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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-surgical treatment

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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-surgical treatment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-surgical treatment"

1

Salajka, F., M. Olejnicek, I. Palkova, A. Pokorny, and J. Meluzin. "Results of Non-Surgical and Surgical Treatment of Bronchogenic Carcinoma." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 3, no. 2 (1989): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg1987.3.2_170.

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Tela, Usman Mohammed. "Peyronies Disease: Report of a Successful Non Surgical Treatment." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 04 (April 27, 2017): 20767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.165.

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Daugaard, G. "32IN NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT." Lung Cancer 71 (February 2011): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(11)70169-6.

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Abusedera, Mohammad Alaa, Magdy Khaliel, and Assem Elsani M. A. Hassan. "Surgical and non-surgical treatment of non-traumatic gallbladder perforation." Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 48, no. 1 (March 2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.10.005.

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Choi, Chong Won. "Non-surgical treatment of vitiligo." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 63, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.12.741.

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Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder that affects 0.5% to 2% of the population. Skin lesions from vitiligo, white macules and patches on the skin, can pose a substantial psychological burdencan, causing a significant decrease in one’s quality of life. Recent basic and clinical studies have found that vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder, mediated by CD8+ T-cell and interferon-γ-mediated cytokine/chemokines. Although no treatment modality presents a complete cure for vitiligo, current treatment modalities have a modest effect on vitiligo by reversing the disease’s progression, inducing its stabilization, and promoting melanocyte regeneration. Current non-surgical treatment modalities include topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, systemic corticosteroids, and phototherapy such as narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy and excimer laser. In addition, clinicians have used and combined non-surgical treatment modalities based on the activity and extent of vitiligo. Moreover, considering the high risk of vitiligo relapse, maintenance therapy for re-pigmented lesions has also been introduced. Lastly, based on the results of recent translational research, new and emerging treatment modalities have been introduced, such as Janus kinase inhibitors. This review presents an overview of the current non-surgical treatment modalities for vitiligo and discusses emerging treatments.

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Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen. "Keratoacanthoma – Non surgical treatment modalities." Our Dermatology Online 8, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20173.103.

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ROBERTS-THOMSON, I. C. "NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GALLSTONES." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 17, no. 4 (August 1987): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb00067.x.

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Ravoet, Christophe, Harry Bleiberg, and Beatrice Gerard. "Non-surgical treatment of hepatocarcinoma." Journal of Surgical Oncology 53, S3 (1993): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.2930530529.

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Ghosh, G., and M. S. Rohatgi. "Non-surgical treatment of vertigo." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology 41, no. 2 (June 1989): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02994354.

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Lynch, Richard M. "Achilles tendon rupture: surgical versus non-surgical treatment." Accident and Emergency Nursing 12, no. 3 (July 2004): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaen.2003.11.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-surgical treatment"

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Abitbol, Sarah. "Outcome of non-surgical endodontic treatment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62996.pdf.

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Ho, Kam-yuen Simon, and 何錦源. "Healing responses following surgical/non-surgical treatment in residual periodontally-involved sites." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895463.

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Ho, Kam-yuen Simon. "Healing responses following surgical/non-surgical treatment in residual periodontally-involved sites." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36787681.

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Ng, Y. L. "Factors affecting outcome of non-surgical root canal treatment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14526/.

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Lee, Hui-cheng Angeline, and 李慧琴. "Long term outcome of primary non-surgical root canal treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45165853.

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Mak, Yun-lok Raymond. "Profile changes of putative periodontal pathogens after non-surgical periodontal treatment." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954236.

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Mak, Yun-lok Raymond, and 麥潤樂. "Profile changes of putative periodontal pathogens after non-surgical periodontal treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954236.

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Apatzidou, Danae Anastasia. "Clinical, microbiological and immunological responses to two non-surgical periodontal treatment modalities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394964.

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Pereira, Stephen Paul. "The pathogenesis and non-surgical treatment of gallstones : clinical and laboratory studies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271458.

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Costa, Ricardo dos Santos Araujo. "Comparação dos tratamentos cirúrgico e não cirúrgico da perimplantite : análise clínica de 3 meses de um ensaio controlado randomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173858.

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As doenças perimplantares (DPi) vêm sendo consideradas umas das maiores causas de perdas tardias de implantes dentários e nenhum dos tratamentos já propostos na literatura mostrou ser eficiente a ponto de se tornar a primeira escolha terapêutica. Considerando que a definição correta do tratamento depende invariavelmente do entendimento da etiopatogenia, ocorrências e diagnóstico das DPi, o objetivo da presente tese foi abordar as DPi através de uma ampla revisão dos seus conceitos e da apresentação de dados clínicos preliminares de três meses de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado comparando os resultados dos tratamentos cirúrgico (C) e não cirúrgico (NC) da perimplantite. Foram incluídos implantes apresentando um ou mais sítios com profundidade de sondagem perimplantar (PSi) ≥ 5mm, com presença de sangramento submucoso (SSi) e/ou supuração e apresentando perda óssea radiográfica (PO) ≥ 3mm. O tratamento não cirúrgico incluiu debridamento mecânico com curetas de teflon e irrigação com solução salina, assim como o tratamento cirúrgico, com acesso por retalho mucoperiostal. Não foram utilizadas técnicas ressectivas e nem implantoplastia. A amostra foi randomizada de maneira estratificada para o hábito de fumar e a presente análise, de 3 meses de acompanhamento após o tratamento, se refere à amostra de 22 indivíduos (29 implantes), sendo 12 (17 implantes) no grupo C e 10 (12 implantes) no NC. No início do estudo não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para variáveis demográficas e clínicas, exceto nas condições periodontais de índice de placa visível (IPV) (NC 22,3±14,08 / C 40,2±19,9) e sangramento a sondagem (NC 15,9±10,2 / C 31,8±15,9). Após três meses de tratamento, não houve desistências e, considerando o pior sítio do implante, os dois tratamentos reduziram significativamente as medidas de PSi (NC 5,8±0,27 para 4,3±0,55mm / C 5,9±0,29 para 5,0±0,28mm), os dois grupos apresentaram redução de SSi mas apenas no grupo C foi significativa, diminuindo de 100% para 53%. Não houve diferenças entre os níveis de perda de inserção clínica (PIi). Em uma análise multivariada para identificar os preditores de sucesso dos tratamentos, implantes com PSi basal > 6 mm apresentaram piores reduções de PSi, SSi e PIi, o histórico de periodontite dificultou a redução de PSi enquanto indivíduos com 5 ou mais implantes e reabilitados com próteses cimentadas apresentaram piores reduções de SSi. A taxa de sucesso dos tratamentos foi de 33% no grupo NC e 17% para o grupo C sem diferenças estatísticas. Conclui-se que ambos os tratamentos diminuíram sinais inflamatórios embora sem a demonstração de diferenças entre eles, e que preditores de risco ao sucesso do tratamento devem ser investigados.
Peri-implant diseases (PiD) have been considered the major causes of late loss of dental implants, and none of the proposed treatments in the literature demonstrated to be efficient to become the first therapeutic choice. Considering that the correct definition of treatment depends invariably on the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, occurrence and diagnosis of PiD, the aim of the present theses was to approach PiD through a 9oné99ono f its concepts and presenting preliminary clinical data of 3 months from a randomized controlled 9oné9 comparing surgical (ST) and non-surgical (NST) treatments of peri-implantitis. Implants presenting pocket depth (PD) ≥5mm and bleeding on probing (Bosshardt et al.) with radiographic bone loss ≥3 mm were included in the study. NST included mechanical debridement of the implant with Teflon curets and irrigation with saline solution, whereas ST included the debridement with mucoperiostal flap. Ressective surgery and implantoplasty were not applied. The sample was randomized by stratification according to smoking habit, and the present 3-months analysis after treatment referes to 22 individuals (29 implants), 12 (17 implants) in ST and 10 (12 implants) in the NST group. At basliene, no significant differences were observed between groups for demographic and clinical variables, except for periodontal conditions of teeth in regards to visible plaque (NST 22.3±14.08% and ST 40.2±19.9%) and BOP (NST 15.9±10.2% and ST 31.8±15.9%). After 3 months, there were no drop-outs and, considering the worst site of each implant, the two treatments reduced significantly mean PD (NST 5.8±0.27mm to 4.3±0.55mm and ST 5.9±0.29mm to 5.0±0.28mm. Both groups presented reduction in BOP, but only in the ST the reduction was significant, decreasing from 100% to 53%. There were no significant differences in clinical attachment loss after 3 months in the two groups. In a multivariable analysis to identify predictors of treatment success, implants with baseline PD >6mm presented lower reduction in PD over 3 months, as well as BOP and CAL. Previous history of periodontitis lead to higher PD and individuals with more then 5 implants and rehabilitated with bonded prosthesis had higher BOP over time. It can be concluded that both treatments reduced signs of inflammation although without significant differences between them, and baseline PD, number of implants, history of periodontitis and type of prosthetic fixation may be used as predictors of clinical outcomes of peri-implantitis treatment.

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Books on the topic "Non-surgical treatment"

1

Jemec, Gregor B. E., Lajos Kemeny, and Donald Miech, eds. Non-Surgical Treatment of Keratinocyte Skin Cancer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79341-0.

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Wallner, Kent. Prostate cancer : a non-surgical perspective. Canaan, N.Y: SmartMedicine Press, 1996.

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Sleep apnea and snoring: Surgical and non-surgical therapy. [Edinburgh?]: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.

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Prostate cancer: A non-surgical perspective. Canaan, N.Y: SmartMedicine Press, 1996.

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The DMR method: Non-surgical solution to severe back pain. Apple Valley, MN: Tangletown Media, 2015.

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Clarke, John Henry. Non-surgical treatment of diseases of the glands and bones: With a chapter on scrofula. New Delhi: Jain Pub. Co., 1991.

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Bypassing bypass: The new technique of chelation therapy : a non-surgical treatment for improving circulation and slowing the aging process. 2nd ed. Trout Dale, VA: Medex Publishers, 1996.

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Cranton, Elmer M. Bypassing bypass: The new technique of chelation therapy : a non-surgical treatment for improving circulation and slowing the aging process. 2nd ed. [Trout Dale, Va.?]: Hampton Roads Pub. Co., 1994.

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9

Hochschuler, Stephen. Treat your back without surgery: The best non-surgical alternatives for eliminating back and neck pain. Alameda, CA: Hunter House Publishers, 1998.

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Hochschuler, Stephen. Treat your back without surgery: The best non-surgical alternatives for eliminating back and neck pain. Alameda, CA: Hunter House Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-surgical treatment"

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Odella, Simona. "Non-surgical Treatment." In Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis, 23–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44336-2_4.

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Jain, Saurabh. "Surgical and Non-surgical Treatment of Strabismus." In Simplifying Strabismus, 159–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24846-8_12.

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Patel, Bobby. "Non-surgical Root Canal Treatment." In Endodontic Treatment, Retreatment, and Surgery, 71–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19476-9_4.

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Patel, Bobby. "Non-surgical Root Canal Retreatment." In Endodontic Treatment, Retreatment, and Surgery, 225–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19476-9_10.

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Theodoro, Leticia Helena, and Valdir Gouveia Garcia. "Surgical and non-surgical treatment of periodontal diseases." In Lasers in Dentistry, 151–58. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118987742.ch20.

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Chisaka-Miyara, Kana. "Non-Surgical Re-treatment Case I." In Clinical Cases in Endodontics, 122–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119411956.ch16.

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Yahata, Yoshio. "Non-surgical Re-treatment Case II:." In Clinical Cases in Endodontics, 129–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119411956.ch17.

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Cha, Bruce Y. "Non-surgical Re-treatment Case III:." In Clinical Cases in Endodontics, 136–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119411956.ch18.

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Shah, Ajul, and James E. Clune. "Surgical Treatment of Scaphoid Non-Union." In Fractures of the Wrist, 163–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74293-5_18.

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Han, Xuefeng, and Souphiyeh Samizadeh. "Botulinum Toxin A: Treatment Principles." In Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of Asian Faces, 183–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84099-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-surgical treatment"

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Bauschke, A., A. Altendorf-Hofmann, H. Göbel, H. Helfritzsch, M. Hommann, T. Manger, J. Pertschy, and U. Settmacher. "Surgical treatment of liver metastases from non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine carcinomas." In Viszeralmedizin 2021 Gemeinsame Jahrestagung Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Sektion Endoskopie der DGVS, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733649.

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Price, Mareike, Christoph Happel, Folke Brinkmann, Georg Hülskamp, Timothy Price, Gesine Hansen, Harald Bertram, and Nicolaus Schwerk. "A novel non-surgical treatment of symptomatic congenital lobar emphysema." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3847.

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Baram, D., WH Moore, BS Kim, and TV Bilfinger. "Overall and Disease-Specific Survival after Surgical and Non-Surgical Treatment for Stage IA Lung Cancer." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4434.

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Leila, Fekih, Islam Mejri, Aymen Ayari, Hanène Smadhi, Hela Kammoun, Hela Hassène, Dorra Greb, Hajer Abdelghaffar, Ines Akrout, and Mohamed Lamine Megdiche. "Surgical treatment outcomes on early-stages of non-small-cell lung cancer." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa4283.

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Denehy, Linda, Catherine Granger, and Lara Edbrooke. "Who is able to adhere to exercise during non-surgical treatment for lung cancer?" In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.3237.

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Ng, Kelvin, Nicole Cheng, Hon-Ting Lok, Charing Chong, John Wong, and Kit-Fai Lee. "IDDF2021-ABS-0116 Surgical treatment for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis." In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 4–5 September 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-iddf.92.

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Ivanov, A. A., A. I. ZHdanov, M. S. SHevelin, and A. S. Brezhnev. "Analytical assessment of thrombotic and non-thrombotic complications after surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-09-2020-01.

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Russo, C., G. Palaia, E. Loskutova, F. Libotte, R. Kornblit, G. Gaimari, G. Tenore, and U. Romeo. "Photodynamic therapy in non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: short term randomized clinical trial study." In Sixth International Conference on Lasers in Medicine, edited by Darinca Carmen Todea, Adrian G. Podoleanu, and Virgil-Florin Duma. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2191113.

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Jordan, Kevin J., Neil Mundi, and Corey Moore. "Topical hydrogen peroxide as a neoadjuvant treatment in the surgical excision of non-melanoma skin cancers." In 17th International Photodynamic Association World Congress, edited by Tayyaba Hasan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2528241.

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Sarkar, Saugata, and Marissa Nichole Rylander. "Treatment Planning Model for Nanotube-Mediated Laser Cancer Therapy." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192997.

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The goal of the project is to develop an effective treatment planning computational tool for nanotube-mediated laser therapy that maximizes tumor destruction and minimizes tumor recurrence. Laser therapies can provide a minimally invasive treatment alternative to surgical resection of tumors. However, the effectiveness of these therapies is limited due to nonspecific heating of target tissue and diffusion limited thermal deposition which often leads to healthy tissue injury and extended treatment durations. These therapies can be further compromised due to induction of molecular chaperones called heat shock protein (HSP) in tumor regions where non-lethal temperature elevation occurs causing enhanced tumor cell viability and imparting resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments which are generally employed in conjunction with hyperthermia.

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Reports on the topic "Non-surgical treatment"

1

Lin, Yao, Junbing He, Liangping Chen, xiaozhu Chen, Shuanglin Liao, Shuai Yang, Yingying Lin, Shuncheng Bai, and Chuhui Huang. A comparative evaluation of lasers and photodynamic therapy in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0020.

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Bian, Zhiyuan, Jie Yu, Mingqi Tu, Binjun Liao, Jingmei Huang, Yongliang Jiang, and Jianqiao Fang. Acupuncture and related therapies for carpal tunnel syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0094.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of different acupuncture and related therapies for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) using systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Condition being studied: CTS is a symptomatic condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Patients with CTS typically report paresthesia or pain in distribution of median nerve distal to the wrist. Diverse non-surgical treatments and surgical decompression have been used in the management of CTS. Acupuncture, a prominent component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has also been practiced when treating CTS as a complementary therapy. However, the relative treatment effects of different acupuncture methods for CTS are unclear.

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Peng, Ciyan, Jing Chen, Sini Li, and Jianhe Li. Comparative Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Injections Combined Western medicine for Non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0068.

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Review question / Objective: Advanced lung cancer has become the top malignant tumor in terms of morbidity and mortality, and Chinese herbal injections combined with western drugs have been widely used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer. For this purpose, we conducted a Bayesian network analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of different herbal injections combined with western drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. Subjects: Patients diagnosed with NSCLC by pathological or cytological examination, locally advanced or those who refused surgical treatment were included, regardless of gender, age, stage, race, nationality and sample size; Interventions: Chinese herbal injections combined with three types of commonly used western drugs (platinum, targeted and immune agents) were used in the experimental group, while the control group was treated with western drugs alone; Study type: to report the efficacy of Chinese herbal injections combined with western drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer efficacy in a randomized controlled trial (rct) Eligible. No restrictions were imposed on language, year of publication, or publication status. Ending indicators: Main ending indicators: (1) disease control rate (DCR), DCR = (complete remission + partial remission + stable)/total number of cases. Efficacy rate = (number of improvement cases + number of stable cases)/total number of cases. (2) Secondary outcome indicators: quality of life, determined according to the KPS behavioral status scale, improvement was defined as an increase of ≥10 points in KPS score after treatment; stability was defined as an increase or decrease of <10 points in KPS score; decline was defined as a decrease of ≥10 points in KPS score. (3) The incidence of adverse reactions, including gastrointestinal reactions, white blood cell (WBC) reduction, hemoglobin (HGB) reduction, platelet (PLT) reduction, etc.

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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.

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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Ian Blazina, Erika Brodt, David I. Buckley, Tamara P. Cheney, et al. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer240.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapy in patients with specific types of acute pain, including effects on pain, function, quality of life, adverse events, and long-term use of opioids. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to August 2020, reference lists, and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient therapies for eight acute pain conditions: low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain following discharge, dental pain (surgical or nonsurgical), pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease. Meta-analyses were conducted on pharmacologic therapy for dental pain and kidney stone pain, and likelihood of repeat or rescue medication use and adverse events. The magnitude of effects was classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria, and strength of evidence was assessed. Results. One hundred eighty-three RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of therapies for acute pain were included. Opioid therapy was probably less effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for surgical dental pain and kidney stones, and might be similarly effective as NSAIDs for low back pain. Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. For postoperative pain, opioids were associated with increased likelihood of repeat or rescue analgesic use, but effects on pain intensity were inconsistent. Being prescribed an opioid for acute low back pain or postoperative pain was associated with increased likelihood of use of opioids at long-term followup versus not being prescribed, based on observational studies. Heat therapy was probably effective for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation might be effective for acute back pain with radiculopathy, acupressure might be effective for acute musculoskeletal pain, an opioid might be effective for acute neuropathic pain, massage might be effective for some types of postoperative pain, and a cervical collar or exercise might be effective for acute neck pain with radiculopathy. Most studies had methodological limitations. Effect sizes were primarily small to moderate for pain, the most commonly evaluated outcome. Opioids were associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events versus NSAIDs or acetaminophen, including any adverse event, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. Serious adverse events were uncommon for all interventions, but studies were not designed to assess risk of overdose, opioid use disorder, or long-term harms. Evidence on how benefits or harms varied in subgroups was lacking. Conclusions. Opioid therapy was associated with decreased or similar effectiveness as an NSAID for some acute pain conditions, but with increased risk of short-term adverse events. Evidence on nonpharmacological therapies was limited, but heat therapy, spinal manipulation, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, a cervical collar, and exercise were effective for specific acute pain conditions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of therapies for sickle cell pain, acute neuropathic pain, neck pain, and management of postoperative pain following discharge; effects of therapies for acute pain on non-pain outcomes; effects of therapies on long-term outcomes, including long-term opioid use; and how benefits and harms of therapies vary in subgroups.

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