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1
Kopecký, Jindřich Bc. "Nozokomiální infekce v lůžkovém zdravotnickém zařízení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1583.
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Nozokomiální infekce jsou v současné době významnou příčinou vzrůstající morbidity a mortality ve všech zdravotnických zařízení. Neznalost či ignorance metod prevence nozokomiálních nákaz může vést k závažnému ohrožení zdraví a života pacienta a výraznému zvýšení nákladů na léčbu. Práce komplexně představuje problematiku nozokomiálních nákaz a jejich efektů na lůžkové zdravotnické zařízení. Pozornost je věnována charakteristice procesu šíření nákaz, popsání současného stavu ve sledování a prevenci nákaz a konečně popsání situace v jedné nemocnici okresního typu.
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Máca, Ondřej. "Endoparazitární infekce ve farmovém odchovu bažanta obecného (Phasianus colchicus) a orebice rudé (Alectoris rufa) (Galliformes: Phasianidae)." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259729.
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The entire infection process was monitored over four seasons (2012-2015) by a targeted and systematic study of ring-necked pheasants and red-legged partridges from an intensive artificial breeding programme in the Czech Republic, with focus on studying the transmission dynamics throughout the breeding process, from hatching up to release of birds to open area, in connection with timing of appropriate and effective application of drugs. 1752 pooled excrement samples were examined (745 from pheasants and 1007 from partridges). Post-mortem examinations were performed on 625 dead birds (514 pheasants and 111 partridges). Main infections of A. rufa and P. colchicus comprised representatives of the protozoa genera Eimeria and Cryptosporidium; as well as nematodes Capillaria
s.l., Heterakis gallinarum and Syngamus trachea.
Identification of oocyst isolates of Cryptosporidium baileyi, C. meleagridis anf C. galli were supported
and characterized by nested PCR of heat shock protein 70
(HSP70), actin and 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) genes.
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WAGNEROVÁ, Pavla. "Endoparazitární infekce koní." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54789.
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A total of 587 faecal samples were collected from 98 horses of different age from three farms with various breeding system (pasture, stable and combination) in the South Bohemia, Czech Republic during three consecutive years (from 2009 to 2011), and screened for the presence of endoparasites, especially these inhabiting gastrointestinal tract and lung, using standard parasitological methods including flotation, sedimentation and staining methods. Moreover presence of Encephalitozoon spp. was detected using genus specific nested PCR. Small strongyles were the most common nematodes among studied horses. The age of animals was evaluated as a risk factor in relation to Eimeria leuckarti, Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris equorum infection in foals. The resistance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae) to benzimidazol anthelmintics has been revealed only on one of the visited farm. Most of examined animals were mono-infected. The breeding of horses in the stable represent management system with lowest risk in relation to parasitic infection of animals. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of human pathogenic Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I in horses.
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Prakash, Shankaran. "Efekt hem arginátu na akutní infekci HIV-1 a na reaktivaci latentní infekce." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354437.
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The available antiretroviral compounds can effectively suppress the replication of HIV-1 and block the disease progression. However it is impossible to eradicate the virus from the organism as the HIV-1 integrated in the genome is not affected by the existing anti-HIV-1 drugs. Therefore, new latency reversing agents are being actively developed as part of "shock and kill" therapy to reactivate the provirus and clear the reservoir. Normosang (heme arginate; HA) is a human hemin- containing compound used to treat acute porphyria. Heme is physiologically catabolised by heme oxygenases to form iron (Fe2+ ), carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin that is further converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. In this study, we have demonstrated that HA inhibited HIV-1 replication during the acute infection, which was accompanied by the inhibition of reverse transcription. On the other hand, HA synergised with phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA) and reactivated the HIV-1 provirus in ACH-2 cells and the HIV-1 "mini-virus" in Jurkat cell clones A2 and H12. HIV-1 ''mini-virus'' was reactivated also by HA-alone. Further, we have studied the effects of heme degradation products on latent HIV-1 reactivation when added individually. We employed addition of ascorbate to generate Fe2+ , resulting in an increased...
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Gojiš, Ondřej. "Fokální infekce a RTG." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-272142.
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Focal infection is much debated and denounced topic. Currently, during development diagnostic and therapeutic methods are again coming to the fore. Effect of remote tissues and organs infectious inflammation can occur in three ways, and metastatic infections metastatic inflammation, and metastatic hepatic. The most common diseases of the tissues of the oral cavity the consequences of long-term persistence of bacteria / carious destruction of teeth, chronic periodontitis and chronic inflammation of the periodontal /.
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KAŠIČKOVÁ, Denisa. "Mikrosporidiové infekce exotických ptáků." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50054.
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The prevalence of microsporidial infection among different species of exotic birds was screened using molecular methods. Moreover, the course of microsporidial spores excretion by naturally infected budgerigars was monitored during 30 days long period and subsequently, the site of the infection in tissues of these budgerigars was attempted to be located using histology, electron microscopy and molecular methods.
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TYML, Tomáš. "Myxosporeové infekce rejskovitých (Soricidae)." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50073.
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Štrofová, Simona. "Detekce infekce Helicobacter pylori." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296442.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Simona Štrofová Supervisor: PharmDr. Barbora Voxová Title of diploma thesis: Detection of Helicobacter pylori infection Abstract The issue of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a very hot topic in gastroenterology and it evolves rapidly due to a great amount of new information. HP is a spiral bacterium colonizating human gaster and duodenum. The bacterium itself is adapted to the acid enviroment of the gaster. Since its first characterization by Marshall and Warren in 1984, the HP has been known as an agens causeing gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Besides its well-demonstrated role in gastroduodenal disease, some authors have proposed a link between HP and number of extragastric disease involving the cardiovascular, dermatological, hematological and immunological systems. The HP infection can be diagnosed by several methods. These are classified as either invasive or non-invasive according to the use of endoscopy. The invasive ones are histological examination, rapid urease test, cultivation and some molecular techniques. The non-invasive ones are serological examination, breath test and a detection of HP antigen in stools. The last method mentioned is simple,...
9
Bartovská, Zofia. "Vybrané aspekty imunopatogeneze HIV infekce." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311627.
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Introduction: Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are crucial to suppress the viral replication in HIV infection. Their functional status is important as well. Also, the chronic nonspecific immune activation of T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Aim of the study: To analyze the frequency and functional status of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and the expression of nonspecific activation markers on B and T cells in HIV+ patients and to assess the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on these parameters. Patients and methods: Our cohort included 80 HIV+ patients: 36 HIV+ patients on cART, 18 patients without therapy, in whom cART was introduced during our study, 9 patients without therapy, 10 patients with primary HIV infection, 3 long-term non-progressors and 4 patients initially on cART, in whom the therapy was discontinued. Control group consisted of 34 HIV- healthy individuals. We examined CD4+ a CD8+ T cell counts, viral load, expression of nonspecific activation markers on T cells and the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by ELISpot method and flow cytometry using MHC tetramers and intracellular cytokine detection. Results: No significant differences in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were found between treated and untreated HIV+ patients. The frequency...
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WAGNEROVÁ, Pavla. "Kryptosporidiové a mikrosporidiové infekce koní." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200695.
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Reischig, Tomáš. "Cytomegalovirová infekce po transplantaci ledviny." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278237.
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1 SUMMARY Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a common infectious complication in patients after solid organ transplantation. The last decade witnessed major advances in CMV disease prevention. Use of universal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy resulted in a decrease in the incidence of CMV disease from 20-60% to 5-20%. However, the efficacy of preventive approaches in terms of indirect effects of CMV occurrence is problematic. Association with allograft rejection belongs to well documented and clinically extremely important indirect effects of CMV with a prolonged adverse impact on graft survival. Potential mechanisms include overexpression of major histocompatibility complex molecules, growth factors and cytokines, and upregulation of adhesion molecules. A number of questions remain to be answered in evaluating CMV as a risk factor for acute rejection. While CMV disease is associated with an increased incidence of acute rejection, data regarding the role of asymptomatic CMV viremia are controversial. In our research we evaluated the role of CMV in pathogenesis of allograft rejection in the era of modern immunosuppression and CMV prophylaxis as well as optimal preventive strategy to minimize impact of CMV. In the first trial, renal transplant (RTx) recipients were followed prospectively for 12 months to...
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ŠEBESTOVÁ, Barbora. "Mikrosporidiové infekce ve vodním prostředí." Master's thesis, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-43034.
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Stavrovský, Tomáš. "Trestní odpovědnost za šíření HIV infekce." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396150.
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The goal of my master thesis is to introduce the subject of criminal liability for spreading the HIV virus and to prompt the discussion of the expediency level of current legislation. Furthermore, it is also to introduce individual concepts of punishment for spreading the HIV virus and offer alternatives which are in this context self-evident. My thesis begins with the introduction, it then continues with three general chapters, two analytic chapters and a conclusion. The introduction presents the core sources of work and the methodology. The second chapter following the introduction is the explanation of the basic general connections to the phenomena of HIV and AIDS, in regards to new research which concerns curing and preventing the spread of the HIV infection, along with the historical context in which the debate about HIV and AIDS evolved, especially in Czechoslovakia, more specifically the Czech Republic. Furthermore it lists individual concepts of understanding this issue in specific countries as practical examples. The third chapter introduces the legislation that establishes the criminal liability for spreading HIV. I paid special attention to domestic legislation and particularly the law concerning public health, and the Criminal Code. The fourth chapter introduces in greater detail...
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Hrbáček, Jan. "Význam infekce v etiopatogenezi karcinomu prostaty." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328701.
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Thesis summary A number of studies have addressed the role of genitourinary infections in prostate cancer (PC) pathogenesis since 1980's. Identification of an infectious agent responsible for prostatic carcinogenesis would make it possible to screen for and prevent the disease in exposed populations. In our project, we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to selected genit- ourinary pathogens in patients with histopathological evidence of PC and in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We were testing the hypothesis that PC patients would be more likely to harbor antibodies than controls. This would favor the in- fectious theory of PC initiation. In case of human papillomavirus (HPV), tissue ana- lyses were performed aimed at the detection of HPV DNA in prostatic tissue samples. To our knowledge, we were the first to look for a potential association between PC and Mycoplasma hominis/Ureaplasma urealyticum infection. Men with PC were more likely to have U. urealyticum antibodies. We analyzed the subset of PC patients to find whether infection may change PC biological behavior, with a null result. Other data obtained in our study support the negative findings from the majority of previously published studies. Besides the abovementioned results, an original contribution of this work lies in the...
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Kříž, Jaroslav Thierry. "Vztah chlamydiové infekce k chronické pánevní bolesti." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322652.
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Summary: Impact of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on chronic pelvic pain. The aim of the study was to determine whether women with chronic pelvic pain and Chlamydia infection differ from women with chronic pelvic pain without Chlamydia infection in respect of findings on laparoscopy and sexual behaviour. In a study conducted from April 2006 to December 2009, we monitored a group of 129 female patients suffering from chronic pelvic pain of more than 6 months duration. All monitored patients underwent laparoscopy, and during the procedure, swabs were taken from their Fallopian tubes and cervix, which were immunofluorescensed for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. The patients were divided into two groups (Chlamydia positive and Chlamydia negative) according to the presence of Chlamydia antigen. The patients completed questionnaires covering the age at first sexual intercourse, number of lifetime and current sexual partners, frequency of sexual intercourse and the method of contraception. The differences in findings on laparoscopy and questionnaire results of women with positive and negative proof of Chlamydia infection were studied. Fisher's exact test was used for data description and group differences analysis. We observed that 30,2% (n=39) of a cohort of 129 women with chronic pelvic pain were...
16
Al-Talib, Tamara Nadhim. "Infekce způsobené lidským papillomavirem a primární prevence." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-285535.
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I chose the theme of my diploma thesis, HPV infections and primary prevention based on its evolving investigations and the importance of its prevention in hopefully reducing the burden of its clinical outcomes including cervical cancer. This review will summarized HPV infections and their role in carcinogenesis as well as the several preventive methods available in the hopes of reducing its incidence.
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HANZLÍKOVÁ, Dagmar. "Kryptosporidiové a mikrospordidiové infekce ve chovech prasat." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48882.
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The cryptosporidia and microsporidia are worldwide spread opportunistic parasites. With regard to their wide host spectra and zoonotic potential there is a significant risk for immunocompromised humans, especially AIDS patients. Natural Cryptosporidium infections in pigs are widespread but generally apathogenic. A total of 411 faecal samples, 39 of sows, 127 of pre-weaned, 122 of post-weaned piglets and 123 of pre-growers from three farms were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. infection using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method and positive molecular characterized (direct sequencing of partial SSU rRNA partial genes and PCR-RFLP at the SSU rRNA). Overall, infections were detected in 84 out of 411 animals (20 %), with highest infection rates among post-weaners (27 %). All positive samples were genotyped based on SSU rRNA sequence analysis. C. suis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, and C. muris were detected. The microsporidial infections are very frequent in breeds of pigs. Pigs have been frequently reported to be infected with E. bieneusi. Spores were detected in 258 samples of 342 (75 %). The high prevalence was determined in pre-growers (86 %). Genotyping based on the ITS regions of the rRNA gene identified that most pigs were infected with the species-specific genotype F, while two animals had the zoonotic genotype D and two had genotype Peru 9.
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SÝKOROVÁ, Žaneta. "Informovanost obyvatelstva při výskytu epidemického ohniska infekce." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80597.
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Population´s Awareness in Case of Epidemic Infection Herd Occurrence This diploma work deals with the problem of biological weapons. It consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes biological weapons in general, the options of their use and the principles of population´s protection. Further, I focussed on selected diseases which are considered to present biological weapons. The information I acquired is based on technical literature, the internet and the current legislation. The practical part of my diploma work deals with the opinions and attitudes of the Czech population concerning biological weapons and the potential risks of being exposed to biological weapons. Further I tried to find out whether the Czech population is aware of the basic issues of the problem in question. At the same time I focussed on comparing the state of awareness in the age groups of the economically active population on the one side and senior citizens on the other side. The research results have shown that the issue of biological weapons tends not to be appreciated adequately and that the opinions found in both age groups do not show significant differences. Further, an analysis of the acquired data has shown that the rate of awareness of the basic issues of the problem is low and that the population lacks sufficient information how to respond to a biological weapon attack in case of suspected assault. Differences in the level of awareness in the studied age groups have not been confirmed. The research has also shown that the respondents feel they do not have access to sources of sufficient and adequate information on biological weapons. Based on the acquired facts I have written a brochure providing information on biological weapons as well as on the recommended measures in case of suspected exposure. I have also elaborated a proposal concerning the implementation of the project and the distribution of the brochure.
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HAVRDOVÁ, Nikola. "Laparotomické infekce hostitelů střevními a žaludečními kryptosporidiemi." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252127.
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Cryptosporidium are protozoan parasites that infect the gastrointestinal epithelium of various vertebrate hosts. The genus has two major phylogenetic groups: a gastric group that infect the epithelium of the stomach and an intestinal group that infect the epithelium of the small and large intestine. Cryptosporidium are transmitted by the faecal-oral route and infect epithelial cells following excystation of the environmental oocyst stage. It has been proposed that excystation of intestinal species is triggered by exposure to the acidic stomach contents, although this has not been verified experimentally. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to stomach contents is necessary for in vivo infection by the intestinal species C. parvum and whether passage through the intestine is necessary for the gastric species C. proliferans to cause infection. It was shown that purified and non-purified oocysts of C. parvum were infectious for SCID mice following surgical inoculation directly into different parts of the small intestine, demonstrating that passage through the stomach is not necessary for infection by this intestinal species. Inoculation of the jejunum resulted in a course of infection similar to oral inoculation. Cryptosporidium proliferans was infectious for na?ve SCID mice following surgical extraction from the stomach of infected SCID mice, demonstrating that passage through the small intestine is not necessary for infection by this gastric species. However, surgical inoculation of C. proliferans oocysts directly into the intestinum tenue did not cause infection.
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Tomanová, Tereza. "Analýza protilátkové odpovědi u BK virové infekce." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397570.
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BK virus is a human polyomavirus which is highly prevalent in the population. The virus is usually not very dangerous to its host, but it may cause complicati- ons in immunosuppressed patients. These complications commonly appear after kidney transplantation because BK virus persists in kidney epithelial cells. There are four subtypes of BK virus and it might be clinically important to screen for the identity of subtypes in matched pairs of donors and recipients of the kidney. This determination of the subtype specific antibodies by simple test could help to manage complications after the surgery. During previous project the ELISA test that could serologically differentiate between two main BK virus subtypes (I and IV) was designed, but its development is complicated by the fact that there is a strong cross-reactivity between the BK virus subtypes and antibodies. The modification of antigen towards better specificity might be required to succeed. Consequently, the main aim of this diploma thesis was to map important spots of major capsid protein VP1 of BK virus, particulary in EF and DE loops, which could participate in binding of antibodies. This aim was addressed by targeted mutagenesis of the gene coding VP1 protein in the region of the respective loop. Nucleotides coding two surface aminoacids...
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Chalupová, Barbora. "Haemoproteus u pěvců: prevalence a dynamika infekce." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436132.
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The genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium are widespread genera of blood parasites from phylum Apicomplexa. Both genera have dixenous life cycle and their definitive hosts belong to the order Diptera. Both parasites can be found in birds where asexual division takes place. The infection with genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium is usually asymptomatic; during long lasting chronic phase relapses of the infection can occur. We gained 1 092 blood samples from 29 trapped species of passerines in Milovice forest during seasons 2017-2019. Haemosporidians were detected in 48 % of samples. The prevalence of genus Plasmodium was 16 %, the prevalence of genus Haemoproteus was 22 % and 10 % we could not specify the parasite. We have found six new lineages of genus Haemoproteus, provisionally named Haemoproteus lineages coccoc_1, coccoc_2, coccoc_3, coccoc_4, embcit, fricoe which total prevalence was 14 %. Lineage Haemoproteus sp. coccoc_1 was the most noticed one and its prevalence was 12 %. Plasmodium relictum clone Peng14-121Br2AF and isolate Cc_P1 was the second most prevalent (13 %). Infection dynamics was studied in samples gained in years 2014-2019. Forty individuals were examined between years and twenty-seven individuals were examined intraseasonally. Three individuals were trapped both intra- and...
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Melounová, Klára. "Experimentální infekce Oryctolagus cuniculus motolicí Fascioloides magna." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343777.
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Fasioloides magna is a trematode parasitizing in the liver parenchyma of ruminants. Its life cycle is associated with the humid environment and includes intermediate freshwater snail hosts from family Lymnaeidae. According to the ability of host to form a certain type of a pseudocyst during fascioloidosis, they can be,divided in three groups, specific definitive hosts (red deers, fallow deers, roe deers), nonspecific definitive hosts (cattle, wild boars and elks) and atypical hosts (sheeps and goats). Beside the natural infections also the experimental infections of other potential host species has been realized (chamois, llama and bighorn sheep and traditional laboratory animals such as mice, guinea pigs, rats and rabbits). In the context of different diseases, many changes in infected organism can occur. These can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Similarly, during fascioloidosis the changes associated with the presence of the parasite in the host's body is possible to monitor, e.g. antibody production, increase in the number of eosinophils, release of eggs in faeces, internal bleeding, or the level liver damage. The liver damage is corresponding primarily to biochemical parameters of blood, not only the liver enzymes, but also other blood components, like blood proteins, lipids,...
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Girmanová, Eva. "BK virová infekce u pacientů po transplantaci ledviny." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410799.
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Polyoma BK virus is associated with graft dysfunction leading to BK viral nephropathy (BKVN) in 1-10% of kidney transplant recipients, moreover 30-80% of kidney transplant recipients experience asymptomatic reactivation of the virus that does not result in BKV associated damage of the renal allograft. The first aim of this study was to introduce monitoring of BK virus replication in the blood and urine of patients within first year after transplantation. Risk factors were evaluated and limit values for viremia and viruria for BKVN development was established. Positive BK viruria >107 copies/ml and positive BK viremia >104 copies/ml occurred in 25.8% and 5%; respectively. 3 patients out of monitoring study developed BKVN. Using ROC analysis, limit values for the development of BKVN were set at 103 copies/ml serum for BK viremia and 6.7x107 copies/ml BK viruria. The second objective was to determine the expression profile of the immune genes in kidney biopsies in three groups of patients with varying degrees of reactivation of the BK virus (without virus reactivation, with asymptomatic viruria, BKVN). 90 genes of immune response were measured by the TaqMan® low density array RT-qPCR. The analysis of biopsies from patients with non-signalling viruses led to the identification of 5 differentially...
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Müller, Karel. "Regulace fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasy v rostlinách tabáku během virové infekce." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368987.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in tobacco plants during potyviral infection Regulace fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasy v rostlinách tabáku během virové infekce Karel Müller Supervisor: RNDr. Helena Ryšlavá CSc. Prague, 2008 2 Table of contents / Obsah Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 3 Aim of the work................................................................................................................................. 4 Results and discussion ....................................................................................................................... 5 Isolation of PEPC from tobacco leaves ......................................................................................... 5 Characterization of tobacco PEPC................................................................................................. 5 Regulation of tobacco PEPC during viral infection....................................................................... 7 Effect of cytokinins in tobacco leaves during stress.................................................................... 10...
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Sekera, Jan Carlos. "Sexuálně přenosné infekce v Praze: Sociálně epidemiologická analýza." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382873.
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This thesis is focused on a situation of sexually transmitted infections in Prague (and in The Czech Republic shallowly) and analyzes this issue relatively to the social epidemiology. The thesis tries to identify the most vulnerable groups of a population. These groups contain homosexual men, individuals having unprotected sex and promiscuous people. Further more, the thesis tries to identify a relation between a high-risk factor and an exposition of a particular infection. For example, it was found out that sexual related risks are mostly determinated by a sexual behavior and a region where the individuals come from. Also, men are more vulnerable group of people than women according to findings of this thesis. A gonorrhoea infection is the most reported sexually transmitted infection in Prague (59,1 % of all cases). Syphilis is the second most common infection of this kind. The highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was reported for people with (finished or unfinished) basic education. This group of people represents 14,3 % of all reported cases. Its prevalence is 67,7 patients per ten thousand individuals. A group of people aged 20 - 29 years is another group with high prevalence. Further identification of a sexual behavior in The Czech Republic was one of the main goals of this...
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Smíšek, Jan. "Prevence infekce Burkholderia cepacia u nemocných cystickou fibrózou." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-285887.
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Thesis I chose based on its long-term interest in the issue of conditionally pathogenic gram-negative bacteria and their resistance to antimicrobial látkím. These bacteria are a frequent cause of nosocomial infections or severe infections in predisposed patients
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NĚMEJC, Karel. "Kryptosporidiové a mikrosporidiové infekce domácích a divokých prasat." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-173271.
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Bém, Robert. "Kostní metabolismus, infekce a ischémie u syndromu diabetické nohy." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278752.
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The diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most frequent late complications of diabetes, which often leads to limb amputation and effects the quality of life in patients with diabetes. Ischaemia and infection play important role in pathogenesis of DF. One form of DF is Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy (CNO), defined as a noninfectious destruction of bones and joints in the foot due to diabetic neuropathy. The subject of the dissertation thesis was divided into 3 parts: bone metabolism and CNO, ischaemia and infection in DF and new methods in the treatment of DF. (...) In the third study, new quantitative scintigraphic parameters for assessment of CNO activity were defined and confirmed their satisfactory correlation with other parameters of CNO activity. In fourth and fifth study,good reproducibility was verified and efficiency of power spectral analysis of heart rate variability as a new method for diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy in patients with CNO. Sixth study refered to rare causes of atypical localization of CNO in the knee joint. Ischaemia and infection in DF were resolved in one study. In multivariate analysis of seventh study we approved, that risk factors for difficulty healing after minor amputation of the foot were low level of transcutaneous oxygen tension and high level of C-reactive protein before...
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UHLÍŘOVÁ, Barbora Isatou. "Endoparazitární infekce ovcí a koz v různých podmínkách chovu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154620.
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Samples of excrements for parasitological investigation were obtained in two year period 2011 and 2012 on three sheep farms and two goat farms in South Bohemia (a farm conventional, an organic and converting to an organic farming system). A total of 400 samples were examined using four parasitological methods. Thirteen species of gastrointestinal nematodes and one species of Protozoa were recovered. In farms Coccidia Eimeria spp. was the most diagnosed. Results revealed that goats were 1,8 times more often infected with parasites than sheep (x2 = 6,274; d. f. = 1; p = 0, 00576; OR = 1,82). Animals younger 6 months were 3 times more often infected with Eimeria than older ones (x2 = 17,174; d. f. = 1; p = 0,00003; OR = 3,16). Goats were 11 times more often infected with parasites in winter than sheep (x2 = 5,8174; d. f. = 1; p = 0,0050; OR = 10,78). Goats were 2 times more often infected with lungworm infection than sheep (x2 = 8,407; d. f. = 1; p = 0,0019; OR = 1,99). A statistically significant difference in infectious contamination between conventional and an organic system bred animals was not discovered (x2 = 0,0145; d. f. = 1; p = 0,452; OR = 1,05).
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Nová, Aneta. "Cytomegalovirová infekce kmenem HCMV a její vztah k imunosupresi." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382760.
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Goal of the thesis: The main aim of this thesis was to introduce the in vitro cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection method of the VR-1590 strain, followed by study of the in vitro HCMV infection by xCelligence RTCA methodology and to use ionizing radiation to provide immunosuppression in host fibroblasts. Detection and analysis of selected signaling pathways of immunosuppressed host cells using 1D electrophoresis, Western blot, immunodetection and antibody PathScan technology. Methods: In this work, HCMV infection of VR-1590 and human embryonic fibroblasts of the MRC-5 line was performed. Basic laboratory techniques, as well as ionizing gamma rays produced by the enclosed 60 Co radiator, were used as a factor for immunosuppression. Changes in signaling pathways in host fibroblasts were monitored by PathScan antibody technology and further verified by one-dimensional Western blot electrophoresis techniques. Results: Cellular proliferation of the host cells was verified in real time. Specimens were developed using modeling situations using optimized dose of HCMV infection and subsequent induction of immunosuppression or model with induced immunosuppression. Expression of detected signal molecules (p53, Bad, Caspase 3, Stat1, Stat3, ERK1/2 and others) indicates that cells affected by ionizing radiation...
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Pomahačová, Renata. "Juvenilní lymfocytární thyreoidis a současný výskyt infekce Helicobacter pylori." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278232.
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1. Summary The first aim of our study was to find out the present occurence of H. pylori infection in a group of children with juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis (JLT) and to compare with the prevalence of this infection in a group of healthy children of the same age. The group of patients with JLT included 199 children (range 0-18 years). H. pylori infection was confirmed in 15 patients (7,5%) by a non-invasive diagnostic test of H. pylori antigen positivity in stools by the ELISA test using monoclonal antibodies (Amplified IDEIQA HpStAR ELISA, DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark). This H.pylori positive group included 14 girls and 1 boy aged 11,2 ±2,3. 6 children had hypofunction of the thyroid gland, in 3 children was established the atrophic form of the thyroiditis with severe hypothyroidism with presence of myxoedema, the other children suffered from the hypertrophic form of the thyroiditis. 7 subjects underwent gastroscopy which confirmed chronic active gastritis. Only 3 children had gastrointestinal symptoms caused by H. pylori infection, the other children were asymptomatic. This finding confirms common information about asymptomatic development of H. pylori infection in children in 90% of cases. The control group included 1545 asymptomatic healthy children in range of 0-15 years of the same geographic...
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Douda, Tomáš. "Vztah infekce Helicobacter pylori k antropometrickým a socioekonomickým ukazatelům." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281530.
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Pech, Václav. "Perorální infekce ptáků a savců neuropatogenní motolicí Trichobilharzia regenti." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321140.
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Migration within the body of an infected host is one of the most important parts in the life cycle of flukes, including schistosomes. Migration of avian and mammalian visceral schistosomes has been a quite well studied topic (Haas a Haeberlein, 2009), which became more attractive after the discovery of T. regenti, an avian schistosome which is able to migrate through the nervous tissues of infected birds and mammals as well. Migration of T. regenti and T. szidati schistosomula within the definitive (duck) and the accidental (mouse) hosts is the main topic of the diploma thesis. This work continues with the research of K. Blažová (Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague) who studied migration of T. regenti within the definitive hosts infected perorally with cercariae or hepatopancreases of the infected intermediate snail, Radix lagotis (unpblished). She proved that T. regenti schistosomula are able to use the central nervous system for migration to the nasal mucosa of infected birds. In our work, we focused on the early phase of migration within the perorally infected birds and mice. Invasion of esophagus by T. regenti cercariae in vitro is not conditioned by secretion of glandular products, including cathepsin B2 of T. regenti (TrCB2). Activity of TrCB2 against mucins, the main components...
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Sekavová, Alžběta. "Rizikové faktory HPV infekce a nádorů hlavy a krku." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367964.
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Epidemiology of head and neck cancers is currently intensively studied topic. Recent shift in the age of incidence towards younger population is generally attributed to growing proportion of head and neck cancers caused by human papillomavirus - sexually transmitted virus which causes asymptomatic, but sometimes persisting infection that can lead to malignant transformation of the infected tissue. Significance of the topic lies mainly in the prognostic ad- vantage of patients with virally induced head and cancers and preventabil- ity of infections with human papillomavirus. First aim of this thesis is to demonstrate epidemiological trends of head and neck cancers in the Czech Republic, with the focus on change of age-specific incidence and mortality in the last three decades. Second aim of this thesis is to identify risk factors of oral infections with human papillomaviruses and head and neck cancer in a case-control and cross-sectional study of a hospital-based cohort. 1
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Čtrnáctová, Marie. "Parazitologická problematika u koní v hřebčíně Albertovec." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87475.
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Kalina, Jiří. "Retrovirová infekce kuřecích testikulárních buněk v procesu tvorby transgenní drůbeže." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372411.
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Biotechnological research in chicken transgenesis is still lagging beyond the mammals mainly due to the specificities of avian reproductive system. This thesis is trying to offer functionally complex approach to the chciken transgenesis through one of the techniques. Common transfection techniques were applied on chicken blastodermal and testicular cells to affirm this approach. Our original techniqe of sterilization of chicken testes was improved and applied. Stained testicular cells of donor male were transplanted into sterilized acceptors testes and subseqent tubuli recolonization and sperm production were described. The retroviral- based vector was developed and transplanted testicular cells were successfuly infected. Carried marker transgene (Green fluorescence protein, GFP) was detected in DNA of produced sperms and no significant CpG methylation was detected when sreening infected cells. Through the flow cytometry, testicular cells used for transplantation were analyzed. All major spermatogonia-derived populations were described including the side population (SP), possible group of spermatogonial stem cells.
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Brima, Wunnie. "Účinky obezity a metabolického syndromu v průběhu infekce Trypanosoma Cruzi." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349664.
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Obesity is very widespread and detrimental to health. Obesity brings with it many changes including heightened immune function, and a higher prevalence of major cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. Obesity is also associated with shortened lifespan. The detrimental effects of obesity are linked to the "metabolic syndrome", a broad range of changes in metabolic processes and immune function. As a first approximation, we agree with this formulation but we will then proceed to document some of its weaknesses. (i) Crude mortality rates increase with increasing body mass index (BMI) but as the BMI approaches the normal range, mortality rates reverse (the now classic "J-shaped curve") so that individuals with reduced BMI have elevated mortality. (ii) A multiplicity of medical and surgical conditions have been reported where short term and medium term outcomes are better for overweight patients. These conditions are placed under the heading of "obesity paradox". (iii) The medical community has introduced a binary system for the metabolic syndrome ---- yes, patient has it or no, the patient does not have it, despite the fact that all of the changes that are considered components of the metabolic syndrome are continuous variables. Our work is focused on sharpening focus and improving...
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Hubáček, Petr. "DNA virové infekce u pacientů po alogenní transplantaci kostní dřeně"." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-274964.
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Infectious complications are very common after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Beside bacterial and mycotic infections, viral infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. Among viral infections, the most common are infections caused by DNA viruses. Between January 2001 and October 2008, we have tested samples from 217 paediatric and 382 adult patients after HSCT. In total, we have tested 15 757 samples (median 31 samples for children, 20 for adult). Among them, there was 14 867 samples of peripheral blood and 890 samples of other biological materials (urine, stool, CSF etc.). Quantity of HSV, VZV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV, adenoviruses of group A-C, BKV and albumin gene was tested using quantitative real-time PCR technology. Results of CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7 and EBV were normalized to 10 000 human genome equivalents. HSV and VZV were detected in minute number of samples. Threshold for virostatic therapy was assessed to 100 normalized viral copies for CMV. This level was crossed in 55 children and 123 adults. Despite the virostatic treatment, symptoms of CMV infections developed in 68 patients. CMV disease, alone or in the consequence of other post-transplant complications, was observed in 20 patients, fatal in 17 of them. In 4 paediatric patients, we have detected...
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Vaňousová, Daniela. "Dermatologické projevy infekce Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato a Anaplasma phagocytophilum." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333566.
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Lyme disease (LD) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) are anthropozoonoses that occur in the same geographical areas and are transmitted to humans by the same species of ticks of the genus Ixodes. While the extracellular pathogen of LD, spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, and symptoms, course, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are well known, the HGA is one of the new and less known diseases. HGA is caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the disease most often presents as a febrile illness accompanied by other nonspecific symptoms, including chills, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain and headaches. An untreated infection can cause organ involvement, particularly of respiratory, gastrointestinal and the nervous system. Laboratory signs of infection include changes in the blood count - leucopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. Among cases reported from North America , there is a higher portion of symptomatic and severe cases,, with some reported deaths. In Europe, the course of HGA tends to be mild or asymptomatic. The percentage of ticks containing anaplasma DNA in Europe is high, there is also a high prevalence of anaplasma antibodies in wild animals. Seroprevalence especially in the high-risk population in our country and in Europe is high....
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Špaček, Miroslav. "Diagnostika infekce cévní protézy pomocí hybridní metody FDG-PET/CT." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-275780.
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Introduction: Vascular prosthesis infection (VPI) is a life-threatening complication in 0.5- 5% of cases. Early and reliable diagnosis is a necessity for adequate treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard diagnostic method used world-wide with excellent results, but in cases of advanced graft infection. Low grade infections in non-acute patients are a diagnostic challenge requiring a new method with good diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this work is to define the accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in these settings and to identify essential parameters of its evaluation. Material and Methods: Seventy-six consecutive patients with total of 96 vascular prosthetic grafts in which infection was suspected underwent PET/CT examination prospectively. PET/CT scans were analysed in terms of presence and intensity of focal and diffuse FDG uptake, presence of anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, irregular boundary of infiltration, combination of these, and uptake ratio between graft and blood background. Also, other parameters like white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and microbiological cultures were tested. The final diagnosis (gold standard) was based on operative/histopathological finding or >6 months clinical follow up. Results: In our series the prevalence of VPI was 57.3 % (55/96 prostheses). Among various...
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TOMANOVÁ, Vendula. "Přítomnost specifické DNA a koproantigenu kryptosporidií jako indikátor probíhající infekce." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317786.
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Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan unicellular epicellular parasite with worldwide distribution causing watery diarrhea in humans and animals. The life cycle is completed in one host, where Cryptosporidium parasitizing epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract and in birds can cause disease of respiratory or urogenital tract. Course of disease depends on condition of immune system. For immunodeficient individuals could be life threatening. One of problems especially in developing countries is early and correct diagnostic, particularly no effective treatment currently exist. The aim of this thesis was to compare efficiency of immunochromatographic tests in samples stored under different conditions. The comparison of sensitivity and specificity of these tests with molecular and microscopic techniques was also performed. Additionaly, suitability of immunochromatographic tests for detection of active infection during prepatent period was evaluated. The theoretic part includes general information about Cryptosporidium. Its taxonomy, cycle of evolution or transmission and course of disease. Using of immunochromatographic test is also mentioned. No differences in sensitivity of used immunochromatographic tests was observed in this thesis. The detection rate for most of tests was 200 oocyst per sample. The presence of coproantigen is depend upon presence of oocysts in a sample. False negative results of immunochromatographic assays was caused by i) low concentration of oocysts in a sample (sensitivity) or ii) antibodies in used test don´t react with antigen of Cryptosporidium spp. (specificity). Results of this thesis show that combination of immunochromatographic tests and other techniques is convenient. During prepatent period is not possible to detect specific DNA, antigen or oocysts of Cryptosporidium. The active infection could not be distinguish from passage of oocysts using of immunochromatographic assays even if PCR is also used.
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HEJDUK, Libor. "Vliv overexprese proteinu OASL na průběh infekce virem klíšťové encefalitidy." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371741.
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Šíma, Matyáš. "Vliv genotypu na průběh infekce Trypanosoma brucei brucei u myši." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296224.
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Genetic influence of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice The African trypanosomes are zoonotic parasites transmitted by Tse-Tse flies. Two of the three subspecies, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, cause sleeping sickness in humans whereas the third subspecies, Trypanosoma brucei brucei is not infective to humans. These parasites are members of Kinetoplastida. Trypanosomes are extracellular parasite witch have complex life cycles involving both insect and mammalian hosts. African trypanosomes after infection penetrate mainly vascularized organs and get into brain where cause serious pathology. Parasite can manipulate with immune system of mammal host in wide spectrum of interactions witch are not clearly understood so far. Discovering of a new immune mechanisms, whitch participite in reaction on african trypanosomes, can reveal some general characteristics of immune system. The results of these studies can help to prepare effective drugs and vaccines against this disease. The best way to observe pathological manifestation and genetical analysis is study on animal models . Study on suitable animal model to find genes which are responsible for control of immune response to T. brucei can help us to find homologous genes in humans. It was found that immune responces to...
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Leontovyč, Roman. "Molekulární adaptace neurotropních a viscerálních schistosom během infekce ptačího hostitele." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415572.
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Genus Schistosoma is one the most studied group of helminths due to the importance of several representatives in terms of veterinary and human health. The advent of the modern sequencing technologies, as well as the increasing computational capacities, enabled large-scale screening of nucleic acids and thus deep exploration of complex transcriptome and genome information. To date the main attention of leading molecular parasitological "Schistosoma" research teams was focused on serious human pathogens Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium. In the term of molecular/biochemical research, the other schistosomatids were mostly neglected and general knowledge was limited to characterization of particular genes/proteins without further link to biological functional complex. Presented thesis summarises the first large-scale insights into the molecular basis of biological principles of two bird schistosomes Trichobilharzia regenti and Trichobilharzia szidati during their invasion of the definitive avian host. While T. szidati uses the "classical" visceral way of migration - bloodstream and lungs (same as human schistosomes), T. regenti, migrates trough the peripheral nerves and spinal cord. Neurotropic migration is unique among schistosomes and it is also extremely rare...
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Holická, Monika. "Ovlivnění infekce Francisella tularensis LVS in vitro působením interferonu- liposacharidu." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278750.
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Lochmanová, Eva. "Hemonchóza ovce domácí - výsledky laboratorní kontroly v průběhu experimentální infekce." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279109.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Lochmanová Eva Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Lamka, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Ovine hemonchosis - results of its laboratory control in course of experimental infection The anthelmintic resistance is a matter of interest in many professional workplaces, as it creates high losses for practical farm animals breeding and it represents a potentially limiting factor for the existence of their own holdings. The mechanisms leading to the anthelmintic resistance emergence are studied, and among them there is also the possibility of induction of biotransformation enzymes, that the parasites (round worms) use to overcome the contact with what is xenobiotics for themselves. Parasitic models and in the long term also Haemonchus contortus are used. Three strains of the parasite are used in the Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Hradec Kralove: fully susceptible, fully resistant, resistant only to benzimidazole anthelmintics. Parasites are experimentally reared in sheep. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally document parasitoses experimental course all of these strains by parasitological methods. L3 larvae Haemonchus contortus were given to...
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Straková, Kristina. "Detekce protilátek reagujících s F. tularensis v časné fázi infekce." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279451.
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Kristina Straková Detection of antibodies reactive with F. tularensis in early phase of infection Thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty Of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program Pharmacy Because of its high virulence and mortality Francisella tularensis is considered to be a dangerous potential biological weapon and therefore this etiological agent is a suitable object of the primary research. Problems of an antibody response to the infection with intracellular pathogens are currently gaining in importance. Opinions and conclusions of various research teams differ, so this topic is up-to-date. The aim of this study was to find whether F. tularensis induces the antibody immune reaction in an early phase of infection (after 24 and 48 hours). The virulent strain of F. tularensis was used. We also intended to validate a feasibility of chosen methodology. Methods: We prepared a whole-cell bacteria lysate of F. tularensis holarctica FSC200. This lysate was separated by 2D electrophoresis with subsequent Western blotting. Proteins were marked by immunodetection using serum of BALB/c mice. Mice sera were collected 24 and 48 hours post challenge with F. tularensis. The serum of uninfected mice was utilized as control. Using comparative analysis, we tried to find proteins reacting only with the...
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Moravcová, Pavla. "Rizikové sexuální chování obyvatel ČR z hlediska HIV/AIDS infekce." Master's thesis, 2004. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367259.
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MALÍKOVÁ, Michaela. "Matematické modelování na buněčné úrovni: enzymatická kinetika, dynamika infekce a farmakologie." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390148.
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This thesis concerns mathematical modelling of selected biochemical and biological processes at the cellular level. It deals with modelling of kinetics of enzymatic reactions, dynamics virus infections and mathematical models in pharmacology. One of its aims is to review the basic models in the given areas and to introduce the reader to the specific fields. The other aim is then to develop and study an original model that links the considered areas of mathematical modelling.
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Mindlová, Martina. "BK-polyomavirová infekce u pacientů po kombinované transplantaci ledviny a pankreatu." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311363.
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Introduction. The aim of the study was to introduce a new BKV PCR protocol in our centre and to verify its accuracy as well as to assess the prevalence, risk factors of BK virus replication, course of BKV infection and therapeutic approaches in simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) recipients in order to design a screening protocol. Methods. The results analysed by both Affigene® and Transplantation Virology, Basel PCR protocols were compared. Thereafter 183 SPK patients were examined to assess the prevalence of BK viremia, viruria and BKVN and to identify the risk factors of BKV replication. The cases of retransplantation after a graft loss due to BKVN were retrospectively described. Results. 100 of results were analysed according to the Affigene ® and Transplantation Virology, Basel PCR protocols with the accordance of 95%, Rho = 0,946, 95% CI: 0.920 - 0.963, P<0,0001, Bland-Altman plot analyses: bias Basel PCR protocol/Affigene® BKV trender: -0,1 (mean) *±1.96 SD: -1,6 - 1,3] for both methods. Point-prevalence was assessed in 183 patients; Viruria found in 17,3 %, viremia in 3.8% of patients. High-level viruria >107 copies/mL detected in 3,7% of patiets, high-level virémia >104 in 1,6% of patients simultaneously with high-level viruria. BKVN was found in 0,5% of patients. Diabetes duration...