Academic literature on the topic 'Immuno fluorescence microscopy'

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Journal articles on the topic "Immuno fluorescence microscopy"

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Fisher, Phyllis J., William S. Wessels, Allan B. Dietz, and Franklyn G. Prendergast. "Immuno-Fluorescence Scanning Electron Microscopy of Biological Cells." Microscopy Today 18, no. 5 (August 24, 2010): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929510000805.

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can produce striking three-dimensional images of biological cells and tissues with submicron resolution of surface morphology. Such cell surfaces are often complex blends of folds, extrusions, and pockets that may be necessary in the positioning of specific molecules within interaction range of each other. Thus, surface changes can have a spatial control over some molecular functions, and identification of select molecules at distinct morphological locations becomes critical to our understanding of total cell function.
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McMahon, J. T., J. L. Myles, and R. R. Tubbs. "A Novel use of Fluorescence Microscopy in Evaluation of Renal Biopsies." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008667.

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Light, immuno, and electron microscopy are standard for evaluation of renal biopsies. For light microscopy (LM), special stains including PAS and Jones silver methenamine (JSM) are frequently used to enhance recognition of renal anomalies related to disease. We recently discovered that fluorescence microscopy (FM) extends the usefulness of frozen and paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and may presage the findings of immuno and electron microscopy. With UV illumination and reflected light fluorescence excitation, standard histologie sections reveal pathologic glomerular and other renal changes not evident by conventional bright field microscopy and may obviate the need for additional special stains.For frozen sections, tissues mounted on gum tragacanth were snap frozen in isopentane chilled with liquid nitrogen and cryosectioned at a thickness of 4-6 μm. For paraffin sections, tissues were fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin or in Hollande’s fixative (3.6% formalin, 40% picric acid, 25% copper acetate, 1.5% acetic acid) and sectioned at 2-4 μm.
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Diaspro, Alberto, Giuseppe Chirico, and Maddalena Collini. "Two-photon fluorescence excitation and related techniques in biological microscopy." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 38, no. 2 (May 2005): 97–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583505004129.

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1. Introduction 982. Historical background of two-photon effects 992.1 2PE 1002.2 Harmonic generation 1002.3 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 1003. Basic principles of two-photon excitation of fluorescent molecules and implications for microscopy and spectroscopy 1013.1 General considerations 1013.2 Fluorescence intensity under the 2PE condition 1033.3 Optical consequences of 2PE 1043.4 Saturation effects in 2PE 1083.5 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 1093.5.1 Autocorrelation analysis 1103.5.2 Photon-counting histogram analysis 1124. Two-photon-excited probes 1155. Design considerations for a 2PE fluorescence microscope 1195.1 General aspects 1195.2 Descanned and non-descanned 2PE imaging 1215.3 Lens objectives and pulse broadening 1225.4 Laser sources 1255.5 Example of a practical realization 1276. Applications 1346.1 Biological applications of 2PE 1346.1.1 Brain images 1346.1.2 Applications on the kidney 1396.1.3 Mammalian embryos 1396.1.4 Applications to immuno-response 1416.1.5 Myocytes 1416.1.6 Retina 1426.1.7 DNA imaging 1436.1.8 FISH applications 1446.2 2PE imaging of single molecules 1446.3 FCS applications 1486.4 Signals from nonlinear interactions 1517. Conclusions 1538. Acknowledgements 1549. References 155This review is concerned with two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (2PE) and related techniques, which are probably the most important advance in optical microscopy of biological specimens since the introduction of confocal imaging. The advent of 2PE on the scene allowed the design and performance of many unimaginable biological studies from the single cell to the tissue level, and even to whole animals, at a resolution ranging from the classical hundreds of nanometres to the single molecule size. Moreover, 2PE enabled long-term imaging of in vivo biological specimens, image generation from deeper tissue depth, and higher signal-to-noise images compared to wide-field and confocal schemes. However, due to the fact that up to this time 2PE can only be considered to be in its infancy, the advantages over other techniques are still being evaluated. Here, after a brief historical introduction, we focus on the basic principles of 2PE including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The major advantages and drawbacks of 2PE-based experimental approaches are discussed and compared to the conventional single-photon excitation cases. In particular we deal with the fluorescence brightness of most used dyes and proteins under 2PE conditions, on the optical consequences of 2PE, and the saturation effects in 2PE that mostly limit the fluorescence output. A complete section is devoted to the discussion of 2PE of fluorescent probes. We then offer a description of the central experimental issues, namely: choice of microscope objectives, two-photon excitable dyes and fluorescent proteins, choice of laser sources, and effect of the optics on 2PE sensitivity. An inevitably partial, but vast, overview of the applications and a large and up-to-date bibliography terminate the review. As a conclusive comment, we believe that 2PE and related techniques can be considered as a mainstay of the modern biophysical research milieu and a bright perspective in optical microscopy.
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Paupard, Marie-Christine, Agnes Miller, Barth Grant, David Hirsh, and David H. Hall. "Immuno-EM Localization of GFP-tagged Yolk Proteins in C. Elegans Using Microwave Fixation." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 49, no. 8 (August 2001): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540104900803.

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Because of the presence of a low-permeability cuticle covering the animal, fixation of C. elegans tissue for immunoelectron microscopy has proved very difficult. Here we applied a microwave fixation protocol to improve penetration of fixatives before postembedding immunogold labeling. Using this technique, we were able to successfully localize several components of yolk (YP170) trafficking in both wild-type and transgenic strains expressing a vitellogenin::green fluorescent protein fusion (YP170::GFP). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants are commonly used as markers to localize proteins in transgenic C. elegans using fluorescence microscopy. We have developed a robust method to localize GFP at the EM level. This procedure is applicable to the characterization of transgenic strains in which GFP is used to mark particular proteins or cell types and will undoubtedly be very useful for high-resolution analysis of marked structures. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:949–956, 2001)
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Lange, Felix, Paola Agüi-Gonzalez, Dietmar Riedel, Nhu T. N. Phan, Stefan Jakobs, and Silvio O. Rizzoli. "Correlative fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (CLEM-SIMS) for cellular imaging." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): e0240768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240768.

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Electron microscopy (EM) has been employed for decades to analyze cell structure. To also analyze the positions and functions of specific proteins, one typically relies on immuno-EM or on a correlation with fluorescence microscopy, in the form of correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Nevertheless, neither of these procedures is able to also address the isotopic composition of cells. To solve this, a correlation with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) would be necessary. SIMS has been correlated in the past to EM or to fluorescence microscopy in biological samples, but not to CLEM. We achieved this here, using a protocol based on transmission EM, conventional epifluorescence microscopy and nanoSIMS. The protocol is easily applied, and enables the use of all three technologies at high performance parameters. We suggest that CLEM-SIMS will provide substantial information that is currently beyond the scope of conventional correlative approaches.
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Lammert, Frank. "Cholesterol crystal binding of biliary immuno-globulin A: visualization by fluorescence light microscopy." World Journal of Gastroenterology 7, no. 2 (2001): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v7.i2.198.

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Karreman, Matthia A., Alexandra V. Agronskaia, Elly G. van Donselaar, Karin Vocking, Farzad Fereidouni, Bruno M. Humbel, C. Theo Verrips, Arie J. Verkleij, and Hans C. Gerritsen. "Optimizing immuno-labeling for correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy on a single specimen." Journal of Structural Biology 180, no. 2 (November 2012): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2012.09.002.

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LIU, Miaomiao, Jun XIE, Hailing ZHENG, Yang ZHOU, Bing WANG, and Zhiwen HU. "Identification of Ancient Silk Using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immuno-fluorescence Microscopy." Analytical Sciences 31, no. 12 (2015): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.1317.

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TRUJILLO, O., C. GRIFFIS, Y. LI, and M. SLAVIK. "A MACHINE VISION SYSTEM USING IMMUNO-FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY FOR RAPID RECOGNITION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM." Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology 9, no. 2 (August 2001): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2001.tb00234.x.

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Kinoshita, Takaaki, Yosio Mori, Kazumi Hirano, Shinya Sugimoto, Ken-ichi Okuda, Shunsuke Matsumoto, Takeshi Namiki, et al. "Immuno-Electron Microscopy of Primary Cell Cultures from Genetically Modified Animals in Liquid by Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614000178.

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AbstractHigh-throughput immuno-electron microscopy is required to capture the protein–protein interactions realizing physiological functions. Atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM) allowsin situcorrelative light and electron microscopy of samples in liquid in an open atmospheric environment. Cells are cultured in a few milliliters of medium directly in the ASEM dish, which can be coated and transferred to an incubator as required. Here, cells were imaged by optical or fluorescence microscopy, and at high resolution by gold-labeled immuno-ASEM, sometimes with additional metal staining. Axonal partitioning of neurons was correlated with specific cytoskeletal structures, including microtubules, using primary-culture neurons from wild typeDrosophila, and the involvement of ankyrin in the formation of the intra-axonal segmentation boundary was studied using neurons from anankyrin-deficient mutant. Rubella virus replication producing anti-double-stranded RNA was captured at the host cell’s plasma membrane. Fas receptosome formation was associated with clathrin internalization near the surface of primitive endoderm cells. Positively charged Nanogold clearly revealed the cell outlines of primitive endoderm cells, and the cell division of lactic acid bacteria. Based on these experiments, ASEM promises to allow the study of protein interactions in various complexes in a natural environment of aqueous liquid in the near future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immuno fluorescence microscopy"

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Abdul-Majeed, Shakila. "Regulation of Fluid-Shear Stress Sensing by Mechanosensory Primary Cilia." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1310083302.

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Bornemann, Lea [Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Gunzer. "Exploring immune cell migration and its prognostic and diagnostic potential by time-lapse video and light sheet fluorescence microscopy / Lea Bornemann ; Betreuer: Matthias Gunzer." Duisburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234911256/34.

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Wiklund, Sofia. "Effects on immune cell viability, morphology and proliferation in a sub-microliter cell sampler system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-89982.

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Today,   most traditional method used in the research of immune cells, such as flow   cytometry and microscopy, are based on average values of cell responses.   However, immune cells are heterogeneous and respond differently to a given   stimuli. There is also a risk that important, but rare, behaviors of   individual cells are missed when a larger population of immune cells is   analyzed. Also, flow cytometry and microscopy do not allow long-term survival   of cells; these methods lack the ability to do dynamic long-term analysis of   motile immune cells, i.e. studies of cell-cell interactions, morphology and proliferation.   In a   patient who is affected by cancer, the cell heterogeneity contributes to the   ability to battle various types of cancer or virus infections. In an   outbreak, immune cells recognize and kill tumor cells. However, the number of   specific immune cells is sometimes too few to kill all the tumor cells in a   successful way. One way to help these patients is to isolate, select out and   cultivate the active immune cells with capacity to kill tumor cells.   The   Cell Physic Laboratory (a part of the department of Applied Physics) at the   Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) has developed a method for single-cell   analysis where the immune cells are trapped in microwells in a silicon chip.   The immune cells are then studied by using fluorescence microscopy in an   inverted setup. The method enables high-throughput experiments due to the   parallelization. Furthermore, since the immune cells survive long periods in   the chip, the cells can be analyzed over several days up to weeks. The   research group has also developed a semi-automatic ‘cell-picker’. The   cell-picker will be used in combination with the developed method for   single-cell analysis, which enables picking of cells of interest. In this report, experiments for the characterization and evaluation of the biocompatibility of two generations of the cell-picker will be presented. The experiments include development of a protocol for the cell-picking process, studies of the survival time of transferred cells for both generation of the cell-picker and studies of surface coating in the chip in order to increase the biocompatibility. The preliminary results indicate that the cell-picker has potential to be used as a selection tool for immune cells of interest.
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Jaouën, Alexandre. "Etablissement d'un protocole haut débit d'acquisition et d'analyse d'images pour les études précliniques par microscopie bi-photonique intravitale multispectrale : application à l'étude de la neuroinflammation provoquée par un modèle murin de sclérose en plaque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0619/document.

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La sclérose en plaques est une maladie chronique, auto-immune et neurodégénérative qui se traduit par l’apparition de plaques inflammatoires démyélinisantes dans le système nerveux central. Pour caractériser la réponse immunitaire innée, j’ai développé des outils d’imagerie optique non linéaire multispectrale intravitale, et des solutions semi automatisées d’analyse d’images. J’ai participé à la mise au point d’un protocole d’identification des phénotypes immunitaires en cytométrie. Ces outils appliqués à l’étude de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale, un modèle murin de SEP, ont permis d’analyser la cascade immunitaire par immunomarquages et marquages fluorescents transgéniques, de décrire les distributions des populations cellulaires dans le SNC, et de les associer à la dégradation axonale sur des échelles de temps de la seconde à la semaine. Sur une lignée de souris transgénique, Thy1-CFP/Cd11c-EYFP/LysM-EGFP, j’ai suivi en microscopie biphotonique l’évolution des densités de cellules fluorescentes dans la moelle épinière pendant plusieurs semaines. J’ai conclu que la dégénération axonale et les déficits moteurs sont corrélés avec l’infiltration par les méninges de neutrophiles et monocytes. Les monocytes se différencient in situ en cellules dendritiques d’origine monocytaire (moDCs) parallèlement à l'activation de la microglie. Ces événements cellulaires, dont la maturation des moDCs sont corrélés avec la résorption de l’inflammation. La méthodologie est en place pour poursuivre ces investigations sur d’autres modèles. L’optimisation du microscope m’a aussi permis d’accéder simultanément au contraste endogène CARS pour visualiser la gaine de myéline
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic auto-immune neurodegenerative disease characterized by the appearance of inflammatory plaques in the central nervous system. To characterize the innate immune response I have developed nonlinear optical tools for intravital multispectral imaging as well as semi-automated image processing solutions. I also contributed to the development of a flow cytometry protocol allowing the identification of immune cell phenotypes. Applied to study of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of MS, these tools have allowed to analyze the immune cascade thanks to immunolabelings and transgenic expression of fluorescence, describe the distributions of cell populations in the CNS with regard to neuron degeneration on time scales ranging from seconds to weeks. On a transgenic mouse line Thy1-CFP/Cd11c-EYFP/LysM-EGFP, I have followed by two-photon microscopy the evolution of fluorescent cells densities in the same area of the spinal cord for several weeks. I conclude that axonal degeneration and motor deficits are correlated with neutrophils and monocytes infiltration from the meninges. The monocytes differentiate in situ in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) along with the recruitment of activated microglia. These cellular events correlated with a stabilization/remission phase of the disease. MoDCS maturation thus seems involved in the dampening of inflammation. Methodology and tools are now set for further investigations with other models. The microscope optimization for multicolor excitation allowed me to access simultaneously to the endogenous CARS contrast to visualize the myelin sheath
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Khorshidi, Mohammad Ali. "Live Single Cell Imaging and Analysis Using Microfluidic Devices." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129278.

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Today many cell biological techniques study large cell populations where an average estimate of individual cells’ behavior is observed. On the other hand, single cell analysis is required for studying functional heterogeneities between cells within populations. This thesis presents work that combines the use of microfluidic devices, optical microscopy and automated image analysis to design various cell biological assays with single cell resolution including cell proliferation, clonal expansion, cell migration, cell-cell interaction and cell viability tracking. In fact, automated high throughput single cell techniques enable new studies in cell biology which are not possible with conventional techniques. In order to automatically track dynamic behavior of single cells, we developed a microwell based device as well as a droplet microfluidic platform. These high throughput microfluidic assays allow automated time-lapse imaging of encapsulated single cells in micro droplets or confined cells inside microwells. Algorithms for automatic quantification of cells in individual microwells and micro droplets are developed and used for the analysis of cell viability and clonal expansion. The automatic counting protocols include several image analysis steps, e.g. segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The automatic quantification results were evaluated by comparing with manual counting and revealed a high success rate. In combination these automatic cell counting protocols and our microfluidic platforms can provide statistical information to better understand behavior of cells at the individual level under various conditions or treatments in vitro exemplified by the analysis of function and regulation of immune cells. Thus, together these tools can be used for developing new cellular imaging assays with resolution at the single cell level. To automatically characterize transient migration behavior of natural killer (NK) cells compartmentalized in microwells, we developed a method for single cell tracking. Time-lapse imaging showed that the NK cells often exhibited periods of high motility, interrupted with periods of slow migration or complete arrest. These transient migration arrest periods (TMAPs) often overlapped with periods of conjugations between NK cells and target cells. Such conjugation periods sometimes led to cell-mediated killing of target cells. Analysis of cytotoxic response of NK cells revealed that a small sub-class of NK cells called serial killers was able to kill several target cells. In order to determine a starting time point for cell-cell interaction, a novel technique based on ultrasound was developed to aggregate NK and target cells into the center of the microwells. Therefore, these assays can be used to automatically and rapidly assess functional and migration behavior of cells to detect differences between health and disease or the influence of drugs. The work presented in this thesis gives good examples of how microfluidic devices combined with automated imaging and image analysis can be helpful to address cell biological questions where single cell resolution is necessary.

QC 20130927

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Hegermann, Jan. "Untersuchungen von Cytoskelett-Komponenten und Motilität bei Mycoplasma pneumoniae." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AD8A-5.

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Books on the topic "Immuno fluorescence microscopy"

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Moore, Sarah, and Kasipathy Kailasapathy. Cellular Interactions of Probiotic Bacteria with Intestinal and Immune Cells. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Immuno fluorescence microscopy"

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Tabata, Keisuke, Atsuki Nara, Hiroko Omori, and Eiji Morita. "Immuno-localization of ESCRT Proteins in Virus-Infected Cells by Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 73–92. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9492-2_6.

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A. Matthay, Zachary, and Lucy Zumwinkle Kornblith. "Platelet Imaging." In Platelets. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91736.

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The knowledge gained through imaging platelets has formed the backbone of our understanding of their biology in health and disease. Early investigators relied on conventional light microscopy with limited resolution and were primarily able to identify the presence and basic morphology of platelets. The advent of high resolution technologies, in particular, electron microscopy, accelerated our understanding of the dynamics of platelet ultrastructure dramatically. Further refinements and improvements in our ability to localize and reliably identify platelet structures have included the use of immune-labeling techniques, correlative-fluorescence light and electron microscopy, and super-resolution microscopies. More recently, the expanded development and application of intravital microscopy in animal models has enhanced our knowledge of platelet functions and thrombus formation in vivo, as these experimental systems most closely replicate native biological environments. Emerging improvements in our ability to characterize platelets at the ultrastructural and organelle levels include the use of platelet cryogenic electron tomography with quantitative, unbiased imaging analysis, and the ability to genetically label platelet features with electron dense markers for analysis by electron microscopy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Immuno fluorescence microscopy"

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Schilling, Nicolas. "A cryo-preparation approach for immuno-fluorescence labelling of cell cultures and CLEM." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.867.

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Moffat, E. H., R. H. Furlong, A. L. Bloom, and J. C. Giddings. "A MURINE MODEL FOR FACTOR VIII ANTIBODY ANTI-IDIOTYPE REAGENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644030.

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The regulation of factor VIII antibody (FVIIIAb) production in haemophilic and non-haemophilic patients may be effected by anti-idiotype (Aid) antibodies which specifically react with FVIIIAb. Aid antibodies (reagents) were prepared from rabbits immunised with murine monoclonal FVIIIAb. Immuno fluorescent microscopy and cell culture studies were performed using murine hybridoma cells which secreted the FVIIIAbs.Immuno fluorescence studies examined the ability of the Aid reagents to bind to acetone fixed FVIIIAb secreting hybridoma cells. Positive surface membrane and intra-cytoplasmic staining patterns were seen with the Aid reagent when incubated with the corresponding murine hybridoma cell line. This reaction was blocked subsequent to the addition of the corresponding monoclonal FVIIIAb but was preserved when unrelated monoclonal FVIIIAb was incubated with the hybridoma cells. No fluorescence was observed when Aid reagent was incubated with unrelated FVIIIAb secreting hybridoma cultures.Following the addition of Aid reagent to FVIIIAb secreting hybridoma cultures and incubation for 19 hours, the resultant hybridoma supernatants were examined for FVIIIAb content using an immunoradiometric technique. The Aid reagent failed to inhibit FVIIIAb secretion by hybridoma cells. Thus, although Aid reagents were capable of binding to fixed FVIIIAb secreting cells, they failed to inhibit FVIIIAb secretion from hybridoma cultures. The conjugation of Aid reagent with immunotoxin may however have cytotoxic potential. The murine model provides a method for the study of Aid regulation of FVIIIAb production in haemophilia.
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Li, Yue, and Tzu-Ming Liu. "Visualizing Morphodynamics and Metabolic Status of Immune Microenvironment with Harmonic Generation and Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy." In Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/microscopy.2020.mm4a.2.

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Störkel, F., I. Scharrer, L. Hovy, J. Rüdigier, and S. Störkel. "HAEMOPHILIC ARTHROPATHY: IMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND SYNOVITIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644023.

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Up to now questions of pathogenisis in hemophilic arthropathy are still remaining, i.e. humoral mediated imnunological mechanisms (type II/III reactions) are supposed to play an important role (Arnold and Hilgartner (1977), Rippjey (1978)). Therefore we investigated synovial tissue by imnunohistologic technique using antibodies against IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3, fibrinogen ando61-ACT. First we examined synovial membrane biopsies (n=7; non-haemo-philic) following acute traumatic joint bleeding, to study the first and acute bleeding/absorption pahase. Light microscopy showed typical changes as described before by Roy et al. 1967. Iirrnunohistological results revealed negativity for immunoglobulins and complement components in general, whereas fibrinogen and α1-ACT showed marked intensity of fluorescence.Secondly synovial membrane biopsies (n=7) of haemophiliacs who have had recurrent joint bleedings were examined, in the same way. In light microscopy we found typical synovial alterations as described by Mohr (1984) . Immunohistology shewed negativity for immunoglobulins and complement components and the intensity of fluorescence of fibrinogen and α1 -ACT was lower as in patients with acute traumatic joint bleeding.At last synovial tissue specimens (n=2) of patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis were investigated. Light microscopy was in aquaintance with findings of FaBbender (1976) . The imnuno-histological results were similar to those aforementioned. Conclusions: 1) There is no evidence that acute or chronic joint bleeding causes a humoral mediated immune reaction in synovial membrane. 2) In the contrary the inflammatory reaction leeds to detritus-synovialitis, supported by recurrent bleeding episodes. Concequences for clinical management: a) prevention of joint bleeding b) joint-pxinction in cause of bleeding, to reduce the intraarticular haematcma c) synovectomy to prevent the progress of arthropathy.
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