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Journal articles on the topic 'False Negative ration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kulbir, Kaur Sandhu. "A NOVEL APPROACH FOR IMAGE IMPAINTING USING ADAPTIVE SVM." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (2021): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4568089.

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Data security is critical for most businesses and even home computer users. As, all the sensitive and important information is manipulated online. Therefore, it is essential to protect the data from intruders. We need to find the best ways to protect our system from different types of attacks.Intrusions refer to the network attacks against vulnerable services, data-driven attacks on applications, host-based attacks like privilege escalation, unauthorized logins and access to sensitive files, or malware like viruses, worms and Trojan horses. The problem in current IDS is the high false positive
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Hashchuk, P., and R. Pelo. "FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF OPTIMAL GEAR SHIFT SYNTHESIS THEORY IN AUTOMOBILE STEPPED RATION GEAR TRANSMISSION." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.02.

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The laws of gear transmission are practically always transformed into rather illustrative and relatively easy programmed in the controller the so called maps of transmission. But the notion of optimality are prone to misunderstanding. To avoid this it is suggested a driver opt for himself for the factored technical possibilities of multiprogrammed automated or automatic control of transmission, or at sole discretion to implement a certain programing compromise that in most cases is not disclosed. Thus the system of automated control is subject to uncertainty. There has been no theory able to r
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Schreivogel, I., C. Angerstein, U. Siefker, et al. "Clinical evaluation of a new thyroglobulin immunoradiometric assay in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma." Nuklearmedizin 42, no. 02 (2003): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625299.

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SummaryAim: Formal and clinical comparison of a new 3rd-gene-ration-Tg-IRMA (3-G-IRMA; Dynotest®Tg-plus) with a conventional Tg-IRMA (3-G-IRMA; SELco®Tg-assay) for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In addition we evaluated, if thyroglobulin (Tg) levels above a specific threshold concentration indicate the need for further investigations for residual disease. Patients, methods: Tg concentration of 105 sera of 93 consecutive patients with a differentiated thyroid cancer was determined with both assays and compared at different cut-off values (Dynotest®Tg-plus: 0.2, 1, 2 ng/ml; SELc
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Rezazadeh, Arash, Damian A. Laber, Vivek R. Sharma, and Goetz H. Kloecker. "Amyloidosis Presenting with Platelet Dysfunction and Recurrent Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage (RH)." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 3944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3944.3944.

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Abstract CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old white female with history of easy bruising for 2 years and 2 episode of RH in the last 6 month admitted to ICU with her 3rd episode of RH. Her previous w/o included a BM Bx which had shown clonal population of plasma cells kappa chain restrictive (7%) with repeatedly negative SPEP and UPEP. PFA-100 was consistent with severe platelet dysfunction. During the ICU admission platelet transfusion with multiple single donor units did not correct her PFA-100 results, which were confirmed with platelet aggregation results. Both, collagen/epinephrine and collagen/ADP
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Beran, Roy G., Jane Michelazzi, Lorna Hall, Peter Tsimnadis, and Shuan Loh. "False-Negative Response Rate in Epidemiologic Studies to Define Prevalence Ratios of Epilepsy." Neuroepidemiology 4, no. 2 (1985): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000110218.

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Khan, Anum, Swetha Paduri, Amna Elahi, et al. "ODP530 When "Taller-Than-Wide" Is Not Taller-Than-Wide." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1629.

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Abstract The thyroid nodule ultrasonic characteristic referred to as "Taller-than-Wide" (TtW) is defined as a nodule's anterior-posterior diameter/left-right diameter ratio (i. e. AP/LR ratio) on transverse view. This characteristic is regarded as a major feature suggesting malignancy. On the Amer College of Radiology's TIRADS ("Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System") guidelines, TtW status usually indicates the need for an aspiration biopsy (FNA). Given this importance, and the subjective and technical limitations of ultrasonic linear measurements of nodule diameters, it would be prudent
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Spencer, Carole, Ivana Petrovic, Shireen Fatemi, and Jonathan LoPresti. "Serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) Monitoring of Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Using Sensitive (Second-Generation) Immunometric Assays Can Be Disrupted by False-Negative and False-Positive Serum Thyroglobulin Autoantibody Misclassifications." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 12 (2014): 4589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1203.

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Context: Reliable thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibody (TgAb) detection before Tg testing for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is critical when TgAb status (positive/negative) is used to authenticate sensitive second-generation immunometric assay (2GIMA) measurements as free from TgAb interference and when reflexing “TgAb-positive” sera to TgAb-resistant, but less sensitive, Tg methodologies (radioimmunoassay [RIA] or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]). Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess how different Kronus (K) vs Roche (R) TgAb method cutoffs for “positi
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Hong, Chunghwan, Youngbeen Moon, Hye Won Choi, et al. "Abstract 5058: Evaluation of false positive and false negative errors in targeted next generation sequencing." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 5058. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-5058.

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Abstract Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a vital diagnostic tool for various diseases; however, errors associated with NGS present significant challenges to its clinical implementation. Specifically, in cancer diagnostics, the analysis of low-level mutations is complicated by contamination from normal cells and tumor heterogeneity. Results: In targeted NGS (T-NGS) analyses involving reference-standard samples consisting of mixtures of homozygous Hydatidiform mole DNA and blood genomic DNA at varying ratios from four certified NGS service providers, we observed consi
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Sharma, S. T., H. Raff, and L. K. Nieman. "Prolactin as a Marker of Successful Catheterization during IPSS in Patients with ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 12 (2011): 3687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2149.

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Context: Anomalous venous drainage can lead to false-negative inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) results. Baseline inferior petrosal sinus to peripheral (IPS/P) prolactin ratio higher than 1.8 ipsilateral to the highest ACTH ratio has been proposed to verify successful catheterization. Prolactin-normalized ACTH IPS/P ratios may differentiate Cushing's disease (CD) from ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). Objective: Our objective was to examine the utility of prolactin measurement during IPSS. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a retrospective analysis of prolactin levels in basal an
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Favaloro, Emmanuel J. "Danger of false negative (exclusion) or false positive (diagnosis) for ‘congenital thrombophilia’ in the age of anticoagulants." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 6 (2019): 873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-1041.

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Abstract Background Most guidelines and experts recommend against performance of thrombophilia testing in general, and specifically against testing patients on pharmacological anticoagulants, due to substantially increased risk of false positive identification. For example, vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy affects protein C (PC) and protein S (PS), as well as some clotting assays (e.g. as used to investigate activated PC resistance [APCR]). Although heparin may also affect clotting assays, most commercial methods contain neutralisers to make them ‘insensitive’ to therapeutic levels. Direct o
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Mrus, Joseph M., Michael S. Yi, Mark H. Eckman, and Joel Tsevat. "The Impact of Expected HIV Transmission Rates on the Effectiveness and Cost of Ruling Out HIV Infection in Infants." Medical Decision Making 22, no. 1_suppl (2002): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027298902237710.

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Objective To quantify the costs and effectiveness of different strategies for ruling out HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers in the United States. Methods The authors assessed 4 different testing strategies that incorporated serial HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with or without enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody testing. Testing costs, false reassurance rates, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were compared for the 4 strategies. Results In HIV-exposed infants, HIV DNA PCR testing at birth, 1 month, and 4 months of age results in a fals
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Defrance, MaryBeth, and Tijl De Bie. "Maximal Combinations of Fairness Definitions." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 82 (March 16, 2025): 1495–579. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.16776.

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The so-called ‘Impossibility Theorem’ for fairness definitions is one of the more striking research results with both theoretical and practical consequences, as it states that satisfying certain combinations of fairness definitions is impossible. To date, this negative result has not yet been complemented with a positive one: a characterization of which combinations of fairness notions are possible. This work aims to fill this gap by identifying maximal sets of commonly used fairness definitions for binary classification that can be simultaneously satisfied. The fairness definitions used are d
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Uwah, Uwem, Ilia Aji, and Essien Iniabasi. "Accounting Ratios and False Financial Statements Detection: Evidence From Nigerian Quoted Companies." AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance 3, no. 1 (2023): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujacog.2023.105.

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The broad objective of the study was to investigate accounting ratios and false financial statements detection. The study was a descriptive survey in design. This study employed pooled data from firms listed in the Nigerian Exchange Group PLC, covering a period of 5 years (2017- 2021). A total of 239 firms quoted on the Nigerian Exchange constituted the population of the study. The study relied on secondary data. Historical data were obtained from the annual financial reports of accounts of 10 purposively sampled service sector firms. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, P
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Lu, Jang-Jih, Shu-Hui Tsai, Lee-Chung Lin, and Tzong-Shi Chiueh. "Retrospective Analysis to Optimize the Detection of MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Diagnostics 14, no. 11 (2024): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111110.

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Our study optimized METex14 skipping mutation detection by analyzing 223 Oncomine™ Focus Assay-positive cases using Pan Lung Cancer PCR Panel and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Among the 11 METex14 skipping mutation-positive cases (average read counts: 1390), 2 with Oncomine™ Focus Assay read counts of 2540 and 10,177 were positive on all platforms. Those with Oncomine™ Focus Assay read counts ranging from 179 to 612 tested negative elsewhere. Specimens with low ratios (average ratio: 0.12% for nine cases) may yield false-positive results. Our results suggested that monitoring read counts and
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Kayali, Fadi, Russell Hull, and Paul Stein. "Spiral computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 10 (2007): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-03-0218.

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SummaryThe accuracy of computed tomography (CT) imaging for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) was reviewed. Single detector CT, based on pooled data, showed a sensitivity of 73% and multidetector CT, mostly 4-slice, showed a sensitivity of 83%. Respective specificities were 87% and 96%. Among patients with suspected PE evaluated with single slice CT,20% of patients found to have venous thromboembolic disease were diagnosed on the basis of a positive CT venous phase venogram. With multislice CT, 14% were diagnosed on the basis of a positive CT venogram.The positive likelihood ratio
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KORSRUD, GARY O., MARK G. PAPICH, ADRIAN C. E. FESSER, CRAIG D. C. SALISBURY, and JAMES D. MACNEIL. "Laboratory Testing of the Charm Test II Receptor Assays and the Charm Farm Test with Tissues and Fluids from Hogs Fed Sulfamethazine, Chlortetracycline, and Penicillin G." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 2 (1996): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.2.161.

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The potentials of the Charm Test II receptor assays for the detection of residues of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and β-lactams and the Charm Farm Test for screening for antimicrobial residues were tested. Market hogs were fed rations containing three times the label level of sulfamethazine, chlortetracycline, and penicillin G for 2 weeks. Groups were killed after 0, 2, 4 and 8 days of withdrawal. Quantitative chemical methods were used to determine residue levels in fluids and tissues. Results were compared with those obtained using the qualitative Charm Test II receptor assays and the Charm
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Barone, James E., James B. Tucker, Jose M. Perez, Stephen R. Odom, and Vishal Ghevariya. "Evidence-Based Medicine Applied to Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients with Breast Cancer." American Surgeon 71, no. 1 (2005): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480507100113.

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Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has not been examined using the principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM). Specifically, likelihood ratios have not been used to assess the validity of SLNB. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) public database of the National Cancer Institute was used to establish the baseline or pretest probability of finding a positive lymph axillary node for each stage of breast cancer. Rates of false negative results of SLNB for all breast cancer stages were determined from the surgical literature. Positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) were calc
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18

Sukmawati, M., and K. Suarta. "Validity of protein-creatinine and protein-osmolality ratios in the estimation of massive proteinuria in children with nephrotic syndrome." Paediatrica Indonesiana 47, no. 4 (2007): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi47.4.2007.139-43.

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Background Children with nephrotic syndrome have massiveproteinuria, a rate of excretion equal to or greater than 40 mg/hour/m 2 body surface. The ability to quantitate massive urinaryprotein excretion is very important for both diagnostic andprognostic purposes. Quantification of proteinuria using 24-hoururine collection (Esbach) is difficult to do especially in children;moreover, many false-positive and false-negative results arereported for any semi-quantitative methods such as dipstick andsulfosalicylic acid measurement.Objective To determine the accuracy of protein-creatinine ratio(PCR) a
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Dufour, D. Robert, Mageli Talastas, Maria D. A. Fernandez, and Barbara Harris. "Chemiluminescence Assay Improves Specificity of Hepatitis C Antibody Detection." Clinical Chemistry 49, no. 6 (2003): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/49.6.940.

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Abstract Background: Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) have typically been detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A chemiluminescence assay (CA) for anti-HCV is now commercially available. Methods: We compared the positive rate for a CA in a HCV screening program for veterans with historical rates obtained with EIA. We also compared results in 2824 samples tested by both methods and assessed the significance of low signal-to-cutoff (S/C) ratios. Results: The frequency of CA-positive results was significantly lower than with EIA (12.6% vs 16.0%; P <0.0001). The frequency of low S
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Duaso, Juan, Alejandro Perez-Ecija, Ana Navarro, Esther Martínez, Adelaida De Las Heras, and Francisco J. Mendoza. "Evaluation of Blood Biochemical Parameters and Ratios in Piroplasmosis-Infected Horses in an Endemic Region." Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 7 (2025): 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12070643.

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Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is a worldwide tick-borne disease with severe economic, commercial, and sanitary implications for equids. Although diagnosis is based on direct (blood smear or PCR) or indirect (serology) methods, these techniques are expensive, laborious, and false-negative and false-positive results can be yielded. Biochemistry blood profiles are routinely performed in horses. Biochemical parameters and ratios could be a reliable complementary diagnostic tool to assist clinicians in EP diagnosis, mainly in endemic areas, or for discardi
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Hill, Peter G., Julia M. Forsyth, Baldeep Rai, and Stewart Mayne. "Serum Free Light Chains: An Alternative to the Urine Bence Jones Proteins Screening Test for Monoclonal Gammopathies." Clinical Chemistry 52, no. 9 (2006): 1743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.069104.

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Abstract Background: Retrospective analyses have established the role of quantitative serum free light chains (FLCs) in the diagnosis of monoclonal light chain disorders. The aims of this study were to assess (a) whether the addition of serum FLCs to serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) identified additional patients with monoclonal gammopathies; (b) whether serum FLC measurements could replace urinalysis for Bence Jones protein (BJP); and (c) the cost/quality implications of routinely measuring serum FLCs. Methods: Serum FLCs were added to consecutive requests for SPEP from August to November
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Ramachandran, Satya Krishna, and Lydia A. Josephs. "A Meta-analysis of Clinical Screening Tests for Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Anesthesiology 110, no. 4 (2009): 928–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31819c47b6.

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The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare clinical screening tests for obstructive sleep apnea and establish an evidence base for their preoperative use. Diagnostic odds ratios were used as summary measures of accuracy, and false-negative rates were used as measures of missed diagnosis with each screening test in this review. Metaregression revealed that clinical models, logarithmic equations, combined techniques, cephalometry, and morphometry are significant characteristics, whereas body mass index, history of hypertension, and nocturnal choking are significant test elements associated
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Zhao, Qingtao, Zheng Yuan, Huien Wang, Hua Zhang, Guochen Duan, and Xiaopeng Zhang. "Role of circulating tumor cells in diagnosis of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 3 (2021): 030006052199492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060521994926.

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Objective We systematically reviewed the literature relating to the diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for the clinical determination of lung cancer. Methods This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CTCs for the clinical determination of lung cancer. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies up to 31 May 2020. The numbers of patients with true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative results were extracted from each individual study. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area
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Nugraha, Gibran Satya, Akbar Juliansyah, and Muhammad Tajuddin. "Glaucoma Detection Based on Texture Feature of Neuro Retinal Rim Area in Retinal Fundus Image." International Journal of Health and Information System 1, no. 3 (2024): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/ijhis.v1i3.21.

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One method for detecting glaucoma is by comparing ratios in the area of neuroretinal rim. Comparing area ratios in the neuroretinal rim is difficult for ophthalmologists since it requires high accuracy and is highly dependent on the patient's retinal condition. In this study, we sought to perform neuro retinal rim feature extraction based on histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of normal retinal images and glaucoma, automatically distinguish between normal eyes and eyes with glaucoma, and evaluate the method's validity using the measures of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificit
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Liu, Ying, Ephraim L. Tsalik, Yunyun Jiang, et al. "Average Weighted Accuracy: Pragmatic Analysis for a Rapid Diagnostics in Categorizing Acute Lung Infections (RADICAL) Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 12 (2019): 2736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz437.

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Abstract Patient management relies on diagnostic information to identify appropriate treatment. Standard evaluations of diagnostic tests consist of estimating sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, likelihood ratios, and accuracy. Although useful, these metrics do not convey the tests’ clinical value, which is critical to informing decision-making. Full appreciation of the clinical impact of a diagnostic test requires analyses that integrate sensitivity and specificity, account for the disease prevalence within the population of test application, and account for the rel
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Stuart, Melissa S., Rajiv K. Pruthi, and Jansen N. Seheult. "Potential for False Negative Lupus Anticoagulant Testing in Patients Anticoagulated with Warfarin Using Dilute Russell's Viper Venom Time Assay." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 4016. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-211348.

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Introduction: Laboratory identification of a lupus anticoagulant (LAC) requires evidence of: a) prolongation of a phospholipid-dependent screening test, usually a LAC-responsive dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); b) inhibition on mixing with normal pooled plasma (NPP); c) confirmation of phospholipid-dependent inhibition by repeating the prolonged test with excess phospholipid. Despite decades of assay development and re-design and numerous attempts at standardization, diagnosis of a LAC remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of ant
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Bosco, Agaba B., Joaniter I. Nankabirwa, Adoke Yeka, et al. "Limitations of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria surveys in areas with varied transmission intensity in Uganda 2017-2019: Implications for selection and use of HRP2 RDTs." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244457.

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Background Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are exclusively recommended for malaria diagnosis in Uganda; however, their functionality can be affected by parasite-related factors that have not been investigated in field settings. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we analysed 219 RDT-/microscopy+ and 140 RDT+/microscopy+ dried blood spots obtained from symptomatic children aged 2–10 years from 48 districts in Uganda between 2017 and 2019. We aimed to investigate parasite-related factors contributing to false RDT results by molecular
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Sardella, Marco, and Calin Lungu. "Evaluation of quantitative signal detection in EudraVigilance for orphan drugs: possible risk of false negatives." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 10 (January 2019): 204209861988281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098619882819.

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Different strategies have been studied to allow a better characterization of the safety profile of orphan drugs soon after their approval. At the end of the development phases only few data are available because of the small number of subjects exposed to an orphan medicine for the treatment of rare or ultra-rare conditions. As a consequence, the evaluation of the safety profile is limited at the time of the first approval. In the post-marketing period, all available sources should be combined for a better understanding of the safety of orphan drugs. These sources, include outputs from large da
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Dadvandipour, Samad, and Aadil Gani Ganie. "Analyzing and predicting spear-phishing using machine learning methods." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 10, no. 4 (2020): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2020.4.30.

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Phishing implies misdirecting the client by masking himself/herself as a reliable individual, to take the Critical material, for example, bank account number, credit card numbers, and so on; one of the noticeably utilized Phishing these days is spear phishing, and it is one of the effective phishing assaults given its social, mental boundaries. In this paper, we will mitigate the impact of spear phishing by utilizing the multi-layer approach. The multi-layer approach is the best method of managing the web interruption, as the intruder needs to experience shift levels. Practically all the scien
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Jun, Tomi, William K. Oh, Eric Schadt, and Mitchell Higashi. "Health outcomes modelling of RNA-based versus DNA-based detection of driver gene rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e18837-e18837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18837.

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e18837 Background: There are several FDA-approved targeted therapies for NSCLC with driver gene rearrangements (DGRs) involving ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1-3, and MET exon 14. DNA-based sequencing panels miss 15-20% of DGRs compared to RNA-based methods (Benayed et al., 2019; Solomon et al., 2020). We modelled the years of life gained by using RNA- instead of DNA-based methods for DGR detection. Methods: We used the IVI-NSCLC open-source model to analyze the relationship between stable disease, progression, and death as previously described in a multi-state model. Previously reported PFS hazard rati
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Vasin, P. A., and I. A. Kulikov. "Training neural networks for automotive computer vision systems considering types of false estimations." Trudy NAMI, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-3-37-47.

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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This article deals with the problem of training artificial neural networks intended to analyze images of the surrounding space in automotive computer vision systems. The conventional training approach implies using loss functions that only improve the overall identification quality making no distinction between types of possible false predictions. However, traffic safety risks associated with different types of prediction errors are unequal being higher for false positive estimations.The purpose of this work is to propose improved loss functions,
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Aras, T., A. Aktaş, S. Kaya, C. F. Bekdik, and M. T. Ercan. "Accumulation of 99mTc-Glutathione in Head and Neck Tumors." Nuklearmedizin 33, no. 05 (1994): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629759.

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SummaryGlutathione labelled with 99mTc was used to study blood clearance and normal distribution in 3 healthy volunteers and in 10 patients with biopsy-proven tumors in the head and neck region. Static scintigrams were obtained at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h. ROIs over tumors and normal soft tissues were compared to obtain T/N ratios. In normal subjects blood clearance reached a plateau at 6 h; no radioactivity accumulation in the head and neck region was observed. Only the cardiac blood pool, the liver, the kidneys and the urinary bladder were evident. Excretion was via the kidneys. Malignant tumors an
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He, Xin, Elaine M. Caoili, Anca M. Avram, Barbra S. Miller, and Tobias Else. "18F-FDG-PET/CT Evaluation of Indeterminate Adrenal Masses in Noncancer Patients." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 5 (2021): 1448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab005.

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Abstract Context Adrenal tumors in noncancer patients are common. Objective Evaluate performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in distinguishing between benign and malignant adrenal tumors. Design Retrospective chart review 2010-2019. Setting Academic institution. Patients One hundred and seventeen noncancer patients, defined as having no history of cancer or with cancer in remission for ≥5 years, completed 18F-FDG-PET/CT to evaluate adrenal masses, with pathologic diagnoses or imaging follow-up (≥12 months). Intervention 18F-FDG-PE
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Møller, Marie, Bue Juvik, Stine Chabert Olesen, et al. "Diagnostic property of direct referral from general practitioners to contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal CT in patients with serious but non-specific symptoms or signs of cancer: a retrospective cohort study on cancer prevalence after 12 months." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (2019): e032019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032019.

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ObjectivesTo describe the diagnostic properties of thoracoabdominal contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT), when general practitioners (GPs) managed referral to ceCT through the non-specific symptoms or signs of cancer-cancer patient pathway (NSSC-CPP).DesignRetrospective cohort study including patients from a part of Denmark.SettingDepartment of Internal Medicine at a university hospital.ParticipantsIn total, 529 patients underwent ceCT.Primary and secondary outcomesOur primary objective was to estimate the negative and positive likelihood ratios for being diagnosed with cancer within 1 year after ceCT.
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35

DAVISON, H. C., M. V. THRUSFIELD, S. MUHARSINI, et al. "Evaluation of antigen detection and antibody detection tests for Trypanosoma evansi infections of buffaloes in Indonesia." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 1 (1999): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899002575.

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Two Ag-ELISAs, an IgG-specific antibody detection ELISA (IgG ELISA) and a card agglutination test (CATT) for the detection of Trypanasoma evansi infections in buffaloes in Indonesia, were compared. Diagnostic sensitivity estimates were obtained by testing sera from 139 Indonesian buffaloes which had been found to be infected by parasitological tests. Diagnostic specificity was estimated by testing sera from 263 buffaloes living in Australia. Response-operating characteristic curves were constructed, and optimal ELISA cut-off values, which minimized the number of false–negative and false–positi
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36

Reesink-Peters, Nathalie, G. Bea A. Wisman, Carmen Jéronimo, et al. "Detecting Cervical Cancer by Quantitative Promoter Hypermethylation Assay on Cervical Scrapings: A Feasibility Study." Molecular Cancer Research 2, no. 5 (2004): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.289.2.5.

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Abstract Current morphology-based cervical cancer screening is associated with significant false-positive and false-negative results. Tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation is frequently present in cervical cancer. It is unknown whether a cervical scraping reflects the methylation status of the underlying epithelium, and it is therefore unclear whether quantitative hypermethylation specific PCR (QMSP) on cervical scrapings could be used as a future screening method augmenting the current approach. Cervical scrapings and paired fresh frozen cervical tissue samples were obtained from 53 cervical
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37

Girton, Mark, Mary Acker, and Lindsay Bazydlo. "Lupus anticoagulant testing for patients on direct oral anticoagulants." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 158, Supplement_1 (2022): S12—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.021.

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Abstract As use of direct factor Xa inhibitor (direct oral anticoagulant; DOAC) therapy increases, a modified lupus anticoagulant (LAC) testing method was studied to remove interfering DOACs, allowing clinicians to evaluate patients for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) without altering anticoagulation treatment. We evaluated the use of DOAC-StopTM on our LAC testing panel with two assays: dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), a factor X activator, and Silica Clotting Time (SCT), an intrinsic coagulation pathway activator. The plasma specimens were pretreated with DOAC-STOPTM beads by mixing
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38

Singh, V. K., N. A. Singh, N. Kumar, et al. "Spore immobilization and its analytical performance for monitoring of aflatoxin M1 in milk." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 12 (2014): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0465.

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Immobilization of Bacillus megaterium spores on Eppendorf tubes through physical adsorption has been used in the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk within real time of 45 ± 5 min using visual observation of changes in a chromogenic substrate. The appearance of a sky-blue colour indicates the absence of AFM1 in milk, whereas no colour change indicates the presence of AFM1 in milk at a 0.5 ppb Codex maximum residue limit. The working performance of the immobilized spores was shown to persist for up to 6 months. Further, spores immobilized on 96-well black microtitre plates by physical adso
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39

Henry, Charles B., Paulene O. Roberts, and Edward B. Overton. "ADVANCING FORENSIC CHEMISTRY OF SPILLED OIL: SELF-NORMALIZING FINGERPRINT INDEXES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (1997): 936–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-936.

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ABSTRACT Forensic approaches for differentiating spilled oils, tar balls, and oil-contaminated sediments by source can be enhanced by converting qualitative GC/MS data to quantitative values and applying statistical data analyses. Such techniques reduce the potential for chemist bias and fatigue that can result in false-positive and false-negative determinations. The suite of indexes used by our laboratory are highly discriminating, resistant to oil weathering and biodegradation, and are not subject to most day-to-day laboratory variances. We have applied the term “self-normalizing fingerprint
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40

Caliesch, Rahel, Martin Sattelmayer, Stephan Reichenbach, Marcel Zwahlen, and Roger Hilfiker. "Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam or pincer morphology in individuals with suspected FAI syndrome: a systematic review." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (2020): e000772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000772.

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ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam or pincer morphology in individuals with suspected femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and to evaluate their clinical utility.DesignA systematic review of studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam and pincer morphology.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for cam, pincer or mixed morphology in symptomatic patients. Patients had to undergo an index test and a referenc
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Marnoch, Catherine A., Lucia Larson, Sherry Weitzen, Maureen G. Phipps, C. James Sung, and Raymond O. Powrie. "A practical approach to using spot urine protein/creatinine ratios for assessing proteinuria in pregnancy." Obstetric Medicine 1, no. 1 (2008): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2008.080001.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio compared with the 24-hour urine protein in pregnancy. Study Design: In this prospective cohort study of inpatient pregnant women, the protein/creatinine ratio and dipstick protein were assessed from a single urine sample collected at the start of the 24-hour urine. Both tests were compared with the 24-hour urine protein for correlation and test characteristics. Results: In the 196 specimens analysed, we found a strong correlation between the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio and 2
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Al-Ali, Safaa, John Chaussard, Sébastien Li-Thiao-Té, et al. "Detection of Ulcerative Colitis Lesions from Weakly Annotated Colonoscopy Videos Using Bounding Boxes." Gastrointestinal Disorders 6, no. 1 (2024): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gidisord6010020.

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease characterized by bleeding and ulcers in the colon. Disease severity assessment via colonoscopy videos is time-consuming and only focuses on the most severe lesions. Automated detection methods enable fine-grained assessment but depend on the training set quality. To suit the local clinical setup, an internal training dataset containing only rough bounding box annotations around lesions was utilized. Following previous works, we propose to use linear models in suitable color spaces to detect lesions. We introduce an efficient sampling scheme for exploring
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Spenger, Johannes, Esther M. Maier, Katharina Wechselberger, et al. "Glutaric Aciduria Type I Missed by Newborn Screening: Report of Four Cases from Three Families." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, no. 2 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns7020032.

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Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-1) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder of the degradation of the amino acids lysine and tryptophan caused by mutations of the GCDH gene encoding glutaryl-CoA-dehydrogenase. Newborn screening (NBS) for this condition is based on elevated levels of glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) in dried blood spots (DBS). Here we report four cases from three families in whom a correctly performed NBS did not detect the condition. Glutarylcarnitine concentrations were either normal (slightly below) or slightly above the cut-off. Ratios to other acylcarnitines were also not persistently
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Orgeira-Crespo, Pedro, Carla Míguez-Álvarez, Miguel Cuevas-Alonso, and María Isabel Doval-Ruiz. "Decision Algorithm for the Automatic Determination of the Use of Non-Inclusive Terms in Academic Texts." Publications 8, no. 3 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications8030041.

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The use of inclusive language, among many other gender equality initiatives in society, has garnered great attention in recent years. Gender equality offices in universities and public administration cannot cope with the task of manually checking the use of non-inclusive language in the documentation that those institutions generate. In this research, an automated solution for the detection of non-inclusive uses of the Spanish language in doctoral theses generated in Spanish universities is introduced using machine learning techniques. A large dataset has been used to train, validate, and anal
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Newby, Jay M., Alison M. Schaefer, Phoebe T. Lee, M. Gregory Forest, and Samuel K. Lai. "Convolutional neural networks automate detection for tracking of submicron-scale particles in 2D and 3D." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 36 (2018): 9026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804420115.

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Particle tracking is a powerful biophysical tool that requires conversion of large video files into position time series, i.e., traces of the species of interest for data analysis. Current tracking methods, based on a limited set of input parameters to identify bright objects, are ill-equipped to handle the spectrum of spatiotemporal heterogeneity and poor signal-to-noise ratios typically presented by submicron species in complex biological environments. Extensive user involvement is frequently necessary to optimize and execute tracking methods, which is not only inefficient but introduces use
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Olisova, Ksenia, Chih-Hsuan Sao, Eric C. Lussier, et al. "Ultrasonographic cervical length screening at 20–24 weeks of gestation in twin pregnancies for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: A 10-year Taiwanese cohort." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0292533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292533.

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Background Shortened cervical length is one of the primary predictors for spontaneous preterm deliveries in twin pregnancies. However, there is lack of consensus regarding cut-off values. Recent evidence highlights that established cut-offs for cervical length screening might not always apply across different populations. This study aims to present the distribution of cervical length in Taiwanese twin pregnancies and to assess its predictive value for spontaneous preterm birth during mid-trimester screening. Materials and methods This retrospective analysis of cervical length screening in Taiw
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47

Yang, Lei, Qingtao Zhao, and Shuyu Wang. "The role of serum periostin in the diagnosis of asthma: A meta-analysis." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 4 (2020): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200038.

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Background: Serum periostin has been proposed as a noninvasive biomarker for asthma diagnosis and management. However, its accuracy for the diagnosis of asthma in different populations is not completely clear. Methods: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of periostin level in the clinical determination of asthma. Several medical literature data bases were searched for relevant studies through December 1, 2019. The numbers of patients with true-positive, false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative results for the periostin level were extracted from each individual
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48

Kopytek, Magdalena, Michał Ząbczyk, Krzysztof P. Malinowski, Anetta Undas, and Joanna Natorska. "DOAC-Remove abolishes the effect of direct oral anticoagulants on activated protein C resistance testing in real-life venous thromboembolism patients." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 58, no. 3 (2020): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0650.

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AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may cause false results of activated protein C resistance (APC-R) ratio. DOAC-Remove, a new reagent based on activated carbon, has been designed to eliminate the interference of DOACs on coagulation assays. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the use of DOAC-Remove enables to determine APC-R in patients treated with DOACs.MethodsWe assessed 74 venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients, including 25 on rivaroxaban, 25 on apixaban and 24 taking dabigatran. APC-R was determined using the Russell Viper Venom Time (RVVT)-based clotting te
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49

Barbedo, Jayme Garcia Arnal. "An Automatic Method to Detect and Measure Leaf Disease Symptoms Using Digital Image Processing." Plant Disease 98, no. 12 (2014): 1709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0290-re.

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A method is presented to detect and quantify leaf symptoms using conventional color digital images. The method was designed to be completely automatic, eliminating the possibility of human error and reducing time taken to measure disease severity. The program is capable of dealing with images containing multiple leaves, further reducing the time taken. Accurate results are possible when the symptoms and leaf veins have similar color and shade characteristics. The algorithm is subject to one constraint: the background must be as close to white or black as possible. Tests showed that the method
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ALMEIDA NETO, Cesar de, Edna STRAUSS, Esther Cerdeira SABINO, Maria Cecília Araripe SUCUPIRA, and Dalton de Alencar Fischer CHAMONE. "Significance of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in blood donors from São Paulo." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 43, no. 4 (2001): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652001000400005.

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The clinical significance of isolated anti-HBc is still a challenge. To elucidate the real importance of this finding in our blood donors, an investigation algorithm was tested. One hundred and twelve isolated anti-HBc seropositive blood donors underwent clinical evaluation and retesting of HBV markers. Those who presented repeatedly reactive isolated anti-HBc, received a single dose of hepatitis B recombinant vaccine to verify anti-HBs early response. A HBV-DNA determination by PCR was done for those who did not test positive to anti-HBs after vaccine. The level of anti-HBc was recorded as a
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