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Journal articles on the topic 'Paired plots'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Rosenbaum, Paul R. "Exploratory Plots for Paired Data." American Statistician 43, no. 2 (1989): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2684513.

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. "Exploratory Plots for Paired Data." American Statistician 43, no. 2 (1989): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1989.10475630.

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Cox, Nicholas J. "Speaking Stata: Paired, Parallel, or Profile Plots for Changes, Correlations, and Other Comparisons." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 9, no. 4 (2009): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0900900408.

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Sibley, Paul K., David Dutkiewicz, David P. Kreutzweiser, and Paul Hazlett. "Soil and Nutrient Cycling Responses in Riparian Forests to the Loss of Ash (Fraxinus spp. L) from Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis, Fairmaire)." Forests 11, no. 5 (2020): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050489.

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Emerald ash borer (EAB) is an alien invasive species that is spreading across Canada and the United States killing ash trees. In riparian forests where ash may be abundant; loss of ash can induce significant structural changes; including the creation of canopy gaps; changes in light penetration; expansion of ground vegetation; and alteration of soil nitrogen and carbon cycling. In 2014 and 2015, we examined the effects of EAB-caused gaps in riparian forests on soil nutrient dynamics. Two sites with different infestation timelines, a “new” site (mortality in past 2–3 years) and an “old” site (i

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Lepš, Jan, Jaroslav Michálek, Petr Kulíšek, and Petr Uhlík. "Use of paired plots and multivariate analysis for the determination of goat grazing preference." Journal of Vegetation Science 6, no. 1 (1995): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236254.

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Dykstra, Cheryl R., Jeffrey L. Hays, F. Bernard Daniel, and Melinda M. Simon. "Nest Site Selection and Productivity of Suburban Red-Shouldered Hawks in Southern Ohio." Condor 102, no. 2 (2000): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.401.

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Abstract We measured nest site selection and productivity of suburban-nesting Red-shouldered Hawks (Buteo lineatus) in southwestern Ohio and rural-nesting Red-shouldered Hawks in south-central Ohio. At both the suburban and the rural locations, nest sites had greater canopy height and overall tree basal area than paired random plots, and were located closer to water than were paired random plots. Nest trees also had greater diameter and height than random plot-center trees. Reproductive rates at suburban and rural sites were similar, averaging 2.6–3.1 nestlings per successful nest. Results ind

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MacPherson, Daniel M., Victor J. Lieffers, and Peter V. Blenis. "Productivity of aspen stands with and without a spruce understory in Alberta's boreal mixedwood forests." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 2 (2001): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77351-2.

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In northeastern Alberta, the current biomass and periodic annual biomass increment (PAI) was measured in 29 stands of maturing aspen (Populus tremuloides)-white spruce (Picea glauca), aged 48 to 105 years. Plots in pure aspen were paired with nearby plots of aspen growing on a similar landform but with a spruce understory. Biomass was estimated by diameter at breast height and allometric equations. Totalled over both species, there was 10.5 % greater PAI and 10.0 % greater biomass in the mixed plots than in the pure aspen plots. Pure aspen plots, however, had 12.9% greater aspen biomass and 25

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Berg, Åke, and Olle Kvarnbäck. "Density and reproductive success of Skylarks Alauda arvensis on organic farms—an experiment with unsown Skylark plots on autumn sown cereals." Ornis Svecica 21, no. 1 (2011): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v21.22613.

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Skylark plots (unsown plots; 10–25 m2 per ha) in autumn cereal fields have had positive effects on Skylark density and reproductive success on conventional farms in Britain. We tested if the same effect could be found in organic farms in Sweden by comparing paired fields with and without unsown plots in similar settings. We found that the plots had no effect. Skylark density was only associated (negatively) with field size and not with occurrence of Skylark plots, vegetation structure, yield or weed harrowing. Number of clutches per territory was affected by yield (negative) and vegetation cov

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Huang, Shongming, Yuqing Yang, and Jack Heidt. "A proposed framework for developing an integrated growth and yield monitoring system for Alberta." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 1 (2004): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80114-1.

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A province-wide growth and yield (GY) monitoring program, composed of three data collection systems, is proposed for Alberta for the main purpose of verifying GY predictions for various stand types. The first system, based on the 20-km grid proposed for the National Forest Inventory, is recommended for collecting monitoring data on GY predictions for untreated, natural-origin stands. A denser, 10-km grid is recommended for the second system for monitoring GY predictions for untreated, post-harvest stands. The third system is designed for monitoring GY predictions for silviculturally treated st

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Workneh, F., D. C. Henne, A. C. Childers, L. Paetzold, and C. M. Rush. "Assessments of the Edge Effect in Intensity of Potato Zebra Chip Disease." Plant Disease 96, no. 7 (2012): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0480.

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Zebra chip is a newly emerging potato disease which imparts dark colorations on fried chips, rendering them unmarketable. The disease is associated with the phloem-limited proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solancearum’, vectored by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. First reported from Mexico in the mid-1990s, the disease was observed for the first time in Texas in 2000 and is now prevalent in several potato-producing regions of the United States. In this study, we were interested in investigating whether there are edge effects in zebra chip intensity that can be assessed as a “

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11

Patterson, Michael G., Robert H. Walker, Daniel L. Colvin, Glenn Wehtje, and John A. McGuire. "Comparison of Soybean (Glycine max) – Weed Interference from Large and Small Plots." Weed Science 36, no. 6 (1988): 836–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075925.

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Soybean field experiments were conducted to compare weed interference data obtained from small 2.7-m2plots to that obtained from large 11-m2plots. Soybean row spacings of 15, 30, 45, and 90 cm were used. Sicklepod, common cocklebur, and soybean biomass as dry matter were harvested from small plots 10 weeks after planting and were compared to weed biomass and soybean seed yield from the large plots. Sicklepod and common cocklebur biomass in small plots increased and soybean biomass decreased as soybean row spacing increased. Soybean biomass was not affected by row spacing when weeds were not pr

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Schultz, Mark E., John R. Parmeter, and Garey W. Slaughter. "Long-Term Effect of Treating True Fir Stumps with Sodium Tetraborate to Control Losses from Heterobasidion annosum." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 1 (1992): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/7.1.29.

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Abstract Stump treatment with sodium tetraborate (borax) to control infection by Heterobasidion annosum and to reduce losses was tested in 10 true fir stands in California. These stands were thinned in 1978, 1979, or 1980, and borax was applied to stumps on 0.5 ha plots. Adjacent 0.5 ha plots were left untreated. Borax reduced stump surface infection but did not affect tree mortality between paired treated and untreated plots. The incidence of H. annosum increased for borax-treated stumps whose protected surfaces were removed 1 year earlier. The number of firs that died over the period of the

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Luoma, Daniel L., and Walter G. Thies. "Effects of live tree fumigation on nontarget vegetation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 12 (1994): 2384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-307.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees, both healthy and infected by Inonotussulphurascens (Pilát) M.J. Larsen, F.F. Lombard, & J.W. Clark (Phellinusweirii sensu lato), were fumigated with chloropicrin or methylisothiocyanate at a site in the Oregon Coast Range. Ten growing seasons later, vegetation cover on plots around treated and untreated individuals was evaluated to determine fumigant effects on nontarget plants. Total plant cover and individual species cover for Berberisnervosa Pursh and Stokesiellaoregana (Sull.) Robins were significantly reduced in the chloropicrin

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Anderson, JE, and WH Romme. "Initial Floristics in Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) Forests Following the 1988 Yellowstone Fires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 1, no. 2 (1991): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9910119.

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The Yellowstone fires of 1988 produced a mosaic of Pinus contorta stands subjected to fire of varying severities. In August, 1989, we inventoried density of vascular plants in paired plots at seven burned stands. One plot was in a severe canopy bum; the paired plot was in an adjacent area that burned at moderate severity. Density of vascular plants was consistently higher in moderate than in severe burn plots. At all sites, floristic composition largely reflected the species present before the fire. Two-thirds of the individuals present in the first postfire season were from vegetative regrowt

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Murray, Dennis L., James D. Roth, Ethan Ellsworth, Aaron J. Wirsing, and Todd D. Steury. "Estimating low-density snowshoe hare populations using fecal pellet counts." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 4 (2002): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-027.

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Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations found at high densities can be estimated using fecal pellet densities on rectangular plots, but this method has yet to be evaluated for low-density populations. We further tested the use of fecal pellet plots for estimating hare populations by correlating pellet densities with estimated hare numbers on 12 intensive study areas in Idaho; pellet counts from extensive transects (n = 615) across northern Idaho enabled rectangular plots (0.155 m2) to be compared with paired small (0.155 m2) and large (1 m2) circular plots (metre-circle plots). Metre-circ

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McBride, Richard S. "Diagnosis of paired age agreement: a simulation of accuracy and precision effects." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 7 (2015): 2149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv047.

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Abstract In a typical age and growth study, multiple estimates of individual fish age are generated: by readers, methods, etc. These samples of paired data are evaluated with three complementary approaches: (i) tabulate or graph the data to illustrate patterns, (ii) calculate indices of precision to evaluate repeatability, and more recently, (iii) use tests of symmetry to evaluate bias. Herein, I simulated age data to evaluate the diagnostic power of these different approaches in terms of four types of accuracy: (i) no bias between known and estimated age, (ii) bias by adding 1 year to the est

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17

Johnsen, Thomas N. "Tebuthiuron Effects on Elemental Nutrients in Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis) Forage." Weed Technology 5, no. 1 (1991): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033509.

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Tebuthiuron has been found in soils and plants a decade after application to rangelands in semi-arid areas. Forage production, length of growing season, and preference by grazing animals are greater on treated than on untreated areas. It is not understood how these differences occur. Blue grama forage was assayed for concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn in treated and untreated plants on adjacent paired plots in the field, 6 to 11 yr after tebuthiuron applications at three locations in Arizona. Only Fe and Mn concentration differed among treatments, being significantly higher

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18

Lobb, D. A., R. G. Kachanoski, and M. H. Miller. "Tillage translocation and tillage erosion on shoulder slope landscape positions measured using 137Cs as a tracer." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 2 (1995): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-029.

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Tillage erosion, the net downslope translocation of soil by tillage, was measured on eight shoulder slope landscape positions within two fields in the upland regions of south–western Ontario. Translocation of soil by tillage was measured by labelling plots of soil with 137Cs and measuring its displacement in response to tillage. Paired plots were utilized to compare soil translocation by upslope and downslope tillage. A single sequence of conventional tillage operations, consisting of mouldboard plough, tandem disc (double pass) and C-tine cultivator, translocated 90 kg soil m−1 slope width wh

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Otrosina, William J., Nolan J. Hess, Stanley J. Zarnoch, Thelma J. Perry, and John P. Jones. "Blue-stain Fungi Associated with Roots of Southern Pine Trees Attacked by the Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis." Plant Disease 81, no. 8 (1997): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.942.

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Forty paired plots were established from eastern Texas to Alabama to study root-infecting, blue-stain fungi in southern pine stands undergoing southern pine beetle (SPB) attack. Woody roots were sampled in plots undergoing recent or current attack by the SPB. Comparisons were made between occurrence of Leptographium spp. and related fungi and data on various characteristics of natural stands and plantations studied. Three fungal species, L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and Ophiostoma ips, along with unidentified Leptographium and Graphium species, were isolated from sampled roots. L. terebrantis

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Cunningham, J. C., W. J. Kaupp, and G. M. Howse. "DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN ONTARIO. I. AERIAL SPRAY TRIALS IN 1988." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 3 (1991): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123601-3.

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AbstractA double application of Disparvirus, a nuclear polyhidrosis virus, at 1.25 × 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per hectare, giving a total of 2.5 × 1012 PIB per hectare, was applied aerially on three plots in an emitted volume of 10.0 L per hectare. The two applications were 3 days apart and most larvae were in the first instar. Three plots were selected as untreated checks; each was paired with a treated plot on the basis of pre-spray gypsy moth egg-mass numbers and locality. The pre-spray egg-mass counts ranged from 1430 to 8520 per hectare in the six plots. Assessment of the tr

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Gdoura, Ahmed, Jacquelyn D. Parente, Sabine Hensler, et al. "Method Comparison of In Vitro Wound Area Measurements." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2018): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0075.

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AbstractWound area is a primary outcome measure in wound healing studies. This method comparison study evaluates differences of wound area measurements of a newly developed image analysis method based on wound edge contour to an existing method based on contrast tolerance. Digital images of 64 wounds were taken immediately after wounding matured in vitro 3D organotypic tissues with a biopsy punch. Wound area measurements were calculated using each image analysis method and then normalized. The method comparison study evaluates the difference of each paired measurements for all 64 wound areas.

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Urban-Mead, Katherine R. "Predictability of bee community composition after floral removals differs by floral trait group." Biology Letters 13, no. 11 (2017): 20170515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0515.

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Plant–bee visitor communities are complex networks. While studies show that deleting nodes alters network topology, predicting these changes in the field remains difficult. Here, a simple trait-based approach is tested for predicting bee community composition following disturbance. I selected six fields with mixed cover of flower species with shallow (open) and deep (tube) nectar access, and removed all flowers or flower heads of species of each trait in different plots paired with controls, then observed bee foraging and composition. I compared the bee community in each manipulated plot with

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Johnson, Melissa A., Samuel Fortna, and Nicholas C. Manoukis. "Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) Management." Insects 11, no. 6 (2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060364.

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Exclusion nets are increasingly being used to protect a variety of agricultural crops from insect pests as a sustainable alternative to chemical controls. We examined the efficacy of exclusion nets in controlling the world’s most damaging insect pest of coffee, Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer), on two small-scale coffee farms on Hawai’i Island. We recorded microclimate data, fruit infestation, population per fruit, sex ratio, mortality by Beauveria bassiana, coffee yield and quality in four paired exclusion and control (un-netted) plots on both farms. Mean and maximum daily temperature

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Macdonald, S. Ellen, and Victor J. Lieffers. "Photosynthesis, water relations, and foliar nitrogen of Piceamariana and Larixlaricina from drained and undrained peatlands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 7 (1990): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-133.

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Rates of net assimilation and related ecophysiological parameters were measured three times during the 1988 growing season on a total of 80 black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and 80 tamarack (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) trees from two peatland locations, each with paired drained and undrained plots. Ditching for drainage was completed in March 1984. There was no evidence of improved water relations in trees on the drained plots. The initial effect of drainage was the improvement of nitrogen relations. This, in turn, was associated with higher rates of net assimilation. In general,

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Bear, Roxana, and Catherine Marina Pickering. "Recovery of subalpine grasslands from bushfire." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 5 (2006): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05100.

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In January–February 2003 bushfires burnt 1.75 million hectares of the Australian Alps, including >70% of the subalpine zone of Kosciuszko National Park. The recovery of subalpine grasslands 1 year after these fires was examined by comparing vegetation between paired unburnt and burnt plots at six subalpine grassland sites. Although the cover of vegetation at these sites had largely recovered, there were still differences between unburnt and burnt plots. For example, there were large areas of bare ground (19% v. <1%) in the burnt plots and less vegetative cover (56% v. 87%). The above-gro

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Nealis, V. G., M. K. Noseworthy, R. Turnquist, and V. R. Waring. "Balancing risks of disturbance from mountain pine beetle and western spruce budworm." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 4 (2009): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-014.

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The effect of removing lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) and retaining Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to reduce the risk of disturbance from mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) in mixed conifer stands in southern British Columbia, Canada, on population processes influencing outbreaks of western spruce budworm ( Choristoneura occidentalis Free.) was evaluated in 10 paired (open vs. closed) field plots. Overall feeding damage to Douglas-fir was significantly, but only slightly, lower in open stands compared with closed stands. Although open p

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Fraser, G. W., and G. S. Stone. "The effect of soil and pasture attributes on rangeland infiltration rates in northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 3 (2016): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15099.

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Surface runoff is an important factor affecting rangeland pasture productivity and off-site sediment transportation. The application of rangeland biophysical models including sub-models of runoff and erosion provides one method to assess how management and climate variability affect the frequency and quantity of surface runoff events. However, there is often limited confidence in extrapolating runoff models developed from site-specific, hillslope field experiments to other locations due to variation in soil types and land condition states. To improve rangeland runoff models, we investigated th

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Magnussen, Steen, Graham Stinson, and Paul Boudewyn. "Updating Canada’s National Forest Inventory with multiple imputations of missing contemporary data." Forestry Chronicle 93, no. 03 (2017): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2017-030.

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Canada’s National Forest Inventory (NFI) is facing an issue of spatial imbalance in photo interpreted data from 400 ha photo-plots available for estimation of state and change. Multiple imputations (MI) of missing data is therefore considered as a means to mitigate a potential bias arising from spatial imbalance, and—to a lesser degree— improve the precision relative to what can be achieved with the subset of plots having current data. In this study we explored MI with data from three study sites located in the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and Saskatchewan. Specifically, we looked at state at

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Quigley, Martin F. "Reducing Weeds in Ornamental Groundcovers under Shade Trees through Mixed Species Installation." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (2003): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0085.

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Six durable but slow-to-establish groundcover species, and three fast-growing but short-lived groundcover species, were planted singly and in paired combinations under mature landscape trees to test for relative weed suppression. Installations were replicated on an urban site and a rural site, monitored for two growing seasons, and weeded periodically by hand. All weeds were dried and weighed, and subplot averages (160 observations) for each plant combination were tested by analysis of variance. Weeds were significantly fewer and smaller in the mixed species than in single species subplots. We

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Webb, R. E., K. W. Thorpe, J. D. Podgwaite, R. C. Reardon, G. B. White, and S. E. Talley. "Efficacy of Gypchek Against the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and Residual Effects in the Year Following Treatment." Journal of Entomological Science 34, no. 4 (1999): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-34.4.404.

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Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations in three Maryland plots and three West Virginia plots were treated aerially with the gypsy moth multienveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek® (U.S. Forest Service, USDA, Washington, DC). The study was a pilot test to demonstrate the efficacy of a single application of Gypchek suspended in the commercially-produced Carrier 038® (Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, IL) at 9.5 liters and 1 × 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies per ha. This treatment resulted in virus levels that were significantly higher in the treated woodlots (58.7%) than i

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Roberson, Elizabeth J., Michael J. Chips, Walter P. Carson, and Thomas P. Rooney. "Deer herbivory reduces web-building spider abundance by simplifying forest vegetation structure." PeerJ 4 (September 29, 2016): e2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2538.

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Indirect ecological effects are a common feature of ecological systems, arising when one species affects interactions among two or more other species. We examined how browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) indirectly affected the abundance and composition of a web-building spider guild through their effects on the structure of the ground and shrub layers of northern hardwood forests. We examined paired plots consisting of deer-free and control plots in the Allegheny Plateau region Pennsylvania and Northern Highlands region of Wisconsin. We recorded the abundance of seven types

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Colgrove, A. L., G. S. Smith, J. A. Wrather, R. D. Heinz, and T. L. Niblack. "Lack of Predictable Race Shift in Heterodera glycines-Infested Field Plots." Plant Disease 86, no. 10 (2002): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1101.

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Soybean cultivars with different sources of resistance to Heterodera glycines were grown at three locations initially infested with races 2, 3, and 6 in order to investigate H. glycines race shift in field populations. Each spring and fall, soil samples were taken from each plot and race tests were conducted to evaluate effects of cultivar and time of sampling. Field experiments were paired field plots rotated annually with corn since 1991. Cultivars included at the northern and central Missouri sites were Williams 82 (susceptible to H. glycines), Linford (PI 88788 source of resistance), MFA 9

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Khan, ASM Mahabubur Rahman, Md Mazharul Anwar, Salma Akter, Md Zulfikar Haider Prodhan, and Mohammad H. Modal. "Identification Of Factors Influencing Yield Gaps In Mustard, Potato And Rice In Some Selected Areas Of Bangladesh And Strategies To Minimize The Gaps." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 2 (2013): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15886.

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On-farm trials funded by Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF) were conducted at Shibganj(Bogra), Mithapukur (Rangpur), and Ulipur(Kurigram) upazilas to determine and minimize yield gaps in mustard, potato, boro, and T.Aman rice of Mustard/Potato-Boro-T.Aman rice cropping pattern during 2011-12. To conduct the trials, one bigha (1200 sq.m) land was divided into two- where trial plots received the recommended technology and farmers plots (control) traditional technology. The trials were carried out with mustard, boro, and T.Aman rice at Shibganj and potato, boro, and T.Aman at both Mithapukur, and

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Lacey, John R., Clayton B. Marlow, and John R. Lane. "Influence of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield." Weed Technology 3, no. 4 (1989): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032929.

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The influence of spotted knapweed on surface runoff and sediment yield was determined under simulated rainfall conditions near Garrison, MT. Comparisons were made in 12 paired plots: one of each pair dominated by bunchgrass and the other dominated by spotted knapweed. Runoff and sediment yield were 56% and 192% higher, respectively, for the spotted knapweed, rather than the bunchgrass vegetation types. Spotted knapweed invasion onto bunchgrass range of western Montana is thus detrimental to the protection of soil and water resources.

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Cunningham, J. C., W. J. Kaupp, R. A. Fleming, K. W. Brown, and T. Burns. "DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN ONTARIO. II. REDUCTION IN DOSAGE AND EMITTED VOLUME (1989 AND 1990)." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 3 (1993): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125489-3.

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AbstractA double application of 1.25 × 1012 (total 2.5 × 1012) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of Disparvirus (nuclear polyhedrosis virus) in an emitted volume of 10.0 L per ha gave acceptable control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae in 1988. More aerial spray trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to test a reduced dosage and volume of Disparvirus. Dosage on all plots, applied when larvae were mainly in their first instar, was a double treatment of 5 × 1011 PIB per ha, 3–5 days apart, giving a total of 1012 PIB per ha. The aqueous tank mix contained 25% (v/v) molasses, 10% (w/v)

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Ventura, Rolando, and Carlos Reyes. "Validación de la línea de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris) DOR 482, en la zona oriental de El Salvador." Agronomía Mesoamericana 8, no. 2 (2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v8i2.24676.

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This study was conducted during 1995 in the eastern region of El Salvador, formed by the departmcnts of Usulutan, San Miguel, Morazan and La Union, all of them traditionally bean cultivation areas, in particular during the second cropping period (august-september). Thirty six plots of 1000 m2 each were established to evaluate at the farm level the line of the common bean DOR 482. The statistical design was that of paired plots where the check was the local variety and the new technology was the DOR 482. Plots were managed based on each farmer's different technology. Agronomical, culinary and y

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Rochfort, Quintin, Kirsten Exall, Jonathan P'ng, et al. "Street Sweeping as a Method of Source Control for Urban Stormwater Pollution." Water Quality Research Journal 44, no. 1 (2009): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.006.

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Abstract The effectiveness of street sweeping as a source control measure for stormwater pollution was tested at a site in Toronto, using three types of sweepers employed by the City. A paired-plot experimental design was employed along an arterial road with a traffic volume of 26,000 vehicles/day. Typically, after several days of dry weather, one roadway plot was swept by the available sweeper (treated) and the following plot was left unswept (control). After sweeping, sediment on the roadway was sampled on both plots; wet samples were collected by washing off one half of each plot, and dry s

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Sipes, A. R., N. I. Lichti, and R. K. Swihart. "Acorn germination is not enhanced near cache sites relative to random locations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 7 (2013): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0330.

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Acorns produced by oak (genus Quercus L.) trees are eaten by numerous wildlife species, many of which may also contribute to oak regeneration by dispersing acorns to favorable microhabitats. According to the directed dispersal hypothesis, seed dispersal agents may preferentially move seeds to locations that favor seedling establishment. As a case study of the directed dispersal hypothesis, we tested the hypothesis that vertebrate scatterhoarders preferentially cache acorns in locations where conditions favor germination. We planted acorns within 0.3 m of known cache sites (cache plots) and at

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Husheer, Sean W., and Alastair W. Robertson. "High-intensity deer culling increases growth of mountain beech seedlings in New Zealand." Wildlife Research 32, no. 4 (2005): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04006.

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Browsing of mountain beech seedlings by introduced deer in the central North Island of New Zealand appears to have inhibited canopy regeneration over large areas. In 1998, a trial of high-, medium- and low-intensity deer-culling treatments was initiated in Kaimanawa and Kaweka Forest Parks to test whether mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides) forest regeneration could be restored by removing deer. Paired exclosure plots (one plot fenced to exclude deer and the other unfenced) were established within a high-intensity culling area, to monitor the benefits of recreational, comm

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Lefcort, Hugh, and Burt P. Kotler. "Life in a Near-Future Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Increases Plant Growth and Alters the Behavior of a Terrestrial Snail but not a Terrestrial Beetle." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 63, no. 2 (2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-06301008.

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Abstract In addition to effects on climate and water acidification, anthropogenic atmospheric releases of carbon dioxide may also directly impact terrestrial organisms that use CO2 as a chemical cue. We wondered how common organisms would respond to near-future levels of CO2 – levels that may occur by 2025. We chose two common but taxonomically and ecologically dissimilar organisms (Theba pisana helicid snails and Adesmia dilatata tenebrionid beetles) to examine the behavioral effects of a slight rise (~10 ppm) of CO2 on animal abundance and plant growth in the Negev Desert of Israel. We found

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Grelen, Harold E., Henry A. Pearson, and Ronald E. Thill. "Establishment and Growth of Slash Pine on Grazed Cutover Range in Central Louisiana." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 4 (1985): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.4.232.

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Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) was established by both planting and seeding on cutover range units prescribe-burned and grazed yearlong. Paired fenced and unfenced plots were used to compare survival and growth on both heavily and lightly grazed range with ungrazed plots. On planted sites, survival was significantly lower on heavily grazed than on ungrazed sites by May of the first growing season. No significant differences in survival were found between lightly grazed and ungrazed sites. In seeded stands, survival was not significantly different between grazed and ungrazed sites. Trees

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Chen, Chuhe, J. Scott Cameron, and Stephen F. Klauer. "Physiological Evaluation and Field Assessment of Floricane Productivity of Cold-damaged Red Raspberry in a “Recovery” Year." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 529g—530. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.529g.

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The two test sites paired perennially cold-damaged portions of field vs. controls were monitored and assessed the same as last season. The winter of 1996–97 did not produce the same level of winter injury as the previous winter, thus this season was an opportunity to evaluate the effects of a “recovery” year. The overall cane lengths and bud number per cane were higher in the previously winter injured plots of both fields compared to the control. It showed the previous injured plants with a reduced crop load in 1996 were able to devote more energy into developing the 1997 crop. However, damage

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Loch, R. J., T. Espigares, A. Costantini, R. Garthe, and K. Bubb. "Vegetative filter strips to control sediment movement in forest plantations: validation of a simple model using field data." Soil Research 37, no. 5 (1999): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98089.

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A field study of sediment movement through vegetative barriers was carried out to assess the sediment-trapping effectiveness of vegetative barrier types typically used in forest forest plantation management in south-east Queensland, Australia, and to develop a simple methodology for predicting sediment movement through these barriers. For sites at the centre of Queensland's 110 000 ha Pinus plantation and 45 000 ha Araucaria plantation program, small field flumes (plots) were established on a range of vegetation types and slope gradients, and sediment-laden flows passed through them. Sediment

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Miao, Yuan, Mengzhou Liu, Juan Xuan, et al. "Effects of warming on soil respiration during the non-growing seasons in a semiarid temperate steppe." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 3 (2020): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa013.

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Abstract Aims The response pattern of terrestrial soil respiration to warming during non-growing seasons is a poorly understood phenomenon, though many believe that these warming effects are potentially significant. This study was conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe to examine the effects of warming during the non-growing seasons on soil respiration and the underlying mechanisms associated therewith. Methods This experiment was conducted in a semiarid temperate grassland and included 10 paired control and experimental plots. Experimental warming was achieved with open top chambers (OTCs)

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Bayne, Erin M., and Keith A. Hobson. "Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Pairing Success of Ovenbirds: Importance of Male Age and Floater Behavior." Auk 118, no. 2 (2001): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.2.380.

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AbstractBetween 1996 and 1998, we compared pairing success of territorial male Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) in forest fragments created by forestry (n = 3) and agriculture (n = 10) to contiguous forest plots (n = 3) in the southern boreal mixedwood forest of central Saskatchewan. The percentage of Ovenbird males paired per site was lower in fragments created by agriculture (86 ± 3%) and forestry (87 ± 3%) than in contiguous forest (97 ± 3%). At the individual level, second-year males (82%) were less likely to be paired than after-second-year males (94%), whereas males closer to edges were

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Lovenshimer, Joseph B., and Michael D. Madritch. "Plant Community Effects and Genetic Diversity of Post-fire Princess Tree (Paulownia tomentosa) Invasions." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 2 (2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.14.

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Many naturalized populations of the invasive tree princess tree exist in North America, yet little research has quantified its effect on native plant communities. A series of recent wildfires in the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area (LGWA) promoted multiple large-scale princess tree invasions in this ecologically important area. To measure community shifts caused by these princess tree invasions across burn areas, we sampled vegetation in paired invaded and noninvaded plots in mature and immature invasions within two burn areas of the LGWA. Plant community composition shifted in response to princ

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Kirkpatrick, J. B., K. L. Bridle, and K. J. M. Dickinson. "Decades-scale vegetation change in burned and unburned alpine coniferous heath." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 6 (2010): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10138.

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Fire appears to be a rare event in alpine vegetation, suggesting that its effects might be more persistent than in most lowland vegetation types. However, it has been suggested that the Australian alpine biota is resilient to infrequent large fires. This paper describes decades-scale vegetation and soil change after fire in paired plots over fire boundaries in Tasmanian alpine coniferous heath. The effect of fire on soils persisted for decades. Recovery of vegetation was extremely slow by global standards, with delayed reinvasion of previously dominant species. There was low cover of the most

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Hamdan, Khaled, and Margaret Schmidt. "The influence of bigleaf maple on chemical properties of throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor in coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 5 (2012): 868–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-042.

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It is predicted that bigleaf maple ( Acer macrophyllum Pursh) will almost double in frequency in British Columbia by 2085 due to climate change. We address whether its frequency increase could influence chemical properties of throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor due to species-specific effects. Eight plots with a single bigleaf maple tree in the centre of conifers were paired with eight Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plots without bigleaf maple. Compared with conifer plots, bigleaf maple throughfall and stemflow had higher pH and K concentration. The under-canopy and ne

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Homann, Peter S., Bruce A. Caldwell, H. N. Chappell, Phillip Sollins, and Chris W. Swanston. "Douglas-fir soil C and N properties a decade after termination of urea fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 12 (2001): 2225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-162.

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Chemical and microbial soil properties were assessed in paired unfertilized and urea fertilized (>89 g N·m2) plots in 13 second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands distributed throughout western Washington and Oregon. A decade following the termination of fertilization, fertilized plots averaged 28% higher total N in the O layer than unfertilized plots, 24% higher total N in surface (05 cm) mineral soil, and up to four times the amount of extractable ammonium and nitrate. Decreased pH (0.2 pH units) caused by fertilization may have been due to nitrification or

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Bueno, C., K. E. Ruckstuhl, N. Arrigo, A. N. Aivaz, and P. Neuhaus. "Impacts of cattle grazing on small-rodent communities: an experimental case study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 1 (2012): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-108.

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We used experimental cattle ungrazed and grazed sites to evaluate what impact different intensities of cattle grazing have on deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) and meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)). Live-trapping of these small rodents was conducted on paired treatment plots (grazed and ungrazed) at Sheep River Provincial Park in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Before grazing started, both rodent species were equally abundant in either grazed or ungrazed sites. Introduction of grazing resulted in strong but differing responses by both rodent species. Deer mice

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