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1

Van, Wyk Johannes Francois. "Lyf [TAAL] Sport + Development." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29880.

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This project is a response to the author's passion for sport and his curiosity about the architectural process that is necessary to understand and facilitate the inter-relation of body, mind and soul. The potential influence of physical exercise; its correlation with the metaphysical aspects of the individual and how its influence spills over into the larger context of society is investigated. This dissertation attempts to form an architectural response that is indigenous to the local population, the climate and the existing urban condition and ranges from a thorough understanding of the community to the effective contribution that architecture can offer, based on the concept of ‘Sport for Development’ programmes in South Africa. The primary objective of the architectural response is to amplify the potential of sport as a means to peace building and self-actualization within a society that suffers from the effects of crime and violence. Although popular culture believes in the positive potential of sport, Ramon Spaaij identifies factors and conditions that must be met if the positive value of sport is to be enjoyed. The dissertation incorporates these factors and conditions into a multipurpose 'Sport for Development' community complex. This complex aims to augment the existing sport for development programmes in South Africa and serve as a prototype for future sport for development centres that ultimately includes everyone in the process of reconciliation.<br>Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Architecture<br>unrestricted
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Romankov, Vladyslav. "Study of the growth of ultrathin LiF films on Ag(100)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18799/.

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Lo scopo del presente lavoro è stato lo studio sperimentale della crescita di film ultrasottili di fluoruro di litio, depositati sulla superficie (100) dell'argento monocristallino a temperatura ambiente, usando una serie di tecniche, tra cui la spettroscopia di assorbimento di raggi X mediante radiazione di sincrotrone. La deposizione di film di diverso spessore è stata ottenuta tramite sublimazione della polvere di fluoruro di litio da una cella di effusione in una camera a ultra-alto vuoto. Le superfici dei campioni sono state studiate con un microscopio a effetto tunnel, mentre la struttura e la simmetria della superficie è stata studiata con l'analisi dei pattern di diffrazione di elettroni a basse energie. La struttura locale del fluoro è stata determinata mediante spettri di struttura fine di assorbimento dei raggi X dei campioni depositati e confrontata con quella dei campioni di riferimento. Il dicroismo lineare rilevato da raggi X linearmente polarizzati è stato usato per studiare l'asimmetria della struttura locale del fluoro dei campioni. I risultati hanno mostrato che sulla superficie (100) del substrato di argento avviene una crescita anisotropa del fluoruro di litio, con la formazione di isole di forma dendritica lungo direzioni preferenziali della superficie del substrato. Una progressiva e inomogenea crescita verticale delle isole è stata rilevata all'aumentare della quantità di materiale depositato. La struttura locale del fluoro dei campioni è stata osservata essere virtualmente identica a quella del volume, con una lieve deformazione originata dal disaccordo reticolare all'interfaccia tra film e substrato e/o il rilassamento della struttura reticolare alla superficie, che ha causato una lieve distorsione del reticolo cubico dei campioni.
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Timm, Alexandra. "Identifizierung von LEF-1 Zielgenen." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-63372.

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4

Derbyshire, David Wyn. "LIF studies of simple radicals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328636.

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5

Fragalli, André. "Desenvolvimento de sistema LIBS-LIF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-19022018-100914/.

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A espectroscopia de emissão atômica de plasma induzido por laser (LIBS, do inglês Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) é uma técnica multi-elementar que tem ganhado destaque recentemente devido à sua facilidade de uso em diversas aplicações. Entretanto, o limite de detecção da técnica é alto para alguns elementos se comparada com outras técnicas (e.g. ICP). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é aperfeiçoar a sensibilidade de um sistema LIBS na configuração de pulso único, através da integração com a técnica de fluorescência induzida por laser (LIF). Isso é feito por meio da inserção de um laser com um comprimento de onda em uma transição ressonante do elemento cuja intensidade de emissão deseja-se ter elevada, visando a redução dos efeitos de matriz das amostras. Para este fim, foram desenvolvidos um laser de diodo contínuo de cavidade estendida e sua eletrônica de controle, almejando um sistema robusto, estável em frequência, com baixo ruído espectral e resistente a estresses mecânicos, elétricos e térmicos. Os mesmos foram integrados a um sistema LIBS para ser feita a comprovação da eficiência da técnica LIBS-LIF.<br>The laser-induced breakdown plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) is a multi-elemental technique that has been gainning prominence recently due to its easy usability in various applications. However, the limit of detection of this technique is high for some elements compared to other techniques (e.g. ICP). Thus, the objective of this work is to improve the sensitivity of LIBS on the single pulse configuration, through integration with the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. This is done adding a laser with a wavelength in a resonant transition of the element whose emission intensity needs to be improved, focusing on reducing the matrix effects of samples. To achieve this purpose, a continuous external cavity diode laser was developed and its control driver, aiming to create a robust system, stable in frequency, with low spectral noise and resistant to adverse mechanical, electrical and thermal stresses. Both were integrated with a LIBS system for the evaluation of the LIBS-LIF technique efficiency.
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6

Cardona, Medina Edison. "Escobedia grandiflora (L.f.) Kuntze (Orobanchaceae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/179903.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2017.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T04:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 348736.pdf: 3307896 bytes, checksum: 77f7d36f86b5864562f7a2b3cc629e7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017<br>O parasitismo em plantas é um fenômeno de interação entre duas plantas, em que a planta parasita precisa penetrar no tecido vivo de outra planta captando delas os recursos necessários para sobreviver. Esse é o caso de Escobedia grandiflora, conhecida como açafrão do campo. Esta planta hemiparasita possui raízes alaranjadas, as quais têm sido utilizadas como corante alimentício, com expressivo potencial para a indústria. Pouco se sabe sobre biologia dessa planta, portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a estrutura e a ultraestrutura da semente e da planta durante o parasitismo com Pennisetum purpureum. Foram localizadas populações naturais de E. grandiflora, no estado de Santa Catarina (SC), e coletadas sementes em três dessas populações. Rizomas do hospedeiro P. purpureum foram obtidos de plantas localizadas no Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) da UFSC. Dois ensaios foram feitos. No primeiro, foram semeadas sementes em papel absorvente umedecido durante 18 dias e foram feitas três coletas, duas durante a germinação e uma na pós-germinação. O segundo ensaio consistiu de dois tratamentos: no primeiro, sementes de E. grandiflora embebidas por cinco dias, foram semeadas com plantas do hospedeiro (CH),em bandejas com substrato. No segundo, as sementes embebidas foram semeadas em bandejas sem hospedeiro (SH). Para cada tratamento foram estabelecidas 40 repetições, totalizando 80 unidades amostrais. Na caracterização estrutural e de ultraestrutura, as amostras foram processadas e analisadas em microscopias ópticas, confocal e eletrônicas de varredura e transmissão. Entre os resultados, populações de E. grandiflora foram encontradas em quatro municípios de SC, dois registros novos de ocorrência de populações naturais em Campos Novos e Florianópolis, sendo um primeiro registro de E. grandiflora em todo o litoral Brasileiro. Estruturalmente, as sementes de E. grandiflora estavam compostas pela exotesta e endotélio, seguidas pelo perisperma e embrião. As sementes apresentaram reservas nutricionais armazenadas principalmente nos cotilédones. A protrusão da raiz foi caracterizada por um anel de pelos radiculares na junção hipocótilo-raiz, com alongamento das células corticais, cuja função é estabilizar a plântula no substrato e absorver rapidamente água e nutrientes. As plântulas de E. grandiflora formaram haustórios e penetraram com sucesso a raiz do hospedeiro, após 22 dias da emergência da raiz. Desde os 22 até os 64 dias, foi observada uma acumulação de grãos de amido nas células corticais da raiz. Essesgrãos de amido mostraram-se menores no caule comparados com os da raiz. Escobedia grandiflora exibiu lentocrescimento das plântulas, concentrou todas as reservas nutricionais para desenvolver o sistema radicular, aproximou-se das raízes do hospedeiro e formou haustórios para parasitar a raiz do hospedeiro. Também foi constatada a pigmentação laranja amarelada no interior dos grãos de amido, a qual indicou relação com material eletrodenso observado nos amiloplastos. Os resultados sugerem que esses carotenóides poderiam ser formados dentro dos amiloplastos. As plantas desenvolveram somente haustórios laterais, os quais formaram-seao longo da raiz. Passados 43 dias da germinação, E. grandiflora desenvolveu as primeiras folhas definitivas, passando ao estádio de planta. Nas folhas foram registrados dois tipos de tricomas, captados e não captados. O haustório estava composto, externamente, por uma epiderme, com pelos radiculares, e, internamente, apresentou uma região basal com tecido provascular, elementos traqueais, corpo hialino e endófito. A formação dos haustórios iniciou-se com o aumento no tamanho das células corticaise a subsequente aproximação do haustório na raiz de P. purpureum, até abranger o tecido do hospedeiro. No haustório foram observados compostos pécticos principalmente nos elementos traqueais e na interface parasita-hospedeiro. Esses compostostêm a função de uniras epidermes do haustório e do hospedeiro, facilitando a entrada do endófito do haustório no cilindro central do hospedeiro. Os haustórios desenvolvidos aos 22 dias estavam desprovidos de corpo hialino, mas aos 64 dias já se apresentavam maduros, com corpo hialino. Em plantas CH e SH, diferenças estruturais entre as duas foram observadas, tais como o aumento do número de grãos de amido nas células corticais, o aumento no tamanho do cilindro central, a maior pigmentação das raízes e a maior quantidade de haustórios, durante o parasitismo até 64odia. Plantas de E. grandiflora SH formaram um cilindro central, nas raízes, de menor tamanho em todas as etapas do desenvolvimento, comparados com plantas CH. Por outro lado, E. grandiflora não necessitou de um hospedeiro para formar haustórios, não obstante, a presença do hospedeiro promoveu a rápida formação dos haustórios.<br><br>Abstract : Plant parasitism is a fascinating interaction phenomenon between two plants, where one parasitic plant needs to penetrate the living tissues of another plant from which it obtains some materials needed for survival. This is the case of Escobedia grandiflora, also known as ?açafrão do campo?, which is a wild hemiparasitic plant with orange-yellow roots commonly used for food dye.Little is known about itsbiology, and therefore, the objective of this study was to perform structural and ultraestrutural analysys of E. grandiflora seed sand plant during the parasitism with Pennisetum purpureum. There has been found natural populations of E. grandiflora in Santa Catarina (SC) state; and seeds were collected from three natural populations, and the P. purpureum host rhizome was collected from plants at Center for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. Two assays were carried out: in the first one, seeds were set on moistened absorbent paper for 18 days, and were made three harvests, two during germination and one in the post-germination stage. The second assay was contained two treatments; in the first one, 5 days imbibed seeds were sowed with host plants (CH), previously planted 30 days before, in trays with substrate. In the second treatment, the imbibed seeds were sowed in trays without host (SH). For each treatment it was established forty repetitions, totalizing 80 sample units. For the structure and ultraestructure characterization, sample roots were processed and analyzed in light microscopy, confocal microscopy and electronic scanning and transmission microscopy. Among the results, natural populations of E. grandiflora were found in four municipalities of SC, two new records for natural populations occurrence in Campos Novos and Florianópolis, the last being the first record in Brazilian coast. Structurally, E. grandiflora seeds were composed by two seed coat (testa and endothelium) covering the perisperm and the embryo. The seeds presented storage reserves mainly into the cotyledons. The emergence of the radicle were characterized by a collar of hair roots which encircles the axis at the root-hypocotyl junction, with the elongation of the internal cortical cells, and they had the function of anchor the seedling in its substrate and quickly absorb water and nutrients, at a critical stage for the seedling that had slow growth and still did not connect with the host root. The seedling of E. grandiflora formed haustoria and reached the host root with success after 22 days of root emergence. Since the day 22 until the 64 days, it was observed a starch grains accumulation on the root cortical cells, the starch grainswere smaller in the stem and larger on the root. E. grandiflora presented slow growth seedling, concentrated all storage reserves to develop the root system, approached to the host root and formed haustoria to parasite the host root. As well, it was verified an orange-yellow pigmentation in the inside of the starch grain that indicated a relation with electron-dense material observed in the amyloplasts. Those carotenoids could be produced into the amyloplasts. The plants developed only lateral haustoria, which formed along the root. After 43 days of the emergence, E. grandiflora developed definitive first leafs, beginning the plant phase, and were observed two trichome types, glandular and non glandular trichome. The haustoria was externally composed by an epiderm with root hairs, and internally presented the base of haustoria with the procambium, the tracheary elements, the hyaline tissue and parasite endophyte. Haustorio initiation began with the increase of the cortical cells size, and following haustoria approaches into P. purpureum root until anchoring the host root surface. It was observed into haustoria, pectins substances, mainly into tracheary elements and the interface parasite-host. These substances are implicated in sticking and allow internal anchoring of the parasite to the host tissue, facilitating the parasite endophyte to reach the central cylinder of the host. The haustoria developed after 22 days lacked hyaline body; however, it was different after 64 days, when they presented developed haustoria with hyaline body. In both CH and SH plants, structural differences between them, like the increase number of the starch grains into cortical cells, the central cylinder size increase, the root pigmentation increase and the haustoria quantity increase, were observed during the parasitism after 64 days of root emergence. The SH plants presented a smaller central cylinder in all stages of development as compared to CH plants. In contrast, E. grandiflora didnot need the host to develop haustoria; however, the host presence promotes a quick haustorial formation.
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7

Syvilay, Delphine. "Evaluation of LIBS LIF Raman spectroscopies to analyze materials from cultural heritage." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0797/document.

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Pas de résumé en français<br>One of the new challenges of conservation science is the development of field instrumentation to analyze works of art. In order to get the most information on the material, it is often necessary to perform complementary analyses by juggling different analytical techniques. This time-consuming drawback involves a difficulty to analyze the artwork on the same spot of the surface. However, some of spectroscopies have in common to use the same laser as excitation source and the collection of the emitted signal could be recorded by the same spectrometer. In this spirit, the aim of this research project is the development of a hybrid system in laboratory grouping together three analytical techniques (LIBS, LIF and Raman spectroscopy) in a single instrument. The relevance for combining these three spectroscopies is to identify a material (molecular and elemental analysis) without any preliminary preparation, regardless of its organic or inorganic nature, on the surface and in depth, without any surrouding light interference thanks to time-resolution. Such instrumentation would allow to characterize different materials from cultural heritage such as copper corrosion products and wall paintings organized in stratigraphic layers which are the example of applications in this work. A complete study on LIBS-LIF-Raman hybrid was carried out from conception to instrumental achievement, as well as automatic control to data fusion processings in order to elaborate a strategy of analysis according to the material and to be able to address conservation issues
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Achterhuis, Hans. "Lof en troost van de filosofie." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/58043.

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9

Chobotova, Katya. "Ligand binding determinants of LIF receptor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244596.

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10

Mikula, Hynek. "Fázový diagram chladiva LiF-NaF-KF." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374735.

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In introduction this graduation theses discource about phase diagrams and thein fission. Next part is about concrete phase diagrams NaF – KF, NaF – LiF, KF – LiF. Their determination trough use of cooling surves and their specification trough use of numerical method. Conclusion contains proposal of method for concrete phase diagram of NaF – KF – LiF.
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Grombíř, Tomáš. "Optimalizace podnikových procesů v LEF s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165130.

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The master thesis deals with optimization of business processes in a food company. For this purpose the attention is paid to the three areas, namely process analysis, implementation of activity based costing model and business process optimization. The theoretical part describes the linkage between process analysis and activity based costing and acts as theoretical framework for practical part of the thesis. Presented cost model is implemented in existing company and information provided by model is used for business process optimization.
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Sjölund, Ann-Katrine. "Tillämpning av LFF i ljuset av LUFV : Har LUFV genom tillkomsten av LFF i någon mån blivit obsolet?" Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-726.

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<p>Uppsatsen tar upp de regler som styr den verksamhet, som försäkringsbolag från länder utanför EU bedriver i Sverige. Det handlar vidare om hur dessa regler påverkas av den lagstiftning som trädde i kraft 1 juli 2005, vilken styr försäkringsförmedlares verksamhet.</p>
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Pålsson, Ebba, and Amanda Ohlsson. "Digitaliseringens effekter : En fallstudie på LRF Konsult." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76344.

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Bakgrund: Digitaliseringen är en enorm drivkraft som påverkar alla organisationer vilket leder till förändringar i hur värde skapas och upplevs samt hur verksamheter styrs. Digitaliseringen har lett till ökad konkurrens vilket sätter press på organisationer anpassnings och förändringsförmåga för att kunna bibehålla konkurrensfördelar genom att skapa mer kundvärde. Genom företags värdeskapande processer skapas kundvärde och utgör därmed studiens fokus. Forskare menar att det finns ett kunskapshål gällande digitaliseringens påverkan på värdeskapande processer och vilka effekter det gett samt digitaliseringens påverkan på verksamhetsstyrning, vilket denna studie undersöker. Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att öka kunskapen om digitaliseringens effekter på LRF Konsults värdeskapande processer och vilka krav som ställs på verksamhetsstyrningen. Ytterligare ämnar studien till att bidra med djupare förståelse och kunskap till LRF Konsult och liknande företag om den pågående digitaliseringen. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte tillämpas fallstudie som forskningsstrategi. Insamling av empiriskt material gjordes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med chefer, medarbetare samt kunder på fallföretaget LRF Konsult. Slutsats: Digitaliseringen påverkar de värdeskapande processerna på LRF Konsult i olika utsträckning. Gemensamt kan det dock konstateras att digitaliseringen leder till förändrade arbetsroller, nyttjande av molnbaserade digitala verktyg, ökad digital kommunikation och avmaterialisering. Effekter av detta är ökad effektivitet, tillgänglighet, flexibilitet mer frekvent kommunikation och minskade fysiska möten. Slutsatsen om digitaliseringens påverkan på kundvärdet är att kundens upplevda nytta ökar medan kundens uppoffring tillfälligtvis kan öka men på längre sikt minskar, enligt värdeekvationen ökar alltså det totala kundvärdet. I studien konstateras även att verksamhetsstyrningen påverkas av digitaliseringen. Digitaliseringen influerar de formella styrverktygen till nyttjandet av fler prestationsmått, ökade rutiner och förändring i organisationsstrukturen. För de informella styrverktygen påverkar digitaliseringen på så vis att värderingar anpassas till digitaliseringen och dess möjligheter samt att behovet av motivation och utbildning ökar för att kunna tackla digitaliseringen.<br>Background: Digitialization is an enormous driving force that affects all organizations, which leads to changes in how value is created and experienced, and further on also in the management control. Digitialization has led to increased competition which puts pressure on organizations' adaptability and ability to maintain competitive advantages by creating more customer value. Through company value creation processes, customer value is created and thus constitutes the focus of this study. Researchers argue that there is a gap in the impact of digitalization on value creating processes and the effects it has, and also the impact of digitalization on management control, which this study investigates. Purpose: This study aims at increasing knowledge about the effects of digitalization on LRF Konsult's value creation processes and the demands made on business management. Further, the study aims at contributing deeper understanding and knowledge to LRF Konsult and similar companies regarding the ongoing digitalization. Method: In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, case study is applied as research strategy. The gathering of empirical material was done through qualitative interviews with managers, employees and customers of the business case LRF Konsult. Conclusion: Digitalization affects the value creating processes at LRF Konsult to a varying extent. In common, however, it may be noted that digitalization leads to changing work roles, the use of cloud-based digital tools, increased digital communication and dematerialization. Effects of this are increased efficiency, availability, flexibility, more frequent communication and reduced physical meetings. The conclusion concerning the impact of digitalization on customer value is that experiencing customer benefit increases while the customer's sacrifice can temporarily increase but in the long run decreases, according to the value equation, thus increasing the total customer value. The study finds that the management control also is affected by digitalization. Formal control tools have influenced the use of more performance measurements, increased routines and change in organizational structure. For the informal control tools, digitalization impacts in such a way that values are adapted to digitalization and its possibilities, and that the need for motivation and education increases in order to tackle digitalization.
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Hauser, Charlotte. "Subordination in LSF : nominal and sentential embedding." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7188.

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Dans cette thèse, nous visons à étudier la complexité syntaxique de la Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Nous commençons par le cas bien étudié (dans d'autres langues des signes) des stratégies de relativisation, qui instancient à la fois la subordination et l'enchâssement récursif. On a maintes fois fait valoir que ces propriétés sont au cœur des langues humaines ; par conséquent, les clauses relatives sont le porte-drapeau de chaque langue sous-étudiée visant à faire reconnaître son statut. En ce qui concerne la LSF, nous décrivons deux marqueurs manuels que nous analysons comme des pronoms relatifs de type D, ainsi qu'une stratégie alternative non marquée manuellement, et nous montrons que la LSF a des clauses relatives à la fois à tête interne et externe. Nous montrons que, selon le pronom relatif utilisé, les propositions relatives instancient différentes propriétés sémantiques. Nous intégrons nos résultats dans le cadre formel de la grammaire générative. Nous étudions également le traitement des propositions relatives sujet et objet dans cette langue, à travers l'adaptation d'un paradigme bien connu d'occulométrie. À travers cette étude expérimentale, nous trouvons l'existence d'un avantage Sujet en LSF. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions plusieurs phrases complexes : constructions temporelles, fausses questions et compléments sentenciels. Bien que nous sachions, d'après les recherches sur les langues parlées, que les constructions temporelles émergent à travers une variété de stratégies syntaxiques telles que la subordination, la juxtaposition ou la coordination, trouver leur équivalent dans les langues des signes est souvent un défi en raison de l'absence de complémentizers et autres mots fonctionnels tels que les conjonctions de coordination. Cette thèse explore les constructions temporelles dans la LSF et les inscrit dans une large perspective typologique. Nous montrons que les clauses temporelles en LSF sont très différentes de celles trouvées en Langue des Signes Italienne (LIS). En particulier, les constructions LSF utilisent deux clauses coordonnées, et le marqueur temporel fait partie de la seconde conjonction. En ce qui concerne les paires de questions-réponses (QAP), une littérature de plus en plus abondante sur les langues des signes décrit cette construction particulière, qui ressemble à une question suivie d'une réponse fragmentaire, mais qui n'est pas interprétée comme telle. Dans Kimmelman et Vink (2017), les auteurs proposent l'existence d'un processus de grammaticalisation, commençant par des questions de recherche d'information et se terminant par une composante question-réponse, créant un pont entre deux des principales analyses qui ont été proposées dans la littérature pour prendre en compte ces constructions dans les langues des signes. Nous démontrons, sur la base d'une description détaillée des propriétés des QAP en LSF, que l'échelle de grammaticalisation proposée dans Kimmelman et Vink (2017) doit être développée davantage pour intégrer les relatives sans tête comme point final. Enfin, nous présentons une étude assez approfondie des compléments sententiels en LSF, qui montre que, dans leur grande majorité, ils sont subordonnés au verbe principal qu'ils suivent. Nous montrons également que la LSF présente différents types de compléments, qu'ils soient finis ou non finis, ou introduits par un complémenteur<br>In this dissertation, we aim at investigating the syntactic complexity of LSF. We start with the well studied (in other sign languages) case of relativization strategies, which instantiates both subordination and recursive embedding. These properties have repeatedly been argued to be at the heart of human languages; hence, relative clauses are the flag holder of every understudied language aiming at seeing its status recognized. Regarding LSF, we describe two manual markers that we analyze as d-like relative pronouns, as well as a non-manually marked alternative strategy, and we show that LSF has both internally and externally headed relative clauses. We show that, depending on the relative pronoun used, the relatives instantiates different semantic properties. We integrate our findings in a generative formal framework. We also investigate the processing of subject and object relative clauses in this language, through the adaptation of a well-known eye-tracking paradigm. Through this experimental study, we find the existence of a Subject advantage in LSF. In the second part of the dissertation, we investigate several complex sentences: temporal constructions, question-answer pairs and sentential complements. While we know from spoken languages researches that temporal constructions surface through a variety of syntactic strategies such as subordination, juxtaposition or coordination, finding their equivalent in sign languages is often a challenge due to the absence of overt complementizers and other function words such as coordinators. This dissertation explores temporal constructions in LSF and frames them within a broad typological perspective. We show that LSF temporal clauses are very different from those of LIS. In particular, LSF constructions use two coordinated clauses, and the temporal marker is part of the second conjunct. Regarding Question Answer Pairs (QAP), a growing literature has emerged on sign languages describing this particular construction, which looks like a question followed by its fragment answer, but which crucially is not interpreted as such. In Kimmelman and Vink (2017), the authors propose the existence of a grammaticalization process, starting with information-seeking questions and ending with a question-answer constituent, creating a bridge between two of the main analyses that have been proposed in the literature to account for these constructions across sign languages. We demonstrate, based on an extensive depiction of LSF QAP properties, that the grammaticalization scale proposed in Kimmelman and Vink (2017) has to be further developed to integrate free relatives as its ending point. Finally, we provide a rather extensive investigation of sentential complements in LSF, showing that, in their vast majority, they are subordinated to the main predicate. We also show that LSF displays various types of complements, either finite, non-finite, or introduced by a complementizer
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15

Landelius, Daniel, and Jesper Liljegren. "Arbetsgivares skyldighet att lämna ut information enligt LEF och MBL." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121661.

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Uppsatsen utreder arbetsgivares skyldighet att lämna ut information enligt Lag (2011:427) om europeiska företagsråd (LEF). Utredningen görs genom en jämförelse med vad som föreskrivs i Lag (1976:580) om medbestämmande i arbetslivet (MBL), med särskild tonvikt på dess 19 §. Uppsatsen granskar vilken information som ett företag kan vara skyldigt att lämna ut med stöd i LEF respektive 19 § MBL och preciserar vilka typer av information som omfattas, när den ska lämnas ut och till vilken mottagare. Utifrån det material som framkommer av utredningen analyserar författarna hur skyldigheten att lämna ut information enligt LEF skiljer sig från motsvarande skyldighet i MBL.
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16

Schnuriger, Nathalie. "Solvatation et acido-basicite dans lif pur et le melange 4 lif+caf#2. Cas particulier du fluorure de neodyme." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066470.

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L'objet de ce travail etait de determiner les grandeurs fondamentales permettant d'analyser les reactions intervenant lors de la preparation electrolytique du neodyme en milieu fondu a base de lif et de ndf#3 d'une part et a base de lif, caf#2 et ndf#3 d'autre part. Pour cela nous avons etudie les degres d'oxydation du neodyme et examine l'influence de l'acidite des cations du sel fondu solvant sur la solubilite des degres (ii) et (iii) du neodyme. Nous avons realise une analyse thermodynamique des reactions d'oxydoreduction et acidobasique dans lif fondu a 900 et 4 lif-caf#2 a 800 a partir des donnees thermochimiques disponibles dans la litterature. La determination experimentale du diagramme de pashe lifli#2o a permis de calculer la solubilite de li#2o dans lif pur. Les proprietes en solution de nd, fe, w, c et ni ont ete precisees et resumees sous forme de diagrammes e-pa(li#2o). Nous avons caracterise le milieu fondu par son domaine d'electro-activite et une electrode de reference fiable basee sur le systeme ni/nif#2 sature a ete mis au point. Nous avons confirme par voltammetrie cyclique et chronoamperometrie sur electrode de tungstene que la reduction du neodyme(iii) en neodyme metal avait lieu selon un processus en deux etapes avec formation de nd(ii) et nous avons caracterise le transfert de masse intervenant lors du depot du nd dans les milieux etudies
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17

Timmers, Regine. "Schallemissionsuntersuchungen bei LCF-Versuchen an Baustahl St 52." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962720720.

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18

Hämmerlein, Andrea. "Identifikation und funktionelle Charakterisierung LEF-1 assoziierter Kinasen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/117/index.html.

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19

Fors, Mikael. "Elementary Discrete Sets in Martin-Löf Type Theory." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Algebra och geometri, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175717.

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20

Onkar, Sayali S. "Cholesterol Binding Activity of ApoAI Mimetic Peptide L4F." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1363726316.

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21

Zorzi, Giorgia <1988&gt. "Role Shift in LSF (Langue des Signes Française)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3339.

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Questo progetto di tesi mira a studiare la natura sintattica e semantica del fenomeno di Role Shift nella Lingua dei Segni Francese (LSF). L'obiettivo è di capire il funzionamento di questo fenomeno al fine di poterlo comparare al discorso diretto o indiretto nelle lingue orali e realizzare un'analisi comparativa con altre lingue dei segni. Partendo dalla letteratura esistente sulle lingue orali, questo progetto si pone come obiettivo lo studio delle proprietà del RS in relazione al fenomeno dell'indessicalità e dello shifting dei pronomi di prima e seconda persona singolare. Inoltre, l'uso di avverbi come "alternativamente", che marcano il confine di frase, possono permetterci di capire se il RS comporta la presenza di una struttura mono o bi-frasale. Questa tesi ha un approccio scientifico che richiede la raccolta di dati con informanti Sordi madrelingua LSF. Tutti i dati raccolti sono analizzati con il programma Elan.
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22

Figueiredo, Clara de Freitas. "Foto-Grafia / o debate na frente de esquerda das artes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27160/tde-05032013-110221/.

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Frente à Revolução Bolchevique (1917), as vanguardas artísticas soviéticas foram levadas a um processo de revolução da própria ideia de arte, processo esse que gerou debates acirrados e colocou em questão a própria distinção tradicional entre arte e vida. Foi nessa atmosfera revolucionária que as vanguardas construtivistas-produtivistas emergiram. Num segundo momento, diante da crescente censura por parte das forças stalinistas em ascensão, as vanguardas construtivistas-produtivistas se uniram a outros setores de vanguarda, organizando a \"Frente de Esquerda das Arte\" - LEF (1922-1928). A Frente, por meio das revistas Lef (1923-1926) e Novyi Lef (1927-1928), veiculava teorias, produções e debates. Frente à demanda de uma arte a serviço da construção da vida, surgem, sintetizadas na proposta factográfica, a ênfase na fotomontagem, na fotografia, na montagem cinematográfica e na literatura dos fatos. Objetivando identificar o que talvez tenha sido uma das aproximações mais ricas entre fotografia e política, o presente trabalho tem como propósito central investigar, nesse ambiente de práxis revolucionaria, o debate sobre a fotografia.<br>Facing the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), the Soviet artistic avant-garde movements were taken to a process of revolution of the very idea of art, process that engendered fierce debates and put in question the traditional distinctions between art and life. It was from this revolutionary atmosphere that the constructivist-productivists emerged. Later on, given the increasing censorship by Stalinist forces on the rise, the avant-garde constructivist-productivist joined other sectors of the leading movements organizing the \"Left Front of Art\" - LEF (1922- 1928). The Front propagated theories, productions and debates through the journals of Lef (1923-1926) and Novyi Lef (1927-1928). Facing the demand for a kind of art in service of the construction of a life arises in a summarized factographic proposal the emphasis on the use of photomontage, photography, film editing and literature of the facts. On the perspective of identifying what had been, maybe, one of the richest approaches between photography and politics, the present work has as its central purpose to investigate the debate about photography in this atmosphere of revolutionary praxis.
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23

Bourget, Baptiste. "Ondes internes, de l'instabilité au mélange. Approche expérimentale." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0912/document.

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Les ondes internes de gravité jouent un rôle important dans les échanges énergétiques océaniques, en particulier par leur mécanisme d'atténuation. Il est alors crucial de déterminer et de quantifier les différents processus permettant un transfert d'énergie vers les petites échelles et aboutissant ainsi au mélange océanique. Nous avons, pour cela, étudié précisément l'un de ces mécanismes: l'Instabilité Paramétrique Sous-harmonique (PSI). Cette instabilité permet la génération de deux ondes internes, de fréquence et de vecteurs d'ondes différents, à partir d'une onde primaire, par interaction non-linéaire résonante. L'étude expérimentale de cette instabilité a ainsi permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de certains paramètres (fréquence, amplitude, largeur de faisceau) quant au développement et à la sélection des ondes secondaires. Ces paramètres influent donc sur le transfert énergétique entre les échelles. En outre notre dispositif expérimental a permis de tester les limites de la théorie développée jusqu'à présent et a conduit à l'élaboration d'un nouveau modèle validé expérimentalement et numériquement.Par ailleurs, nous avons adapté la technique de Fluorescence Induite par Laser (LIF) à des fluides continûment stratifiés afin d'effectuer des mesures simultanées de vitesse (PIV) et de densité (LIF). Cette technique permet ainsi d'étudier expérimentalement l'effet de la propagation et de la déstabilisation des ondes internes de gravité sur une stratification linéaire, et d'accéder à des grandeurs associées au mélange<br>Internal waves are believed to be of primary importance as they affect energy transfer, especially their dissipation mechanism. Therefore it is crucial to identify and measure the different processes evolving a transfer to smaller scales and leading to oceanic mixing. We have chosen to focus on one of these mechanisms: the Parametric Subharmonic Instability (PSI). This instability allows the generation from a primary wave of two secondary internal waves, with different frequencies and waves vectors, by nonlinear resonant interaction. The experimental study of this instability has helped to highlight the importance of some parameters (frequency, amplitude, beam width) for the development and the selection of secondary waves. Thus these parameters affect the energy transfer between scales. Moreover, our experimental device was used to test the limits of the theory developed so far and has led to the development of a new model, which has been validated experimentally and numerically.In addition, we adapted the technique of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) to continuously stratified fluids, with the aim of performing simultaneous measurements of velocity (PIV) and density (LIF). This technique allows us to study experimentally the effect of propagation and destabilization of internal gravity waves on a linear stratification, and to access to quantities related to the mixing
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24

Vuyyuru, Sisir. "Data Collection Network and Data Analysis for the Prototype Local Area Augmentation System Ground Facility." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1195158113.

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25

Lönngren, Maria, Christer Morell, and Daniel Karlsson. "Implementering av en ny chefsroll : Fallstudie av LRF-Konsult." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13248.

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As companies worldwide are in search of competitiveness and larger shares of the market, organizational change has become a key-factor to sustain a competitive edge. But as organizations consist of people, the human aspect of change is not to be disregarded. When change occurs, humans need time to find their new role in the organization, a process that takes time. In this thesis the authors ask themselves what an implementation process of a new managerial role looks like. To answer this question they’ve studied LRF Konsult. A Swedish company which offers a wide range of economic and judicial services to small and medium sized firms, primarily within the agricultural sector.
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26

Mendes, Fernando Augusto Alves [UNESP]. "Estudo experimental do funcionamento de um sistema gas-lif." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88853.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_faa_me_ilha.pdf: 2673818 bytes, checksum: 120558e9283b734ad04dda5b07ec06d0 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O princípio de funcionamento de um sistema gas-lift é bastante simples, baseando-se na injeção de um gás inerte próximo à extremidade submersa de um tubo utilizado para ascensão do líquido (riser). Esse sistema tem sido utilizado em diversos setores da indústria, dentre os quais se destaca o setor petroquímico. Apesar de ter sido concebido há mais de um século, e a despeito do considerável número de artigos publicados sobre o assunto, vários aspectos relativos às características do escoamento bifásico dentro do riser e ao funcionamento do sistema são, ainda, pouco conhecidos. No presente trabalho, um sistema air-lift de pequeno porte foi inteiramente desenvolvido e testado, permitindo observar o comportamento do sistema quando submetido a variações na vazão de ar, na razão de submersão e na geometria do injetor – contendo três (3F) ou quinze furos (15F). Ensaios de visualização foram conduzidos, possibilitando a caracterização do escoamento bifásico no interior do riser. Medições experimentais foram, também, realizadas para a obtenção da eficiência e das curvas características do sistema. Os resultados quantitativos foram interpretados em associação com imagens estáticas do escoamento, capturadas com uma câmera fotográfica digital, e com imagens dinâmicas, tomadas com o auxílio de uma filmadora de alta velocidade. A partir destas imagens, foi possível, ainda, a estimativa de alguns importantes parâmetros característicos do escoamento pistonado, associados ao deslocamento da chamada bolha de Taylor. Os dados assim obtidos foram comparados com valores oriundos de correlações empíricas propostas por outros autores, apresentando boa concordância. Com relação aos resultados quantitativos, observou-se que, sob determinadas condições de operação, o injetor 3F é capaz de atribuir ao sistema um rendimento significativamente maior...<br>The operation principle of a gas-lift system is very simple: it is based on the injection of an inert gas close to the immersed edge of a tube, which is used for the rising of the liquid (riser). This system has been used in several industrial areas and more often in the petrochemical industry. Despite the fact that it was conceived over a century ago and that there have been a considerable amount of articles published on the subject, several aspects concerning the two-phase flow characteristics inside the riser as well as its operational system are still not very well known. In the present work, a small size air-lift system was thoroughly developed and tested, which facilitated the visualization of the system behavior when submitted to variations in the air flow, the immersion ratio and the injector geometry – containing three (3H) or fifteen holes (15H). Observation experiments were carried out making it possible to characterize the two-phase flow inside the riser. Experimental measurements were also taken in order to obtain the system characteristic efficiency and slopes. The quantitative results were analyzed together with the statistic images of the flow - taken by a digital photo camera, and with the dynamic images – taken by a high-speed filming camera. Through these images, it was also possible to estimate some important characteristic parameters of the slug flow associated to the displacement of the so-called Taylor bubble. The data obtained this way were compared to the figures originated from experimental correlations proposed by other authors, and they showed a fine agreement. Regarding the quantitative results, it was observed that under certain operation conditions the 3F injector is able to give the system a significantly greater efficiency than when the 15F injector is used
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27

Abu-Hassan, L. H. "Optical studies of ion-beam irradiated LiF and SiO2̲." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377056.

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28

Farrugia, N. "Vector-scalar imaging in combustion using PIV and LIF." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309583.

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29

Delmadi, Leila Cristiane 1974. "Tectona grandis L.f. : patologia de frutos, patogenicidade e epidemiologia /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152751.

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Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado<br>Banca: Leo Zimback<br>Banca: Waldir Cintra de Jesus Junior<br>Banca: Willian Bucker Moraes<br>Banca: Anibal Alves de Carvalho Junior<br>Resumo: A espécie florestal Tectona grandis (Teca) é nativa do sudeste asiático, possui grande porte, rápido crescimento, produtora de madeira nobre e valorizada por sua beleza, resistência e durabilidade. No Brasil, surgiu como uma alternativa substituta a outras espécies, como o mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) e a cerejeira (Torresea acreana). A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a condição fitossanitária da teca em frutos e, testar a resistência de três diferentes clones à doenças fúngicas. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) avaliar frutos de teca de 3 procedências (Alta Floresta/MT, Cáceres/MT e Botucatu/SP) quanto a presença de patógenos; ii) testar a resistência de 3 clones (S0, S1 e S3) de T. grandis aos patógenos: Olivea tectonae, Fusarium oxysporum e Ceratocystis fimbriata em condições controladas; iii) elaborar uma escala diagramática com folhas adultas de T. grandis, para avaliação da ferrugem causada pelo fungo O. tectonae; iv) testar a resistência de 3 clones de teca (S0, S1 e S3) à doenças fúngicas em plantio de campo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Patologia Florestal - FCA/UNESP-Botucatu e também na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manoel/SP. Como resultados para o teste com frutos, obteve-se: Procedência Alta Floresta/MT, 13,33% de Aspergillus sp.; 3,33% de Colletotrichum sp. e Alternaria sp.; 1,66% de Septoria sp. e Penicillium sp.. Para os frutos procedentes de Cáceres/MT, 61,66% para o patógeno Fusarium sp., 8,33% com Penicillium... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The forest species Tectona grandis (Teak) is native to Southeast Asia, has large, rapidly growing producer of noble wood and valued for its beauty, strength and durability. In Brazil, it emerged as a replacement alternative to other species, such as mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Cherry tree (Torresea acreana).The present research had as objective to investigate the phytosanitary condition of teak fruits and to test the resistance of three different clones to fungal diseases. The specific objectives were: i) to evaluate teak fruits from 3 provenances (Alta Floresta/MT, Cáceres/MT and Botucatu/SP) in the presence of pathogens; ii) to test the resistance of 3 clones (S0, S1 and S3) of T. grandis to pathogens: Olivea tectonae, Fusarium oxysporum and Ceratocystis fimbriata under controlled conditions; iii) to elaborate a diagrammatic scale with adult leaves of T. grandis, to evaluate the rust caused by the fungus O. tectonae; iv) to test the resistance of 3 teak clones (S0, S1 and S3) to fungal diseases in field planting. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Pathology - FCA/UNESP/Botucatu and also at the experimental farm of UNESP in São Manoel/SP. As results for the fruit test, we obtained: Provenance Alta Floresta/MT, 13.33% of Aspergillus sp.; 3.33% of Colletotrichum sp. and Alternaria sp.; 1.66% of Septoria sp. and Penicillium sp.. For fruits from Cáceres/MT, 61.66% for the pathogen Fusarium sp., 8.33% with Penicillium sp., 1.66% with Arthrosporium sp. and Cunninghamella sp. As for Botucatu/SP, 21.66% with Aspergillus sp., 23.33% with Alternaria sp., 8.33% with Fusarium sp., 10% with Penicillium sp., 5% for Nigrospora sp. and 3.33% with Ovularia and Humicola. The control under controlled conditions with fungus Olivea tectonae was carried out by spraying a suspension of spores in a concentration of 2,42 x 105 uredynopores/ml-1. It was observed that the latent period was ...<br>Doutor
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30

Delmadi, Leila Cristiane. "Tectona grandis L.f.: patologia de frutos, patogenicidade e epidemiologia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152751.

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Submitted by LEILA CRISTIANE DELMADI (leila.delmadi@unemat.br) on 2018-02-16T19:25:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL_Leila Cristiane Delmadi 08_02_18.pdf: 4391349 bytes, checksum: e4b70ce78d01a2f04c5de286b9ee9c47 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-02-19T11:36:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 delmadi_lc_dr_botfca.pdf: 4391349 bytes, checksum: e4b70ce78d01a2f04c5de286b9ee9c47 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T11:36:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 delmadi_lc_dr_botfca.pdf: 4391349 bytes, checksum: e4b70ce78d01a2f04c5de286b9ee9c47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02<br>A espécie florestal Tectona grandis (Teca) é nativa do sudeste asiático, possui grande porte, rápido crescimento, produtora de madeira nobre e valorizada por sua beleza, resistência e durabilidade. No Brasil, surgiu como uma alternativa substituta a outras espécies, como o mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) e a cerejeira (Torresea acreana). A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a condição fitossanitária da teca em frutos e, testar a resistência de três diferentes clones à doenças fúngicas. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) avaliar frutos de teca de 3 procedências (Alta Floresta/MT, Cáceres/MT e Botucatu/SP) quanto a presença de patógenos; ii) testar a resistência de 3 clones (S0, S1 e S3) de T. grandis aos patógenos: Olivea tectonae, Fusarium oxysporum e Ceratocystis fimbriata em condições controladas; iii) elaborar uma escala diagramática com folhas adultas de T. grandis, para avaliação da ferrugem causada pelo fungo O. tectonae; iv) testar a resistência de 3 clones de teca (S0, S1 e S3) à doenças fúngicas em plantio de campo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Patologia Florestal - FCA/UNESP-Botucatu e também na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manoel/SP. Como resultados para o teste com frutos, obteve-se: Procedência Alta Floresta/MT, 13,33% de Aspergillus sp.; 3,33% de Colletotrichum sp. e Alternaria sp.; 1,66% de Septoria sp. e Penicillium sp.. Para os frutos procedentes de Cáceres/MT, 61,66% para o patógeno Fusarium sp., 8,33% com Penicillium sp., 1,66% com Arthrosporium sp. e Cunninghamella sp. Quanto a procedência Botucatu/SP, 21,66% com Aspergillus sp., 23,33% com Alternaria sp., 8,33% com Fusarium sp., 10% com Penicillium sp., 5% para Nigrospora sp. e 3,33% com Ovularia e Humicola. O experimento em condições controladas, com o fungo Olivea tectonae foi realizado com a pulverização de uma suspensão de esporos em concentração de 2,42 x 105 urediniósporos/mL-1. Observou-se que o período latente foi de 5 dias e, na análise de severidade o clone S0 apresentou um número de 59,4 pústulas/3cm², S1 com 86,6 e S3 com 88,1 pústulas/3cm². A inoculação dos fungos Fusarium oxysporum e Ceratocystis fimbriata foi feita com a introdução de um disco de cultura micelial em uma abertura feita no caule da planta a 10 cm do colo. Com a inoculação do F. oxysporum os resultados médios das lesões encontradas no caule, foram: S0 com 8,25 cm, S1 com 8,77 cm e S3 com 11,25 cm de lesão. Já com a inoculação do C. fimbriata as médias das lesões se deram, conforme segue: S0 com 13,2 cm, S1 com 15,3 cm e S3 com 14,8 cm de lesão. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias nos clones testados. Para a elaboração da escala diagramática, foram determinados 7 níveis de severidade em função da distribuição da amostra para as folhas adultas (N0 = 0%; N1 = 2,5%; N2 = 5%; N3 = 10%; N4 = 20%; N5 = 40% e N6 = 80%). Com a adoção da escala proposta, a totalidade dos avaliadores apresentou melhor precisão, com R² = 0,93 em comparação ao resultado obtido sem o uso da escala (R² = 0,88). O plantio em campo se deu com a introdução de 4.274 mudas de teca, divididas em 3 clones distintos (S0, S1 e S3). Foram identificadas as doenças fúngicas com ocorrência natural, ferrugem e cancro, causadas respectivamente, pelos fungos: O. tectonae e Neofusiccocum parvum. Não houve diferença estatística entre os clones para nenhum dos patógenos avaliados. Conclui-se com isso, que nas condições em que foi instalado o experimento, os clones testados não apresentaram resistência horizontal as doenças acima descritas.<br>The forest species Tectona grandis (Teak) is native to Southeast Asia, has large, rapidly growing producer of noble wood and valued for its beauty, strength and durability. In Brazil, it emerged as a replacement alternative to other species, such as mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Cherry tree (Torresea acreana).The present research had as objective to investigate the phytosanitary condition of teak fruits and to test the resistance of three different clones to fungal diseases. The specific objectives were: i) to evaluate teak fruits from 3 provenances (Alta Floresta/MT, Cáceres/MT and Botucatu/SP) in the presence of pathogens; ii) to test the resistance of 3 clones (S0, S1 and S3) of T. grandis to pathogens: Olivea tectonae, Fusarium oxysporum and Ceratocystis fimbriata under controlled conditions; iii) to elaborate a diagrammatic scale with adult leaves of T. grandis, to evaluate the rust caused by the fungus O. tectonae; iv) to test the resistance of 3 teak clones (S0, S1 and S3) to fungal diseases in field planting. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Pathology - FCA/UNESP/Botucatu and also at the experimental farm of UNESP in São Manoel/SP. As results for the fruit test, we obtained: Provenance Alta Floresta/MT, 13.33% of Aspergillus sp.; 3.33% of Colletotrichum sp. and Alternaria sp.; 1.66% of Septoria sp. and Penicillium sp.. For fruits from Cáceres/MT, 61.66% for the pathogen Fusarium sp., 8.33% with Penicillium sp., 1.66% with Arthrosporium sp. and Cunninghamella sp. As for Botucatu/SP, 21.66% with Aspergillus sp., 23.33% with Alternaria sp., 8.33% with Fusarium sp., 10% with Penicillium sp., 5% for Nigrospora sp. and 3.33% with Ovularia and Humicola. The control under controlled conditions with fungus Olivea tectonae was carried out by spraying a suspension of spores in a concentration of 2,42 x 105 uredynopores/ml-1. It was observed that the latent period was 5 days and in the severity analysis clone S0 presented a number of 59,4 pustules/3cm², S1 with 86,6 and S3 with 88.1 pustules/3cm². The inoculation of fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Ceratocystis fimbriata was made with the introduction of a mycelial culture disc into an opening made in the plant stem at 10 cm from the colon. With the inoculation of F. oxysporum the average results of the lesions found in the stem were: S0 with 8,25 cm, S1 with 8,77 cm and S3 with 11,25 cm of lesion. With the inoculation of C. fimbriata, the mean of the lesions were as follows: S0 with 13,2 cm, S1 with 15,3 cm and S3 with 14,8 cm of lesion. There was no statistical difference between the clones tested. For the elaboration of the diagrammatic scale, 7 levels of severity were determined as a function of the sample distribution for the adult leaves (N0 = 0%, N1 = 2,5%, N2 = 5%, N3 = 10%, N4 = 20%, N5 = 40% and N6 = 80%). With the adoption of the proposed scale, all the evaluators presented better accuracy, with R² = 0,93 compared to the result obtained without the use of the scale (R² = 0,88). Field planting occurred with the introduction of 4.274 teak seedlings, divided into 3 distinct clones (S0, S1 and S3). Fungal diseases with natural occurrence, rust and cancer, caused respectively by fungi: O. tectonae and Neofusiccocum parvum. There was no statistical difference between the clones for any of the evaluated pathogens. It was concluded that, under the conditions in which the experiment was installed, the clones tested did not show horizontal resistance to the diseases described above.
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31

Mendes, Fernando Augusto Alves. "Estudo experimental do funcionamento de um sistema gas-lif /." Ilha Solteira: [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88853.

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Resumo: O princípio de funcionamento de um sistema gas-lift é bastante simples, baseando-se na injeção de um gás inerte próximo à extremidade submersa de um tubo utilizado para ascensão do líquido (riser). Esse sistema tem sido utilizado em diversos setores da indústria, dentre os quais se destaca o setor petroquímico. Apesar de ter sido concebido há mais de um século, e a despeito do considerável número de artigos publicados sobre o assunto, vários aspectos relativos às características do escoamento bifásico dentro do riser e ao funcionamento do sistema são, ainda, pouco conhecidos. No presente trabalho, um sistema air-lift de pequeno porte foi inteiramente desenvolvido e testado, permitindo observar o comportamento do sistema quando submetido a variações na vazão de ar, na razão de submersão e na geometria do injetor - contendo três (3F) ou quinze furos (15F). Ensaios de visualização foram conduzidos, possibilitando a caracterização do escoamento bifásico no interior do riser. Medições experimentais foram, também, realizadas para a obtenção da eficiência e das curvas características do sistema. Os resultados quantitativos foram interpretados em associação com imagens estáticas do escoamento, capturadas com uma câmera fotográfica digital, e com imagens dinâmicas, tomadas com o auxílio de uma filmadora de alta velocidade. A partir destas imagens, foi possível, ainda, a estimativa de alguns importantes parâmetros característicos do escoamento pistonado, associados ao deslocamento da chamada bolha de Taylor. Os dados assim obtidos foram comparados com valores oriundos de correlações empíricas propostas por outros autores, apresentando boa concordância. Com relação aos resultados quantitativos, observou-se que, sob determinadas condições de operação, o injetor 3F é capaz de atribuir ao sistema um rendimento significativamente maior... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The operation principle of a gas-lift system is very simple: it is based on the injection of an inert gas close to the immersed edge of a tube, which is used for the rising of the liquid (riser). This system has been used in several industrial areas and more often in the petrochemical industry. Despite the fact that it was conceived over a century ago and that there have been a considerable amount of articles published on the subject, several aspects concerning the two-phase flow characteristics inside the riser as well as its operational system are still not very well known. In the present work, a small size air-lift system was thoroughly developed and tested, which facilitated the visualization of the system behavior when submitted to variations in the air flow, the immersion ratio and the injector geometry - containing three (3H) or fifteen holes (15H). Observation experiments were carried out making it possible to characterize the two-phase flow inside the riser. Experimental measurements were also taken in order to obtain the system characteristic efficiency and slopes. The quantitative results were analyzed together with the statistic images of the flow - taken by a digital photo camera, and with the dynamic images - taken by a high-speed filming camera. Through these images, it was also possible to estimate some important characteristic parameters of the slug flow associated to the displacement of the so-called Taylor bubble. The data obtained this way were compared to the figures originated from experimental correlations proposed by other authors, and they showed a fine agreement. Regarding the quantitative results, it was observed that under certain operation conditions the 3F injector is able to give the system a significantly greater efficiency than when the 15F injector is used<br>Orientador: Sérgio Said Mansur<br>Coorientador: Edson Del Rio Vieira<br>Banca: André Luiz Seixlack<br>Banca: Ricardo Augusto Mazza<br>Mestre
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32

Lilja, Harald. "Semantic Scene Segmentation using RGB-D & LRF fusion." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, CAISR Centrum för tillämpade intelligenta system (IS-lab), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42239.

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In the field of robotics and autonomous vehicles, the use of RGB-D data and LiDAR sensors is a popular practice for applications such as SLAM[14], object classification[19] and scene understanding[5]. This thesis explores the problem of semantic segmentation using deep multimodal fusion of LRF and depth data. Two data set consisting of 1080 and 108 data points from two scenes is created and manually labeled in 2D space and transferred to 1D using a proposed label transfer method utilizing hierarchical clustering. The data set is used to train and validate the suggested method for segmentation using a proposed dual encoder-decoder network based on SalsaNet [1] with gradual fusion in the decoder. Applying the suggested method yielded an improvement in the scenario of an unseen circuit when compared to uni-modal segmentation using depth, RGB, laser, and a naive combination of RGB-D data. A suggestion of feature extraction in the form of PCA or stacked auto-encoders is suggested as a further improvement for this type of fusion. The source code and data set are made publicly available at https://github.com/Anguse/salsa_fusion.
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33

Gaylord, Jim. "LIF JURNEY: seen through the eyes of a fool." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1318613242.

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34

Heymann, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude fonctionnelle de la cytokine HILDA/LIF." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2045.

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L'hilda/lif (human interleukin for da cells/leukemia inhibitory factor) est l'exemple même de la cytokine pléiotropique et redondante, secrétée par de nombreux types cellulaires (normaux et tumoraux) et dont le spectre d'action dépasse largement celui du système immunitaire. Cette cytokine appartient également a une famille de facteurs comprenant l'il-6 (interleukine 6), l'osm (oncostatine m), l'il-11 et le cntf (ciliary neurotrophic factor) qui partagent une chaine réceptrice commune (la chaine gp130). Dans le présent travail, l'activité fonctionnelle de cette cytokine a été étudiée sous différents aspects. Tout d'abord, la régulation de sa production a été envisagée. Nous avons montre que l'expression de l'hilda/lif par les cellules tumorales pouvait être stimulée par l'osm, le tnf alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) et l'il-6. L'expression et la caractérisation biochimique des récepteurs à l'hilda/lif ont été également étudiées. Ainsi, les récepteurs de haute affinité de cette cytokine, exprimés à la surface de nombreuses catégories cellulaires (tant normale que tumorale) semblent présenter une structure trimerique. Nous avons également effectue une étude plus fonctionnelle de la cytokine. Ainsi, l'hilda/lif stimule l'expression d'icam-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) et de l'integrine alpha-v beta-1 à la surface des cellules tumorales. Ces effets sont concomitants avec l'augmentation de la sensibilité des cellules tumorales à la lyse par les lak (lymphokine activated killer) ainsi qu'a l'augmentation de l'adhésion des cellules sur la fibronectine. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle potentiel de cette cytokine dans le système immunitaire et plus particulièrement dans le contrôle de la progression tumorale. Nous avons ensuite recherche à définir la valeur diagnostique du dosage de cette cytokine en pathologies humaines et en particulier au cours de pathologies pleurales. L'hilda/lif semble être dans ce cas un marqueur local de l'inflammation.
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35

Moreira, Francisco Marques Almeida dos Santos. "Otimização do comportamento térmico de edifícios do tipo LSF." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15802.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica<br>No panorama energético atual, medidas de desenvolvimento sustentável têm uma preponderância cada vez mais significativa e, sendo os edifícios responsáveis por 40% da energia consumida na EU, enquadra-se o desafio de integrar medidas de eficiência energética nos novos edifícios desde a fase de conceção. Sendo que este setor se encontra em contínua expansão, a redução dos consumos passará largamente pela otimização do comportamento térmico dos edifícios e dos sistemas energéticos que os equipam. No presente trabalho estudou-se o papel da inércia térmica na redução das necessidades de energia para climatização de edifícios com o objetivo de identificar estratégias destinadas ao melhoramento do comportamento térmico e desempenho energético de edifícios construídos com recurso à técnica construtiva LSF, caracterizados por uma fraca inércia térmica quando comparados com edifícios em tudo semelhantes mas construídos recorrendo a tecnologias convencionais sem esquecer as questões relacionadas com a respetiva viabilidade económica. Com resultado geral destaca-se desde logo a importância do local onde é mais benéfico adicionar massa térmica (paredes exteriores, cobertura, paredes interiores), assim como a necessidade de utilização de um material com elevada densidade energética e baixo custo. A análise comparativa dos diferentes modelos de edifício simulados com recurso ao software DesignBuilder/EnergyPlus, foi realizada recorrendo a uma metodologia em que cada modelo construtivo é avaliado considerando quatro níveis de isolamento térmico e duas condições de cargas térmicas internas. A análise energética e económica foi realizada tendo como referência um período de 20 anos. O custo das soluções construtivas foi maioritariamente obtido através da ferramenta computacional Gerador de Preços, da Cype, SA©, tendo-se considerado um consumo energético anual constante e igual às necessidades de climatização anuais, assim como taxas de atualização de capital e de inflação do custo da energia constantes. De uma forma geral conclui-se que edifícios do tipo LSF melhorados através da adição criteriosa de massa térmica em determinados elementos construtivos, apresentam necessidades de climatização anuais na maioria dos casos estudados, inferiores àquelas verificadas em edifícios convencionais com inércia térmica média/forte. Conclui-se, também, que o método construtivo LSF se apresenta mais eficaz em termos energéticos e económicos quando comparado com soluções semelhantes construídas com recurso a um método convencional. Na secção seguinte são identificadas as principais conclusões deste trabalho.<br>In the current energetic panorama, actions of sustainable development have an increasing importance, where buildings are responsible for 40% of all the consumed energy in the EU, fitting the challenge of increasing the energy efficiency of new buildings since the stage of conception. This sector is in continuous expansion, so, decreasing the energy consumption will undergo by the optimization of the thermal behaviour of buildings and of the energetic system that equips them. known In the present work the role of thermal inertia in reducing buildings energy needs was studied with the objective of identifying strategies aimed at improving the thermal behaviour and energy performance of LSF buildings, without forgetting the respective economic viability. Nevertheless their recognized advantages, LSF buildings are characterized by a weak thermal inertia when compared to similar conventional buildings, what is a known handicap. The obtained results highlighted the importance of correctly choose the location in the building structure where it is most beneficial to add thermal mass (exterior walls, roof, interior walls), as well as the need to use a material having simultaneously high energy density and low cost. The comparative analysis of different simulated building models using DesignBuilder/ EnergyPlus software, was developed considering four levels of thermal insulation and two internal heat loads scenarios. The energy and economic analysis was performed with reference to a period of 20 years. The cost of construction solutions was mainly using the computational tool Prices Generator, from Cype, SA. Constant annual energy consumption and increasing rates of inflation and energy cost were considered. In general it is concluded that LSF buildings improved by a careful addition of thermal mass in specific building elements, have annual climatization needs lower than those observed in equivalent conventional buildings with medium/high thermal inertia. It follows also that constructive LSF method appears more energy and economically efficient when compared to similar solutions constructed using a conventional method.
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36

Köhler, Markus. "Systematische Brennstoffuntersuchungen mittels quasi-simultaner CRD- und LIF-Spektroskopie." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992684692/04.

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37

Bartoe, Joseph L. "The regulation of LIF- and CNTF-mediated signal transduction /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6256.

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38

Maguire, Tina Louise. "Genetic diversity and interspecific relationships in Banksia L.f., (Proteaceae)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm2132.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously presented paper inserted. Bibliography: leaves 187-218. This thesis aims to increase knowledge essential for conservation biology and for focused and efficient breeding of banksias. Interspecific hybridisation is assessed as a potential breeding tool, and for the assessment of species relationships within the genus. Species relationships within Banksia are also assessed using molecular techniques. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are assessed for their usefulness at various taxonomic levels within the genus. The results indicate a close relationship between Banksia and Dryandra, which are sister genera in the tribe Banksiae, family Proteaceae.
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39

Abdoun, Fatma. "Approche thermodynamique de quelques systèmes à base de fluorures de Lanthane LaF3-LiF, LaF3-NaF, LaF3-RbF, LaF3-CsF et LaF3-LiF-NaF." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11002.

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Les enthalpies de formation des systemes binaires liquides mf-laf#3 (mli, na, rb, cs) et du systeme ternaire lif-naf-laf#3 ont ete determinees par calorimetrie a haute temperature (t/k < 1300). Ces enthalpies sont exothermiques, exothermicite qui augmente avec la taille de l'ion alcalin. Cette fonction molaire d'exces a ete representee a l'aide des relations empiriques de redlich-kister et kolher ainsi qu'en utilisant les modeles de l'ion entoure et de hoch-arpshofen. Ces modeles nous ont permis de montrer que ces milieux liquides fondus ne sont pas totalement desordonnes. Cette conclusion, postulant l'existence de complexes, recoupe celle deduite des mesures physico-chimiques realisees sur des systemes analogues a base de chlorures. Par ailleurs, l'application du modele de hoch-arpshofen nous a conduit a une generalisation de l'estimation des enthalpies de formation des systemes mf-lnf#3 (m li, na, k, rb, cs et ln elements de terres rares). Diverses autres donnees ont ete aussi determinees (points d'equilibres, enthalpies de fusion et capacites calorifiques de plusieurs melanges et composes definis). Ces donnees experimentales, associees aux enthalpies de melange obtenues et a quelques points d'equilibres trouves dans la litterature, ont permis de recalculer les diagrammes d'equilibre des phases des systemes lif-laf#3, naf-laf#3 et csf-laf#3 a l'aide du logiciel thermocalc et par la methode de hoch. Ce memoire propose donc, pour chaque systeme, un ensemble (diagrammes d'equilibre des phases-fonction d'exces) thermodynamiquement coherent
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40

Parra, Jeremy. "Development of an Atmospheric Pressure Laser Induced Fluorimeter (AP-LIF) for NO₂ and Application of AP-LIF for Study of Heterogeneous NO₂ Chemistry." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/554.

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Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a pollutant of interest for study both because of its controlling role in the oxidant capacity of the atmosphere and the health risks it poses. Concerns about the health effects of NO₂ and its role in forming deleterious atmospheric species have made it desirable to have low-cost, sensitive ambient measurements of NO₂. A continuous-wave laser-diode laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system for NO₂ was developed here which operates at ambient pressure, thereby eliminating the need for an expensive pumping system. The current prototype system has achieved sensitivity several orders of magnitude beyond previous efforts at ambient pressure (limit of detection of 2 ppb, 60 s averaging time). Ambient measurements of NO₂ were made in Portland, Oregon using both the standard NO₂ chemiluminescence method and the LIF instrument and showed good agreement (r² = 0.92). In addition, investigations into surface mediated chemistry involving oxides of nitrogen (namely, NO₂) have stimulated new inquiry into potential heterogeneous sources of NO₂ as well as challenged the stability of permanent sinks for NO₂. The possibility that surface mediated chemistry plays a significant role in NOy chemistry in urban air has for the past few decades received considerable attention. The AP-LIF NO₂ instrument is uniquely suited to measure surface chemistry under near ambient conditions. The so called 'renoxification' reaction of gaseous NO with surface bound HNO₃ yielding NO₂ (2HNO₃(surface) + NO--> 3NO₂ +H₂O(surface)) was suggested as a potentially important source of NO₂ which also degraded the stability of nitric acid as a sink of active oxides of nitrogen. Yet, there is disagreement in the literature as to the importance of this reaction. The disagreement stems from differing measurements of the rate for the renoxification reaction. Because there are differences in experimental setups no one research group has studied the renoxification reaction under ambient conditions, i.e., at moderate concentrations of NOy and in a static cell held at 1 atm. In this work, the production of NO₂ was measured using a novel AP-LIF. This setup made it possible to measure the rate of production of NO₂ due to the heterogeneous reaction of NO with HNO₃ under ambient conditions. Under these conditions it was found that renoxification due to gas-phase NO on surface HNO₃ is not a significant source of NO₂. However, this study did show the importance of water vapor in the renoxification of surface HNO₃.
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41

Park, Ji Ho. "Experimantal and theoretical studies of isoprene oxidation initiated by hydroxyl radical." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1343.

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Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon mostly emitted from the trees and its oxidation by hydroxyl radical contributes significantly to the tropospheric ozone production. We investigate the development of a detailed predictive mechanism for isoprene oxidation using both theory and experiment. We have identified a novel cyclization pathway for the radicals formed by hydroxy radical (OH) addition to the inner carbons of isoprene. The pathway predicted that C5 carbonyl compounds are produced, and it may also provide information on the preference of sites for OH addition. The nitrite/nitrate isomerization is directly related to the competition between ozone production and radical termination and was investigated using variational RRKM theory coupled with the master equation. We find that the dominant fate of the &#946;-hydroxy alkoxy radicals produced from the dissociation reaction of nitrite is a prompt dissociation, whereas &#948;-hydroxy radicals isomerize to form dihydroxy radicals. We have performed experiments using laser photolysis (LP)/ laserinduced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy to study the initial addition reaction of the hydroxyl radical to isoprene. The overall reaction rates were estimated from experiments conducted at various pressures and temperatures. The determined Arrhenius rates are k&#8734;(T) = (3.49±0.46)x10-11exp(366±40)/T molecule-1 cm3 s-1 and k&#8734;(T) = (3.58±0.18)x10- 11exp(356±18)/T molecule-1 cm3 s-1, for the OH and OD addition reactions, respectively. Isoprene oxidation in the presence of O2 and NO was studied and, based on simulations to OH cycling curves, we determined a value of (9.0±3.0)x10-12 molecule-1 cm3 s-1 for the overall reaction rate constant of hydroxy peroxy radical with NO at 298 K. We report a rate constant for O2 addition to the hydroxy alkyl radical of (2.3±2.0)x10-12 molecule-1 cm3 s-1 at 298 K. We find little generation of OH from the OD initiated oxidation of isoprene, and no significant differences in OH and OD cycling, which suggests that the H-shift isomerization is the major pathway for &#948;-hydroxy alkoxy radicals in agreement with theoretical predictions.
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42

Villegas, Trinidad Karla de la Luz. "Validación de un método para determinar actividad de agua (aw) en productos farmacéuticos sólidos como una alternativa para identificar su vulnerabilidad al crecimiento microbiano." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/villegas_t_kd/.

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La presencia de microorganismos en un medicamento puede modificar negativamente sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y terapéuticas y en algunos casos puede constituir un riesgo para la salud del consumidor. La actividad de agua (aw) es una herramienta útil para predecir si un producto farmacéutico tiene las condiciones adecuadas para permitir el crecimiento microbiano, por lo que puede ser utilizada para garantizar la calidad microbiológica de un medicamento. Las muestras analizadas en este estudio fueron proporcionadas por el Laboratorio de Microbiología, seleccionándose al azar 3 lotes de cada una de las presentaciones de los productos farmacéuticos sólidos, excepto cápsulas; las tabletas y grageas fueron pulverizadas y posteriormente se determinó su aw utilizando el equipo AquaLab 3TE. De un total de 67 productos farmacéuticos analizados, 34 completaron las mediciones de tres lotes, 13 tuvieron mediciones de dos lotes y 20 sólo tuvieron la medición de un lote, obteniéndose un total de 148 lecturas. Se realizó la calificación del equipo AquaLab 3TE, así como la validación del método para determinar la aw en productos farmacéuticos sólidos, no estériles.<br>(cont.) Se concluyó que los productos farmacéuticos analizados no son vulnerables al crecimiento microbiano ya que su aw es menor a 0.75. El método para determinar aw puede ser utilizado como una herramienta útil para reducir la frecuencia de análisis microbiológicos en los productos que cuentan con las mediciones de tres de sus lotes, también puede ser utilizado para liberar productos que requieren un reproceso. Es conveniente realizar más estudios acerca de cómo afecta la aw a la estabilidad y seguridad microbiológica de los productos farmacéuticos.
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43

Martínez, Guzmán María Teresa. "Determinación de actividad de agua en formas farmacéuticas sólidas utilizando una metodología previamente validada." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/martinez_g_mt/.

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En este trabajo se mencionará la importancia que tiene la actividad de agua (Aw) no sólo en los alimentos sino también en la industria farmacéutica. Actualmente los laboratorios farmacéuticos se han preocupado por mejorar la calidad los procesos y para lograrlo han utilizado la metodología seis sigma, esto les ha funcionado para mostrar una mejor imagen de calidad excelente en medicamentos, shampoo, jabones, etc. Sin embargo se continua exigiendo una mejora continua con los más altas garantías de la calidad, por tal motivo surge la validación y creación de protocolos. Se estudiaron las materias primas sólidas para observar si existen diferencias significativas entre sí, los resultados nos muestran que no solo existen dichas diferencias entre categorías sino también entre observaciones de una misma categoría. Como conclusión se menciona que para que este método sea aceptado por la industria farmacéutica se recomienda el estudio de tendencias. Abstract In this work will be mentioned the importance of water activity (Aw) not only in foods, but also in the pharmaceutical industry.<br>(cont.) At the moment the pharmaceutical laboratories have worried to improve the quality in medicines, shampoo, soaps, etc. Nevertheless, there is a constant demand of improvement with the highest guarantees of quality, for that reason the validation and creation for protocols is a fundamental piece. The solid raw materials were studied to observe if significant differences exist between each category, the results show that not only exist differences between categories exist, but also between observations of the same category. In conclusion, these job mentions that if pharmaceutical industry wants to use this method, first its necessary to make a tendencies study.
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44

Casco, Castro Cinthya Elizabeth. "Estudio farmacoecon��mico de un programa de Atenci��n Farmac��utica Integral para pacientes adultos hipertensos derechohabientes del hospital ISSSTEP (Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores al Servicio de los Poderes del Estado de Puebla)." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/casco_c_ce/.

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Introducci��n: La Atenci��n Farmac��utica (AF), en la actualidad constituye el n��cleo fundamental de la farmacia, con dos fines b��sicos: prevenci��n, detecci��n y resoluci��n de problemas relacionados con la medicaci��n (PRM) y el conseguir la m��xima efectividad del tratamiento farmacol��gico prescrito, en el contexto global de las necesidades terap��uticas del paciente. La AF es la respuesta sanitaria a la necesidad social de ayudar a los pacientes para obtener el m��ximo beneficio de sus medicamentos, debido a que reduce costos en la terapia, as�� como la hace segura y efectiva produciendo un impacto positivo en la poblaci��n. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto farmacoecon��mico del programa de atenci��n farmac��utica integral en pacientes adultos con hipertensi��n en el hospital ISSSTEP. Metodolog��a y m��todos: Se trata de un estudio de caso ? control, longitudinal, prospectivo y observacional. Participaron pacientes derechohabientes del hospital ISSSTEP. Se les dividi�� en dos grupos, el grupo caso y e grupo control. Los pacientes del grupo caso (n:21), se les dio atenci��n farmac��utica una vez al mes durante 6 meses, y en cambio al grupo control (n:12), s��lo se les dio atenci��n farmac��utica al finalizar el estudio. Se les brind�� a ambos grupos: monitoreo cl��nico, educaci��n sanitaria, seguimiento farmacoterap��utico y farmacovigilancia.<br>(cont.) Al finalizar el estudio, con los resultados obtenidos se realiz�� el estudio farmacoecon��mico que consisti�� en 4 etapas: revisi��n sistem��tica, costeo, modelo anal��tico y finalmente, la evaluaci��n econ��mica. Resultados:Se observaron cambios significativos en el grupo caso de: cumplimiento de la farmacoterapia, conocimiento de la farmacoterapia y de la HTA as�� como control de las cifras de presi��n arterial. En contrario al grupo control, donde no se observo ning��n cambio en el cumplimiento y conocimiento de la farmacoterapia y conocimiento de HTA, y a��n el cambio en el control de las cifras de presi��n este fue no significativo. Se realizaron cambios en el grupo caso de: sedentarismo, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, estr��s, consumo de sodio, perdida de peso, mala alimentaci��n y nutrici��n. Con respecto a las actividades de farmacovigilancia: se detectaron 17 posibles RAM, clasificadas como: probables y posibles seg��n el algoritmo de naranjo. Se detectaron 88 RNM: 80 reales y 8 potenciales. Clasificadas: 29 de Necesidad, 47 de Efectividad y 12 de Seguridad. Se realizaron 88 Intervenciones Farmac��utico ? Pacientes, de las cuales 88 fueron aceptadas. Se resolvieron 75 (85.22%) de los RNM. Clasific��ndoles como intervenciones significativas y muy significativas<br>(cont.) Se evalu�� al programa de AF seg��n la encuesta de satisfacci��n como un programa excelente-bueno. El costo de la hipertensi��n arterial con la alternativa AF es de: $17, 151.12 MNX. Brindando 11.53 meses de vida saludables, de los cuales 3.59 son considerados meses de vida saludables ganados. El costo/efectividad de AF es de: 1,487.52 MNX. En cambio el costo de la HTA sin AF es de $26,213.96 MNX s��lo brindando 7.93 meses de vida saludables. Conclusi��n: La AF es una alternativa costo-efectiva, que muestra un ahorro por paciente anualmente de $1, 818.14 MNX. Considerando que en el ISSSTEP existen 2414 pacientes hipertensos, el ahorro ser��a de: $21, 877, 696 MNX
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45

Tlacuilo, Morales Alejandra. "Obtenci��n y caracterizaci��n de microc��psulas de captopril por el m��todo de atomizaci��n y coacervaci��n compleja." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/tlacuilo_m_a/.

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46

Ram��rez, P��rez Laura Estela. "Estudio de utilizaci��n de antibi��ticos en pacientes ambulatorios del Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de Tabasco (ISSET)." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/ramirez_p_le/.

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La importancia que tiene el uso racional de antibi��ticos radica en que se puede obtener un mayor beneficio para el paciente enfermo, adem��s que limita el desarrollo de microorganismos resistentes. El uso racional de antibi��ticos ayuda a minimizar los gastos econ��micos dando un a beneficio a instituciones de salud y pacientes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un estudio farmacoepidemiol��gico prospectivo observacional de la prescripci��n de antimicrobianos en el ISSET en periodo de enero-junio del 2010. En lo que respecta a la metodolog��a, se realiz�� un estudio farmacoepidemiol��gico en el cual se midi�� el consumo de f��rmacos antimicrobianos de los pacientes ambulatorios empleando la f��rmula DDD/1000/hab./d��a; tambi��n se determinaron los f��rmacos antimicrobianos que se prescriben fuera del cuadro b��sico del ISSET con mayor frecuencia. Se encontraron y describieron las interacciones medicamentosas m��s frecuentes dentro de ��ste grupo de f��rmacos, con ayuda de un software creado en Visual Basic.NET. ��stas se agruparon de acuerdo a su severidad en graves, moderadas y leves. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que el f��rmaco que m��s se consumi�� de enero a junio del 2010, fue la nitrofuranto��na con una DDD/1000/hab./d��a de 34.1556.<br>(cont.) El f��rmaco m��s dispensado dentro de los medicamentos fuera del cuadro b��sico fue la isoniazida con una DDD/1000/hab./d��a de 27.3315. Los grupos de antibi��ticos que m��s interacciones ocasionaron son los aminogluc��sidos, las fluoroquinolonas, las cefalosporinas y las penicilinas. Las cinco interacciones graves m��s frecuentes encontradas fueron: la amikacina con furosemida con una frecuencia de aparici��n de 426, seguida de la amikacina con estreptomicina con una frecuencia de aparici��n de 329, en tercer lugar tenemos al ciprofloxacino con hidrocortisona con una frecuencia de 301; luego est�� el ciprofloxacino con dexametasona con 280, y por ��ltimo, encontramos al amlodipino con itraconazol con una frecuencia de aparici��n de 232. Para concluir, los estudios sobre el uso y consumo de antibi��ticos, y sobre los patrones de prescripci��n, fomentan a que se emplee la farmacovigilancia como una herramienta con la cual se pueden generar pol��ticas y estrategias propiciando el uso racional de antibi��ticos, lo cual a su vez conlleva a una reducci��n de los gastos y mejor reparto del mismo. Con este estudio se puede hacer una planeaci��n de compra de productos medicamentosos (basado en los datos epidemiol��gicos obtenidos), que puedan cubrir satisfactoriamente las necesidades de consumo de la poblaci��n de Villahermosa, Tabasco; evitando as�� el desabasto de medicamentos y de recursos. .
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47

Pedraza, Montero Pascual. "Dise��o de un Modelo de Sistema de Gesti��n de Calidad para los Servicios de Farmacovigilancia Hospitalaria en M��xico." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/pedraza_m_p/.

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Un sistema bien organizado de Farmacovigilancia (Fv) no solamente permite el uso seguro de los medicamentos e incide por tanto en la seguridad de los pacientes, sino que tambi��n es capaz de impactar en un uso m��s equitativo, con calidad, efectivo y eficiente de los recursos terap��uticos en la sociedad. La contribuci��n de la Fv al uso racional de medicamentos se origina mediante la gesti��n y en la prevenci��n de riesgos que esta disciplina permite en los sistemas de salud. Dise��ar un modelo para las actividades enfocadas a Fv hospitalaria, basado en un sistema de gesti��n de calidad el cual cuente con est��ndares centrados en el paciente, y que a su vez promueva el uso racional de medicamentos y la seguridad del paciente en los hospitales de M��xico Tras una revisi��n bibliogr��fica, se elabor�� una lista inicial de 93 indicadores de calidad para un servicio de farmacovigilancia, la cual fue enviada a un panel de 11 expertos farmac��uticos aplicando el m��todo Delphi en 2 rondas; ellos evaluaron los indicadores usando una escala tipo Likert. Los expertos se seleccionaron mediante la evaluaci��n de su grado de conocimiento y de argumentaci��n sobre el ��rea<br>(cont.) Posteriormente se evalu�� el estado situacional de los servicios de Fv de siete hospitales mexicanos, aplicando el an��lisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades y Amenazas) y los indicadores valorados como relevantes y pertinentes por el panel de expertos. El an��lisis estad��stico de los resultados permiti�� el dise��o del modelo de gesti��n de calidad. La aplicaci��n del m��todo Delphi facilit�� la generaci��n de un instrumento compuesto por 66 de 93 indicadores de calidad presentados inicialmente al panel de expertos; los cuales fueron valorados como indispensables para formar parte del sistema de gesti��n de calidad en los servicios de Fv hospitalarios. La evaluaci��n diagn��stica de los siete hospitales se realiz�� mediante la lista de 66 indicadores y el an��lisis situacional FODA. El modelo fue realizado bajo los elementos cl��sicos: estructura, proceso y resultados (Modelo de Donabedian); y fraccionado en 6 componentes o m��dulos: recursos humanos, sistema documental, gesti��n de los reportes de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM��s), base de datos, indicadores claves del rendimiento y organizaci��n y estructura del servicio<br>(cont.) El modelo de gesti��n de calidad generado cuenta con principios como flexible, sustentable, que permiten actuar de manera precisa y correcta dentro de servicio de Fv; adem��s, los indicadores tienen propiedades como: validez, sensibilidad, confianza, flexibles y son suficientes para determinar el desempe��o de los servicios aunado a lo anterior se acompa��an de procedimientos normalizados de operaci��n para el desarrollo de las actividades de la Fv hospitalaria. Un sistema de gesti��n de calidad para los servicios de FV hospitalaria permite alcanzar el grado de excelencia del servicio, identificando elementos a mejorar, de manera inmediata y oportuna, a trav��s de medidas correctivas. Este proyecto presenta el primer modelo de gesti��n de calidad dise��ado para los servicios de Fv de los hospitales mexicanos; enmarcado por la legislaci��n mexicana en la materia y adaptado a las necesidades y caracter��sticas del sistema de salud mexicano. El contar con una Fv funcional, efectiva y transparente en los hospitales puede proveer de valiosa informaci��n farmacoepidemiol��gica, evidencia cient��fica e incidir positivamente en el uso seguro de los medicamentos en los pacientes mexicanos. As�� como, influir en los recursos econ��micos, certificaci��n ante organismos y validaci��n de los procesos en Fv. ABSTRACT Pharmacovigilance systems identify and manage the adverse drug reactions and medicine product defects<br>(cont.) Their goal is to provide accurate, complete and timely information about benefit-risk profile of drug. A pharmacovigilance system allow the drug safety and therefore it impacts in the correctly, effective and efficient use. The contribution of Pharmacovigilance in the rational drug use is caused by management and risk prevention that this discipline allows in health systems. The aim of this study was to develop a quality management system model to be used at Mexican hospitals to improve their pharmacovigilance practices. After a literature review, an initial list of 93 pharmacovigilance service qualities was developed and presented to 11 pharmacist experts in two Delphi consultations rounds; experts evaluated the quality indicators with a 5 point Likert scale. Experts were selected by two tests about the pharmacovigilance area. Moreover, indicators selected were used to develop an assessment tool to evaluate the pharmacovigilance service of seven hospitals. Then, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis and the list of quality indicators were performed to measure quality of the pharmacovigilance service in seven hospitals. Finally, the result of statistical analysis allow develop of quality management system. Statistical Analysis of the Delphi study showed that 66 of 93 indicators were considered relevant and measurable to become part of the pharmacovigilance system<br>(cont.) Using the SWOT analysis and the final set of indicators, diagnostic assessment of the pharmacovigilance system was performed at seven Mexican hospitals. Model of quality management was constructed based on Donabedian��s structure, process and outcome model and divided in 6 elements: human resources, documentary system, report processing and management of pharmacovigilance data, databases, key performance indicators and infrastructure. Model of quality management has some principle as flexible and sustainable, that allow to act correctly and exactly in the pharmacovigilance service. Also, the set indicators have properties as validity, sensitivity, reliability, flexible and they are necessary to determine the development in pharmacovigilance activities. In addition, it has standard operating procedures to obtain the outcomes to pharmacovigilance services at seven hospitals. Quality management systems of pharmacovigilance practices at hospital should be allowed to provide an excellent service. Additionally, it must be robust and flexible in order to be able to identify the need for improvement in a timely manner and to implement corrective actions without delay. This project presents the first Model of quality management of hospital-based pharmacovigilance systems in Mexico. Also, the work encourage the good pharmacovigilance practices, it proves pharmacoepidemiological valuable information, evidence and impact positively on the safe use of drugs in Mexican patients<br>(cont.) Finally, quality system influences in aspects so economic resources, certification with agencies and process validation in pharmacovigilance activities..
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48

Nolasco, López Miriam. "Verificación de principios activos y pruebas de calidad química y microbiológica de extractos de las plantas medicinales Bursera linanoe, Matricaria recutita, Mentha piperita, Ruta graveolens y Porophyllum seemannii, de la mixteca poblana." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2012. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lcf/nolasco_l_m/.

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En este proyecto se verificó la presencia de principios activos en cinco plantas medicinales, de uso común, pertenecientes a la mixteca poblana; dichas plantas incluyen a Hierbabuena (Mentha piperita), Hierba del venado (Porophyllum seemannii), Lináloe (Bursera linanoe), Manzanilla (Matricaria recutita) y Ruda (Ruta graveolens). Además, se verificó la calidad química y microbiológica de éstas. Para determinar la identidad de las plantas utilizadas en el proyecto, se analizó la presencia de determinadas características, las cuales fueran representativas de cada planta, tanto macroscópicas como la descripción de las hojas, tallos y flores de las plantas; así como la descripción de componentes microscópicos; de lo cual se pudo identificar para Mentha piperita la presencia de pelos tectores pluricelulares, glándulas, estomas diacíticos, células del parénquima y células de la epidermis; para Porophyllum seemannii se encontraron pelos tectores pluricelulares, glándula unicelular y pie unicelular y estomas anisocíticos; mientras que para Bursera linanoe se observó células del xilema, células del floema y traqueidas; por otra parte para Matricaria recutita: células de la epidermis, polen, glándulas y estomas anomocíticos; y para Ruta graveolens se encontró los siguientes componentes: estomas anomocíticos, glándulas, células de la epidermis y células del parénquima. De este análisis se pudo determinar que las platas recolectadas eran las correctas para la aplicación de las diferentes pruebas. La determinación de principios activos en las plantas medicinales se realizó aplicando pruebas fitoquímicas preliminares (Domínguez, 1973), estas pruebas fueron aplicadas a los extractos etanólicos obtenidos de cada planta. En M. piperita se detectó alcaloides, flavonoides, glucósidos cardiotónicos y lactonas sesquiterpenicas, saponinas y taninos; en P. seemannii: flavonoides, glucósidos cardiotónicos y lactonas sesquiterpenicas, saponinas y taninos; en B. linanoe se detectó alcaloides y flavonoides; en M. recutita se detectó alcaloides, flavonoides, glucósidos cardiotónicos y lactonas sesquiterpenicas, saponinas, taninos y triterpenos; y en R. graveolens se detectó alcaloides, flavonoides, glucósidos cardiotónicos y lactonas sesquiterpenicas, saponinas y taninos. En la valoración de residuos de pesticidas, se determinó la posible presencia de pesticidas organofosforados y organoclorados. La determinación de pesticidas organofosforados se realizó mediante la determinación de fosfatos totales; las concentraciones de fosfatos fueron nulas en M. piperita, P. seemannii, B. linanoe y M. recutita; mientras que para R. graveolens se encontró una concentración de 6.1 mg/L, concentración que no supera los límites máximos permisibles. La determinación de pesticidas organoclorados se realizó mediante la determinación de cloruros totales por titulación (Método de Morh), se determinó la presencia de cantidades mínimas de cloruros, en el siguiente orden: 0.80 mg/L para M. recutita, 0.62 mg/L para P. seemannii, 0.44 mg/L para M. piperita, 0.35 mg/L para R. graveolens y 0.089 mg/L para B. linanoe; concentraciones que se encuentra por debajo de los límites permitidos. En cuanto a los metales pesados, se estimó la concentración de cadmio, cromo y plomo por absorción atómica; la evaluación de estos tres metales se realizó en la hierba seca. En los resultados obtenidos se observó que la concentración más elevada de cadmio fue de 0.15 mg/kg y de cromo fue de 0.78 mg/kg para M. recutita; y finalmente para plomo se apreció que la concentración más elevada fue de 2.5 mg/kg para R. graveolens. Sin embargo estas concentraciones se encuentran por debajo de los límites establecidos por la OMS para plantas medicinales. Finalmente en las pruebas microbiológicas se evaluó la presencia de microorganismos patógenos como Salmonella, Pseudomonas y enterobacterias. De lo cual se descartó la presencia de Salmonella y Pseudomonas en las muestras analizadas, ya que no hubo desarrollo de colonias para estos microorganismos. En cuanto a las enterobacterias se encontró la presencia de Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes y Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacilos Gram negativos que son considerados saprófitos para humanos y animales y que por tanto no deberían representar un riesgo para la salud.
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49

Kervajan, LoÏc. "Contribution à la traduction automatique français/langue des signes française (LSF) au moyen de personnages virtuels : Contribution à la génération automatique de la LSF." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10172.

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Depuis la loi du 11-02-2005 pour l’égalité des droits et des chances, les lieux ouverts au public doivent accueillir les Sourds en Langue des Signes Française (LSF). C’est dans le cadre du développement d’outils technologiques de diffusion de LSF que nous avons travaillé, plus particulièrement au niveau de la traduction automatique du français écrit vers la LSF. Notre thèse commence par un état de l’art relatif aux connaissances sur la LSF (ressources disponibles et supports d’expression de la LSF) avant d’approfondir des notions de grammaire descriptive. Notre hypothèse de travail est la suivant : la LSF est une langue et, à ce titre, la traduction automatique lui est applicable.Nous décrivons ensuite les spécifications linguistiques pour le traitement automatique, en fonction des observations mises en avant dans l’état de l’art et des propositions de nos informateurs. Nous détaillons notre méthodologie et présentons l’avancée de nos travaux autour de la formalisation des données linguistiques à partir des spécificités de la LSF dont certaines (model verbal, modification adjectivale et adverbiale, organisation des substantifs, problématiques de l’accord) ont nécessité un traitement plus approfondi. Nous présentons le cadre applicatif dans lequel nous avons travaillé : les systèmes de traduction automatique et d’animation de personnage virtuel de France Telecom R&amp;D. Puis, après un rapide état de l’art sur les technologies avatar nous décrivons nos modalités de contrôle du moteur de synthèse de geste grâce au format d’échange mis au point. Enfin, nous terminons par nos évaluations et perspectives de recherche et de développements qui pourront suivre cette Thèse.Notre approche a donné ses premiers résultats puisque nous avons atteint notre objectif de faire fonctionner la chaîne complète de traduction : de la saisie d'un énoncé en français jusqu'à la réalisation de l'énoncé correspondant en LSF par un personnage de synthèse<br>Since the law was voted the 11-02-2005 for equal rights and opportunities: places open to anyone (public places, shops, internet, etc.) should welcome the Deaf in French Sign Language (FSL). We have worked on the development of technological tools to promote LSF, especially in machine translation from written French to FSL.Our thesis begins with a presentation of knowledge on FSL (theoretical resources and ways to edit FSL) and follows by further concepts of descriptive grammar. Our working hypothesis is: FSL is a language and, therefore, machine translation is relevant.We describe the language specifications for automatic processing, based on scientific knowledge and proposals of our native FSL speaker informants. We also expose our methodology, and do present the advancement of our work in the formalization of linguistic data based on the specificities of FSL which certain (verbs scheme, adjective and adverb modification, organization of nouns, agreement patterns) require further analysis.We do present the application framework in which we worked on: the machine translation system and virtual characters animation system of France Telecom R&amp;D.After a short avatar technology presentation, we explain our control modalities of the gesture synthesis engine through the exchange format that we developed.Finally, we conclude with an evaluation, researches and developments perspectives that could follow this thesis.Our approach has produced its first results since we have achieved our goal of running the full translation chain: from the input of a sentence in French to the realization of the corresponding sentence in FSL with a synthetic character
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50

Petersson, Ingrid, Simone Johansson, and Matilda Persson. "Kundtillfredsställelse : bland köp- och säljkunder i samarbete med LRF Konsult." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-810.

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<p>The purpose of this thesis was, on the mission of LRF Konsult Södra marknadsområdet, to research on why their customers were satisfied and/or dissatisfied. The research was performed in two segments: customers that had joined the company through acquisitions of other accounting firms and customers that had been in contact with LRF Konsult’s personal sellers.</p><p>To be able to find the answer to our purpose we chose to do a qualitative study. Five interviews were performed with customers in southern Sweden, Skåne and Halland, to get their personal view of the service and of their relation to LRF Konsult and their contact person.</p><p>The theories suggested that the satisfaction of the customers would increase depending on their relation with LRF Konsult and their contact person. Our research concluded the relation differed for each customer and that it was of great importance that the contact person at LRF Konsult understood and adapted the relation to what the customer wanted. Furthermore, there was a slight difference between the acquired customers and customers by sellers since the last mentioned segment seems to have a close relation to both LRF Konsult and the contact person. The acquired customer rather has a close relation solely to the contact person. No matter what type of relation they had, we could clearly see that the contact person played an important role since that person was in direct contact with the customers.</p><p>We also noticed a difference between the agricultural segment and other small enterprises. The agricultural customers were thankful for the expertise of LRF Konsult within the customers’ segment and appreciated the knowledge that they had access to. The other small enterprises were not interested in a deeper knowledge within their branches.</p><p>Other important aspects that could be concluded from this research were the value of trust in order to create satisfaction. Price on the other hand was not, in line with the theories presented, of great importance. Finally there was a focus on the process as a whole, which worked as a driving force for higher satisfaction, even if the customers differed in how active they wanted to be.</p><br><p>Denna uppsats hade som uppgift att, på uppdrag av LRF Konsult Södra marknadsområdet, undersöka varför deras kunders var nöjda och/eller missnöjda. Undersökningen utfördes i de två kundgrupperna: köp- och säljkunder. Köpkunder är kunder som värvats genom förvärvning av andra byråer, och säljkunder har värvats utav LRF Konsults anställda säljare.</p><p>För att kunna svara på denna fråga valde vi att utföra en kvalitativ undersökning. Fem personliga intervjuer gjordes med kunder i Skåne och Halland för att få deras personliga syn på tjänsten samt deras relation till LRF Konsult och handläggaren.</p><p>Teorierna föreslog att kundernas tillfredsställelse skulle öka i takt med hur nära deras relation med LRF Konsult och deras handläggare blev. Vad vi fann i denna undersökning var att detta skiljde sig hos de olika kunderna och att det var viktigt att handläggarna i LRF Konsult kunde läsa av kundernas behov och anpassa relationen till vad de önskade. Vidare så fanns det här en skillnad mellan köp- och säljkunder eftersom säljkunderna verkade ha en relation med både LRF Konsult och handläggaren medan köpkunder hade en mer nära relation med endast handläggaren. Handläggaren hade, oavsett typ av relation, en stor betydelse eftersom det var handläggaren som var i direkt kontakt med kunden.</p><p>Vi kunde se en skillnad mellan de två segmenten, vilka var lantbrukare och övriga småföretag. Lantbrukarna hade tagit nytta av LRF Konsult expertis inom detta område och uppskattade den kunskap som de hade tillgång till. De övriga småföretagarna ansåg sig inte mindre nöjda för att LRF Konsult inte hade djupare kunskap inom deras branscher.</p><p>En annan viktig aspekt som kom fram i denna undersökning var hur viktigt förtroendet för handläggaren/LRF Konsult är för att skapa tillfredsställelse. Pris hade dock, som teorierna föreslog, mindre betydelse. Slutligen så var själva processen i fokus som drivande av tillfredsställelsen, även om det fanns olika behov av hur aktiv man ville vara i denna process hos de olika kunderna.</p>
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