Journal articles: 'Cytological techniques'

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Fives, Cassie, André Toulouse, Louise Kenny, Therese Brosnan, Julie McCarthy, and Brendan Fitzgerald. "Cytology Techniques Can Provide Insight into Human Placental Structure Including Syncytiotrophoblast Nuclear Spatial Organisation." Journal of Developmental Biology 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb11040046.

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The aim of this study was to provide the first systematic description of human placental cytology appearances and to investigate syncytiotrophoblast nuclear organisation patterns using cytology techniques. Term placentas from normal pregnancies were sampled using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and direct scrapes. Standard histological examination was also performed to exclude pathological changes in the placentas being studied. Both Papanicolaou-stained cytospin preparations and air-dried Giemsa slides from FNA provided high-quality material for cytological assessment with good cellularity. Among the key features of the cytology preparations were villous “microbiopsies” that allowed for the three-dimensional appreciation of villous branching patterns. Cytological appearances, including nuclear characteristics of villous cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, were also well demonstrated. In microbiopsies and detached villous trophoblast sheets, complex patterns of syncytiotrophoblast nuclear organisation, not previously described cytologically, were observed, including irregular spacing of nuclei, syncytioplasm windows and linear nuclear arrangements. This study showed that placental cytology (a) provides technically excellent material for cytological evaluation, (b) confirms the presence of complex nuclear organisational patterns in the syncytiotrophoblast by eliminating the possibility of tangential sectioning artefact, (c) provides superior nuclear detail over standard histological sections and (d) may be an untapped research resource for the investigation of normal and pathological processes because of its ability to look at the placenta in a novel way and through its potential for both ex vivo and in vivo placental sampling.

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Singh, Shashikant, Prajwala Gupta, Purnima Malhotra, Minakshi Bhardwaj, and Desh Deepak. "Typical Carcinoid: Cytological Diagnosis of a Case and Mimickers in Cytological Sampling Techniques with Brief Review of Literature." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 6, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): C32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2329.

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Pakharukova, M. I., E. E. Lysak, K. V. Ryzhankova, M. A. Kotugina, L. N. Rebrikova, P. E. Ermolaeva, and Ya B. Beikin. "Application of cyto-histological correlation as a quality control in diagnosing cervical pathology." CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY 13, no. 1 (2024): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31088/cem2024.13.1.76-83.

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Introduction. In Russia, cervical cancer screening with cytological techniques faces a problem of quality control. Currently, it is necessary to standardize the methodology for comparing the results of morphological methods. The aim of the paper was to compare the findings of cytological and histological studies when diagnosing cervical pathology, classify discrepancies, and evaluate the effectiveness of the cytological method. Materials and methods. A comparative retrospective analysis of cytological examination followed by histological examination was carried out in 2,739 patients. Results. Both methods showed coincidence in 57.9% of cases. Minor and major discrepancies were determined in 29% and 13.1% of cases, respectively. The cytologic technique showed the following figures: sensitivity of 79.3%, specificity of 77.6%, positive prognostic value of 80%, and negative predictive value of 76.9%. When using the liquid-based cytology method, the number of true positive results was significantly higher, while that of false negative results was lower. The interval of up to 2 months between cytological and histological examinations yielded the highest rate of true positive and the lowest rate of false negative results. Conclusion. Comparing the results of morphological methods is most likely to be the best option for ensuring quality control of laboratory tests. This should be a guideline with a subsequent revision of samples in the presence of discrepancies, analysis of their causes, and evaluation of method effectiveness.

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Barnard, N. "Routine Cytological Staining Techniques: Theoretical Background and Practice." Postgraduate Medical Journal 63, no. 736 (February 1, 1987): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.63.736.158.

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Hakso-Mäkinen, Heli, and Ivana Kholová. "New Cell Block Method to Enhance the Cellular Yield in Mucous and/or Bloody Samples." Acta Cytologica 64, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501817.

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Objective: Cell blocks (CBs) are used to complement cytological diagnosis and for ancillary testing. Dissatisfaction with the cellular yield of the CB is widely recognized. Various techniques have been developed to increase the diagnostic utility of CBs. Study Design: We invented a new CB technique to increase cellular yield and diagnostic accuracy suitable especially for mucous and/or bloody cytological samples. Results: The new CB technique is described in detail with illustrations and cases, where it increased the cellular yield and diagnostic accuracy. CBs prepared by this method are suitable also for ancillary techniques, namely immunocytochemistry. Conclusions: The newly described method showed a better cellular yield in mucous and/or bloody cytological specimens.

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Cecchini Gualandi, Stefano, Tommaso Di Palma, and Raffaele Boni. "Serological and Uterine Biomarkers for Detecting Endometritis in Mares." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020253.

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Serological analysis may provide relevant information on endometritis diagnostics. Therefore, mares scheduled for AI with refrigerated semen, at the time of heat signs, underwent blood and uterine fluid samplings using a swab, uterine lavage for culture analysis, and treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation. After 24–28 h, the mares were inseminated and, if positive at the culture test, treated with antibiotics chosen based on the susceptibility test. Uterine cells obtained by swabs were used for cytological examination with both classical and fluorescence techniques. Blood serum and uterine fluid samples were analyzed for assessing parameters related to redox balance, inflammation, and protease regulator potential. In blood serum, total antioxidant capacity, measured as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), was significantly lower in cytologically endometritis-positive than -negative mares. In the uterine fluid, total thiol levels (TTL), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), protease activity and total protein content varied significantly between groups. Although the cytological examination was more capable of discriminating between endometritis-positive and -negative mares in relation to the parameters examined, no statistically significant differences emerged in terms of pregnancy rate in relation to cytological and culture diagnosis as well as in mares diagnosed as positive and negative for endometritis.

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Krogerus, Leena, and Ivana Kholová. "Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 4 (2018): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489769.

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Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information. CB can be used for ancillary techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the various preparatory techniques of CBs. Results: There is a wide range of preparatory techniques for CBs and no golden standard for CBs exists: tens of methods are used in various institutions. The majority of the methods are modified in house techniques with a few commercially available kits. The techniques most commonly used are the plasma/thrombin method, the agar method, and commercially available Histogel- and Cellient CB-methods. Dissatisfaction with the cellular yield of the CBs is common. Conclusions: In the CBs, the cytological material is preserved for future use, which is a tremendous advantage in the era of targeted therapy and biobanking. The CB is thus central to the future of cytology: more can be done with less material and with less invasiveness to the patient.

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Kaptilnyy, V. A. "Taking ecto- and endocervical scrapings for the cytological study." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/2313-8726-2016-3-2-92-96.

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In the article there is presented the technique of taking ecto- and endocervical scrapings for the cytological method of research. There are described in details the various techniques used in routine clinical practice. Particular attention is paid to the quality of the collecting cytological sample - technique of taking samples of cellular material. There is described the preparation to the study, readings and research goals. The accompanying photos illustrate in detail all the stages of the cytological screening of the uterine cervix.

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MUGALE, MADHAV, VIKASH SINGH, DNYANESHWAR GAVHANE, and GAGAN GOSWAMI. "Salient features of sticker tumour in dogs and its diagnosis by cytopathology and histopathology technique." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84, no. 4 (April 16, 2014): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v84i4.39834.

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Six dogs of various ages, breeds and sex showed tumourous growth confined to extragenital regions. The study was aimed at diagnosing tumourous growth using routine technique clinically and pathologically. Cytological techniques and later the results were compared with routine histopathology. Two male Labrador dogs, 1 female Spitz and 3 male non-descript dogs with tumour masses over and around the genital organ were used. Tumour impression sample and excised tumour were used as material for the study. Fine needle aspiration cytopathology (FNAC) with various cytological stains and routine histopathology with haematoxylin and eosin staining were performed. Grossly, the tumour masses appeared as single or multiple irregular, cauliflower like and had a tendency to bleed and in almost all cases colour was pink to red. Cytologically, the tumour yielded a homogenous, sheet-like high cellular mass. Cytoplasm with punctate vacuoles, anisokaryosis with anisonucleoliosis and coarse to reticulate nuclear chromatin were prominent features. Histopathology showed sheets of round cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic variations. The study concluded that cytopathology could be used as a quick, rapid, field diagnostic technique in combination with histopathology for the diagnosis of TVTs.

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Mendes, Sarah Freygang, Grasieli de Oliveira Ramos, Elena Riet Correa Rivero, Filipe Modolo, Liliane Janete Grando, and Maria Inês Meurer. "Techniques for Precancerous Lesion Diagnosis." Journal of Oncology 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/326094.

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The development of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multistep process that requires the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations usually preceded by detectable mucosal changes, most often leukoplakias and erythroplakias. The clinical appearance of oral precancerous lesions and their degree of epithelium dysplasia suggests the malignization potential. Several techniques have been developed to improve the clinical and cytological diagnosis of oral precancerous lesions. The present paper reviews the main techniques used to improve premalignant lesion diagnosis.

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Eason, Erica, Baldwin Toye, George A. Wells, and Mary Senterman. "Assessment of Two Alternative Sample Transport and Fixation Methods in the Microbiological Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 6 (2003): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/312429.

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BACKGROUND: The standard method for specimen collection and transport for microbiological diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is an air-dried smear of vaginal secretions, promptly heat- or alcohol-fixed, Gram-stained and scored by Nugent's criteria.OBJECTIVE: Two alternative methods are evaluated: sending a swab in transport medium to be smeared and Gram-stained in the laboratory two days later; and sending a smear of vaginal secretions sprayed with cytological fixative to the laboratory for Gram staining seven days later.PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-two women aged 18 years and older who attended a hospital colposcopy clinic or a community healthy sexuality clinic were studied. This was a prospective study: three vaginal swabs were taken from each patient and handled as described above. Each slide was blindly and independently interpreted by two microbiology technologists. The sensitivity, specificity and coefficient of agreement of the transported swab and cytologically fixed methods were compared with the air-dried smear method.RESULTS: Smears from swabs in transport medium and cytologically fixed smears both had 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity for bacterial vaginosis compared with diagnosis from air-dried smears. Cohen's kappa was 0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.97) for each method. Inter-rater reliability assessed over all slides (all sampling techniques) was excellent (kappa 0.94).CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, both alternative techniques provide results equivalent to air-dried direct smears. A vaginal smear sprayed with cytological fixative provides immediate fixation of material to the slide, permits delays in swab transport and avoids the requirement for transport at a controlled temperature imposed by swabs.

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ÖZDEMIR SALCI, E. S., G. GONCAGÜL, and V. İPEK. "Comparison of the Vaginal Cytological and Microbiological Results in the Detection of Normal Microflora of Pregnant." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 3 (January 29, 2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15474.

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The aim of this study was to carry out a cytological and microbiological comparative investigation of vaginal microflora in pregnant ewes. The subjects for the study comprised of 39 healthy curly fleeced breed ewes (n=39), approximately 3 years old, at 2-4 months of pregnancy. Two vaginal samples were taken for cytological and microbiological examinations from each ewe in a sterile manner. Hemacolor® was used in cytological examination, while microbiological analysis were completed by conventional techniques. In cytological examination, slides were evaluated to detect lactobacilli, other bacteria, “clue cell” formation and presence of neutrophils. Microbiological investigation was carried out to detect possible pathogens. Cytological results compatible with bacterial vaginosis were obtained in 10 cases. Microbiologically, single type bacteria in 27 cases and more than one bacterium in 12 cases were isolated. The most common isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli. Comparing the cytological and microbiological results, 7 out of 27 cases were compatible with the bacterial vaginosis. In 3 cases of bacterial vaginosis non-pathogenic agents were revealed. In conclusion, it was proven that utilising the cytological examination provides more reliable results for detection of normal vaginal microflora of pregnant ewes.

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Agarwal, Saumya, and Mamta Gupta. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Cytological Sampling Techniques by Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): A354–361. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.1720.

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Buzzi, Giulia, Matteo Gambini, Camilla Recordati, Valeria Grieco, Damiano Stefanello, Roberta Ferrari, Clarissa Zamboni, Martina Manfredi, and Chiara Giudice. "Cytological Quantification of Nodal Mast Cells in Dogs Affected by Non-Neoplastic Condition and Mast Cell Tumor Using Different Sample Preparation Techniques: An Explorative Study." Animals 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2023): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162634.

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Cytological evaluation of lymph nodes (LN) in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT) has a key role in MCT staging. However, cytological discrimination between metastatic and reactive LNs is debated and diagnostic criteria inconsistent. The aim of this study was to retrospectively quantify nodal mast cells (MCs) in non-oncological (NOD) and MCT-bearing dogs (MCTBD), using different sample preparation techniques, to evaluate the significance of the MCT number. Cytological specimens from NOD-LNs (10 fine-needle aspirates—FNAs) and MCTBD-LNs (10 FNAs, 10 scrapings, 10 touch imprints) were evaluated. MCTBD-LNs were grouped in: non-metastatic, possibly-metastatic, and metastatic based on current literature criteria. MCs were counted in 4, 8, and 20 high-power-fields, and over 500, 1000, and 2000 total cells. MCs were significantly more numerous in MCTBD-LNs than in NOD-LNs and in “metastatic” samples than in “non-metastatic”. There was no significant difference between “metastatic” and “possibly metastatic” samples. Sample preparation techniques did not influence these results. A negative correlation between MCs number and sample cellularity was observed. Results were confirmed regardless of the counting method applied. MCs counting per se cannot distinguish possibly metastatic and metastatic cytological samples. Sample preparation technique and the counting method applied seem to have no influence on cytological quantification of nodal MCs in MCTBDs.

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Inbasekaran, Poovizhi, and Ramaswamy Anikode Subramanian. "A comparative study of cytological processing techniques in hemorrhagic effusion." Cytojournal 19 (July 11, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_14_2021.

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Objectives: Fluids are one the most common specimens received in cytology laboratories. The presence of erythrocytes may obscure the cells in the smears, making the diagnosis, and identification of cells difficult. Many techniques are being used by laboratories to eliminate these erythrocytes. The present study was undertaken to improve the quality of cytology smears of hemorrhagic samples by comparing three different techniques, namely, Carnoy’s fixative (CF), modified CF, and normal saline rehydration technique (NSRT) to hemolysis red blood cells (RBC) present in the smear background for better cytological assessment. The present study was a prospective study done over 1 year 6 months from November 2012 to March 2014, in the Department of Pathology in a Tertiary Care Rural Medical College. Materials and Methods: All hemorrhagic effusions received in the department of pathology were processed using CF, modified CF, and NSRT. The background of the smear and cytomorphological details with two different stains was analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different techniques in the reduction of RBC. Results: More than 60% reduction of RBCs in the smear was noted in 85.40%, 14.60%, and 15.60% by NSRT, modified CF, and CF, respectively. Staining was better and nuclear features were best preserved in NSRT. Conclusion: NSRT is the best, simple, and cheaper technique to lyse RBC in the hemorrhagic fluid. It also shows better staining and well-preserved cytomorphological features of the cell.

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Gopinath, B., and B. R. Gupta. "Classification of Thyroid Carcinoma in FNAB Cytological Microscopic Images." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 2 (April 2010): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2010040107.

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This paper investigates an image classification method performing thyroid carcinoma classification in Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy cytological images of thyroid nodules under noise conditions and varying staining conditions. The segmentation method combines the image processing techniques thresholding and mathematical morphology. Feature extraction and classification are carried out by discrete wavelet transform and Euclidean distance based on k-nearest neighbor classifier, respectively. The classification methodology is successfully tested for Papillary carcinoma and Medullary carcinoma cytological images of thyroid nodules, showing promising results, encouraging future research work. The maximum classification rate of 95.84% and minimum classification rate of 79.17% have been reported for various testing sets of FNAB cytological images of thyroid nodules.

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Dimauro, Giovanni, Vitoantonio Bevilacqua, Pio Fina, Domenico Buongiorno, Antonio Brunetti, Sergio Latrofa, Michele Cassano, and Matteo Gelardi. "Comparative Analysis of Rhino-Cytological Specimens with Image Analysis and Deep Learning Techniques." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060952.

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Cytological study of the nasal mucosa (also known as rhino-cytology) represents an important diagnostic aid that allows highlighting of the presence of some types of rhinitis through the analysis of cellular features visible under a microscope. Nowadays, the automated detection and classification of cells benefit from the capacity of deep learning techniques in processing digital images of the cytological preparation. Even though the results of such automatic systems need to be validated by a specialized rhino-cytologist, this technology represents a valid support that aims at increasing the accuracy of the analysis while reducing the required time and effort. The quality of the rhino-cytological preparation, which is clearly important for the microscope observation phase, is also fundamental for the automatic classification process. In fact, the slide-preparing technique turns out to be a crucial factor among the multiple ones that may modify the morphological and chromatic characteristics of the cells. This paper aims to investigate the possible differences between direct smear (SM) and cytological centrifugation (CYT) slide-preparation techniques, in order to preserve image quality during the observation and cell classification phases in rhino-cytology. Firstly, a comparative study based on image analysis techniques has been put forward. The extraction of densitometric and morphometric features has made it possible to quantify and describe the spatial distribution of the cells in the field images observed under the microscope. Statistical analysis of the distribution of these features has been used to evaluate the degree of similarity between images acquired from SM and CYT slides. The results prove an important difference in the observation process of the cells prepared with the above-mentioned techniques, with reference to cell density and spatial distribution: the analysis of CYT slides has been more difficult than of the SM ones due to the spatial distribution of the cells, which results in a lower cell density than the SM slides. As a marginal part of this study, a performance assessment of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system called Rhino-cyt has also been carried out on both groups of image slide types.

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Hanselaar, A. G. J. M. "Additional Techniques in Serous Effusions." Analytical Cellular Pathology 24, no. 1 (2002): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/376731.

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Cytological examination is a valuable diagnostic tool in case of a serous effusion. The firstmanifestation of malignancy may be an effusion of the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal cavity, especially in carcinoma of the ovary, or lung, and malignant mesothelioma. In other malignancies effusions may occur in the course of the disease. The contribution by Motherby et al. in this issue of ACP focuses on the contribution of image and flow cytometry to establish the presence or absence of malignancy in serous effusions [16]. They point out that the sensitivity of DNA image cytometry in equivocal effusions may be as high as 87.5%, and that for the detection of malignancy, DNA image cytometry is superior to flow cytometry.

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Frankel, Diane, Isabelle Nanni, L’Houcine Ouafik, Clara Camilla, Eric Pellegrino, Nathalie Beaufils, Laurent Greillier, et al. "Comparison between Immunocytochemistry, FISH and NGS for ALK and ROS1 Rearrangement Detection in Cytological Samples." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 10556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810556.

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The detection of ROS1 and ALK rearrangements is performed for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Several techniques can be used on cytological samples, such as immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and, more recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS), which is gradually becoming the gold standard. We performed a retrospective study to compare ALK and ROS1 rearrangement results from immunocytochemistry, FISH and NGS methods from 131 cytological samples. Compared to NGS, the sensitivity and specificity of ICC were 0.79 and 0.91, respectively, for ALK, and 1 and 0.87 for ROS1. Regarding FISH, the sensitivity and specificity were both at 1 for ALK and ROS1 probes. False-positive cases obtained by ICC were systematically corrected by FISH. When using ICC and FISH techniques, results are very close to NGS. The false-positive cases obtained by ICC are corrected by FISH, and the true-positive cases are confirmed. NGS has the potential to improve the detection of ALK and ROS1 rearrangements in cytological samples; however, the cost of this technique is still much higher than the sequential use of ICC and FISH.

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Savostikova, M. V., N. N. Volchenko, I. G. Rusakov, O. V. Borisova, M. P. Golovashchenko, M. V. Savostikova, N. N. Volchenko, I. G. Rusakov, O. V. Borisova, and M. P. Golovashchenko. "Cytological and molecular cytogenetic investigations the diagnosis of bladder cancer." Russian Journal of Oncology 16, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/onco39888.

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The introduction of a method for molecular genetic analysis into clinical practice extends the possibilities of diagnosing bladder cancer in its early stage. The paper gives the results of urine cytological and cytogenetic investigations in patients with bladder cancer. Forty-four cytological examinations and 25 cytogenetic ones were made. The results of both techniques in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma coincided in 12 cases. However, bladder carcinoma was verified only by molecular genetic analysis in 2 cases.

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Morales, Allan Argueta, Laura Garcia Tobar, Guillermo García-Porrero, Ramón Soldevilla, Jose Ignacio Echeveste, and Maria D. Lozano. "Cytological Diagnosis of Lymphomas: Sample Management and Use of Ancillary Techniques." Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology 10, no. 5 (September 2021): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2021.07.066.

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De Luca, Caterina, Gianluca Gragnano, Pasquale Pisapia, Elena Vigliar, Umberto Malapelle, Claudio Bellevicine, and Giancarlo Troncone. "EGFR mutation detection on lung cancer cytological specimens by the novel fully automated PCR-based Idylla EGFR Mutation Assay." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 4 (August 19, 2016): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203989.

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AimsIn everyday practice, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing is centralised in referral laboratories that receive paucicellular cytological specimens. Ideally, EGFR testing should be carried out in the centre where the patient is diagnosed such that the most cellular slide can be selected from in-house collected cytological material. However, available techniques are little standardised and difficult to be implemented in settings with little expertise in molecular testing. The Idylla EGFR prototype assay is a rapid and fully automated test which may easily be adopted by a wider number of pathological centres. This study assessed whether an Idylla EGFR prototype assay can be reliably applied to cytological lung cancer specimens.MethodsThe limit of detection (LOD) of the Idylla EGFR prototype assay was assessed by cell line dilution studies. A total of 10 ng was directly placed inside an Idylla EGFR prototype assay cartridge. Idylla results were compared with fragment length (exon 19 del) and Taqman assays.ResultsThe Idylla EGFR prototype assay showed an LOD of 1% mutant allele and yielded valid results in 74/76 (97.3%) samples, detecting all the mutant cases (n=32) identified by standard techniques; in addition, Idylla detected two low abundance EGFR exon 19 deletions and two G719X exon 18 point mutations, not covered by our standard reference method.ConclusionsIdylla EGFR prototype assay is sensitive on extracted DNA and can reliably be applied on cytological samples, enabling implementation of EGFR testing even in less experienced diagnostic units.

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Martí, Alba, Anna Serrano, Josep Pastor, Teresa Rigau, Ugné Petkevičiuté, Maria Àngels Calvo, Esteban Leonardo Arosemena, et al. "Endometrial Status in Queens Evaluated by Histopathology Findings and Two Cytological Techniques: Low-Volume Uterine Lavage and Uterine Swabbing." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010088.

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Endometritis is associated with fertility problems in many species, with endometrial biopsy being the main diagnostic tool. In feline queens, the reduced size of the uterus may make it difficult to obtain representative diagnostic samples. Endometrial cytology may represent a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating the health status of the endometrium in queens. Fifty domestic shorthair queens were included and divided into two cytological diagnostic technique groups, the uterine lavage (UL; n = 28) and uterine swabbing (US; n = 22) groups. Cytological results were compared with histopathological and bacteriological information. Changes in the histopathological patterns were also evaluated and compared with progesterone levels to confirm previous published data. Furthermore, the results from both cytological sampling methods were compared to evaluate the utility of each method. Endometritis was ruled out in all queens by means of histology and microbiology. Leukocyte counts and red blood cell/endometrial cell ratios were significantly higher in US than UL samples. Additionally, UL sampling is less affected by blood contamination and cells are better preserved. The combination of endometrial cytology and uterine culture might be useful for evaluating the endometrial characteristics in queens. The UL evaluation method is more representative of the actual endometrial status than the US technique.

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Dresser, M. E., and C. N. Giroux. "Meiotic chromosome behavior in spread preparations of yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.3.567.

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Chromosome behavior in meiosis is well characterized from cytological and genetic descriptions but little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms, largely because no one experimental system has been developed to support an integrated application of modern cytological, genetic, and molecular biological methods. To combine efficient analyses of meiotic chromosome structure and function in a single organism, we have extended to yeast methods for making spread preparations of nuclei. Features of yeast meiosis that parallel meiosis in large eukaryotes, such as bouquet formation and prophase chromosome condensation that occurs in concert with synaptonemal complex formation, are evident for the first time. The ability to analyze large numbers of nuclei at the light and electron microscopes in preparations amenable to a variety of cytological and immunocytological techniques will facilitate the description of meiosis at the molecular level in yeast.

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Vielh, Philippe, Zsofia Balogh, Voichita Suciu, Catherine Richon, Bastien Job, Guillaume Meurice, Alexander Valent, et al. "DNA FISH Diagnostic Assay on Cytological Samples of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasms." Cancers 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2020): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092529.

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Although fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is helpful in determining whether thyroid nodules are benign or malignant, this distinction remains a cytological challenge in follicular neoplasms. Identification of genomic alterations in cytological specimens with direct and routine techniques would therefore have great clinical value. A series of 153 cases consisting of 72 and 81 histopathologically confirmed classic follicular adenomas (cFAs) and classic follicular thyroid carcinomas (cFTCs), respectively, was studied by means of different molecular techniques in three different cohorts of patients (pts). In the first cohort (training set) of 66 pts, three specific alterations characterized by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) were exclusively found in half of cFTCs. These structural abnormalities corresponded to losses of 1p36.33-35.1 and 22q13.2-13.31, and gain of whole chromosome X. The second independent cohort (validation set) of 60 pts confirmed these data on touch preparations of frozen follicular neoplasms by triple DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization using selected commercially available probes. The third cohort, consisting of 27 archived cytological samples from an equal number of pts that had been obtained for preoperative FNAC and morphologically classified as and histologically verified to be follicular neoplasms, confirmed our previous findings and showed the feasibility of the DNA FISH (DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization) assay. All together, these data suggest that our triple DNA FISH diagnostic assay may detect 50% of cFTCs with a specificity higher than 98% and be useful as a low-cost adjunct to cytomorphology to help further classify follicular neoplasms on already routinely stained cytological specimens.

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Fernández Aceñero, M. Jesús, M. Vázquez, J. M. Esteban, Guillermo García Diego, and Cristina Díaz del Arco. "Influence of the Histopathological Features of the Lesion on the Diagnostic Yield of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pancreatic Solid Lesions." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 4 (2018): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488383.

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Objective: The rate of pancreatic lesions has increased in recent decades due to the widespread use of advanced imaging techniques. Nowadays, a significant proportion of cases are incidentally discovered in asymptomatic patients and cytology is an important tool for the diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of these cases. Study Design: In this study we retrospectively review the experience with pancreatic fine-needle aspiration cytology in the last 17 years at a single large tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain. Results: Our results indicate that more than 60% of pancreatic malignant lesions are cytologically confirmed before surgery and 30% of the patients are asymptomatic. Despite this, we have noted that the total number of malignant lesions surgically resected in our hospital has basically remained unchanged over the years, because incidental diagnosis is not always synonymous with resectability and a substantial number of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Our series also shows an increase in the number of neuroendocrine tumors, which now represent almost 20% of all cytological diagnoses at our hospital. The sensitivity in our series is 70% and the false negative rate remains 30%, despite sample quality control by experienced cytologists and standardized technical conditions. Fibrosis and necrosis are the 2 features of the primary tumor that significantly and negatively influence the accuracy of cytologic diagnosis. Conclusion: We herein report our experience with cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions in a single tertiary hospital. Our results confirm that cytology is a safe, reliable, and important tool for pancreatic lesion diagnosis and management.

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Pouliakis, Abraham, Efrossyni Karakitsou, Charalampos Chrelias, Asimakis Pappas, Ioannis Panayiotides, George Valasoulis, Maria Kyrgiou, Evangelos Paraskevaidis, and Petros Karakitsos. "The Application of Classification and Regression Trees for the Triage of Women for Referral to Colposcopy and the Estimation of Risk for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Study Based on 1625 Cases with Incomplete Data from Molecular Tests." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/914740.

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Objective. Nowadays numerous ancillary techniques detecting HPV DNA and mRNA compete with cytology; however no perfect test exists; in this study we evaluated classification and regression trees (CARTs) for the production of triage rules and estimate the risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in cases with ASCUS+ in cytology.Study Design. We used 1625 cases. In contrast to other approaches we used missing data to increase the data volume, obtain more accurate results, and simulate real conditions in the everyday practice of gynecologic clinics and laboratories. The proposed CART was based on the cytological result, HPV DNA typing, HPV mRNA detection based on NASBA and flow cytometry, p16 immunocytochemical expression, and finally age and parous status.Results. Algorithms useful for the triage of women were produced; gynecologists could apply these in conjunction with available examination results and conclude to an estimation of the risk for a woman to harbor CIN expressed as a probability.Conclusions. The most important test was the cytological examination; however the CART handled cases with inadequate cytological outcome and increased the diagnostic accuracy by exploiting the results of ancillary techniques even if there were inadequate missing data. The CART performance was better than any other single test involved in this study.

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Echeveste, Jose I., Tania Labiano, Eva Tejerina, Allan Argueta, Carlos de Andrea, and Maria D. Lozano. "Challenges of ICC and FISH in the Field of Targeted Therapies from Cell Block to Smears." Journal of Molecular Pathology 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmp2020006.

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In the era of personalized medicine, there is an increasing demand for comprehensive and complex diagnosis using minimally invasive techniques. Nowadays, it is mandatory to integrate biomarkers in the diagnostic process, as well as in the treatment and clinical management of many cancer patients. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for instance, are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages, at a point when only cytological material or small biopsies can be obtained. This pathology constitutes an interesting challenge for the testing of biomarkers in cytology. Furthermore, there is a growing development of imaging techniques that guide non-invasive approaches to obtain small biopsies or cytological samples. This has allowed fine needle aspiration cytology and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAC, FNAB) to become front-line procedures in the management of patients with NSCLC. It is well known that the list of biomarkers to be tested in these patients continues to increase. Nevertheless, there are several of essential biomarkers that should always be analyzed in all patients with NSCLC, not only in non-squamous but also in some squamous carcinomas (SqCC). Some of them, such as PDL1, are tested by immunocytochemistry (ICC), while others, mainly ALK and ROS1, can be tested by ICC and confirmed using other techniques such a Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Other biomarkers, namely EGFR and BRAF mutations, are currently evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques including Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). In this review, we will address the particularities and challenges that ICC and FISH pose in different types of cytological samples from an eminently practical point of view.

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Choi, Nellie, Heather D. Edginton, Craig E. Griffin, and John C. Angus. "Comparison of two ear cytological collection techniques in dogs with otitis externa." Veterinary Dermatology 29, no. 5 (August 14, 2018): 413—e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vde.12664.

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Linari, A., and G. Bussolati. "Evaluation of impact of immunocytochemical techniques in cytological diagnosis of neoplastic effusions." Journal of Clinical Pathology 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.42.11.1184.

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Szarewski, A., J. Cuzick, M. Nayagam, and R. N. Thin. "A comparison of four cytological sampling techniques in a genitourinary medicine clinic." Sexually Transmitted Infections 66, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.66.6.439.

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Devi, SS, JG Ajith, B. Dhanush Krishna, KS Prasanna, G. Radhika, and KD John Martin. "Comparative Analysis of Cytological and Histological Grading Techniques in Canine Mammary Carcinomas." Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asvs.2023.05.0749.

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van Huizen, Laura M. G., Max Blokker, Yael Rip, Mitko Veta, Kirsten A. Mooij Kalverda, Peter I. Bonta, Jan Willem Duitman, and Marie Louise Groot. "Leukocyte differentiation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids using higher harmonic generation microscopy and deep learning." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 27, 2023): e0279525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279525.

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Background In diseases such as interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), patient diagnosis relies on diagnostic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and biopsies. Immunological BALF analysis includes differentiation of leukocytes by standard cytological techniques that are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Studies have shown promising leukocyte identification performance on blood fractions, using third harmonic generation (THG) and multiphoton excited autofluorescence (MPEF) microscopy. Objective To extend leukocyte differentiation to BALF samples using THG/MPEF microscopy, and to show the potential of a trained deep learning algorithm for automated leukocyte identification and quantification. Methods Leukocytes from blood obtained from three healthy individuals and one asthma patient, and BALF samples from six ILD patients were isolated and imaged using label-free microscopy. The cytological characteristics of leukocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages, in terms of cellular and nuclear morphology, and THG and MPEF signal intensity, were determined. A deep learning model was trained on 2D images and used to estimate the leukocyte ratios at the image-level using the differential cell counts obtained using standard cytological techniques as reference. Results Different leukocyte populations were identified in BALF samples using label-free microscopy, showing distinctive cytological characteristics. Based on the THG/MPEF images, the deep learning network has learned to identify individual cells and was able to provide a reasonable estimate of the leukocyte percentage, reaching >90% accuracy on BALF samples in the hold-out testing set. Conclusions Label-free THG/MPEF microscopy in combination with deep learning is a promising technique for instant differentiation and quantification of leukocytes. Immediate feedback on leukocyte ratios has potential to speed-up the diagnostic process and to reduce costs, workload and inter-observer variations.

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Srivani, Dr Saravanan, Dr Mourouguessine Vimal, Dr Jayanthi Chandran, and Dr Rajkumar Subramaniam. "Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma – A Rare Challenging Cytological Diagnosis." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i08.017.

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Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is a rare multicentric malignant tumour of the peritoneal cavity often morphologically indistinguishable from primary ovarian serous carcinoma and carcinoma of the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube. A correct differential diagnosis of PPC is highly challenging. The current case report describes the case of PPC in a 70 year old female presented with abdominal distension and elevated CA 125 levels. The case report highlights the importance of high index of suspicion, role of cytology and imaging techniques in the diagnosis of this rare entity.

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Putova, M. V., K. K. Noskova, B. A. Pomortsev, N. E. Semenov, and R. E. Izrailov. "CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF INTRAOPERATIVE PERITONEAL WASHES IN GASTRIC CANCER." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-4-225-228.

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Diagnosis of peritoneal microcanceromatosis is the most important task allowing to determine treatment strategy for patients with stomach cancer. Laparoscopy combined with peritoneal flushing and subsequent cytological examination should be performed to detect the peritoneal microcanceromatosis at the preoperative stage. The objective of this work was to improve cytological diagnostics of peritoneal washings using immunocytochemical techniques and the cell block method. The work was carried out on the basis of 276 surgical peritoneal washings in patients with stomach cancer who were on treatment in the department of high-tech surgery of the Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution named after Loginov A.S. from June 2016 to June 2018. As a result, the optimal panel of monoclonal antibodies (Ber-EP4, CEA, CK20) was chosen, which increased the sensitivity from 52% to 96% and the specificity of cytological diagnosis from 80% to 98%, and the overall accuracy of the method from 67% to 98%.

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Alvaro Paul, Moina Veloz, and Cumanda Elizabeth Endara Arias. "Promising role of molecular biomarkers in cytological samples for early detection of cervical cancer: a systematic review." Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias 2 (December 25, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2023594.

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Introduction: Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable disease. Early detection is crucial for improving patient prognosis and quality of life. The Pap smear has limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Molecular biomarkers in cytological samples can improve early detection. Method: A literature review was conducted on the evaluation of molecular biomarkers in cytological samples for the early detection of cervical cancer. Studies were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: We identified 6 studies that evaluated various molecular biomarkers, including HPV DNA, DNA methylation, miRNAs, and proteins. The studies demonstrated that molecular biomarkers have a higher sensitivity and specificity than the Pap smear for detecting cervical cancer. Conclusion: The evaluation of molecular biomarkers in cytological samples is a promising tool for the early detection of cervical cancer. Further research is needed to standardize detection techniques, validate their clinical utility in different populations and contexts, and reduce the cost of testing.

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Arezzo, Francesca, Vera Loizzi, Daniele La Forgia, Adam Abdulwakil Kawosha, Erica Silvestris, Viviana Cataldo, Claudio Lombardi, et al. "The Role of Ultrasound Guided Sampling Procedures in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Masses: A Narrative Review of the Literature." Diagnostics 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122204.

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Ultrasound-guided sampling methods are usually minimally invasive techniques applied to obtain cytological specimens or tissue samples, mainly used for the diagnosis of different types of tumors. The main benefits of ultrasound guidance is its availability. It offers high flexibility in the choice of sampling approach (transabdominal, transvaginal, and transrectal) and short duration of procedure. Ultrasound guided sampling of pelvic masses represents the diagnostic method of choice in selected patients. We carried out a narrative review of literatures regarding the ultrasound-guided methods of cytological and histological evaluation of pelvic masses as well as the positive and negative predictors for the achievement of an adequate sample.

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Starovoitova, R., and T. Lichman. "EXPERT POSSIBILITIES OF FORENSIC CYTOLOGY INVESTIGATION IN FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF MATERIAL EVIDENCE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.73.

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The article presents the history of the development and implementation of forensic cytological research methods in the practice of conducting forensic examinations of material evidence in the forensic examination bureau of Ukraine. The modern possibilities of forensic cytology methods for solving investigative issues in solving crimes against human life and health are shown in the article. Due to the fact, that the object of study of expert cytologists and expert geneticists is the same substance, namely, nuclear cells of different tissues and organs, blood leukocytes, epithelial cells of saliva, vagina, rectum, sperm, and cells of the outer root vagina hair – forensic cytological studies necessitate the preservation of nuclear cells for further genetic analysis. To this end, the staff of the Forensic Cytology Department of the Main Bureau of Forensic Examination developed a method for the preparation of cytological preparations using an ultrasonic water bath, which allows increasing the number of cellular elements extracted. At the same time, the specialists of the Odesa Regional Bureau of Forensic Examination introduced a technique for conducting molecular genetic analysis of nucleated cells in cytological preparations. Such techniques allow, even with a very small amount of biomaterial, to answer most of the questions posed by the investigator to the expert.

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Bor, Renáta, Béla Vasas, Anna Fábián, Mónika Szűcs, Zsófia Bősze, Anita Bálint, Mariann Rutka, et al. "Risk Factors and Interpretation of Inconclusive Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Solid Pancreatic Lesions." Diagnostics 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2023): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172841.

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Background: The inconclusive cytological findings of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) remain a major clinical challenge and often lead to treatment delays. Methods: Patients who had undergone EUS-FNA sampling for solid pancreas lesions between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The “atypical” and “non-diagnostic” categories of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System were considered inconclusive and the “negative for malignancy” category of malignancy was suspected clinically. We determined the frequency and predictors of inconclusive cytological finding. Results: A total of 473 first EUS-FNA samples were included, of which 108 cases (22.83%) were inconclusive. Significant increases in the odds of inconclusive cytological findings were observed for lesions with a benign final diagnosis (OR 11.20; 95% CI 6.56–19.54, p < 0.001) as well as with the use of 25 G FNA needles (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.09–4.01, p = 0.023) compared to 22 G needles. Furthermore, the use of a single EUS-FNA technique compared to the combined use of slow-pull and standard suction techniques (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.06–2.70, p = 0.027) and less than three punctures per procedure led to an elevation in the risk of inconclusive cytology (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.49–4.14, p < 0.001). Risk reduction in inconclusive cytology findings was observed in lesions between 2–4 cm (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.23–0.68, p = 0.001) and >4 cm (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.08–0.31, p < 0.001) compared to lesions ≤2 cm. Conclusions: The more than two punctures per EUS-FNA sampling with larger-diameter needle (19 G or 22 G) using the slow-pull and standard suction techniques in combination may decrease the probability of inconclusive cytological findings.

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Munkhtuul, Ts, A. Altanchimeg, Neil Dyer, and S. Nansalmaa. "A RESULT OF THE STUDY ON CANINE TUMORS IN ULAANBAATAR CITY." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 22, 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v13i2.507.

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There are some studies available on the value of cytologic examination as a diagnostic method for tumors in dogs. Therefore objectives of this study were to determine whether cytologic findings in fine-needle aspirate specimens of canine tumors correlate with histopathologic results and to find out most common tumor in dog. Information was collected from dog owners and vets according to a questionnaire, a patho-morphologic investigation of tumors was done by using cytological(Fine Needle Aspirate)and histological (MNS 5451:2005)techniques, and the gathered information was analysed. In total of 33 canine (Canis Lupus familiaris) tumor cases were found in chosen vet clinics during the time between Dec 2013 and Aug 2014. The results of histopathological, cytologicaland physical examinations revealed that 27 cases (93.1%) were a benign tumor. And maximum incidence of tumors was mammary adenoma (31%), followed by skin fibroma (27.6%), peri anal adenoma (13.8%), testicular adenoma (10.3%), soft tissue sarcoma (6.9 %), and prostate tumor, lipoma and TVT (3.4% each).Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 13-18

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Malapelle, Umberto, Caterina de Luca, Elena Vigliar, Francesca Ambrosio, Danilo Rocco, Pasquale Pisapia, Claudio Bellevicine, and Giancarlo Troncone. "EGFR mutation detection on routine cytological smears of non-small cell lung cancer by digital PCR: a validation study." Journal of Clinical Pathology 69, no. 5 (February 18, 2016): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203429.

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Highly sensitive genotyping techniques are useful to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations on lung cancer cytological samples, when these specimens feature only few neoplastic cells. This study aimed to validate digital PCR (dPCR) methodology on cytological material. In plasmid model system, dPCR allowed for the detection of a minimal percentage (1%) of EGFR mutant alleles. Cytological samples (n=30), with neoplastic cell percentage ranging from 10% to 80% and yielding a quantity of extracted DNA ranging from 1.75 to 60 ng/µL were selected. Results previously generated by fragment length and TaqMan assays (n=8 exon 19 deletions, n=2 L858R mutations and n=20 wild-type DNA) were compared with those obtained by dPCR. Data were highly concordant (96.6%). However, dPCR detected an additional L858R mutation that had been missed by TaqMan assay on a paucicellular smear. This mutation was confirmed by cloning PCR products and sequencing. Thus, dPCR can reliably be used to increase EGFR mutation detection rate on scarcely cellular lung cancer smears.

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Musa, U. H., Isa, H., Dasikwo, S. Y., Kabido, A. I., and Abdullahi, M. H. "CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) GERMPLASM." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v6i1.398.

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Germplasm diversity of any crop plays a significant role in the establishment of a successful breeding programme. In this study, five tomato germplasm, namely Roma Savannah, Tima, UTC, Dan Zaria and Tagino were collected from the Nasarawa State College of Agriculture, Lafia were evaluated for their cytological characterization to determine the germplasm cytological karyotyping parameters. The number of chromosomes in all lines was 2n = 24, except for Tagino, in which the number was 2n = 26, whereas chromosome sizes were small, ranging from 322.09 to 461.17µm. The Roma Savannah cultivar was a symmetrical cultivar (primitive), having the highest total form percentage (TF%) and symmetry index (Syi) values and the minimum karyotype asymmetry index (ASK) value, whereas Dan Zaria was asymmetrical (advanced) which makes it a superior germplasm among the other five evaluated. On the whole, the application of cytological techniques could be considered as a means to provide suitable parameters for studying the evolution of the genetic divergence between the studied tomato lines which can aid in preserving genetic resources in gene banks and improving new cultivars in breeding systems.

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CV, Ilodibia. "Evaluation of Cytological and Morphological Characteristics of S. aethiopicum Var “Anara Adazi” Found in Anambra State." Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000119.

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Solanum aethiopicum L. var “anara Adazi” is a yearly shrub in the family Solanaceae. It is produced for its edible fruits which are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. In our locality, S. aethiopicum var “anara Adazi” is both nutritionally and medicinally important. But its morphological and basic mitotic and meiotic chromosomal counts are yet to be evaluated. This study was carried out to investigate the mitotic and meiotic chromosome counts and the external features of S. aethiopicum with regards to cytological and morphological characteristics. Mitotic and meiotic cytological study was done using the root tip and flower buds squash techniques, respectively. Morphological study was done by optical observations and use of hand lens to magnify those parts which are quite tiny. The Cytological result revealed the plant to be diploid with mitotic counts of 2n=2x=24 and meiotic chromosome number as n=12. The morphological result revealed among others the habit of the plant to be a fairly woody annual in the temperate or perennial shrub in other regions, leaves are alternately arranged, pinnately veined, and a racemose flower. Cytological studies indicated that the plant’s degree of fertility and viability is high and could be employed in hybridization programme. The overall data are valuable for taxonomic characterization and identification of the plant species in the genus.

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Garg, Shilpa, Sanjay Verma, Rajnish Kalra, Rajeev Sen, and Puja Sharma. "Comparative analysis of fibreoptic bronchoscope aided cytohistological techniques in diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of lung." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230579.

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Background: Morbidity and mortality from chronic lung diseases are increasing worldwide. A combination of various cytological and histopathological techniques are required for the high diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to evaluate and compare diagnostic accuracy of fiberoptic bronchoscope aided cytohistological techniques such as BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), TBNA (Transbronchoscopic needle aspiration) and FB (forceps biopsy) in diseases of lung. Method: A prospective study conducted on 100 patients with symptoms and signs of various respiratory diseases who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Diagnostic accuracy of various samples alone and in combination were analysed. Results: Sensitivity of BAL-24%, TBNA 64% and FB 66%. Addition of BAL to FB increased the sensitivity to 69%. Addition of BAL to TBNA increased the sensitivity to 70%. Sensitivity of cytological methods (FB and TBNA) 90%. Addition of both BAL and TBNA to FB increased overall senstivity to 93%. FB the most specific amongst the three techniques with specificity of 94% followed by TBNA (59.4%) and BAL (50%). Conclusions: There are variable results regarding diagnostic yields and utilities of various fibre-optic bronchoscope aided cytohistological techniques but there combination adds the yields. Thus a combination of various cytohistological samples should be taken in a patient undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination to increase the diagnostic yield, to cut short the diagnostic time and early start of treatment.

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De Luca, Caterina, Elena Vigliar, Melania d’Anna, Pasquale Pisapia, Claudio Bellevicine, Umberto Malapelle, and Giancarlo Troncone. "KRAS detection on archival cytological smears by the novel fully automated polymerase chain reaction-based Idylla mutation test." CytoJournal 14 (February 24, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.200936.

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Background: Molecular techniques are relevant to modern cytopathology, but their implementation is difficult without molecular expertise and infrastructure. The assessment of KRAS mutational status on cytological preparations may be useful either to refine uncertain diagnoses on pancreatic aspirates or to yield predictive information to plan targeted treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The novel test Idylla™ enables fully automated KRAS genotyping in approximately 2 h, even in less experienced hands. Materials and Methods: This study aims to validate this methodology to detect KRAS mutations on archival cytological preparations of pancreatic cancer (n = 9) and mCRC (n = 9) by comparing the Idylla™ performance to that of standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The same 11 mutations (n = 4: p.G12D; n = 2: p.G12V; n = 2: p.A59E/G/T; n = 1: p.G12R; n = 1: p.G13D; n = 1: p.Q61H) were detected by both techniques. Conclusion: Even in less experienced laboratories, a cytopathologist may easily integrate morphological diagnostic report with accurate KRAS mutation detection, which is relevant for diagnostic and treatment decisions.

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Sharma, Rohit, Sufian Zaheer, and Charanjeet Ahluwalia. "Diagnostic utility of conventional and liquid-based cytology in the management of thyroid lesions; an institutional experience." Cytojournal 19 (June 7, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_34_2021.

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Objectives: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is becoming a useful method in evaluating both gynecological and nongynecological preparations. Many studies have been conducted these days to see the quality of LBC in diagnosing thyroid lesions and its role is yet to be standardized. This study has been done to pick the cytomorphological features of thyroid lesions on LBC and to compare them with the conventional cytology of these lesions.The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology processed by LBC as compared to conventional smears. Material and Methods: A prospective study has been done on 53 cases of thyroid lesions using standard conventional and LBC techniques. Results: In most of the cases, the cytological features are similar in conventional cytology smears and LBC, but the colloid film and the lymphocytic component show a clear picture on direct smears, whereas nuclear and cytoplasmic details are better evaluated in LBC slides. The preservative solution used in LBC could be efficiently used for the application of immunocytochemical and molecular techniques. Conclusion: LBC does not represent as a valid alternative to conventional cytology but it can be considered as a diagnostic utility process especially due to the possibility of applying additional techniques which enhance the efficacy of the cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions.

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Yang, Shujuan, Li Peng, Han Bao, and Huiqiao Tian. "Cytological Features of Developing Anthers in Rose Balsam." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 143, no. 2 (March 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04303-17.

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Our goal was to determine the ultrastructure features and the dynamic changes in polysaccharides and neutral lipids in developing anthers of rose balsam (Impatiens balsamina), and to better understand the mechanisms controlling male reproductive development. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used to study the ultrastructural characteristics of the anthers, and histochemical methods were used to determine levels of polysaccharides and lipids. The cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis was simultaneous type, and microspore tetrads were mainly tetrahedral. The pollen exine began to form at the tetrad stage. The mature pollen grains were oval-shaped and bicellular. Accumulation of reserve substances began at the late microsporogenesis stage, and an abundance of starch grains and lipids were stored in pollen grains at anthesis. Polysaccharides and lipids changed in different stages and played an important role in anther development. Moreover, the calcium oxalate crystals may protect the pollen and suggest that calcium distribution is related to anther development.

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Hosmani, Jagadish V., Vidya K. Pujari, Vijayalaxmi S. Kotrashetti, Ramakant S. Nayak, Deepa V. Babji, and Smita M. Patanshetti. "Comparison of the Efficacy of Sediment Cytology over Oral Brush Cytology in Oral Leukoplakia." Acta Cytologica 64, no. 4 (October 8, 2019): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503216.

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Introduction: A method called sediment cytology includes the investigation of smears arranged from the sediment of the biopsy specimen fixatives. The sediment from this fixative is used to prepare smears and provides a potentially rich source for cytological material. Investigation of the fixative sediment and understanding of the cytological picture with pertinent clinical and radiological information permits diagnosis in a few hours. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of sediment cytology and oral brush cytology compared with histopathological findings in oral leukoplakia (OL) cases. Methods: Cytological smears were obtained from 30 clinically diagnosed OL lesions using 2 techniques: oral cytobrush and 10% formalin fixative sedimentation. Both smears were stained with Papanicolaou. Cytological smear evaluation was conducted with respect to cellularity, cell distribution, cellular clumping, and the presence of blood, debris, inflammatory cells, and microbial colonies. The cytopathological scores for all cases were compared between sediment and brush cytology and correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. For statistical analysis, the κ test and the Wilcoxon matched-pair test were used. Results: The cytobrush technique had a sensitivity of 83.3% for OL cases histopathologically diagnosed as severe dysplasia, while the sediment cytology technique had a sensitivity of 16.6%. For moderate/mild dysplasia cases, the cytobrush technique had a sensitivity of 7.7%, whereas the sediment technique showed no diagnostic sensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the results from the present study, sediment cytology, unlike oral brush cytology, is not a useful screening tool for the preliminary diagnosis of potentially malignant oral lesions.

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Fulciniti, Franco, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Ester Simeone, Patrizia Bove, Simona Losito, Serena Russo, Maria Stella Gallo, and Stefano Greggi. "Nevoid melanoma of the vagina: report of one case diagnosed on thin layer cytological preparations." CytoJournal 4 (July 3, 2007): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-6413-4-14.

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Background Primary melanoma of the vagina is an extremely rare neoplasm with approximately 250 reported cases in the world literature [1–4]. In its amelanotic variant this lesion may raise several differential diagnostic problems in cytological specimens [5]. In this setting, the usage of thin layer cytopathological techniques (Liquid Based Preparations = LBP) may enhance the diagnostic sensitivity by permitting immunocytochemical study without having to repeat the sampling procedure. The aim of this paper is to describe the cytomorphological presentation of primary vaginal melanoma on LBP since it has not previously been reported up to now, to our knowledge. Case presentation a 79-y-o female complaining of vulvar itching and yellowish vaginal discharge underwent a complete gynaecological evaluation during which a LBP cytological sample was taken from a suspicious whitish mass protruding into the vaginal lumen. A cytopathological diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma was rendered. The mass was radically excised and the patient was treated with α-Interferon. Conclusion amelanotic melanoma may be successfully diagnosed on LBP cytological preparations. Thin layer preparations may enhance the diagnostic cytomorphological clues to its diagnosis and may permit an adequate immunocytochemical characterization of the neoplasm.

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Firlik, Katrina S., A. Julio Martinez, and L. Dade Lunsford. "Use of cytological preparations for the intraoperative diagnosis of stereotactically obtained brain biopsies: a 19-year experience and survey of neuropathologists." Journal of Neurosurgery 91, no. 3 (September 1999): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.91.3.0454.

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Object. The goals of this study were to analyze the accuracy of cytological techniques, consisting of touch and smear preparations, for the intraoperative diagnosis of stereotactically obtained brain biopsy samples, and to determine the prevalence of the use of these methods among neuropathologists.Methods. A survey regarding preferred methods for intraoperative diagnosis of stereotactically obtained brain biopsy samples was completed by 92 (62%) of 148 neuropathologists. Twenty-three percent of respondents chose frozen-section examination alone; 13% chose one or more cytological methods alone; and the remainder (64%) chose a combination of frozen-section examination and cytology.At the University of Pittsburgh, the neuropathology records for all stereotactic brain biopsies performed from May 1979 through May 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 946 stereotactic brain biopsies, 316 cases were excluded because the intraoperative neuropathological consultation was not recorded. Thirty-five cases were excluded because frozen-section examinations were performed. Therefore, a total of 595 cases were suitable for analysis.Intraoperative cytological investigation correlated with the final diagnosis in 90% of cases (52% complete correlation and 38% partial correlation). In 11% of cases there was no correlation between the intraoperative and final diagnoses. Intraoperative diagnoses were most accurate in cases of abscess, germinoma, lymphoma, metastasis, and malignant glioma.Overall, 91% of biopsy specimens were diagnostic when examined using the paraffin-embedded section technique. The sensitivity of cytological preparations in detecting a diagnostic specimen was 96% and the specificity in detecting a nondiagnostic specimen was 75%.Conclusions. Intraoperative cytological preparations correlated with the final diagnoses in 90% of stereotactic biopsies and had a 96% sensitivity in detecting diagnostic specimens. The highest rate of correlation was noted in cases of abscess, germinoma, lymphoma, metastasis, and malignant glial tumor.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cytological techniques'

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