Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DDX17'
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Lorgeoux, Rene-Pierre. "Multiple roles of DDX17 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119579.
Full textLe virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) est un petit rétrovirus qui dépend fortement de la machinerie cellulaire afin de compléter son cycle de réplication et produire de nouvelles particules virales infectieuses. La complexité de la régulation du cycle de réplication du VIH-1 reflète la diversité des interactions hôte-virus. Les hélicases sont des enzymes impliquées dans toutes les étapes du métabolisme des acides nucléiques, en réarrangeant les complexes ribonucléprotéiques. La compréhension de l'importance des hélicases dans la réplication du VIH-1 a commencé il y a une dizaine d'années. Depuis, plusieurs études ont rapporté les effets stimulateurs ou inhibiteurs de cette famille de protéines sur le VIH-1. Mon projet de thèse était d'investiguer le rôle des hélicases dans la réplication du VIH-1 ; il comprenait deux parties. Premièrement, nous avons supprimé l'expression de 130 hélicases au moyen de shRNAs dans les cellules SupT1. Ce travail nous a permis d'identifier les voies cellulaires majoritairement impliquées dans la réplication du VIH-1, ainsi que 35 hélicases affectant de manière drastique la production virale. Dans un second temps, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser plus en détails au rôle de la protéine DDX17 dans la réplication du VIH-1. En plus d'identifier pour la première fois une hélicase étant requise pour le décalage du cadre de lecture (-1), nous montrons que DDX17 favorise l'encapsidation de l'ARN viral. Considérant que DDX17 agit également en tant que co-facteur de ZAP (protéine antivirale zinc) dans la dégradation des ARNs du VIH-1 par l'exosome, cela souligne le fait que les hélicases sont multifonctionnelles. Finallement, au cours de ce travail nous avons identifié un certain nombre d'hélicase ayant le potentiel de fortement moduler la production du VIH-1. Des études individuelles seront nécessaires afin de mettre à jour les mécanismes responsables de l'effet de chacun des candidats sur la réplication du VIH-1.
Dardenne, Étienne. "Rôle des ARN hélicases Ddx5 et Ddx17 dans la progression tumorale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10048/document.
Full textTumor progression leading to the formation of metastases result from deep modifications of gene expression programs at several levels, including transcription and splicing. During my PhD, I investigated the role in tumor progression of DDX5 and DDX17, two highly related multifunctional DEAD box RNA helicases that are involved in transcription and splicing as well as in microRNA biogenesis. For this purpose, I used two breast cancer models of tumor progression : the 4T1 mouse model composed of cancer cells that exhibit different metastatic properties and MCF10a human cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition upon Tgf-beta treatment, a trans-differentiation process contributes to metastasis formation. In the 4T1 mouse model, I showed that Ddx17 and Ddx5 contribute to tumor-cell invasiveness by controlling both transcriptional and splicing programs. More specifically, I demonstrated that Ddx5 and Ddx17 promote cancer cells aggressiveness by regulating the splicing of the macroH2A1 histone which in turn impacts on the expression of genes implicated in tumor cell invasiveness. In the Tgf-beta induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal trans-differentiation model, I showed that DDX5 and DDX17 dynamically orchestrate transcription, microRNA and splicing programs. The work performed during my PhD highlights the importance of DDX5 and DDX17 RNA helicases as key regulators of tumor progression in breast cancer, and also underlines the role of alternative splicing during tumor progression. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the importance of integrating the different layers of the gene expression process (transcription, splicing, microRNA) for a comprehensive understanding of tumor progression
Ries, Philippe [Verfasser], and Thalia [Akademischer Betreuer] Erbes. "Einfluss von Methadon auf die Genexpression von DDX5 und DDX17 in verschiedenen Brustkrebszelllinien in vitro." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212795881/34.
Full textChapus, Fleur. "Role of the DEAD-box Helicases DDX5 and DDX17 in Hepatitis B Virus RNA processing." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1098.
Full textRole of the DEAD-box helicases DDX5 and DDX17 in HBV transcriptional regulation and RNA processingChronicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection hinges on the persistence of covalently-closed-circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. The viral genome associates with histones and non-histone proteins to build a chromatin structure that is subjected to epigenetic regulation translating into different levels of biological activity. A better understanding of the host factors orchestrating HBV minichromosome transcriptional regulation and RNA processing is fundamental for deciphering the mechanisms at the basis of HBV persistence and reactivation. In order to identify the cellular factors regulating cccDNA biology, an ambitious project of cccDNA proteomics (ChroP) has been initiated by Dr. Barbara Testoni. Among the identified cccDNA-associated proteins, the DEAD-box RNA helicases DDX5 and DDX17 particularly interested us for their driving role in mammalian transcriptional regulation and RNA metabolism. Thus, we investigated their role in cccDNA transcriptional activity regulation and HBV RNA processing. Precise characterization of HBV transcripts was performed with a 5' RACE approach set up and published in our lab by Dr. Bernd Stadelmayer. This technique was applied to study viral transcript in a context of DDX5/17 depletion. Furthermore, DDX5/17 belong to the insulator complex CCCTC-binding protein (CTCF). We therefore investigated the role of CTCF in cccDNA biology and viral RNA metabolism. In HBV infected HepG2-NTCP and Primary Human Hepatocytes, siRNA knockdown of DDX5/17 led to a shortening of all the viral transcripts, together with an increase in viral transcript levels and viral particles accumulation in the cytoplasm, without affecting the global level of cccDNA. Next and third generation sequencing allowed the identification of alternative splicing of pgRNA-derived spliced variants and differential usage of polyadenylation site during HBV RNA transcription. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation of DDX5 and DDX17 revealed that both of these proteins are directly associated to the viral transcripts and recruit two factors, CPSF6 and NUDT21, involved in alternative polyadenylation site choice. Moreover, we identified CTCF binding sites on HBV genome and by site directed mutagenesis we showed that mutations in CTCF binding sites affect CTCF and DDX5/17 recruitment to cccDNA and subsequently impact HBV RNA processing. Altogether, our data highlight an essential role of DDX5 and DDX17 in the fine tuning of HBV RNA processing, in complex with the insulator protein CTCF and termination factors at the interface between cccDNA and HBV transcripts
Ismael, Hala [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Stahl. "Regulation der U3-, U8- und U13snoRNA-Expression durch Ddx5 und Ddx17 / Hala Ismael. Betreuer: Hans Stahl." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066237956/34.
Full textTerrone, Sophie. "Connexion entre organisation 3D du génome et épissage alternatif médiée par les hélicases DDX5 et DDX17." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6n015wq.
Full textAlternative splicing is the mechanism that allows the production of several mRNA isoforms from the same gene, and that concerns the majority of human genes. As it occurs during transcription, both processes are co-regulated. Several recent studies have proposed that the three-dimensional organization of the genome, which regulates transcription, could also have an impact on splicing. DDX5 and DDX17 are two RNA helicases involved in several steps of RNA biogenesis and processing, including transcription and splicing. Notably, previous studies from our lab have shown they are downregulated during cellular differentiation, which contributes to establish specific splicing programs. Moreover, DDX5/17 interact with CTCF and Cohesin that are key regulators of chromatin topology and looping. This suggests a role for DDX5/17 in genome topology, and could suggest their involvement in the cross-talk between 3D organization and splicing. In order to address this question, we first assessed the impact of DDX5/17 on splicing by RNA-Seq and tested the contribution of CTCF and Cohesin on DDX5/17-dependant exon inclusion. We observed that the co-depletion of CTCF and Cohesin with DDX5/17 increases the effect of the helicases on the inclusion of some exons. Moreover, our results indicate for the first time that depletion of DDX5/17 deregulates transcriptional termination of many genes. Finally, we selected two exons regulated by both DDX5/17 and CTCF and investigated the three-dimensional organization of their associated genes by Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) assays. The first exon is located within the NCS1 gene while the second exon has a promoter-proximal position in the PRMT2 gene. Our 3C experiments indicate the presence of a chromatin loop between the NCS1 promoter and its internal DDX5/17- and CTCF-regulated exon. Moreover, our results reveal a physical proximity between the promoter and the terminator region of both genes, and a deregulation of this specific configuration upon DDX5/17 depletion, which could possibly lead to transcriptional readthrough. Finally, stabilizing the promoter-terminator loop using a dCas9-based approach altered the inclusion of the PRMT2 promoter-proximal exon. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis of a mechanistical link between the 3D organization of genes and the regulation of alternative splicing and transcription fidelity
Polay, Espinoza Micaela. "Fonctions moléculaires des hélicases ARN DDX5 et DDX17 dans la biologie du muscle dans un contexte sain et pathologique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00988051.
Full textBen, Ameur Lamya. "Rôle de l’activation chronique de la voie NF-kB induite par l’oncoprotéine Tax du virus HTLV-1 dans la régulation de l’épissage alternatif." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1136.
Full textThe NF-kB (nuclear factor kB) signaling pathway regulates gene transcription of genes involved in immune response and inflammation. Chronic activation of NF-kB frequently associated with inflammatory disorders and cancer. The functional impacts of NF-kB have long been studied at the promoter level. Nevertheless, recent studies of the chromatin distribution of RelA indicate that this NF-kB subunit is predominantly localized in intragenic regions, including exons and introns, where its functions remain unknown. My work has addressed this question in the context of HTLV-1 infection, which is a constitutive activator of NF-kB, and the causative agent of the Adult T-cell Leukemia. The results show that the activation of NF-kB by the viral oncoprotein Tax results in changes in alternative splicing regulations of GC-rich exons that coincide with the chromatin recruitment of RelA in the vicinity of these exons. Integrative analysis of RNA splicing and chromatin occupancy, combined with experimental chromatin tethering assays (TALE) demonstrate that the intragenic binding of RelA leads to the recruitment of the splicing regulator DDX17, which modulates the inclusion rate of exon thanks to its helicase activity. Altogether, these data reveal that, besides its transcriptional role, NF-kB RelA acts as a chromatin anchor for the splicing factor DDX17 and provides alternative splicing specificity. These data revisit our knowledge of the physiopathologic mechanisms of HTLV-1 associated diseases , as well as other disorders related to the chronic activation of the NF-kB pathway
Zonta, Eleonora. "Implications of RNA helicases ddx5 (p68) and ddx17 (p72) in alternative splicing regulation and mRNA export in a mammary tumor model." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077104.
Full textThe RNA helicases ddx5 (p68) and ddx17 (p72) are two highly related multi-functional proteins known to play a role in transcription as co-regulators of various transcription factors, in processing of miRNAs and mRNAs, in particular in splicing. It has been moreover shown that these two helicases are involved in development and in different types of cancer. To better understand the mechanisms by which ddx5 and ddx17 control gene expression, I first investigated the role of ddx5 in the regulation of c-fos, a target gene of estrogen receptor (ER), which ddx5 is a co-activator of. The data demonstrated that this helicase is necessary for estradiol induced-transcriptional activity of the c-fos gene in a breast cancer cell line. Moreover, ddx5 is needed for c-fos co-transcriptional splicing, facilitating its export. Thus, ddx5 is present in c-fos mRNP together with the export factors Aly and TAP. Finally, the results obtained emphasised the ability of ddx5 to follow a transcript ail along its gene expression pathway, from transcription to its passage to the cytoplasm, revealing for the first time a function of this helicase in mRNA export. I worked as well on the role of ddx5 and ddx17 in alternative splicing regulation. After having used a large-scale approach, I focused on the different molecular mechanisms behind exon inclusion or exclusion, in a ddx5/ddx17 dependent fashion, detailing how their RNA helicase activity is required for the inclusion of exons defined by weak 5' splicing sites located in GC-rich regions. Moreover, ddx5/ddx17 depletion results in the inclusion of exons located within AT-rich regions and flanked by both weak 5' and 3' splicing sites likely by inhibiting splicing kinetics. Indeed, I showed the ability of these two proteins in controlling the exon inclusion rate by different mechanisms. These results are important because they expand the known functions of ddx5 and ddxl7 in gene expression regulation and help to better understand how they control gene expression programs and therefore cellular programs altered in tumor progression
Elsden, Joanna Louise. "Oncogenic properties of the DDX1 gene." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399340.
Full textVerbeek, Judith. "Identifikation von Ziel-mRNA Molekülen der RNA-Helikase DDX1 in humanen Neuroblastomzellen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161525.
Full textKellner, Markus. "Die Charakterisierung von DDX27 als nukleolärer Ribosomenbiogenesefaktor und Interaktionspartner des PeBoW-Komplexes." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-177125.
Full textOkamoto, Yusuke. "FANCD2 protects genome stability by recruiting RNA processing enzymes to resolve R‐loops during mild replication stress." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242379.
Full textKellner, Markus [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Eick. "Die Charakterisierung von DDX27 als nukleolärer Ribosomenbiogenesefaktor und Interaktionspartner des PeBoW-Komplexes / Markus Kellner. Betreuer: Dirk Eick." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1063278996/34.
Full textKellner, Julian [Verfasser], and Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Meinhart. "Structural and functional studies on the human DEAD-box helicase DDX1 / Julian Kellner ; Betreuer: Anton Meinhart." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1179925637/34.
Full textVerbeek, Judith [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Christiansen, Ulrich [Gutachter] Thomé, and Gerhard [Gutachter] Behre. "Identifikation von Ziel-mRNA Molekülen der RNA-Helikase DDX1 in humanen Neuroblastomzellen / Judith Verbeek ; Gutachter: Ulrich Thomé, Gerhard Behre ; Betreuer: Holger Christiansen." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1239423985/34.
Full textBeißel, Christian [Verfasser]. "The RNA helicase Dbp5/DDX19 regulates the ribosomal entry of eRF1-eRF3 and Dom34-Hbs1 in translation termination and cytoplasmic mRNA quality control / Christian Beißel." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1233865706/34.
Full textHodroj, Dana. "Du pore nucléaire à l'endommagement de l'ADN : l'aller et retour de Ddx19 médié par ATR pour résoudre des conflits entre la transcription et la réplication." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20121.
Full textCells are continuously challenged by DNA damage resulting from external cues as UV light, γ-irradiation and exposure to genotoxic chemicals, as well as from endogenous stress caused by cellular metabolism. Growing evidence points to transcription as a biological process that could adversely affect genome integrity. One currently highly investigated mechanism by which transcription can induce genome instability is through the formation of R-loops, RNA:DNA hybrid structures exposing a displaced single-stranded DNA tract. These aberrant structures occur as byproducts of transcription and/or upon interference between replication and transcription, and more recently were also shown to accumulate upon disruption of mRNA biogenesis and processing. Persistent unresolved R-loops are a potent source of genomic instability as they ultimately generate double strand breaks and promote recombination events. To deal with the deleterious consequences of DNA damage, cells activate elaborate DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to delay cell division and stimulate repair of lesions, thus preserving genome stability. Recently in yeast transient DDR activation has also been proposed to be important in the coordination of transcription and replication, in order to avoid topological constraints and the formation of aberrant structures generated upon collision of their machineries. By means of an in vitro screen aimed at identifying new DDR genes, we isolated Ddx19, a DEAD-Box helicase known to be involved in mRNA export, as a novel DNA damage responsive gene. Ddx19 interacts with the nucleopore complex via nucleoporin CAN/Nup214, and is involved in mRNA remodelling and export through its ATPase and helicase activities, stimulated by IP6 and the Gle1 factor. My present thesis work unravels a novel function of Ddx19 in preserving genome stability in mammalian cells, distinct from its known role in mRNA export. I show that upon UV-induced damage, Ddx19 transiently relocalizes from the cytoplasmic face of the nucleopore to the nucleus in an ATR-dependent manner. Downregulation of Ddx19 gives rise to spontaneous, proliferation-dependent DNA damage, as determined by the specific activation of the ATM-Chk2 pathway and formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci. This is concomitant with the slowing down of replication forks that are unable to restart after being stalled with camptothecin. In addition, cells depleted of Ddx19 display strong accumulation of nuclear R-loops, enriched in the nucleolar compartment, and around the nuclear periphery. Moreover, these cells show low viability and exhibited synthetic lethality when combined with inhibition of topoisomerase I expression. I propose Ddx19 as a second helicase required for R-loops resolution, functioning alongside but independently of Senataxin, the first known RNA helicase to resolve these structures in vivo in mammalian cells. I provide evidence that this new function of Ddx19 does not depend on its interaction with the nuclear pore, but rather on its helicase activity and on a serine residue phosphorylated by Chk1 which promotes its relocalization into the nucleus upon damage. These data put forward Ddx19 as a novel RNA helicase that facilitates ATR-dependent coordination of DNA replication and transcription through R-loops resolution, thus preserving genome integrity
Souza, Ana Carolina Mamana Fernandes de. "Comparação das técnicas de PCR em tempo real e PCR para o estudo dos genes MYCN, DDX1 e NAG em pacientes portadores de neuroblastoma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5136/tde-21062007-141525/.
Full textNeuroblastoma is the most common and deadly extra-cranial solid childhood tumor. Survival rates for aggressive neuroblastomas are still disappointingly low. One of the hopes is that molecular studies will provide insights into the genes and molecular pathways that govern neuroblastoma pathogenesis. However, at present only a few genes as MYCN have been directly linked to neuroblastoma. MYCN oncogene amplification, occurring in up to 25% of neuroblastomas, has been considered the most important prognostic factor, strongly correlating to advanced stage disease and treatment failure. Another genes in the MYCN amplicon, including the DEAD box polypeptide 1 (DDX1) gene, and neuroblastoma-amplified gene (NAG gene), have been found to be frequently co-amplified with MYCN in NB. But the prognostic significance of the coamplification remains unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate which is the best method to study the gene amplification of those three genes MYCN, DDX1 and NAG, as well as clarify the prognostic significance of the co-amplification or DDX1 and NAG with MYCN. Procedure: The gene copy numbers of MYCN, DDX1, and NAG were determined by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and conventional polymerase chain reaction in 100 primary NBs. Real-Time data were analyzed by absolute and relative quantification. For conventional PCR, samples were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel and the intensity of each band evaluated by Kodak image software. To evaluate of the prognostic significance of the gene amplification we had only 74 cases in witch we could analyze the follow-up. Results: In all 74 cases, both methods demonstrated that MYCN amplification was associated mainly with advanced cancer stages, and the analysis of overall survival confirmed that patients without MYCN amplification had a cumulative survival significantly higher than patients with oncogene amplification. We also studied DDX1 and NAG amplification for all NB samples even that without MYCN amplification. No relationship between any gene co-amplification status and disease stage, age at diagnosis, or overall survival was found. Conclusions: The two methods used to calculate gene copy number for Real Time PCR assay shown to be equivalent. Real Time PCR assay shown to be more accurate to study gene amplification than conventional PCR assay. Survival analysis pointed out that DDX1 and/or NAG amplification has no additional adverse effect on prognosis.
岡村, 真純. "mRNA核外輸送因子DBP5/DDX19、GLE1、IPPKの細胞質mRNA発現ならびに細胞表現型に対する特異的な機能と影響." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242773.
Full textVerbeek, Judith. "Identifikation von Ziel-mRNA Molekülen der RNA-Helikase DDX1 in humanen Neuroblastomzellen." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13188.
Full textJoseph, Remi. "Investigating the role of DDX27 on cardiac muscle structure and function in zebrafish." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41136.
Full text2022-06-04T00:00:00Z
Chen, Hui-Chen, and 陳慧蓁. "Biochemical and functional characterizations of a DEAD box containing protein, DDX1." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61617922361630179344.
Full text國立臺灣大學
分子醫學研究所
89
hnRNP K is a multifunctional protein known to be involved in regulation of transcription, translation, nuclear transport and signal transduction. Some hnRNP K- associated proteins have been isolated. In the thesis, I defined a new member of hnRNP K interacting protein, DDX1. DDX1 is a member of the DEAD box protein family, members of the DEAD-box family contain eight conserved motifs with demonstrated ATPase activity. In addition to the reported DDX1, a longer form (DDX1(#4)) with an extra 121 nucleotides fragment located between nucleotides 241 and 242 of DDX1(#3) was isolated. Both forms of DDX1s can interact with hnRNP K in in vitro and in vivo assays. The region spanning from amino acid 1-276 of hnRNP K is apparently responsible for its physical interaction with DDX1. The ATPase activity of the purified recombinant DDX1(#3) protein was stimulated by some single-stranded RNAs, including poly(A), poly(U) and poly(C), and yeast and HeLa cell total RNA, but not by DNAs. In the presence of hnRNP K, the ATPase activity of DDX1(#3) with poly(C) was partially (~25%) inhibited.
Cheng, Cho-Chin, and 鄭卓嶔. "The mechanism for an interaction between phosphorylated nucleocapsid and DDX1 to increase the continuous transcription of coronavirus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91573307669023118927.
Full textYu, Ya-Ting, and 游雅婷. "Studies of the Xcc Hrp regulatory protein FhrR and human innate immunity dsRNA receptor protein DDX1-DDX21 complex." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c6k4p5.
Full text國立中興大學
生物化學研究所
102
The study contains two parts: the first part is determing the structure of protein XccFhrR, which regulates causative hrp genes, in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). FhrR transcription factor belongs to the TetR family, and regulates the expression of genes that encode flagella, Hrp and ribosomal proteins. We have obtained the native crystals of XccFhrR that diffracted to a resolution of 2.9 A. We tried to get the phase by the molecular replacement approach using the most similar protein Sco0520, but were not able to successfully extract the phase information. To solve the problem, we have prepared the Se-Met labeled protein. We have obtained preliminary Se-Met labeled crystals, but they are too small for X-ray diffrection. More efforts are required to grow bigger crystals. The second part is to study the complex structure of the dsRNA receptor protein DDX1 and DDX21 in the mammalian innate immune system. The full-lenth DDX1 and DDX21 are very difficult to obtain in soluble form, and we finally found the DDX11-440 and DDX211-571 fragements are very soluble. We have tried to obtain their co-crystal by using a variety of crystallization conditions, yet no crystal could be obtained so far.
Beißel, Christian. "The RNA helicase Dbp5/DDX19 regulates the ribosomal entry of eRF1-eRF3 and Dom34-Hbs1 in translation termination and cytoplasmic mRNA quality control." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13A5-B.
Full textCapo-Chichi, José-Mario. "Exploration génomique de la déficience intellectuelle." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11768.
Full textIntellectual disability (ID) regroups greatly heterogeneous conditions that are characterized by early-onset cognitive impairment. ID affects about 1-3% of Western populations; but its prevalence is much higher in deprived regions of the world where socio-demographic factors like poor healthcare, lack of resources and parental consanguinity prevail. Non-genetic factors are involved in the etiology of ID; approximately 25% of ID cases are of genetic origin. Traditionally, the molecular basis of ID have been assessed through cytogenetic analyses, genetic mapping and candidate gene approaches. These classical genetic tools are still put to the test in the study of complex diseases like ID. Until recently, X-linked ID cases were the main focus of studies on ID with more than hundred ID genes identified only on the X chromosome. Compound heterozygous mutations are identified in autosomal forms of ID, in the context of non-consanguineous unions. However, the occurrence of such mutations is rare in outbred populations, so that dominant de novo mutations are most common in unrelated individuals. Homozygous mutations are expected in consanguineous unions or in populations marked by a founder effect. In fact, the molecular bases of autosomic recessive ID have been almost exclusively studied in populations with high consanguinity rates. ID remains unsolved in more than 60% of patients. In the absence of environmental factors associated with ID in these individuals, it is possible to consider that unidentified genetic factors are involved in these unexplained ID cases. In this research project, we used next generation sequencing technologies to highlight the genetic causes of ID in twenty families were an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is expected. We prioritized the use of whole-exome sequencing, namely all coding exons in the genome of this individual. In our analyses, we filtered out variants that were too common in control individuals to describe a rare condition like ID. We focussed our attention on rare autosomic recessive varaiants (homozygous and compound heterozygous), these mutations were confirmed by Sanger re-sequencing to segregate with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in the family. We identified mutations in candidate genes for ID in some of the family analysed, we validated the functional impact of the mutations in these genes to confirm their involvement in the pathophysiology of ID in the family studied. We explained the molecular basis of ID in eight of the families studied. We identified the second case of Warsaw-Breakage-Syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterised by dysfunction of the RNA helicase DDX11. We showed that disruption in TBC1D7, a functional subunit of the TSC1-TSC2 protein complex, cause ID and megalencephaly. We demonstrated that ASNS, the Asparagine Synthetase gene, is defective in patients with congenital microcephaly and progressive encephalopathy. We showed that the gene coding for the mitochondrial protein MAGMAS is involved in the pathophysiology of a condition characterised by developmental delay and severe skeletal dysplasia. We identified a truncating mutation in SPTBN2, encoding for the spinocerebellar ataxia 5 proteins, in a family with ID and spinocerellar ataxia. We also identified a mutation in a gene involved in the biosynthetic pathway of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors; the mutation in PIGN may cause the epilepsy and hypotonia features observed in the affected individuals of that family. Finally, we identified a loss of function mutation in CLPB, coding for a mitochondrial chaperone, in individuals with severe encephalopathy, hypereklexia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. The diagnostic potential of next generation sequencing technologies is undeniable. These technologies will revolutionize the world of molecular genetics; they will help deciphering the molecular basis of complex diseases like ID.