronchial ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern. Main observational study of 98 COPD ex-smokers and subjects from control groups (15 CF and 39 HA) evaluated for nasal MCC time (NMCCt) and by digital video microscopy of nasal mucosa recording ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (index of ciliary dyskinesia). Results: It was found no difference in mean ciliary beat frequencies between nasal (6.0 Hz ± 1.3) and bronchial (5.9 ± 1.3) mucosa (p = 0.427). We found medium association in degree of ciliary dyskinesia (κ = 0.733). In the main observational study: the NMCCt was decreased in HA (575...
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Hrdý, Tomáš. "Klinické hodnocení posturálně-rovnovážných funkcí u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310797.
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Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Impairments in exercise capacity, kinesiology and skeletal muscle function are well established in these patients. Recently presented data also suggests impairments in postural balance and increased risk of falls in patients with COPD. The aim of this study is to examine postural balance functions in a group of patients and compare the results with a control group. Methods: Twelve patients (the average age 65,6 ± 7,1, 5 women, 7 men) with COPD hospitalized at the Pulmonary Clinic at the Faculty Hospital, Prague Motol and 10 healthy control subjects (the average age 58,6 ± 5,2, 7 women, 3 men) participated in this study. Participants were measured by The Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). Results: COPD patients scored significantly worse (0,0099, p < 0,05) on the ABC scale total score compared to healthy controls, 78,38 ± 21,14 for COPD versus 97,78 ± 3,88 for controls. The total score and the six subsystem categories score of the BESTest were lower in COPD patients, but not significantly, compared to controls. Conclusion: Patients with COPD showed a lower degree of balance confidence and postural balance functions....
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Chlumský, Jan. "Vztah plicních funkcí a tolerance fyzické zátěže u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-285739.
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Výsledky studie přinesly několik zásadních zjištění: 1. Tolerance zátěže je u pacientů s CHOPN významně omezena, přičemž různé typy zátěže jsou tolerovány značně rozdílně. Hlavní limitací obou typů zátěže však zůstává nemožnost zvyšovat VT (a následně VE) v odpovědi na zvýšený ventilační drive doprovázející fyzickou zátěž. 2. Limitace vzestupu VT (a následně VE) je určována stupněm plicní hyperinflace a její změnou v průběhu zátěže samotné, která se dá při absenci náročné přístrojové techniky nepřímo odhadovat podle hodnot IC nebo IVC. 3. 6-MWT je na rozdíl od ergometrie doprovázen rychlejším nárůstem dynamické plicní hyperinflace, která je odpovědná za významnou poruchu oxygenace. Proto lépe, než jiné testy tolerance fyzické zátěže odráží schopnost běžných denních aktivit.
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SOBKOVČÍKOVÁ, Gabriela. "Kvalita života u pacietů s chronickým onemocněním ledvin." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79833.
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Aim of this study was to determine, which area (social, psychical, physical) is for the patient with chronic kidney disease considered most important and whether we can help the patient to improve his quality of life in this area. A qualitative form of research was used for achieving the aim of this paper. Collection of data has been performed by the method of semi-structured interview in 10 patients using additional (so-called probe) questions. Case reports of individual patients have been performed on the basis of interview results. These case reports form a base for workup of categorized tables and graphs (frame analysis approach), in which most important research results have been summarised. Research set has been chosen as target-oriented by the snowball technique and is formed by 10 respondents with chronic kidney disease, who are patients with chronic kidney disease since their childhood. The research has proven that respondents perceive as most important issues the family and health, but their conception differs for each of them. Research results can be used in social contacts and consultation and education working directly with patients and improving their compliance.
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Kočová, Eva. "Fenotypové hodnocení nemocných s těžkou formou chronické obstrukční plicní nemoci pomocí HRCT hrudníku (Prospektivní sledování nemocných v rámci Národní výzkumné databáze CHOPN)." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357974.
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Phenotypic assessment of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with using HRCT of the lung Aim Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is very important societal and economic problem worldwide. The main risk factor form COPD is tabacco smoke. CODP patients are very heterogenic group with different clinical symptoms. Due to different dominant clinic symptoms it is important to sort out patients to different groups - phenotypes. However differentiation into phenotype groups is not unified. Also using computed tomography (CT) in COPD diagnosis is not routine. The aim of this study is to assess if CT should be one of the basal paraclinic method used in diagnosis of all COPD patient. Materials and methos Patients from Czech multicentre research database of severe COPD which is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov with number NCT01923051were analysed. The analysis of CT scans with clinical symptoms and lung functional tests was performed. Results From May 2013 were 784 patients included to the database. Completelly 359 patients had CT examination and lung functional tests. More than two thirds of patients (69,4 %) were dyspnoeic even during walk on level ground. Most of the patients were i GOLD group C and D. We have found bronchiectasis on CT in 120 (37,4 %), lung emphysema in...
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BITTENGLOVÁ, Ilona. "Kvalita života u pacientů s chronickým onemocněním pohybového systému." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85655.
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The thesis ``Quality of life in patients with chronic disease of musculoskeletal system`` is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with quality of life in general, its assessment, with chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system and their impact on quality of life. The objective of the thesis is stated and hypotheses are set in the practical part by means of which the research itself was started. The following chapter ``Methodology{\crqq} describes the research technique and methods used to confirm or disprove given objective and hypotheses stated. The next chapter ``Results{\crqq} contains charts and graphs with final values and their verbal description. Information obtained from the research is confronted in the discussion.
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KOLMANOVÁ, Aneta. "Informovanost žáků 8. a 9. ročníků základních škol o chronických neinfekčních nemocech." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381125.
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The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the current knowledge of the pupils of 8th and 9th grades of primary schools about selected chronical non-infectious diseases (known as civilisation diseases). The pupils of rural and urban types of primary schools have taken part in the questionnaire survey. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of selected diseases, their causes and prevention. In the practical part, the results of the survey are processed and evaluated.
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Slavíčková, Markéta. "Sociálně pedagogická pomoc osobám se sníženou soběstačností a jejich rodinám (v podmínkách GARC Kladno s.r.o.)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308983.
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This thesis called 'Socio-Pedagogical Assistance to Partially-Autonomous Patients and to Their Families" (as conducted at GARC Kladno, s.r.o.). aims to map the health and social situation of partially-autonomous patients (hereafter PAP) as a result of a chronic condition, a disability or geriatric conditions in the context of their actual living environment. The theoretical part deals with health and social challenges confronted by PAP focusing on social and individual rehabilitation in conducting daily life. It is divided into five parts. Part One describes health issues faced by PAP with emphasis on particular issues which affect this group. Part Two defines the basic terminology of disability and autonomy.Through work experience it was possible to provide first-hand observation of particular issues which affect this group, e.g. physical disability as a factor limiting autonomy. Both subjective and objective observations of this group can weigh heavily on the value of the outcome. Part Three places PAP in his environment and at the same time evaluates the role of the family members and various services available to PAP under the Social Services Act No. 108/2008 Coll. Part Four looks into rehabilitation services available to PAP and other assistance available to them. Particular methodologies...