Academic literature on the topic 'East Texas Lakes'

Natural decrease is no longer rare in the United States. By 1989, 34 percent of all U.S. counties had experienced at least one year of it. Natural decrease is most common in rural areas remote from metropolitan centers. Regional concentrations of natural decrease exist in the Great Plains, the Corn Belt, and East Texas with scattered pockets in the Ozark-Ouachita Uplands, Upper Great Lakes, and Florida. Natural decrease is caused by age structure distortions stimulated by protracted, age-specific migration. Although temporal variations in fertility also contribute to natural decrease, these variations are not due to below average fertility. Natural decrease is symptomatic of fundamental changes in the demographic structure of an area.

An analysis of three predecessor rain events (PREs) that occurred ahead of North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) Ike and east Pacific TC Lowell during 10–15 September 2008 is presented. The three PREs produced all-time daily record rainfall at many locations, including Lubbock, Texas (189.5 mm); Wichita, Kansas (262 mm); and Chicago–O’Hare, Illinois (169 mm), on 11–13 September, respectively. PRE 1 organized over Texas on 10 September with moisture from a stalled frontal boundary and the Bay of Campeche, and matured with moisture from TC Lowell. PRE 2 organized over the Texas Panhandle on 11 September with moisture from the Bay of Campeche, and developed and matured over Kansas and Missouri with moisture from TC Lowell. PRE 3 developed over Texas on 11 September, merged with and absorbed PRE 2 over Kansas and Missouri, and matured as it ingested moisture from TC Ike. All three PREs matured in the equatorward entrance region of an intensifying subtropical jet stream (STJ). Heavy rainfall with the three PREs occurred along a plume of moist air characterized by high precipitable water values that extended poleward over the central United States near the juxtaposition of the nose of a low-level jet, a region of lower-tropospheric forcing for ascent along a surface baroclinic zone, and the STJ equatorward entrance region. The cumulative upscale effect of persistent deep convection from the three PREs enhanced and “locked in” a favorable upper-tropospheric flow pattern conducive to ridge development over the Ohio Valley and STJ intensification over the central U.S. and Great Lakes region.

Abstract Cloud-to-ground lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network are used to create a warm season (May–September) lightning climatology for the northern Gulf of Mexico coast for the 14-yr period 1989–2002. Each day is placed into one of five flow regimes based on the orientation of the low-level flow with respect to the coastline. This determination is made using the vector mean 1000–700-hPa wind data at Lake Charles and Slidell, Louisiana. Flash densities are calculated for daily, hourly, and nocturnal periods. Spatial patterns of composite 24-h and nocturnal flash density indicate that lightning decreases in an east-to-west direction over the region. Flash densities for the 24-h period are greatest over land near the coast, with relative maxima located near Houston, Texas; Lake Charles, Baton Rouge, and New Orleans, Louisiana; Biloxi, Mississippi; and Mobile, Alabama. Flash densities during the nocturnal period are greatest over the coastal waters. Lightning across the northern Gulf coast is closely related to the prevailing low-level synoptic flow, which controls the sea breeze, the dominant forcing mechanism during the warm season. Southwest flow, the most unstable and humid of the five regimes, exhibits the most flashes. In this case, sea-breeze-induced convection is located slightly inland from the coast. Northeast flow, the driest and most stable of the regimes, exhibits the least amount of lightning. The large-scale flow restricts the sea breeze to near the coastline. Geographic features and local mesoscale circulations are found to affect lightning across the region. Geographic features include lakes, bays, marshes, swamps, and coastline orientations. Thermal circulations associated with these features interact with the main sea breeze to produce complex lightning patterns over the area.

Abstract Factor V has recently been observed to act as a synergistic anticoagulant cofactor in the activated Protein C (APC) pathway; however, the importance of factor V’s anticoagulant nature in vivo is poorly understood. A novel autosomal dominant bleeding disorder, which is characterized by excessive bleeding with trauma or surgery and menorrhagia in affected women, was identified in a large family (16 affected individuals) from east Texas. Affected members had a prolongation of their PT and/or aPTT. Clinical studies indicated normal activities and levels of all coagulation factors. Linkage analysis mapped the defective gene to 1q23–24 (LODmax 7.33), which contains the gene for coagulation factor V (FV). An alteration (A2440G)in the FV gene in exon 13, which encodes the entire B-domain of the wildtype protein, segregates with disease and was not present in 62 controls. Interestingly, this alteration falls on the 5′ splice site (TA/GT) of an alternative splicing variant confirmed by RT-PCR of control liver and leukocytes. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis demonstrated that this splice variant produces a low abundance, 250kD isoform of FV in control plasma. The A2440G alteration can theoretically form a higher efficiency consensus site for splicing (TG/GT). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirms this improved efficiency with an increase of splicing seen in patients’ RNA from leukocytes (n=3) versus controls (n=3). This translates into an approximately 20-fold increase in the 250kD isoform of FV seen in patients’ plasma (n=6) versus controls (n=5), while wildtype FV levels remain equivalent. Co-precipitation with Vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors from patient plasma suggests that this isoform interacts with known FV-interacting proteins (Figure 1). A recombinant of this splicing event (FV-703) exhibited normal activation by thrombin and normal prothrombinase activity when compared to the wildtype recombinant. Thrombin-activated FV-703 also showed normal degradation by APC, while intact FV-703 displayed an increased sensitivity to APC that was more striking in the presence of PS (Figure 2). We hypothesize that this novel isoform has a stronger affinity for APC in the presence of PS than wildtype FV and works primarily as a cofactor in the APC pathway to heighten the overall anticoagulant activity in the bloodstream. These data indicate that A2440G up-regulates an alternatively spliced transcript of FV, and increases a FV isoform that hinders coagulation as opposed to promoting it like its wildtype counterpart. As verified by this unique mutation, this novel alternative splicing of coagulation FV is an important physiological event that can result in disease if its delicate balance is disrupted. Figure 1: Immunoblot analysis. 8% SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins eluted from aluminum hydroxide Lanes 1 and 7 are protein standard size markers. Lanes 2 and 3 are unrelated controls. Lanes 4–6 are related, unknown disease status patients without the disease haplotype. Lanes 8–10 are related, unknown affected status patients with the disease haplotype. Lanes 11–13 are affected individuals with disease haplotype. FV was detected using monolconal against the heavy chain (AHV-5146), and the Arnerrham ECF Western Blotting Detection Kit was used to develop the western blots. Mr indicates molecular range. Figure 1:. Immunoblot analysis. 8% SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins eluted from aluminum hydroxide Lanes 1 and 7 are protein standard size markers. Lanes 2 and 3 are unrelated controls. Lanes 4–6 are related, unknown disease status patients without the disease haplotype. Lanes 8–10 are related, unknown affected status patients with the disease haplotype. Lanes 11–13 are affected individuals with disease haplotype. FV was detected using monolconal against the heavy chain (AHV-5146), and the Arnerrham ECF Western Blotting Detection Kit was used to develop the western blots. Mr indicates molecular range. Figure 2: Degradation of FV by APC +/− PS. Recombinant wildtype FV and FV-703 were incubated with varying amounts of APC in the absence or presence of 100nM PS for 10 minutes at 37C. After stopping the reaction by dilution, the samples were activated with thrombin and tested in a PTase assay for undegraded FV activity. Figure 2:. Degradation of FV by APC +/− PS. Recombinant wildtype FV and FV-703 were incubated with varying amounts of APC in the absence or presence of 100nM PS for 10 minutes at 37C. After stopping the reaction by dilution, the samples were activated with thrombin and tested in a PTase assay for undegraded FV activity.

The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge, designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, is a cable-stayed bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas. The roadway, almost 1200 ft. long, is supported by fifty-eight cables, twenty-nine on each side of the central arch, strung from the arch to the traffic median between the lanes going (roughly) east or west. The bridge first opened to vehicular traffic in March 2012 and has already been hailed as an icon of twenty-first-century Dallas.

This article examines the strategy of literary spatialization employed by colonial subjects to imaginatively engage with colonial civilizing projects. It analyzes twelve adventure stories written between the 1910s and 1920s by colonial Vietnamese reformed scholars, whose lives were impacted by the pan-Asian reform movements that swept Japan, China, and Vietnam between the 1860s and 1900s. They reflected their experiences with Enlightened civilization as they were pushing for vernacularization and modernization through translating the Chinese transculturation of Japanese texts into Latin-basedquốc ngữscript while constructing a national literature. Adventure tales and travelogues were considered suitable for aspiring writers to translatively imitate Western literature as presented in Chinese translation of Japanese texts. The authors negotiated with the French version of Enlightened Civilization by employing two East Asian literary tropes: the dangerous but exciting Rivers-and-Lakes World, where the protagonist ventures to search forvăn minh, and the peaceful and other-worldly Peach Blossom Spring utopia, where the true qualities ofvăn minhare realized. These stories reveal colonial subjects’ admiration for and anxiety regarding the Frenchmission civilisatrice, and their literary efforts to imagine a Vietnamesevăn minhthat would both impress and surpass the original models.

The history of relative sea-level rise along the northern Gulf of Mexico must be constrained in order to determine the relative effects of eustatic sea-level rise, subsidence, antecedent topography, and sediment supply variations on fluvial--bay-shoreline sedimentary systems. This study adds important additional sea-level indicators for the past 10 kyrs in addition to compiling the extensive pre-existing data from the literature. The northern Gulf of Mexico data from the modern shoreline is compared western and eastern Gulf of Mexico datasets to determine the relative difference in subsidence rates over the past 4 kyrs. Subsidence differences are negligible. Furthermore, quantification of the antecedent topography provides a means to account for its effects on sedimentary architecture and the evolution of the Sabine and Calcasieu river-bay systems. The record of eustasy potentially indicates 3 to 4 meter-scale rapid rise intervals during the early Holocene. Subsequent to 7.5 ka, the progradation and retrogradation of the sedimentary systems must be attributed to sediment supply variations (climate change). From 7.5 ka to ∼3 ka, the east Texas, west Louisiana climate oscillated between sub-humid to sub-arid to produce greater than modern sediment flux manifested as deltaic deposits in the modern estuaries. Important future applications of this study include comparison to the nature and timing of fluvial-deltaic retreat in other estuaries along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts. The South Shetland Islands, off the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula, are separated by glacial troughs carved during glacial maxima. These glacial troughs are currently fjords which contain a glaciomarine sedimentary record. Age constraining the sediments provides a retreat history of the ice cap for the past 15 kyrs including rates and magnitude of retreat for sub-polar glacial systems. Furthermore, the timing of the migration of sub-glacial polar (cold-based) glacial conditions southward is constrained to ∼10kyr. This has important implications for Holocene glacial flow rates and ice shelf stability in the Antarctic Peninsula region.

In a global maritime empire, travel was intrinsic. As sailors and slavers, traders and hunters, Europeans traversed colonized space and literacy gave them the power to record what they saw and found. In their mapping and classification of lands and peoples, many of these travellers helped to commodify and package the resources of empire. In their fulsome descriptions of the riches of overseas territories, they made these lands and all that they contained desirable to prospective hunters, settlers, speculators, and administrators. The direct uses that imperial powers made of traveller’s accounts were hinted at in 1887 by British explorer and geologist Joseph Thomson, in a note to the second edition of his best-selling Through Masai Land. “Then [1885] Masai land was for the first time made known to the world; now it has come within the “sphere of British influence”—a delicate way, I suppose, of saying that it now practically forms a part of our imperial possessions.’ In fact British East Africa, of which Maasailand formed a large part, was not established for another eight years, in 1895. But Thomson anticipated accurately: having ‘discovered’ and mapped a direct route from the coast to Lake Victoria, which cut right across Maasailand to Uganda, and described the rich pickings (including fertile land, valuable pastures, water sources, timber, and game animals) that lay along the route, he had paved the way for European trade and takeover. Sir John Kirk, British agent and consul at Zanzibar, wrote that Thomson’s ‘admirable description is the only reliable one we yet possess of the region thus secured to us, if we choose to avail ourselves of the opportunity’. Britain, anxious about Germany’s competitive ambitions, duly took it. From the mid-eighteenth century a particular kind of traveller did more than most to promote the natural potential of empire: those who combined touring with botany and other scientific, or quasi-scientific, enquiries. The avid collection of specimens—from fauna and flora through, in some cases, to human body parts—had become an adjunct to the European adventurer’s taxonomy of the natural world. Since European expansion coincided with the development of print, as illustrated in our chapter on hunting, the production and publication of texts became a by-product of travel.

Abstract In this study, a hydrodynamic and salinity transport model was developed for simulations of Sabine Lake water system located on the Texas-Louisiana border. The target simulation area ranges from Sabine River near Deweyville, TX as the north boundary to the Gulf of Mexico as the south boundary, and from Neches River near Beaumont, TX as the west boundary to part of Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) and Sabine River Diversion Canal (SRDC) as the east boundary. The entire area includes several major water bodies, such as Sabine Lake, Sabine River, Sabine Pass, Sabine Neches Canal (Ship Channel), and part of GIWW and SRDC. The SRDC supplies fresh water to the area industry, mainly petrochemical. High salinity in SRDC could significantly affect the daily production of the industry. The major purposes of this study is to use the validated hydrodynamic and salinity transport model to assess and predict the salinity in SRDC under severe weather conditions such as hurricane storm surges. Measurement data from NOAA and USGS were used to calibrate the boundary conditions as well as to validate the model. Two different levels of storm surges each lasting for 24 hours were simulated, 0.5 and 1 meter, respectively, and the salinity in SRDC was monitored and compared to analyze the storm surge threats on SDRC water quality. The result shows that it took about 2 days for the salinity reaching SRDC under the 1m storm surge condition and about 3 days under 0.5m surge condition and the salinity value could reach as high as 5 to 10 ppt.

Resumen: La intención es exponer las ideas que llevaron a Le Corbusier a construir su último y único proyecto urbanístico “Chandigarh”;realizar su sueño de construir sobre una ciudad constituida por aquellos elementos prefigurados desde sus libretas, fotografías y textos de sus Viajes a Oriente, 1911 y Sud América, 1929. Le Corbusier encuentra en Chandigarh su ciudad imaginada, aquella configurada en base al constructo de la razón; montañas, paisajes, árboles, cielos, lagos y ríos, etc. y para ello diseñó un mapa en tres dimensiones que contuviese esa razón fundamental de todos sus años de trabajo: “El monumento de la mano abierta” es un lugar donde superpone esa geografía construida (la idealizada con la hallada), diversos dibujos han ido otorgándole en el tiempo esa capacidad de expresar la vocación del tiempo construido . La mano - además de serlo- ya no es más un símbolo o un “signo”, es un mapa topográfico que contiene sus propósitos esenciales. Chandigarh se construye sobre esa “ciudad imaginada” – siendo sus numerosos dibujos de montañas, ríos y lagos cartografiados desde los botes, trenes, y aviones, - Le Corbusier siempre estuvo a esperaba encontrar un lugar que coincidiera y encajara con todas esas condiciones naturales- alegrías esenciales- y ese lugar fue Punjab (India); allí es cuando se eclipsan realmente por primera vez todos sus elementos configurados. Las montañas del Himalaya y el Lago Suknha más que elementos geográficos - que constituyen los límites del proyecto- son esencialmente imprescindibles para comprenderlo. El monumento de la mano abierta se configura como un recurso ideográfico en la obra de Le Corbusier. Abstract: The intention is to present the ideas that led to Le Corbusier to build its latest and unique urban project "Chandigarh", realize his dream of building on a city made up of those elements foreshadowed from his notebooks, photographs and texts of his trips to East 1911 South America 1929. Le Corbusier in Chandigarh discovers his imagined city, that set based on the construct of reason; mountains, landscapes, trees, skies, lakes and rivers, etc. and for this he designed a three-dimensional map that contained the fundamental reason for all his years of work: "The monument open hand" is a place where overlaps that built geography (the idealized with found), various drawings have been giving at the time that ability to express the vocation of time built. Besides hand the be-is no longer a symbol or a "sign" is a topographic map containing the essential purposes. Chandigarh is built on the "imagined city" - remains his numerous drawings of mountains, rivers and lakes mapped from boats, trains, and planes - Le Corbusier was always expected to find a place to coincide and fit with all those naturales- conditions essential- there was joy and Punjab (India); that's when all set items are really overshadow first. Himalaya Mountains and Lake Suknha than geographic features - which form the boundaries of the project are essentially necessary to understand it. The open hand monument is configured as an ideographic resource in the work of Le Corbusier.Palabras clave: constructo, dibujos, viajes, publicaciones, mano abierta. Keywords: Construct, Drawings, Travels, Publications, Open Hand. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.639