Academic literature on the topic 'Patched drug efflux inhibitors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Patched drug efflux inhibitors"
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Hasanovic, Anida, Méliné Simsir, Frank S. Choveau, Enzo Lalli, and Isabelle Mus-Veteau. "Astemizole Sensitizes Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells to Doxorubicin by Inhibiting Patched Drug Efflux Activity." Biomedicines 8, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8080251.
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Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) presents a high risk of relapse and metastases with outcomes not improving despite extensive research and new targeted therapies. We recently showed that the Hedgehog receptor Patched is expressed in ACC, where it strongly contributes to doxorubicin efflux and treatment resistance. Here, we report the identification of a new inhibitor of Patched drug efflux, the anti-histaminergic drug astemizole. We show that astemizole enhances the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, antiproliferative and anticlonogenic effects of doxorubicin on ACC cells at concentrations of astemizole or doxorubicin that are not effective by themselves. Our results suggest that a low concentration of astemizole sensitizes ACC cells to doxorubicin, which is a component of the standard treatment for ACC composed of etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin and mitotane (EDPM). Patched uses the proton motive force to efflux drugs. This makes its function specific to cancer cells, thereby avoiding toxicity issues that are commonly observed with inhibitors of ABC multidrug transporters. Our data provide strong evidence that the use of astemizole or a derivative in combination with EDPM could be a promising therapeutic option for ACC by increasing the treatment effectiveness at lower doses of EDPM, which would reduce the severe side effects of this regimen.
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Signetti, Laurie, Nelli Elizarov, Méliné Simsir, Agnès Paquet, Dominique Douguet, Fabien Labbal, Delphine Debayle, et al. "Inhibition of Patched Drug Efflux Increases Vemurafenib Effectiveness against Resistant BrafV600E Melanoma." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061500.
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Melanoma patients harboring the BRAFV600E mutation are treated with vemurafenib. Almost all of them ultimately acquire resistance, leading to disease progression. Here, we find that a small molecule from a marine sponge, panicein A hydroquinone (PAH), overcomes resistance of BRAFV600E melanoma cells to vemurafenib, leading to tumor elimination in corresponding human xenograft models in mice. We report the synthesis of PAH and demonstrate that this compound inhibits the drug efflux activity of the Hedgehog receptor, Patched. Our SAR study allowed identifying a key pharmacophore responsible for this activity. We showed that Patched is strongly expressed in metastatic samples from a cohort of melanoma patients and is correlated with decreased overall survival. Patched is a multidrug transporter that uses the proton motive force to efflux drugs. This makes its function specific to cancer cells, thereby avoiding toxicity issues that are commonly observed with inhibitors of ABC multidrug transporters. Our data provide strong evidence that PAH is a highly promising lead for the treatment of vemurafenib resistant BRAFV600E melanoma.
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Mdluli, Khisimuzi E., Pamela R. Witte, Toni Kline, Adam W. Barb, Alice L. Erwin, Bryce E. Mansfield, Amanda L. McClerren, et al. "Molecular Validation of LpxC as an Antibacterial Drug Target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 6 (June 2006): 2178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00140-06.
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ABSTRACT LpxC [UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-GlcNAc deacetylase] is a metalloamidase that catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide. A previous study (H. R. Onishi, B. A. Pelak, L. S. Gerckens, L. L. Silver, F. M. Kahan, M. H. Chen, A. A. Patchett, S. M. Galloway, S. A. Hyland, M. S. Anderson, and C. R. H. Raetz, Science 274:980-982, 1996) identified a series of synthetic LpxC-inhibitory molecules that were bactericidal for Escherichia coli. These molecules did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and were therefore not developed further as antibacterial drugs. The inactivity of the LpxC inhibitors for P. aeruginosa raised the possibility that LpxC activity might not be essential for all gram-negative bacteria. By placing the lpxC gene of P. aeruginosa under tight control of an arabinose-inducible promoter, we demonstrated the essentiality of LpxC activity for P. aeruginosa. It was found that compound L-161,240, the most potent inhibitor from the previous study, was active against a P. aeruginosa construct in which the endogenous lpxC gene was inactivated and in which LpxC activity was supplied by the lpxC gene from E. coli. Conversely, an E. coli construct in which growth was dependent on the P. aeruginosa lpxC gene was resistant to the compound. The differential activities of L-161,240 against the two bacterial species are thus the result primarily of greater potency toward the E. coli enzyme rather than of differences in the intrinsic resistance of the bacteria toward antibacterial compounds due to permeability or efflux. These data validate P. aeruginosa LpxC as a target for novel antibiotic drugs and should help direct the design of inhibitors against clinically important gram-negative bacteria.
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Kovachka, Sandra, Giuliano Malloci, Attilio Vittorio Vargiu, Stéphane Azoulay, Isabelle Mus-Veteau, and Paolo Ruggerone. "Molecular insights into the Patched1 drug efflux inhibitory activity of panicein A hydroquinone: a computational study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 13 (2021): 8013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05719c.
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Lu, Rong, Yun Zhou, Jinqian Ma, Yuchen Wang, and Xiaoqing Miao. "Strategies and Mechanism in Reversing Intestinal Drug Efflux in Oral Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061131.
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Efflux transporters distributed at the apical side of human intestinal epithelial cells actively transport drugs from the enterocytes to the intestinal lumen, which could lead to extremely poor absorption of drugs by oral administration. Typical intestinal efflux transporters involved in oral drug absorption process mainly include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Drug efflux is one of the most important factors resulting in poor absorption of oral drugs. Caco-2 monolayer and everted gut sac are sued to accurately measure drug efflux in vitro. To reverse intestinal drug efflux and improve absorption of oral drugs, a great deal of functional amphiphilic excipients and inhibitors with the function of suppressing efflux transporters activity are generalized in this review. In addition, different strategies of reducing intestinal drugs efflux such as silencing transporters and the application of excipients and inhibitors are introduced. Ultimately, various nano-formulations of improving oral drug absorption by inhibiting intestinal drug efflux are discussed. In conclusion, this review has significant reference for overcoming intestinal drug efflux and improving oral drug absorption.
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Sreekantan, Abhirami P., Pooja P. Rajan, Minsa Mini, and Praveen Kumar. "Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Bacteria and Efflux Pump Inhibitors." Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2022-009.
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Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a paramount health concern nowadays. The increasing drug resistance in microbes is due to improper medications or over usage of drugs. Bacteria develop many mechanisms to extrude the antibiotics entering the cell. The most prominent are the efflux pumps (EPs). EPs play a significant role in intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance, mainly in Gram-negative bacteria. EPs may be unique to one substrate or transport several structurally different compounds (including multi-class antibiotics). These pumps are generally associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR). EPs are energized by a proton motive force and can pump a vast range of detergents, drugs, antibiotics and also β-lactams, which are impermeable to the cytoplasmic membrane. There are five leading efflux transporter families in the prokaryotic kingdom: MF (Major Facilitator), MATE (Multidrug And Toxic Efflux), RND (Resistance-Nodulation-Division), SMR (Small Multidrug Resistance) and ABC (ATP Binding Cassette). Apart from the ABC family, which utilizes ATP hydrolysis to drive the export of substrates, all other systems use the proton motive force as an energy source. Some molecules known as Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPI) can inhibit EPs in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. EPIs can interfere with the efflux of antimicrobial agents, leading to an increase in the concentration of antibiotics inside the bacterium, thus killing it. Therefore, identifying new EPIs appears to be a promising strategy for countering antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). This mini-review focuses on the major efflux transporters of the bacteria and the progress in identifying Efflux Pump Inhibitors.
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Pleban, Karin, Dominik Kaiser, Stefan Kopp, Michael Peer, Peter Chiba, and Gerhard F. Ecker. "Targeting drug-efflux pumps -- a pharmacoinformatic approach." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 3 (August 4, 2005): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3439.
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In line with our studies on propafenone-type inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), we applied several methods to approach virtual screening tools for identification of new P-gp inhibitors on one hand and the molecular basis of ligand-protein interaction on the other hand. For virtual screening, a combination of autocorrelation vectors and selforganising artificial neural networks proved extremely valuable in identifying P-gp inhibitors with structurally new scaffolds. For a closer view on the binding region for propafenone-type ligands we applied a combination of pharmacophore-driven photoaffinity labeling and protein homology modeling. On LmrA, a bacterial homologue of P-gp, we were able to identify distinct regions on transmembrane helices 3, 5 and 6 which show significant changes in the labeling pattern during different steps of the catalytic cycle.
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Zhang, Lan, Xiaoyuan Tian, Lei Sun, Kun Mi, Ru Wang, Fengying Gong, and Lingli Huang. "Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors Reduce Antibiotic Resistance." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 2 (January 25, 2024): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16020170.
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Bacterial resistance is a growing problem worldwide, and the number of deaths due to drug resistance is increasing every year. We must pay great attention to bacterial resistance. Otherwise, we may go back to the pre-antibiotic era and have no drugs on which to rely. Bacterial resistance is the result of several causes, with efflux mechanisms widely recognised as a significant factor in the development of resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial medications. Efflux pump inhibitors, small molecules capable of restoring the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, are considered potential solutions to antibiotic resistance and have been an active area of research in recent years. This article provides a review of the efflux mechanisms of common clinical pathogenic bacteria and their efflux pump inhibitors and describes the effects of efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, bacterial virulence, the formation of bacterial persister cells, the transfer of drug resistance among bacteria, and mismatch repair. Numerous efforts have been made in the past 20 years to find novel efflux pump inhibitors which are known to increase the effectiveness of medicines against multidrug-resistant strains. Therefore, the application of efflux pump inhibitors has excellent potential to address and reduce bacterial resistance.
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Balganesh, Meenakshi, Neela Dinesh, Sreevalli Sharma, Sanjana Kuruppath, Anju V. Nair, and Umender Sharma. "Efflux Pumps of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Play a Significant Role in Antituberculosis Activity of Potential Drug Candidates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 5 (February 6, 2012): 2643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06003-11.
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ABSTRACTActive efflux of drugs mediated by efflux pumps that confer drug resistance is one of the mechanisms developed by bacteria to counter the adverse effects of antibiotics and chemicals. To understand these efflux mechanisms inMycobacterium tuberculosis, we generated knockout (KO) mutants of four efflux pumps of the pathogen belonging to different classes. We measured the MICs and kill values of two different compound classes on the wild type (WT) and the efflux pump (EP) KO mutants in the presence and absence of the efflux inhibitors verapamil andl-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-β-naphthylamide (PAβN). Among the pumps studied, the efflux pumps belonging to the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) class, encoded byRv1218c, and the SMR (small multidrug resistance) class, encoded byRv3065, appear to play important roles in mediating the efflux of different chemical classes and antibiotics. Efflux pumps encoded byRv0849andRv1258calso mediate the efflux of these compounds, but to a lesser extent. Increased killing is observed in WTM. tuberculosiscells by these compounds in the presence of either verapamil or PAβN. The efflux pump KO mutants were more susceptible to these compounds in the presence of efflux inhibitors. We have shown that these four efflux pumps ofM. tuberculosisplay a vital role in mediating efflux of different chemical scaffolds. Inhibitors of one or several of these efflux pumps could have a significant impact in the treatment of tuberculosis. The identification and characterization ofRv0849, a new efflux pump belonging to the MFS (major facilitator superfamily) class, are reported.
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Bernkop-Schn??rch, Andreas, and Vjera Grabovac. "Polymeric Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Oral Drug Delivery." American Journal of Drug Delivery 4, no. 4 (2006): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00137696-200604040-00008.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Patched drug efflux inhibitors"
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Hasanovic, Anida. "Patched, une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour le cancer de la corticosurrénale." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4012.
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Nous avons récemment démontré que le récepteur du morphogène Hedgehog, Patched, qui est exprimé dans de nombreux cancers, est un transporteur de multiples drogues qui contribue à la résistance des cellules cancéreuses à la chimiothérapie. Le criblage d'une banque de molécules nous a permis d'identifier deux molécules qui inhibent l'activité d'efflux de doxorubicine de Patched. Nous avons montré que ces molécules renforcent les effets cytotoxiques, proapoptotiques, antiprolifératifs et anticlonogéniques de la doxorubicine sur les cellules de cancer de la glande surrénale (surrénalome) qui expriment de façon endogène Patched. De plus, nous avons observé que l’ajout de la molécule P375 au traitement à la doxorubicine inhibe le développement des tumeurs chez des souris ayant reçu une xénogreffe de cellules de surrénalome de façon plus significative que la doxorubicine seule. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'utilisation d'un inhibiteur de l'activité d'efflux de drogues de Patched en association avec la doxorubicine est une option thérapeutique prometteuse pour le surrénalome, et très probablement pour d'autres cancers exprimant Patched. Nous avons découvert qu'une petite fraction seulement des cellules de la lignée de surrénalome exprime Patched au niveau de la membrane plasmique (cellules PM-Patched). Les cellules PM-Patched sont plus résistantes à la doxorubicine, et présentent une expression plus élevée de Patched mais aussi de la protéine ABCG2. ABCG2 étant un marqueur de cellules souches cancéreuses (CSC), nous pensons que les cellules PM-Patched pourraient être des CSC.D'autres expériences sont nécessaires pour valider cette hypothèseWe recently demonstrated that the Hedgehog receptor Patched, which is expressed in many recurrent and metastatic cancers, is a multidrug transporter contributing to chemotherapy resistance. The screening of a chemical library allowed us identifying two molecules which inhibit the doxorubicin efflux activity of Patched. We showed that these molecules enhance the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, antiproliferative and anticlonogenic effects of doxorubicin on adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) cells which endogenously express Patched. Moreover, we reported that the addition of the drug-like molecule P375 to doxorubicin treatment prevents the development of xenograft ACC tumours in mice much more significantly than the doxorubicin alone. Our results suggest that the use of an inhibitor of Patched drug efflux activity in combination with doxorubicin is a promising therapeutic option for ACC and most likely for other Patched-expressing cancers. We discovered that only a small fraction of the ACC cell line expressed Patched at the plasma membrane (PMPatched cells). We observed that these cells are more resistant to doxorubicin treatment than ACC cells that express Patched only in intracellular compartments. Moreover, we estimated that PMPatched cells have higher expression of Patched but also of ABCG2/BCRP proteins. Based on the fact ABCG2/BCRP is a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and that Hedgehog signaling is involved in maintenance of CSC, we think that PM-Patched cells could be CSCs. More experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis
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Hasanovic, Anida. "Patched, une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour le cancer de la corticosurrénale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4012.
Full textAbstract:
Nous avons récemment démontré que le récepteur du morphogène Hedgehog, Patched, qui est exprimé dans de nombreux cancers, est un transporteur de multiples drogues qui contribue à la résistance des cellules cancéreuses à la chimiothérapie. Le criblage d'une banque de molécules nous a permis d'identifier deux molécules qui inhibent l'activité d'efflux de doxorubicine de Patched. Nous avons montré que ces molécules renforcent les effets cytotoxiques, proapoptotiques, antiprolifératifs et anticlonogéniques de la doxorubicine sur les cellules de cancer de la glande surrénale (surrénalome) qui expriment de façon endogène Patched. De plus, nous avons observé que l’ajout de la molécule P375 au traitement à la doxorubicine inhibe le développement des tumeurs chez des souris ayant reçu une xénogreffe de cellules de surrénalome de façon plus significative que la doxorubicine seule. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'utilisation d'un inhibiteur de l'activité d'efflux de drogues de Patched en association avec la doxorubicine est une option thérapeutique prometteuse pour le surrénalome, et très probablement pour d'autres cancers exprimant Patched. Nous avons découvert qu'une petite fraction seulement des cellules de la lignée de surrénalome exprime Patched au niveau de la membrane plasmique (cellules PM-Patched). Les cellules PM-Patched sont plus résistantes à la doxorubicine, et présentent une expression plus élevée de Patched mais aussi de la protéine ABCG2. ABCG2 étant un marqueur de cellules souches cancéreuses (CSC), nous pensons que les cellules PM-Patched pourraient être des CSC.D'autres expériences sont nécessaires pour valider cette hypothèseWe recently demonstrated that the Hedgehog receptor Patched, which is expressed in many recurrent and metastatic cancers, is a multidrug transporter contributing to chemotherapy resistance. The screening of a chemical library allowed us identifying two molecules which inhibit the doxorubicin efflux activity of Patched. We showed that these molecules enhance the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, antiproliferative and anticlonogenic effects of doxorubicin on adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) cells which endogenously express Patched. Moreover, we reported that the addition of the drug-like molecule P375 to doxorubicin treatment prevents the development of xenograft ACC tumours in mice much more significantly than the doxorubicin alone. Our results suggest that the use of an inhibitor of Patched drug efflux activity in combination with doxorubicin is a promising therapeutic option for ACC and most likely for other Patched-expressing cancers. We discovered that only a small fraction of the ACC cell line expressed Patched at the plasma membrane (PMPatched cells). We observed that these cells are more resistant to doxorubicin treatment than ACC cells that express Patched only in intracellular compartments. Moreover, we estimated that PMPatched cells have higher expression of Patched but also of ABCG2/BCRP proteins. Based on the fact ABCG2/BCRP is a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and that Hedgehog signaling is involved in maintenance of CSC, we think that PM-Patched cells could be CSCs. More experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis
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D'Cunha, Ronilda Raymond. "Treatment strategies to reverse efflux transporter-mediated resistance to Tyrosine kinase inhibitors." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6563.
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Multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenomenon in which tumors that were initially sensitive, recur and start showing resistance not only to the initial chemotherapeutic agent but also to various anticancer drugs that are structurally and functionally different from the initial drug, constitutes one of the main reasons for the failure of chemotherapy. An important mechanism of MDR is the enhanced cellular efflux of anticancer agents due to an overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (i.e. efflux transporters), especially P-glycoprotein (Pgp), Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1 (MRP1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP), in cancer cells. In order to reverse this resistance, there has been a lot of emphasis on the development of Pgp, MRP1 and BCRP inhibitors. Although this search has been ongoing for three decades, there are still no clinically available efflux transporter modulators.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a novel, rapidly growing class of anticancer agents that have a target-based mechanism of action, and their use transformed cancer chemotherapy due to higher specificity and enhanced safety profiles compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Despite their tremendous success in treating various types of tumors, patients develop resistance to TKIs over time. Most of the FDA- approved TKIs are substrates of Pgp and/or BCRP, and as a result, these efflux transporters are also an important cause of conferred resistance against TKIs in cancer cells. Additionally, none of the 31 approved TKIs have an indication for use in brain tumors and interestingly, this may also due to the presence of Pgp and BCRP at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in the tumor cells, which prevent the TKI from crossing the BBB and reaching its target tumor site. Since Pgp- and BCRP- mediated TKI efflux has been shown to be involved in TKI resistance, the inhibition of these transporters could represent a potential TKI resistance reversal strategy.
Over the last three decades, a large number of Pgp and/or BCRP inhibitors have been identified, but none of them have successfully made it to the clinic. It was observed that most drugs identified as inhibitors were either unable to achieve Pgp and BCRP inhibitory concentrations in-vivo without imparting severe toxicity, or did not possess adequate bioavailability and tissue distribution profiles in order to reach the tumor site. From these identified candidate inhibitors, after much thought and consideration, we chose to investigate TKIs and methylated flavones as modulators of efflux transporter-mediated TKI resistance.
The overall goal of this project was to investigate the promising chemosensitizing potential of TKIs and methylated flavones in efflux transporter-mediated TKI resistance, both in-vitro and in-vivo. To identify potent efflux transporter inhibitor TKIs, we evaluated the effect of various TKIs on the accumulation of afatinib, the model TKI substrate, in Pgp- and BCRP- overexpressing cell lines. Afatinib was chosen as the model TKI substrate for our study because it undergoes very minimal metabolism in several species. Afatinib is a substrate of both Pgp and BCRP, but is not a substrate of uptake transporters. Therefore, it was anticipated that an in-vivo efflux transporter-mediated interaction with afatinib would most likely not be confounded or masked by other factors influencing its disposition. From the in-vitro cell uptake studies, we found that nilotinib is a potent inhibitor of both Pgp and BCRP, and it reversed Pgp- and BCRP- mediated afatinib efflux. Subsequently, an in-vivo study was carried out in mice to investigate the interaction between afatinib and nilotinib; and also the impact of nilotinib on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of afatinib. Afatinib exposure in the plasma and in most tissues, namely liver, lung, kidney, heart, muscle, fat, and skin, was found to be significantly increased when nilotinib was coadministered with afatinib. Further, the nilotinib concentrations in most mice tissues was above that needed for Pgp and BCRP inhibition. These results showed that nilotinib could be a potent chemosensitizing agent for Pgp- and BCRP- mediated TKI resistance. Additionally, a significant increase in afatinib brain exposure was observed in the mice which were administered afatinib in combination with nilotinib. This is an interesting and important finding that could potentially be very useful in the treatment of primary and metastasized brain tumors. We also developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of afatinib to characterize its tissue disposition in mice organs, and this model was then scaled up to humans. The developed model accurately predicted afatinib plasma exposure in healthy volunteers and patients with solid malignant tumors, renal impairment, and hepatic impairment.
To investigate the chemosensitizing potential of methylated flavones in efflux transporter-mediated TKI resistance, the Bcrp1 inhibitory effect of 5,7-DMF and its effect on sorafenib accumulation was evaluated in-vitro. 5,7- DMF was found to be a potent inhibitor of Bcrp1 and consequently, its impact on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sorafenib was evaluated in mice. Results showed that co-administration with 5,7-DMF led to significantly greater sorafenib exposure in plasma and in most tissues collected. This indicated that 5,7-DMF may represent a promising chemosensitizing agent for Bcrp1-mediated TKI resistance due to its low toxicity and potent Bcrp1 inhibition.
Our results may have important clinical implications as TKIs are currently the most widely used anticancer agents. 5,7-DMF may show great potential in reversing MDR in tumors expressing BCRP. On the other hand, TKI-TKI combination therapy, especially with nilotinib as the perpetrator, is an attractive strategy to combat both Pgp- and BCRP-mediated TKI resistance. Additionally, since nilotinib has a wide volume of distribution and can reach various tissues at concentrations sufficient enough to inhibit Pgp and BCRP; it could potentially be used as a chemosensitizer in the treatment of numerous types of cancers. Furthermore, its chemosensitizing potential could particularly be useful in the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors. Further studies are warranted to assess the chemosensitizing effect of nilotinib in tumor xenograft models.
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Kovachka, Sandra. "Inhibition de l'activité de Patched impliquée dans la résistance aux chimiothérapies : approches biocomputationnelle, chimique et cellulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4052.
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Malgré des efforts continus dans le développement de nouveaux médicaments, la résistance aux chimiothérapies reste un défi majeur dans le traitement du cancer. L'un des principaux mécanismes responsables de la résistance aux médicaments est l'efflux des agents thérapeutiques hors des cellules cancéreuses par les transporteurs multidrogues.Le récepteur Hedgehog Patched1 (PTCH1), qui fait partie de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog, est surexprimé dans de nombreux cancers. Outre son rôle physiologique de transporteur de cholestérol, PTCH1 est aussi capable de transporter des agents anticancéreux hors des cellules cancéreuses, contribuant ainsi à la résistance aux médicaments avec les transporteurs ABC (ATP binding cassette). Contrairement à ces derniers, qui sont exprimés de manière endogène dans les cellules normales et jouent un rôle crucial dans la survie cellulaire, l'activité d'efflux de PTCH1 n'a lieu que dans les cellules cancéreuses. Cela fait de PTCH1 une nouvelle cible prometteuse pour le traitement du cancer. Trois inhibiteurs de son activité d'efflux ont été identifiés à ce jour : l'astémizole, la méthiothépine et un composé naturel, la panicéine A hydroquinone (PAH). Ces composés augmentent l'efficacité des chimiothérapies contre les cellules de mélanome in vitro et in vivo, prouvant que l'inhibition de PTCH1 est une stratégie anticancéreuse pertinente. Cependant, ils présentent des limites intrinsèques et doivent être optimisés. Par exemple, la PAH a une très faible stabilité métabolique, ce qui empêche d'envisager son développement en tant que médicament.Dans ce contexte, le projet a pour objectif de développer un inhibiteur de l'efflux de PTCH1, en tant que médicament “first-in-class” pour lutter contre la résistance à la chimiothérapie et améliorer la survie des patients grâce à une optimisation rationnelle de la PAH.Nous avons donc étudié l'interaction entre la PAH et PTCH1 au moyen de méthodologies in silico et effectué une comparaison structure-ligand entre les trois inhibiteurs connus. En utilisant un protocole de docking couplé à des simulations de dynamiques moléculaires, nous avons extrait des informations importantes sur la conformation active d'un inhibiteur de PTCH1 et identifié un site de liaison supposé dans le canal hydrophobe de PTCH1.Nous avons mis au point une nouvelle synthèse totale de l'E-PAH qui répond à certaines limitations importantes de la précédente, telles que sa non-stéréosélectivité et sa grande spécificité de substrat. Après optimisation, nous avons finalement obtenu un nouveau protocole de synthèse stéréosélective et robuste pour les E et Z PAH. Ceci a permis de synthétiser plusieurs analogues de PAH dont l'activité a été évaluée sur des cellules de mélanome, en combinaison avec le vemurafenib, dans le but de réaliser une étude structure-activité pour le motif hydroquinone. Nous avons également évalué certaines propriétés pharmacocinétiques de ce motif, telles que la stabilité plasmatique et le profil de sécurité.La partie hydroquinone de la PAH est importante pour son activité biologique, mais c'est aussi l'un de ses principaux inconvénients en raison de son oxydation facile en quinone. En combinant les connaissances acquises grâce aux études in silico et SAR dans la dernière partie de ce projet, nous avons cherché à synthétiser des nouvelles molécules en appliquant un remplacement "bioisostérique", une approche souvent utilisée avec succès en chimie médicinale. Tout d'abord, le remplacement de la double liaison de la PAH par des groupes chimiques biologiquement équivalents a permis une stratégie de synthèse robuste, convergente et efficace, qui s'inscrit dans les tendances modernes des approches de chimie durable. Ensuite, il a été possible de synthétiser facilement un grand nombre de composés, en remplaçant le motif hydroxyquinone, et de cribler l'activité biologique in cellulo d'un espace chimique diversifié avec des résultats biologiques très prometteursDespite the continuous efforts in the design and development of new drugs with innovative mode of action, resistance to both chemo- and targeted therapy remains a major challenge in cancer treatment. One of the major mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance is the efflux of therapeutics out of cancer cells by multidrug transporters.The Hedgehog receptor Patched1 (PTCH1), part of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, is over-expressed in many cancers. In addition to its physiological role as cholesterol transporter, PTCH1 is also able to transport anticancer agents out of cancer cells, thus contributing to multidrug resistance together with the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Unlike ABC transporters which are endogenously expressed in normal cells and play a crucial role in cell survival, PTCH1 efflux activity takes place only in cancer cells. This makes PTCH1 a new attractive target for cancer treatment. Three inhibitors of PTCH1 efflux activity have been identified to date, namely, astemizole, methiothepin and the natural compound panicein A hydroquinone (PAH). These compounds increased the efficacy of both conventional and targeted chemotherapies against melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, showing the proof of concept of PTCH1 inhibition as a successful anticancer strategy. However, they have some intrinsic limitations and require optimization. For instance, PAH, has a very low metabolic stability which prevents its advance in a drug development pipeline towards the clinics.In that context, this PhD project is aimed at the ultimate goal of developing a PTCH1 drug efflux inhibitor as a first-in-class drug candidate to fight chemotherapy resistance and improve patient survival. In particular, it comprehends the medicinal chemistry efforts made in the direction of rational optimization of the natural compound PAH.To this aim we studied the interaction between PAH and PTCH1 by means of in silico methodologies and we performed structure- and ligand based comparison between the three known inhibitors. By using an ensemble docking protocol coupled to molecular dynamics simulations of the ligands we extracted important information about the active conformation of a PTCH1 inhibitor and we identified a putative binding site within the hydrophobic channel on PTCH1.We developed a new total synthesis for E-PAH which addresses some important limitations of the previous one, such as its non-stereoselectivity and high substrate specificity. We applied several strategies and eventually obtained a stereoselective and robust new synthesis protocol for E and Z PAH. This allowed for the synthesis of several PAH analogs whose activity was evaluated on melanoma cells, in combination with vemurafenib, with the aim to assess a structure-activity relationship for the hydroquinone scaffold. We further evaluated some PK properties of the hydroquinone scaffold such as plasma stability and safety profile.The hydroquinone moiety of PAH is important for its biological activity but it is also one of its major drawbacks due to its easy oxidation to quinone. By combining the knowledge acquired from the in silico and SAR studies on the hydroquinone, in the last part of this PhD project we aimed at the synthesis of innovative scaffolds by applying a “bioisosteric” replacement on the hydroquinone, an approach often successfully used in medicinal chemistry. First, the replacement of the double bond of PAH with biologically equivalent chemical groups allowed for a robust, convergent and efficient synthetic strategy, which is line with the modern trends of sustainable chemistry approaches. Next, it made possible to readily synthesize a large number of compounds, substituting the hydroxyquinone motif, and screen the in cellulo biological activity of a diversified chemical space with quite promising biological results
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Dupree, Tom. "Pharmacophore development and validation for inhibitors of the bacterial NorA efflux pump." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060725.152339/index.html.
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Podnecky, Nicole L., Katherine A. Rhodes, Takehiko Mima, Heather R. Drew, Sunisa Chirakul, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, James M. Schupp, et al. "Mechanisms of Resistance to Folate Pathway Inhibitors in Burkholderia pseudomallei: Deviation from the Norm." AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626453.
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The trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole combination, co-trimoxazole, plays a vital role in the treatment of Burkholderia pseudomallei infections. Previous studies demonstrated that the B. pseudomallei BpeEF-OprC efflux pump confers widespread trimethoprim resistance in clinical and environmental isolates, but this is not accompanied by significant resistance to co-trimoxazole. Using the excluded select-agent strain B. pseudomallei Bp82, we now show that in vitro acquired trimethoprim versus cotrimoxazole resistance is mainly mediated by constitutive BpeEF-OprC expression due to bpeT mutations or by BpeEF-OprC overexpression due to bpeS mutations. Mutations in bpeT affect the carboxy-terminal effector-binding domain of the BpeT LysR-type activator protein. Trimethoprim resistance can also be mediated by dihydrofolate reductase (FolA) target mutations, but this occurs rarely unless BpeEF-OprC is absent. BpeS is a transcriptional regulator that is 62% identical to BpeT. Mutations affecting the BpeS DNA-binding or carboxy-terminal effector-binding domains result in constitutive BpeEF-OprC overexpression, leading to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole efflux and thus to cotrimoxazole resistance. The majority of laboratory-selected co-trimoxazole-resistant mutants often also contain mutations in folM, encoding a pterin reductase. Genetic analyses of these mutants established that both bpeS mutations and folM mutations contribute to co-trimoxazole resistance, although the exact role of folM remains to be determined. Mutations affecting bpeT, bpeS, and folM are common in co-trimoxazole-resistant clinical isolates, indicating that mutations affecting these genes are clinically significant. Cotrimoxazole resistance in B. pseudomallei is a complex phenomenon, which may explain why resistance to this drug is rare in this bacterium. IMPORTANCE Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a tropical disease that is difficult to treat. The bacterium's resistance to antibiotics limits therapeutic options. The paucity of orally available drugs further complicates therapy. The oral drug of choice is co-trimoxazole, a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. These antibiotics target two distinct enzymes, FolA (dihydrofolate reductase) and FolP (dihydropteroate synthase), in the bacterial tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic pathway. Although co-trimoxazole resistance is minimized due to two-target inhibition, bacterial resistance due to folA and folP mutations does occur. Co-trimoxazole resistance in B. pseudomallei is rare and has not yet been studied. Co-trimoxazole resistance in this bacterium employs a novel strategy involving differential regulation of BpeEF-OprC efflux pump expression that determines the drug resistance profile. Contributing are mutations affecting folA, but not folP, and folM, a folate pathway-associated gene whose function is not yet well understood and which has not been previously implicated in folate inhibitor resistance in clinical isolates.
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Pule, Caroline. "Defining the role of efflux pump inhibitors on anti-TB drugs in Rifampicin resistant clinical Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isolates." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86758.
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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Central dogma suggests that mutations in target genes is the primary cause of resistance to first and second-line anti-TB drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, it was previously reported that approximately 5% of Rifampicin mono-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis did not harbor mutations in the rpoB gene. The present study hypothesized that active efflux plays a contributory role in the level of intrinsic resistance to different anti-TB drugs (Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Amikacin and Capreomycin in RIF mono-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis isolates with a rpoB531 (Ser-Leu) mutation. This study aimed to define the role of Efflux pump inhibitors (verapamil, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and reserpine) in enhancing the susceptibility to different anti-TB drugs in the RIF mono-resistant clinical isolates. The isolates were characterized by determining the level of intrinsic resistance to structurally related/unrelated anti-TB drugs; determining the effect of EPIs on the level of intrinsic resistance in the isolates and comparing the synergistic properties of the combination of EPIs and anti-TB drugs. To achieve this, genetic characterization was done by PCR and DNA sequencing. Phenotyping was done by the MGIT 960 system EpiCenter software to determine the MICs of the different anti-TB drugs and the effect of verapamil and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone on determined MICs. Due to inability to test reserpine in a MGIT, a different technique (broth microdilution) was used for the reserpine experiment. Additionally; fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) indices were calculated for each of these drugs. The FIC assess the anti-TB drugs/inhibitor interactions. STATISTICA Software: version 11 was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that the RIF mono-resistant isolates were sensitive at the critical concentrations of all 10 drugs tested, with the exception of Pyrazinamide. This could be explained by the technical challenges of phenotypic Pyrazinamide testing. A significant growth inhibitory effect was observed between the combination of EPI and anti-TB drug exposure in vitro. This suggests that verapamil, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and reserpine play a significant role in restoring the susceptibility (decrease in intrinsic resistance level) of the RIF mono-resistant isolates to all anti-TB drugs under investigation. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed by the combination treatment of the anti-TB drugs with the different EPIs. Based on these findings, we proposed a model suggesting that efflux pumps are activated by the presence of anti-TB drugs. The activated pumps extrude multiple or specific anti-TB drugs out of the cell, this in turn decrease the intracellular drug concentration, thereby causing resistance to various anti-TB drugs. In contrast, the addition of EPIs inhibits efflux pump activity, leading to an increase in the intracellular drug concentration and ultimate cell death. This is the first study to investigate the effect of different efflux pumps inhibitors on the level of intrinsic resistance to a broad spectrum of anti-TB drugs in drug resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates from different genetic backgrounds. The findings are of clinical significance as the combination of treatment with EPI and anti-TB drugs or use of EPIs as adjunctives could improve MDR-TB therapy outcome.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sentrale dogma beweer dat mutasies in teiken gene die primêre oorsaak van die weerstandheid teen anti-TB-middels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is. Vorige studies het getoon dat ongeveer 5% van Rifampisien enkelweerstandige kliniese M. tuberculosis isolate nie ‘n mutasie in die rpoB geen het nie. Die hipotese van die huidige studie was dat aktiewe pompe 'n bydraende rol speel in die vlak van intrinsieke weerstandheid teen 10 verskillende anti-TB-middels (Isoniasied, Ethionamied, Pyrazinamied, Ethambutol, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Siprofloksasien, Streptomisien, Amikasien and Capreomycin) in RIF enkelweerstandige kliniese M . tuberculosis isolate met 'n rpoB531 (Ser-Leu) mutasie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die rol van uitpomp inhibeerders (verapamil, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone en reserpien) te definieer in die verbetering van die werking vir verskillende anti-TB-middels in die RIF enkelweerstandige kliniese isolate. Die doelstellings van die studie was om die vlak van intrinsieke weerstandigheid teen struktureel verwante/onverwante anti-tuberkulose middels asook die effek van die EPIs op die vlak van intrinsieke weerstand in die isolate is bepaal. Verder is sinergistiese eienskappe van die kombinasie van EPIs en anti-TB-middels ondersoek. Hierdie doelstellings is bereik deur genetiese karakterisering deur PKR en DNS volgorde bepaling. Fenotipering is gedoen deur gebruik te maak van MGIT 960 EpiCenter sagteware om die Minimum Inhibisie Konsentrasie (MIC) van die verskillende anti-TB-middels en die effek van verapamil en carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone op die MIC te bepaal. Reserpien kan nie in die MGIT sisteem getoets word nie, and daarom is 'n ander tegniek (mikro-verdunning) is gebruik om die effek van reserpien te toets. Fraksionele inhiberende konsentrasies (FIC) is bereken vir elk van hierdie middels die anti-TB-middels / inhibeerder interaksies te bepaal. STATISTICA v11 sagteware is gebruik vir alle statistiese analises. Resultate van hierdie studie toon dat die RIF enkelweerstandige isolate sensitief is teen kritieke konsentrasies van al die middels, met die uitsondering van Pyrazinamied. Weerstandigheid van Pyrazinamied kan wees as gevolg van welbekende tegniese probleme met die standaard fenotipiese pyrazinamied toets. ‘n Beduidende groei inhiberende effek is waargeneem tussen die kombinasie van EPI en anti-TB middel blootstelling in vitro. Dit dui daarop dat verapamil, CCCP en reserpine 'n belangrike rol speel in die herstel van die sensitiwiteit (afname in intrinsieke weerstand vlak) van die RIF enkelweerstandige isolate aan alle anti-TB-middels wat ondersoek is. Daarbenewens is 'n sinergistiese effek waargeneem deur die kombinasie van die verskillende anti-TB-middels en die verskillende EPIs. Op grond van hierdie bevindinge het ons ‘n model voorgestel wat toon dat uitvloei pompe geaktiveer word deur die teenwoordigheid van anti-TB-middels en die geaktiveerde pompe dan verskeie of spesifieke anti-TB-middels uit die sel pomp. Dus verminder die intrasellulêre konsentrasie van die middel en veroorsaak daardeur weerstandigheid teen verskeie anti-TB-middels. Die byvoeging van EPIs inhibeer uitvloei pompe se werking en lei tot 'n toename in die intrasellulêre konsentrasie van die middels en uiteindelik die dood van die selle. Hierdie is die eerste studie wat die effek van verskillende uitvloei pompe inhibeerders op die vlak van intrinsieke weerstand teen 'n breë spektrum van anti-TB-middels in die middel-weerstandige kliniese isolate ondersoek. Die bevindinge kan van belangrike kliniese belang wees aangesien die kombinasie van behandeling met EPI en anti-TB-middels die uitkoms MDR-TB terapie kan verbeter.
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Patel, Jignesh Mitra Ashim K. "P-glycoprotein mediated efflux and CYP3A4 mediated metabolism of HIV-protease inhibitor, ritonavir, and its interaction with pure herbal constituents." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004."A dissertation in pharmaceutical science and chemistry." Advisor: Ashim K. Mitra. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 27, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-199). Online version of the print edition.
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Jain, Ritesh Mitra Ashim K. "A novel approach to circumvent P-glycoporotein mediated cellular efflux and permeability enhancement of HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A dissertation in pharmaceutical science and pharmacology." Advisor: Ashim K. Mitra. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed July 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-248). Online version of the print edition.
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Tangella, Lokeswari Prathyusha. "An investigation on role of the ATP-binding cassette B5 (ABCB5) transporter as potential mediator of melanoma resistance to BRAF inhibition." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2369.
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Cutaneous melanoma is a highly metastatic and drug-resistant skin cancer type, responsible for a disproportionate number of skin cancer deaths. Targeted therapies, in the form of BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis), have been effective at treating BRAFV600 mutant melanomas. However, majority of the melanoma patients fail to respond to BRAFis due to intrinsic or acquired resistance within one year of treatment commencement. Multiple mechanisms that contribute to BRAFi resistance in melanoma cells have been identified, as discussed in the review in Chapter 1. Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has been linked to multidrug resistance in numerous cancer types. These transporters expel the anti-cancer drugs out of the cell, thereby decreasing the intracellular concentration of the drug. In melanoma, the ATP-binding cassette B5 transporter (a member of ABC superfamily) has been linked to chemoresistance by drug extrusion. Moreover, overexpression of ABCB5 has been observed in BRAFV600 melanoma cells after short-term BRAFi treatment. In this study we investigated the role of the ABCB5 transporter as potential mediators of resistance to BRAFis by drug expulsion.
In Chapter 2, we showed increased ABCB5 expression in melanoma cell lines after short-term treatment with the BRAFis accompanied by an increased expression of melanocytic signature. Gene expression of fluorescent activated cell sorted melanoma cells into ABCB5high and ABCB5low populations, revealed an increased melanocytic signature in the ABCB5high population. Moreover, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data of two BRAFV600 melanoma cell lines, A2058 and 451Lu, revealed a strong association between ABCB5 expression and melanocytic signature. Based on these initial observations, the capacity of the ABCB5 transporter to efflux BRAFis was evaluated indirectly through an in-silico approach using molecular docking simulations (Chapter 3 and 4), and directly through in vitro experiments using an ABCB5 overexpressing melanoma BRAFV600 cell line (Chapter 5).
In Chapter 3, a full-length ABCB5 model was generated, based on mouse ATP-binding cassette B1 transporter (ABCB1; Pgp1), a close homologue of ABCB5. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed in 2 model cell membranes and the dominant conformation was identified. Docking simulations of known ABCB5 substrates such as taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecin and etoposide enabled the identification of at least three putative substrate binding sites in ABCB5. The overlap of these three binding sites with validated binding sites for these chemotherapeutic drugs in Pgp1 corroborate our findings. In Chapter 4, docking simulations revealed at least one overlapping binding site for BRAFis and chemotherapeutic drugs on ABCB5, suggesting that BRAFis could potentially act as a substrate for ABCB5. In Chapter 5, we generated an ABCB5 overexpressing BRAFV600E melanoma cell line. However, no differences in sensitivity to BRAF inhibition was observed as a result of ABCB5 overexpression. Intracellular drug accumulation analyses revealed no reduction in vemurafenib or dabrafenib concentrations, indicating that BRAFis do not act as substrates for ABCB5.
Altogether, our studies suggest that ABCB5 expression is linked to the melanocytic program. However, despite the molecular docking evidence that BRAFis may be substrates of ABCB5, in vitro studies failed to demonstrate direct efflux of BRAFis by ABCB5.
Book chapters on the topic "Patched drug efflux inhibitors"
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Bohnert, Jürgen A., and Winfried V. Kern. "Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors." In Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria, 755–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39658-3_29.
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Seukep, Armel Jackson, Christophe Dongmo Fokoua-Maxime, Hélène Gueaba Mbuntcha, Guilin Chen, Jules Clément Nguedia Assob, Martin Tenniswood, Satyajit Dey Sarker, Victor Kuete, and Guo Ming-Quan. "Bacterial Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors from Plants." In Antimicrobial Resistance, 487–532. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3120-7_16.
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Samreen, Iqbal Ahmad, Faizan Abul Qais, Meenu Maheshwari, and Kendra P. Rumbaugh. "Efflux Pump Inhibitors and Their Role in the Reversal of Drug Resistance." In Antibacterial Drug Discovery to Combat MDR, 251–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9871-1_12.
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Kumar, Neeraj, Sudeshna Bhattacharjee, and Rama Tyagi. "Inhibitors of Efflux Pumps." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 171–85. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1540-8.ch007.
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Multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major public health threat. MDR efflux pump overexpression and enzymatic changes are major antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Many drug and biofilm resistance strategies involve efflux pumps. Natural substrate and inhibitor identification is a new study. Efflux pump inhibition allows medication buildup inside bacterial cells, improving target delivery and antibacterial activity. This review examines the role of efflux pumps and natural compounds as inhibitors in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The authors also describe Enterobacteriaceae's AcrAB-TolC efflux pump structure, mechanisms, and antibiotic synergy with natural compounds.
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Thai, Khac-Minh, Trong-Nhat Do, Thuy-Viet-Phuong Nguyen, Duc-Khanh-Tho Nguyen, and Thanh-Dao Tran. "QSAR Studies on Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors." In Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Drug Design, Predictive Toxicology, and Risk Assessment, 238–68. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8136-1.ch007.
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Antimicrobial drug resistance occurs when bacteria undergo certain modifications to eliminate the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure infections. To date, the burden of resistance has remained one of the major clinical concerns as it renders prolonged and complicated treatments, thereby increasing the medical costs with lengthier hospital stays. Of complex causes for bacterial resistance, there has been increasing evidence that proved the significant role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance. Coadministration of Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPIs) with antibiotics has been considered one of the promising ways not only to improve the efficacy but also to extend the clinical utility of existing antibiotics. This chapter begins with outlining current knowledge about bacterial efflux pumps and drug designs applied in identification of their modulating compounds. Following, the chapter addresses and provides a discussion on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analyses in search of novel and potent efflux pump inhibitors.
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Thai, Khac-Minh, Trong-Nhat Do, Thuy-Viet-Phuong Nguyen, Duc-Khanh-Tho Nguyen, and Thanh-Dao Tran. "QSAR Studies on Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors." In Pharmaceutical Sciences, 898–928. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch035.
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Antimicrobial drug resistance occurs when bacteria undergo certain modifications to eliminate the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure infections. To date, the burden of resistance has remained one of the major clinical concerns as it renders prolonged and complicated treatments, thereby increasing the medical costs with lengthier hospital stays. Of complex causes for bacterial resistance, there has been increasing evidence that proved the significant role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance. Coadministration of Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPIs) with antibiotics has been considered one of the promising ways not only to improve the efficacy but also to extend the clinical utility of existing antibiotics. This chapter begins with outlining current knowledge about bacterial efflux pumps and drug designs applied in identification of their modulating compounds. Following, the chapter addresses and provides a discussion on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analyses in search of novel and potent efflux pump inhibitors.
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Van Bambeke, Francoise, Jean-Marie Pages, and Ving J. Lee. "Inhibitors of Bacterial Efflux Pumps as Adjuvants in Antibacterial Therapy and Diagnostic Tools for Detection of Resistance by E." In Frontiers in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery, 138–75. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/978160805158811001010138.
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"Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms and Inhibitors of Multidrug Efflux Pumps Belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily of Solute Transport Systems." In Frontiers in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery, edited by Manuel F. Varela, Jody L. Andersen, K. C. Ranjana, Sanath Kumar, Leslie M. Sanford, and Alberto J. Hernandez, 109–31. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681082912117050006.
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Sundar, Kothandapani, Ramachandira Prabu, and Gopal Jayalakshmi. "Quorum Sensing Inhibition Based Drugs to Conquer Antimicrobial Resistance." In The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemic - Innovative Approaches and Cutting-Edge Solutions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104125.
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Quorum sensing is the cell to cell communication mechanism in microorganism through signalling molecules. Regulation of virulence factor, sporulation, proteolytic enzymes production, biofilm formation, auto-inducers, cell population density are key physiological process mediated through quorum-sensing (QS) signalling. Elevation of innate immune system and antibiotic tolerance of pathogens is highly increased with perspective of quorum-sensing (QS) activity. Development of novel drugs is highly attractive scenario against cell-cell communication of microbes. Design of synthetic drugs and natural compounds against QS signal molecules is vital combat system to attenuate microbial pathogenicity. Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), quorum quenchers (QQs), efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) act against multi-drug resistance strains (MDR) and other pathogenic microbes through regulation of auto-inducers and signal molecule with perceptive to growth arrest both in-vitro and in-vivo. QQs, QSIs and EPIs compounds has been validated with various animal models for high selection pressure on therapeutics arsenal against microbe’s growth inhibition. Promising QSI are phytochemicals and secondary metabolites includes polyacetylenes, alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones.
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Kumari, Yogita, Khushboo Raj, and Pankaj Kumar Singh. "Promising Nano-Carriers-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches for the Effective Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease." In Enzymatic Targets for Drug Discovery Against Alzheimer's Disease, 181–204. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136142123010011.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an attained disorder of cognitive and behavioral impingement with progressive symptoms over time. It is mostly witnessed in elderly people, and as per the World Health Organization (WHO), it has affected more than 35 million people worldwide, and this figure is presumed to double by the year 2050. The most commonly believed cause of AD is the accumulation of beta-amyloid, which forms extracellular plaques. Presently conventional therapy for treating cognitive impairments in AD relies on a neurotransmitter or enzyme modulation strategy. Conventional approved drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (memantine, tacrine), are widely available for the treatment of mild to moderate AD, but due to their lower bioavailability, poor solubility, and ineffective capability to surpass the blood brain barrier (BBB), they often fail to produce the desired effect. The potency of conventional AD drugs is highly dependent on various physiological aspects such as BBB; blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and drug efflux by P-glycoprotein, which all hampers the capabilities of AD drugs to grasp the central nervous system (CNS). So, in order to conquer the hurdle and these existing limitations faced by CNS drugs to cross the BBB, innovative pathways in drug development have become the need of the hour. Various nanocarriers based approaches profitably meet this demand by improving the efficacy as well as facilitating the sustained release of the entrapped AD drug via targeted drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier offers protection to the central nervous system and also limits the entry of therapeutic molecules to the CNS. On the other hand, nanotechnology offers the possibility to deliver small molecules against CNS disorders across BBB due to their enormous properties, such as small surface area, controllable physicochemical properties, higher drug payload, and better drug circulation time. Plenty of nanocarriers and nanoparticle prodrugs have been reported to have inconsequential cytotoxicity in preclinical studies, and these advancements have proclaimed a new juncture for the development of new classes of nano carriers’ based potent drug formulations for the treatment of AD. A plethora of nanotechnology-based approaches such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, and metal-based carriers have been redefined over time, and they have been successfully focusing on both neuroprotective and neurogenerative techniques for treating AD. Many researchers also reported that nanotechnological-based techniques can improve the early diagnosis of AD and enhance the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of drugs.
Conference papers on the topic "Patched drug efflux inhibitors"
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Khamenehfar, Avid, Ji Liu, Jia Cai, Michael Wong, Paul C. H. Li, Patrick Ling, and Pamela Russell. "Drug Accumulation Into Single Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells Conducted on the Single Cell Bioanalyzer." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36166.
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Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs in prostate cancer, and this happens when the cancer cells resist chemotherapeutic drugs by pumping them out of the cells. MDR inhibitors such as cyclosporin A (CsA) can stop the pumping and enhance the drugs accumulated in the cells. The cellular drug accumulation is monitored using a microfluidic chip mounted on a single cell bioanalyzer. This equipment has been developed to measure accumulation of drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and fluorescently labeled paclitaxel (PTX) in single prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of drug efflux on the same prostate cell was examined in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. Accumulation of these drug molecules was not found in the MDR cells, PC-3 RX-DT2R cells. Enhanced drug accumulation was observed only after treating the MDR cell in the presence of 5 μM of CsA as the MDR inhibitor. We envision this monitoring of the accumulation of fluorescent molecules (drug or fluorescent molecules), if conducted on single patient cancer cells, can provide information for clinical monitoring of patients undergoing chemotherapy in the future.