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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Klimatické'
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1
Pálka, Václav. "Počítačové řízení klimatické komory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316263.
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Diplom work describes a proposal and the design of the device for controlling the temperature test in a climatic chamber Heraeus and the creation of software for operating equipment. Work describes in detail the design and construction interface for the climate chamber, with which will be able to run automated test sequences and the development of the firmware and the operating software to start the temperature test.
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Špička, Jindřich. "Klimatické deriváty v zemědělství." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80771.
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Agriculture is one of the most weather sensitive sectors. The thesis aims to assess the efficiency of agricultural weather derivatives to reduce revenue risk in agriculture taking into consideration the growing conditions in the Czech Republic. The problem of risk management scheme in the Czech agriculture is that systemic weather risks are not covered by insurance (drought). In these cases, farmers have to rely either on their own financial reserves or ad hoc state assistance. Various combinations of weather variables, crops, regions and weather stations have been examined to design index-based weather contracts for most important crops produced in the Czech Republic. The first part of the thesis is devoted to literature review concerning risk management in agriculture. Overview of data sources is followed by assessment of risk environment of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic. Then, author describes the choice of crops and regions suitable for weather derivative design. The main part is devoted to method of design and valuation of weather derivatives at the regional level (burn analysis, parametric bootstrap). Finally, discussion on main findings, chances and limitations of agricultural weather derivatives is considered. The research shows the need to better differentiate public risk management support in agriculture in the Czech Republic. Regarding the efficiency of weather derivatives, it is possible to conclude that spatial (geographical) and production basis risk significantly reduce the efficiency of weather derivatives in agricultural practice.
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Repko, Ilia. "Matematicko-fyzikální analýza klimatické komory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377102.
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This work deals with the mathematical and physical analysis of the climatic chambers. The theoretical part describes the issue of climatic chambers, software SolidWorks and ANSYS Fluent, basic equations describing fluid status and fluid turbulence. The practical part of the thesis is to create the model of climatic chamber in CAD system SolidWorks and simulation of flow and and temperature distribution by ANSYS Fluent. At the end of the work the results are analyzed and evaluated.
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Havlíčková, Lenka. "Proces tvorby klimatické politiky EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199937.
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The thesis aims on the policy-making in the EU with the focus on the climate change policy. The thesis analyses the way the climate change policy is decided within the EU and on the international level. It describes the legislative procedure and the development of international and European climate change policy - including the case study focusing on the process of negotiating the proposal on land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF).
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Holá, Kateřina. "Současná britská dramatika reflektující klimatické změny." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-369375.
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This master thesis deals with one of the current trends in contemporary British drama – the so-called „climate change plays“.
In the first part of this thesis my aim is to briefly introduce the history and context of climate change debate from the 1970s to the present day and explain how environmental problems started to arise in different art spheres, above all in Anglophone literature. In the second part the focus is on the climate change plays that emerged in English speaking countries in the past 15 years. The core of this thesis are analyses of four plays premiered in major London theatres between 2009 – 2011: The Contingency Plan by Steve Waters, The Heretic by Richard Bean, Mike Bartlett’s Earthquakes in London and Lungs by Duncan Macmillan. The main objective of these analyses is their approach towards climate change science and their shared ideologies, motives and themes.
The last chapter attempts to evaluate this social phenomenon and to consider the difficulties artists have to face when dealing with such complex scientific problems like climate change.
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Burian, Jan. "Regulační systém pro klimatické zkušební komory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377325.
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This paper contains 5 main parts. The first deals with the general description and properties of the climatic chambers, their individual parts and how these parts work. The second part deals with the chamber of Angelantoni CH 340. In detail is described how the chamber works and there is description of this chamber up to individual parts. The third part deals with the reconstruction project, the possibilities of reconstruction and the method that the chamber reconstructed. The fourth part describes the hardware that had to be selected and replaced and which parts of the chamber had to be modified. In the last part is a description of the program that controls the chamber after the reconstruction.
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Knoppová, Kateřina. "Srážko-odtokový proces v podmínkách klimatické změny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372312.
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The aim of The Diploma Thesis was to compile a conceptual rainfall-runoff model, that would be eligible to model discharge in conditions of climate changes. After thorough verifications of possible variants, user program Runoff Prophet that is eligible to simulate discharge in closing profile of any river basin was compiled within this paper. Runoff Prophet is deterministic lumped model with monthly computation time step and from the hydrologic phenomena it takes soil moisture, evapotranspiration, groundwater flow and the watercourse flow into account. Its calibration is based on the differential evolution principle with Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient as the calibration criterion. Developed software was tested on Vír I. catchment basin and the results of this probe were evaluated from viewpoints of air temperature, precipitation and discharge characteristics in the Dalečín measurement river cross section in distant future according to A1B SRES climate scenario, implemented in LARS-WG weather generator.
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Landa, Josef. "Klimatické změny a jejich vliv na pojišťovnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76505.
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Climate change is an undisputable fact. However it has not been found out yet with certainty what role does the human activity play and how is climate change influenced by nature cycles. A major role play greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere. These gases are linked to various issues, one of them being the global warming. In order to reduce the amount of emitted greenhouse gases, various conferences on climate change took place. During meetings participants have been trying to find a solution for gradual reducing level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will probably result in more severe natural catastrophes, according to renowned scientists. Most probably there will be a rising occurrence of tropical cyclones, severe droughts or a change in rain precipitation throughout the world. Future predictions are not clear yet and there is still no common agreement among scientists about how the future developments will be. However there is a clear increasing trend in the amount of insured losses, economic losses and the number of catastrophic events, which influences insurance industry. This trend could be caused by more elements, including increasing insurance penetration, increasing concentration of economic values or increasing migration into hazard zones. Climate change can also be partly to blame for the negative developments of insured losses and therefore insurance industry should play a major role in an effort to assess possible future risks in order to decrease its vulnerability to future risk developments. Indemnity rise makes insurance companies and the whole industry more vulnerable to insolvency and thus new ways to diversify risks are being searched for. Cooperation between public and private sector is one of the solutions which help to make almost uninsurable risks insurable. However, there are still risks that are almost unbearable by cooperation of these two sectors. Alternative risk transfer to capital market is one of solutions for mitigating the possibility of huge future losses. In the process of an alternative risk transfer, investors are participating in catastrophe risk development through e.g. catastrophe bonds. Bonds give investors an opportunity to further diversify their portfolio and receive an attractive yield in return to an exposure to a risk of a big catastrophe loss which could result in installment cut, installment annulment or even principal annulment depending on the severity of the catastrophe. Through these risk transfer methods catastrophe losses of huge extents can be spread to more parties, helping to decrease the risk of default of parties and thus increasing the probability of liabilities settlement.
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Martínková, Marta. "Využití generátorů počasí pro zjišťování dopadů klimatické změny v povodích." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259653.
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The main objective of this dissertation is to provide a novel approach to downscaling of outputs from regional climate models and to simulation of future climate. The resulting method consists of rain generator that operates in 6-hour time step. The generator performs well for the observational data.
It consists of following steps: disaggregation of 6-hour cumulative precipitation into convective and stratiform types, fitting of first order 3-state discrete time Markov chain to the data and simulation of long time series of precipitation. Then the mixture of log-normal and Generalized Pareto distribution is fitted to stratiform events and the Generalized extreme value distribution is fitted to convective events.
The impact of climate change on precipitation is evaluated by using change factors that are identified for precipitation occurrence (by comparing the transition matrices for the future and control period) and for precipitation amount (by comparing the scale and location parameters of distributions fitted for the future and control period). The observational data are then altered with obtained change factors.
From evaluation of observational data it stems that the average volume of an convective event is higher for the western region than for eastern region of the Czech Republic. Additionally, statistically significant trends in number and volume of convective events were identified for the region.
The relative portion of convective precipitation is the highest in summer for observational data.
From analysis of RCMs simulations, it stems that even though the overall precipitation is projected to be lower in future, the proportion of convective events (versus stratiform ones) would be higher. The number of convective events is projected to be lower in the future, while the volume of a convective event to be bigger.
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Šimůnek, Patrik. "Návrh a realizace vylepšeného měřicího zařízení pro testování induktivních snímačů v klimatické komoře." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413130.
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This thesis deals with the analysis of the measuring equipment for the testing of inductive sensors in the climatic chamber, which mainly highlights the faults and deficiencies of this device. Based on this analysis, a new measurement system is designed to eliminate these or all the deficiencies. Several new useful features are added to the new design of the measuring system.
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Blažejová, Lenka. "Vliv klimatických změn na cestovní ruch." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165175.
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Práce pojednává o vlivu klimatických změn na cestovní ruch. První část obsahuje charakteristiku klimatických změn, dosavadní změny klimatu a prognózy dalšího vývoje. Další část práce se zaměřuje nejprve na teoretický popis cestovního ruchu, na vzájemný vztah cestovního ruchu a klimatických změn. A poté je uveden konkrétní případ vlivu změn klimatu na cestovní ruch v Alpách.
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Veselský, Marek. "Klimatická data pro klimatizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240150.
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Kovář, Martin. "Vliv malé vodní nádrže Strnad na půdní vlhkost na povodí Litovicko-Šáreckého potoka." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258441.
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Currently, when there is a reduction of soil water due to drought, is appropriate measure to start systematic collection of data on soil moisture. In this work the soil moisture content was measured on the Litovicko-Šárecký brook basin near a small water reservoir Strand. The datat were collected by direct method, which mean direct soil sampling and subsequent analysis, and indirect methods concretely gathering data by TMS datalogger. Measured data from direct and indirect methods are essentially agree in this, that small water reservoir Strnad hasnt effect at soil moisture in a distance 200 m. The last part describes the analysis of grain soils using aerometrical methods. The resulting soil types are further used for calibrating the TMS datalogger.
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Scháňková, Štěpánka. "Endoparazité koní." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259640.
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Nine ponies were randomly allocated to one of three groups (A, B, C). Gradually, these groups of ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. Each pony was infected with 30,000 infective cyathostome larvae stored 4 weeks under the natural environmental conditions of the Czech Republic. These animals were examined post--mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identified: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum,Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of the 17 species of Cyathostominae recovered, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum alveatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were the most prevalent (100 %). From the entire population of Cyathostominae, 65,6 % were located in the caecum and only 34,4 % in the colon. Only 1,736 (24,6 %) females and 5,329 (75,4 %) males were observed. In the first and second phase (group A, B) of the experiment, 98.57 % and 95.48 % of adult nematodes were found, respectively. However, only 29,07% of adults were found in the third phase (group C) of experiment, and the proportion of arrested larvae (EL3) was 67.73%. All ponies were treated orally with ivermectin at a dosage of 400 ug /kg. However, adult Oxyuris equi were present in six horses. This is the first European study to demonstrate anthelmintic resistence in Oxyuris equi to macrocyclic lactones.
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Svoboda, Vojtěch. "Srážkové charakteristiky v pozorovaných datech a simulacích regionálních klimatických modelů." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259620.
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Precipitation in the form of heavy rainfall events is of significant societal concern, not only due to the potential for more frequent flash floods, after evidence of changes in rainfall characteristics has recently strengthened. Despite the importance of individual rainfall events with respect to many hydrological applications, only a few studies dealt with characteristics of individual rainfall events (in contrast with the other daily/sub-daily indices of rainfall depths/intensities). Dissertation thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of heavy rainfall event characteristics for the Czech Republic derived from observed data and large ensemble of regional climate model (RCM) simulations. In addition, spatial correlation structure of observed rainfall data at a mesoscale region of north-eastern Bohemia was analysed. Since an RCM grid box represents a spatial average rather than a point measurement, the effects from areal averaging of rainfall data on characteristics of events were investigated considering the observed data. Characteristics of rainfall events were evaluated according to several indices against the at-site and area-averaged observed data for the control period 1981-2000. The changes of rainfall event characteristics were assesed over two scenario periods (2020-2049 and 2070-2099) with respect to control period. We analysed also relations between changes in simulated rainfall event characteristics and changes in radiative forcing and temperature.
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Svatoňová, Jana. "Problematika klimatických změn v kontextu české zahraniční politiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4314.
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The theoretical part of the diploma thesis concerns the definition of the climate change problems and the history of their reflection in the international politics. The second chapter analyses attitudes and positions of Czech political representation as a reaction on internationally important documents, attitudes and negotiations. The third and fourth chapter discuss the basic drivers that have impacts on Czech domestic political discussion on the field of climate change and its consequences on the international scene. These are analyzed on the level of three main political subjects: the Government reflects the matter in a general context, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs reacts on it mostly on the conceptual level in connection with other foreign policy matters, and the Ministry of Environment takes most responsibility as a crucial organization, which works on documents and concrete actions. The thesis also contains an analysis of further domestic subjects (organizations or individuals) that influence the discussion about climate change. The aim of the thesis is to analyze attitudes of Czech political representation on the field of climate change problems, and to analyze specifically the question, whether the attitudes are determined by a passive approach (in the sense of automatic acceptance of international obligations) or by an active approach, when the Czech republic itself has a need to reflect the problems from the normative point of view.
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Šteidlová, Alena. "Živelní katastrofy a možnosti krytí jejich důsledků prostřednictvím komerčního pojištění se zaměřením na pojištění majetku občanů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11298.
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The thesis deals with coverage of natural disaster damages by commercial insurance. A description of natural disasters and their possible occurrence mainly in our territory in association with climate changes as the factor causing increase in their number serve as an introduction. Starting from the impact on the world and the Czech insurance sector, where the thesis deals especially with floods in 1997 and 2002, it is getting on to the analysis of the offers presented by three largest Czech insurance companies. The analysis studies the floods in 1997 and 2002 in perspective with different high-risk flood areas specified in our country. The conclusion of the thesis proposes the ways describing how to deal with risks differently, without using the insurance. The proposal advises an insurer to use such methods as reinsurance or alternative risk transfer instruments.
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Brezániová, Mária. "Možnosti krytí škod z živelních katastrof prostřednictvím komerčního pojištění." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-455.
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Diplomová práce analyzuje možnosti komerčního pojištění pro řešení dopadů přírodních katastrof. První kapitola se věnuje současným změnám ve vývoji klimatu. Druhá kapitola zachycuje dopad klimatických změn na pojistný průmysl. Ve třetí jsou rozebrány možnosti zajistného trhu pro krytí dopadů katastrof. Čtvrtá kapitola je věnovaná alternativním metodám pro transfer rizika, které začínají být zajímavé v souvislosti se ztenčující se kapacitou zajistného tru v souvislosti s potřebou krytí živelních rizik katastrofického rozsahu. V rámci páté kapitoly je popsán dopad a možnosti řešení přírodních katastrof v rámci České republiky.
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Schmidt, Dominik. "Autonomní venkovní systém pro pěstování rostlin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221068.
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This diploma thesis deals with maintaining possibilities for appropriate climatic conditions in outdoor greenhouse. The importance for growing plants is an appropriate temperature, humidity and adequate supply of water. The aim of the study is to suggest an apparatus sustaining beforehand defined conditions in the greenhouse with minimal requirements for maintenance. Apparatus uses analogue control by applying photosezistor and thermistor. For power supply are DC-DC converters used.
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Nohel, Rostislav. "Vliv klimatických podmínek na adhezi v kontaktu kola a kolejnice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318382.
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Presented master’s thesis is focused on the experimental research of influence of climate conditions on wheel-rail adhesion, where climate conditions are meant two parameters: ambient air temperature and air humidity. These parameters always affect wheel-raid contact and their values change significantly during the year. For presented experimental research was used tribometer Mini Traction Machine (MTM) in configuration „ball on disc“. For determination of influence climate conditions was first found out the influence of air humidity on adhesion at certain temperatures, which varied between (1 to 50) °C. These experiments were performed for two types of discs, where one disc was exposed to leaf extract contamination. After that was assembled influence of both parameters (air humidity and ambient air temperature) on adhesion in the form of a 3D map, where were distinctioned states, when condensation has occured and when didn‘t. Obtained results in this thesis will be used for optimalization of rail vehicle control systems.
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Janoušek, Václav. "EU ETS jako nástroj klimatické politiky EU a jeho porovnání s klimatickou politikou USA." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279424.
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JANOUŠEK, Václav. EU ETS jako nástroj klimatické politiky EU a jeho porovnání s klimatickou politikou v USA, Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií, 2008. 93 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Irah Kučerová, PhD. Anotace Diplomová práce "EU ETS jako nástroj klimatické politiky EU a jeho porovnání s klimatickou politikou USA" si klade za cíl popsat současnou klimatickou politiku EU a to v kontextu vyjednání o globální dohodě týkající se redukce emisí skleníkových plynů a také o implementaci cílů EU v oblasti redukce emisí skleníkových plynů do komunitárního práva. Co se týče mezinárodního vyjednávání ohledně globálních redukcí skleníkových plynů, práce se zaměřuje na hlavní problémy sjednání takovéto dohody a hlavně na postoj důležitých aktérů, což je mimo Číny hlavně USA. Část věnovaná negociačnímu procesu uvnitř EU se potom poměrně detailně věnuje postoji jednotlivých států a interakci vrcholných orgánů EU v tomto procesu. Anotation Diploma thesis EU ETS - tool of the EU climate policy and the comparison with the climate policy of the USA aims to describe current policy of the EU regarding reduction of greenhouse gases both in the context of negotiation on global carbon reduction and with the implementation of the reduction commitments of the EU to the community...
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Minářová, Eliška. "Vyhodnocení klimatické funkce vybraného větrolamu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-169673.
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Nováková, Barbora. "Klimatické extrémy ve výuce zeměpisu." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388461.
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The diploma thesis deals with climatic extremes and its position in education from students' and teachers' point of view, textbooks and curriculum documents. The introductory part describes the basic characteristics of climatic extremes using specialized literature. The key part of the thesis is research combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The main framework of the thesis is quantitative research, which aims to find out, by means of a questionnaire survey, what are the attitudes of students towards the topic of climatic extremes. Based on the questionnaire survey, it is further evaluated with which preconceptions students come into education. A model lesson based on a constructivist model of teaching, specifically using the E-R-R (evocation - realization - reflection) method, was designed to monitor students' responses. After experimental education, students filled in the questionnaires for the second time, and the last filling took place several weeks later. Repeated questionnaires allowed tracking changes in students' responses and observing the impact of education. Part of the thesis is qualitative research which includes interviews with teachers of geography, analysis of textbooks and curriculum documents. The results show that students come into the education with some knowledge of...
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Štros, Martin. "Klimatické změny ve výuce zeměpisu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312241.
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This thesis deals with the problem of climate change and its role in geography lessons at grammar schools and higher elementary schools. The introductory part describes the current state of knowledge of this global problem with regard to the needs of geography teachers. It also lists sources which the teachers can use to obtain professional information on these issues. Key part of this thesis is largely a qualitative research conducted at grammar schools and to a lesser extent, at primary schools. The research included interviews with students and teachers and analyzing educational geography documents and textbooks. Final part of the thesis then consists of proposals of climate change integration in geography education, as well as specific teaching methods designed on the basis of research results and their practical test during geography lessons. The whole thesis should analyze the current situation and also serve geography teachers in their efforts to integrate climate change issues into their lessons.
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Kluková, Zuzana. "Analýza a zhodnocení skupinových simulací regionálních klimatických modelů v Evropě pro vybrané scénáře skleníkových plynů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352570.
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An analysis of the air temperature and precipitation for historical and future experiments of regional climate models from Euro-CORDEX activity is presented. A validation of models was performed for the time period 1989 - 2005 using the comparison of model results with E-OBS dataset which represents real values. For this period results show good agreement for temperature, much worse agreement appears for precipitation where their overestimation is more typical. The future evaluation based on the scenarios of greenhouse gases RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was investigated for periods 2021 - 2050 and 2071 - 2100 in comparison with the period 1971 - 2000 as reference. For the simulations of the future climate we can notice an approximately linear increase of temperatures which is most significant in the northeast Europe. For precipitation models predict their increase in the north Europe and decrease in the south Europe.
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Hájková, Lenka. "Klimatické a fenologické poměry observatoře Tušimice." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338490.
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The thesis is aimed at climatological, agroclimatological and phenological conditions at Tušimice observatory during 45 years of observations (1968-2012) on basis of meteorological and phenological data by using statistical methods, method of cumulative series and geographical information system. Basic climatic elements (air temperature, precipitation total, snow cover, cloudiness, wind, humidity, sunshine duration, fog and thunderstorm), agroclimatic characteristics according to the WMO recommendation, selected phenological phases (mainly beginning of flowering 10 %) of herb and wooden species were processed in the study. The literature overview was made on climatic and phenological conditions at Tušimice station, in the Czech Republic and other countries. Apart from statistical analysis, the elements were also evaluated in the interaction with the changing air circulation in Central Europe. In addition, results were compared to Quitt's classification based on long-term averages of meteorological data (1961-1990 versus 1981-2010). The drought occurrence was evaluated in 45 years of observations period. The thesis is divided into three main parts - Climatic conditions of Tušimice observatory (part 5.1), Agroclimatic conditions of Tušimice observatory (part 5.2) and Phenological conditions of...
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Kopáčková, Ivana. "Vybrané projevy klimatické změny v Česku." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281110.
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Filková, Natália. "Validita systému bonitovaných pôdno-ekologických jednotiek a legislatívne dôsledky jeho aktualizácie." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-427695.
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Soil crediting in the Czech Republic is based on so-called land boned soil-ecological units (BPEJ), this unit serves to evaluate both absolute and relative production capacity of agricultural land. The thesis points out the need to update this system, caused mainly by climate change, which causes the shift of the existing climate regions but also the emergence of new (not yet classified) climate regions. These changes have a direct impact on soil production capacity. In the thesis there is an overview of legal regulations that are influenced by the system of certified soil-ecological units (BPEJ).
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Dudová, Jana. "Vyhodnocení vlivu větrolamů na vybrané klimatické charakteristiky." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161587.
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Pecháček, Ondřej. "Vliv klimatické změny na ekonomiku lesního hospodářství." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425094.
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The effect of climate changes is currently one of the hottest topics in the field of forestry. This paper aims to quantify the potential impact of the change in the woody plant composition caused by climatic changes on the forestry economy in the Czech Republic. It provides data about the potential trend in woody plant composition and their economic balance for three management models for the period of 2015 to 2134. The results manifest a significant change in the species composition of forest stands, in which the areal proportional representation of spruces decreases by up to 18% of the current proportional representation. The economic impact on forestry is expressed by a decrease in the economic potential of up to 11.69 – 15.15% in comparison with its current economic potential
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Chvalkovská, Jana. "Energetika a klimatické změny z pohledu práva." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281318.
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Energy sector and the chmate change - legal aspects The topic of this diploma thesis is the relationship between the law of the climate change and the energy sector. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze this relationship with special focus on the differences in legal enactment of this relation in the law of the developed and developing countries. The developed countries are in this thesis represented by the Czech Republic and the European Union, respectively; the developing countries of the global South are represented by Peru and the Andean Community, respectively. The object of the analysis is the climate change law and energy sector in the international law, European law, in the law of the Andean Community, and in the Czech and Peruvian law. The research hipothesis of this work is that the developing countries, whose situation is described on the case of Peru, shall be positively motivated by developed countries to participate actively on the international climate change mitigation efforts. This positive motivation may have form of, for example, technology transfers, financial aid or investments to the projects that contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in these countries. The results of the comparison of the enactment of the relation between climate change law and...
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Kocmánková, Eva. "Klimatické modelování potenciálního rozvoje vybraných chorob a škůdců." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93090.
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Belányiová, Žaneta. "Klimatické jevy a jejich dopad na mezinárodní obchod." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166936.
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Bábiková, Jana. "Změny leadershipu EU v klimatické politice po COP15." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357360.
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Focus of this thesis is climate policy of the European Union set in the time frame of years 2009 - 2015. Reason for this is that 2009 and 2015 were the years when the future of global climate regime was to be decided. Climate conference COP15 in year 2009 failed to negotiate treaty which would establish meaningful climate regime. COP21 in 2015, however, was successful in facilitating an agreement about future climate regime. The EU claims to be a leader in climate politics, however, what does this term entail and what part did the EU play in creating global climate regime? Did the EU change the operation of its climate policy between 2009 and 2015 and what made the agreement in 2015 possible as opposed to 2009? Thesis aims to answer these questions using analysis of external and inner policy of the EU. Thesis examines changes in the EU climate policy and if they were quantitative (new policies) or qualitative (development of existing policies) and the impact of these changes on global climate regime.
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Sochor, Jan. "Integrace klimatické politiky do vybraných obchodních dohod Evropské unie." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435107.
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This master's thesis deals with climate policy integration in two European union's trade agreements, EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). Ambitions of EU's climate policy have grown in recent years. Therefore the EU needs to cooperate with other world countries to tackle the climate change now even more than ever before. One of the solutions for such a binding cooperation to fight climate change could be implemented through the EU trade policy. This master's thesis is therefore interested in climate policy integration concerning the policy coherence during the process of making trade agreements and also in climate policy aspects of the final form of the agreements. In the theoretical part, this thesis describes the academic debates of policy coherence, climate policy actors in the institutional framework of the EU and also the history of EU's climate policy. Research operationalises the academic concept of climate policy integration (CPI) and carries it out through analysisand comparison of official EU's institutional documents. In the final part, this master's thesis draws its conclusions mainly from comparison of EPA and CETA.
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Spáčilová, Bronislava. "Klimatické podmínky rozvoje větrné eroze v oblasti jižní Moravy." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-176901.
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The thesis deals with the current state and future development of climatic conditions of South Moravia in relation to wind erosion and determining the effectiveness of windbreaks. Localities represent areas vulnerable to wind erosion. Climatic conditions were evaluated for the periods 1961-1990, 2021-2050 and 2071-2100, using climadiagrams, temperature and precipitation extremity, water balance and climatic regions. Scenarios assume decrease of subnormal temperature months, negative water balance values and increase in extremely above normal temperature months and below normal precipitation months and the probability of dry vegetation period. The threat of drought should increase and thus the land area threatened by wind erosion as well. Significant ability of windbreaks to reduce wind speed, even when trees are still without leaves, was demonstrated by measuring at five selected windbreaks in South Moravia. The calmest zone was detected at a distance of two to three times the height of the windbreak on the leeward side. To assess the effectiveness of windbreaks in different phenophases without measuring the optical porosity and model WEng were used. Model outputs showed similar attenuation of wind speed as the results of field measurements, but only in the vicinity of the windbreak.
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Horníková, Michaela. "Adaptivní změny rozšíření populací v odpovědi na klimatické změny." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438693.
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Adaptive population shifts in response to climate change Ing. Michaela Horníková, Doctoral thesis Abstract Understanding of species' reactions to past climate and environmental changes is a hot topic in many fields of biology as it is relevant also for addressing species' future under the contemporary climate change. Using an emerging model species, the bank vole, I combine genomic phylogeographic data with information on known intraspecific functional variability and environmental niche modelling and aim to elucidate the particular role of intraspecific variation and ultimately selection in shaping the species' response to the climatic and environmental changes after the end of the last glaciation. Based on the mtDNA markers, bank voles exhibit a complex phylogeographic pattern suggesting population replacement events during the postglacial recolonization of Europe and thus possible involvement of selection in the process. An extensive dataset of more than 6000 SNPs was used to search for signs of population replacement in the bank vole genomic DNA and to investigate the species' postglacial recolonization history throughout its European distribution range. The genomic data revealed even more complex population history than previously detected with mtDNA markers, including not only admixture but also...
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Telenský, Tomáš. "Vliv klimatické změny na ptačí populace v České Republice." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389036.
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Charles University, Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental Studies Doctoral study programme: Environmental Sciences Summary of the Doctoral thesis Impact of Climate Change on Czech Bird Populations Vliv klimatické změny na ptačí populace v České Republice Mgr. Tomáš Telenský Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Jiří Reif, Ph.D. Prague, 2018 Abstract Climate change is one of the most important drivers of biodiversity. If it proceeds at current pace, it will lead to homogenization and pose a serious threat to biodiversity. Birds, as one of the most researched taxonomic groups, are successfully used as indicators of biodiversity of the whole ecosystems, and thus offer an excellent opportunity to study the overall impact of climate change. We use data from repeated annual monitoring programmes in Czech Republic, Breeding Bird Monitoring Programe, based on point counts, and Constant Effort Sites mist- netting ringing programme, capture-mark-recapture schema. We found that: 1. Population growth of 6 out of 37 resident species responded negatively to seasons with lower winter temperatures. The response was stronger in species feeding on animals. 2. Long-distance (LD) migrants' breeding productivity responds negatively to higher spring temperatures and advanced spring as indicated by earlier leaf unfolding of three tree...
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Pokorná, Lucie. "Vliv atmosférické cirkulace na přízemní klimatické prvky v Evropě." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296118.
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The relationships between atmospheric circulation and surface climatic elements in Europe Lucie Pokorná Abstract The variability of atmospheric circulation is the most important factor determining the changes in surface climatic elements. In this work, the relationship between atmospheric circulation and surface climatic elements like the temperature and the precipitation amounts and occurrence over the European region and some other climatic elements in central Europe is focused. The atmospheric circulation during the year is represented by modes of low-frequency circulation variability in sea level pressure (SLP) and 500-hPa heights (Z500) obtained by using statistical method "Principal component analysis". The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to describe the relationship between modes and climatic elements. Four circulation patterns in Z500 over Euro-Atlantic sector influence climate in Europe all over the year: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern, the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, and two Eurasian patterns (EU1, EU2). There were found patterns in SLP that strongly correlate with modes of the Z500 and influence surface climate similar way. Statistically important correlations of modes in Z500 and SLP with maximum, minimum and mean temperature, precipitation amounts and occurrence of...
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Šťastná, Milada. "Sledování a analýza dopadů možné klimatické změny v zemědělské krajině." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-92945.
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Šachová, Barbora. "Vliv klimatické změny na hydrologické sucho v povodí horní Otavy." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322975.
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CLIMATIC CHANGE EFFECT ON HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN THE OTAVA RIVER HEADWATERS Abstract The submitted thesis deals with hydrological drought in condition of climate change in Otava River headwaters. The topic is discussed from four different aspects that together create a complex view on the hydrological drought issues in the catchment. The first aspect, the hydrological drought analysis in daily series, is done by threshold level method and SPA. Second aspect studies the impact of climate change on the hydrological drought by using the BILAN model. Following aspect determines a prediction of low flows and deficit volumes during drought by the recession analysis. Final aspect suggests relating process of management, planning and adaptation measures on drought. Key words: hydrological drought, minimal discharges, deficit volumes, BILAN model, climatic change, recession analysis, Otava River, Modrava, Rejštejn, Sušice, adaptation measures
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Pokladníková, Hana. "Vliv klimatických podmínek na výskyt eroze v předjarním období." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-92912.
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Vysočanová, Lenka. "Dopady vývoje klimatu na produkční potenciál a cenu půdy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178701.
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The diploma thesis are focused on evaluation of quality of soil by using of EPEU system. Variation of climate causes a change of soil characteristics definedinthe EPEU. Therefore, it is important to update the existing system of soil evaluation, especially the redefinition of climatic regions. The work gives evidence in the form of GIS maps that show changes of climate. Besides the GIS maps, thesis presents graphs compiled from the climate characteristics (air temperature, precipitation and soil moisture certainty) that were measured at stations Žatec, Vimperk, Bzenec, Polešovice and Frenštát pod Radhoštěm. The thesis deals with the determination of land prices in the Czech Republic, both official and market level. It is focused on the evaluation of land in neighbouring countries Poland, Slovak, Germany and Austria.
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Alexandru, Luca. "Vliv klimatické změny na bezpečnost státu: analýza Burkiny Faso a Džibtuska." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438074.
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This thesis examines the extent to which climate change is able to affect the security of states, with Burkina Faso and the Republic of Djibouti chosen as the case studies for this investigation. While the general effects of climate change on security are understood, the academic community appears to disagree on the subject of conflict-generation via climactic pressures. Consequently, the analysis is divided into two sections: The first part utilizes over 2,000 individual events collected by the Armed Conflict and Event Data program and examines the relationship between climate change and their occurrence. This is done firstly through a preliminary keyword analysis, then through a multivariate regression analysis of the relevant climate change factors. The second part takes a pseudo-qualitative approach by merging the Fragile State Index methodology and a weighted systems model in order to calculate values for each relevant state dimension that has been affected, thereby numerically quantifying the effect. The results indicate that currently, weak to moderate negative effects may be observed on the two states, depending on the security dimension examined. The economic and sociodemographic aspects appear to be most susceptible to environmental pressures.
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HRINDOVÁ, Veronika. "Ovlivňují klimatické podmínky abundanci hraboše mokřadního na imisních holinách Krušných hor?" Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55179.
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The aim of the study was to find out the character of abundance fluctuations in a field vole population on immission clearings in the Krušné (Ore) Mountains during a 25 year series of trapping. Another aim was to find out the influence of climaticconditions on these cycles, concretely the influence of local climatic condition and the influence of North-Atlantic oscillation
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Kvašňovský, Tomáš. "Řízená umělá infiltrace jako nástroj pro eliminaci negativních dopadů klimatické změny." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404997.
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: The topic of artificial recharge technology for water supply into the underground, its direct use and application in the field is becoming a more frequent foreign question, but also in the Czech Republic. This is due to the negative trend in groundwater levels over the past 10 years, caused by drought and temperature regression trends. The theoretical part of this thesis presents the knowledge of the use of artificial groundwater recharge, even with specific cases in the world or in the Czech Republic. This work is especially focused on a very specific case of the construction that represent underground dam in the village of Meziboří in the environment of the Czech massif "hard rocks". Specifically, its efficiency and impact on natural groundwater runoff. For this purpose, a numerical model was developed in the program Groundwater Vistas (extension for MODFLOW). From the results we can observe the influence of natural groundwater regime in both static and dynamic model. After simulating the dam in a steady- state regime of unaffected conditions, the groundwater level in the model before the dam increased significantly above ground level. The possible pumping without drying the collector then represents values 5,4 - 5,8 m3 /day (0,063 - 0,067 l/s) from the well just before the dam. The drain...
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Balková, Tereza. "Lobby fosilních společností a klimatické změny: ovlivňování politického a mediálního diskurzu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415713.
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Climate change denial is a widely spread phenomenon in the United States that has for decades shaped the country's response to the numerous environmental challenges it has been facing. This thesis deals with the role of the American fossil fuels lobby in the analyzed matter, as it constituted the main force behind its rise. The main goal of the thesis is to prove that the success of the climate change denial orchestrated by the fossil fuels industry was enabled by its ties to the political establishment. Moreover, it argues that this was done by using professionally drafted strategies, which turned a once-widely-accepted fact - backed by a scientific consensus - into a matter of debate, opinion, politics, ideology, and identity. In order to do that, the thesis firstly covers the historical development of the climate debate in the United Sates. It looks at the major milestones in the country's approach in dealing with the problem of the environment as well as the emergence of the climate change denial campaign itself. Secondly, it analyzes the various connections between U.S. politics, special interests, and climate science from the 1970s until the end of the George W. Bush Administration. Next, it introduces the specific tactics and methods employed by the climate change denial campaign. Moreover,...
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Du, Yiyi. "Zhodnocení priorit ve vytváření čínské politiky klimatické změny: domácí a mezinárodní perspektivy." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447959.
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This thesis investigates the factors that can sufficiently explain China's policy change on climate change issue. We utilize interest-based theory in environmental politics and constructivism to explore the drivers behind China's climate change policy formulation. The theories are tested by process tracing the historical development of China's policy on climate change. The analysis is further complemented by other explanatory factors based on empirical findings, including domestic policy process and the impact of non-state actors. The study finds out that China's climate change policy has experienced positive changes with growing policy stringency. The result shows that China's climate change policy cannot be sufficiently explained by the interest-based theory, the factor regarding ecological vulnerability can be only partially confirmed. Instead, international norms can provide plausible incentives for policy change through the process of socialization. The final policy outcomes are also connected to the interest of the most influential domestic political actor. The study results help us to better understand the environmental politics in China and provides guidelines to predict China's role in international climate change negotiation after the Conference of Parties in Paris.
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Machová, Zuzana. "Efektivita vyjednávání v režimu klimatické změny - role Evropské unie, USA a Číny." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357468.
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This thesis addresses the topic of the effectiveness of negotiation in the climate change regime, which is examined in connection with leadership theory. The goal of this thesis is to find out, if selected actors behaved as leaders during climate change conferences and if their behavior contributed to the effectiveness of negotiation in the climate change regime. Effectiveness of negotiation is examined at three selected climate change conferences, more specifically at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference (2009), Cancún Climate Change Conference (2010) and Paris Climate Change Conference (2015). The leadership role is examined at above mentioned conferences with connection to the European Union, the USA and China. The research of leadership is based on the congruence method, which is based on examination of observable predictions established from theory. This thesis reached the conclusion, that the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference was not effective, on the contrary the Climate Change Conferences in Cancún and Paris were assessed as effective. In connection to fulfillment of conditions of leadership, the thesis reached the conclusion, that at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference none of the actors acted as a leader, at the Cancún Climate Change Conference the European Union acted as a...
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Kysilka, Tomáš. "Polohové a klimatické faktory ovlivňující morfologické charakteristiky polygonů ledových klínů arktické zóny." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310472.
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Location and climate factors governing morphological features of ice wedge polygons in arctic zone Abstract This thesis reports the geometry of active soil and ice-wedge polygonal network located along the Canadian Arctic and in Alaska. This High Arctic periglacial environment was chosen to ensure active thermal-contraction cracking of permafrost in Holocene allowing comparison of observed ice-wedge polygons with existing climatic data. Geoinformatic software (Google Earth, ArcGIS) was used to obtain and digitalize satellite images of polygonal networks located around Eureka, Mould Bay, Churchill, Rankin Inlet, Inuvik, and Kotzebue. Defined polygonal networks were statistically analyzed in order to define predominant environmental factors controlling morphological parameters of these polygonal networks. Polygon size (overall influence computed on the basis of coefficient of determination) is determined mostly by the duration of development (18 %), frequency of cyclonic passage (17.8 %) and winter air temperature (16.1 %). Conversely, polygon regularity results mainly from nature of the substrate (21.8 %), winter wind speed (15.1 %) and snow cover thickness (12.2 %). Dominant polygon elongation in the polygonal network follows closely the winter wind direction (3/4 of all networks) as the result of snow...