Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical suffering'

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients who display or report pain that is deemed incongruent and anatomically non-conforming relative to known organic impairment and expected symptomatology have been found to have a poorer outcome to medical treatment and rehabilitation, and to use health care resources excessively. The present investigation sought to contrast CLBP patients who displayed either multiple non-organic physical signs, multiple inappropriate symptoms, and/or anatomically incongruent pain drawings with a control CLBP patient sample in which these criteria were absent. A total of 80 CLBP patients, 40 with 'medically incongruent' pain and 40 'control' pain patients, completed as part of their assessment at a back pain clinic, a psychometric battery, a physical examination, a videotaped sequence of motor movements and positions, and an assessment with an experimental pressure pain induction task. Videotaped pain behavior observations and transcribed reports of cognitions during the pain induction were coded independently of pain group status. Dependent measures and other patient variables were subjected to 2 X 2 (pain group by sex) MANOVAs and appropriate univariate analyses. While there were no interaction effects in these analyses, and only minimal effects for sex, there were a number of significant effects for pain group. No differences emerged between pain groups on demographic, pain history, financial disincentives, or medication consumption, but self report and physical examination measures of physical limitation were higher in the incongruent pain group. The incongruent pain group also received higher scores on measures of pain intensity and depression, received higher global judgment ratings of pain, displayed more ambulatory/postural pain behavior, and reported more dysfunctional cognitions during pain experiences than the control group. When physical impairment/limitation was introduced as a covariate in MANCOVAs on the dependent variables, incongruent pain patients emerged as significantly different from control pain patients on the cognitive variables, but behavioral and self-report differences failed to emerge as significant. A discriminant analysis revealed that sense of control during the experimental task was the most important discriminator between the groups. These results highlight the role of cognition in CLBP patients who present with medically incongruent pain signs and support the idea that physically based interventions may fail with these patients because dysfunctional cognitive mediation of pain may not be altered. These results also suggest that these patients may be better conceptualized as being ineffective and overwhelmed in their attempts to cope with their chronic pain condition.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

Термин «концепт» появился в научной литературе в середине XX века, его употребление принадлежит С. А. Аскольдову, понимавшему под концептом «мысленное образование, которое замещает в процессе мысли неопределенное множество предметов одного и того же рода».

Background: Children who suffer from cancer do not only suffer from a physical illness, they are also affected on a psychological level. There is a great lack of knowledge about how healthcare workers can promote mental health during and after cancer treatment. Studies show that most childhood cancer survivors suffer from extreme fatigue, poorer quality of life, emotional problems such as anxiety and depression but also post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aim: The aim of this literature study was to investigate how mental health can be promoted during and after cancer treatment. Method: A general literature study with 16 quantitative articles. Results: Promoting mental health can be done in several ways: with physical activity, early detection of emotional symptoms and through alternative treatments. A number of health interventions can also be helpful such as psychological support and hospital clowns but mostly physical activity. Conclusion: There is a lot of health interventions that can promote mental health. Physical activity is the most researched subject that has been shown to have a strong connection to mental health. However, more research is needed on alternative treatments, as they have shown to have a positive effect on mental health.

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Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde
Trabalhadores do segmento de alimentação estão expostos a situações que podem alterar sua saúde por condições inadequadas de trabalho, por problemas de ambiente, processos de trabalho e por equipamentos e insumos provavelmente adquiridos nas licitações. Considerando estes aspectos, o presente estudo objetivou identificar os insumos e equipamentos adquiridos nas licitações que ocasionam provável sofrimento no trabalho; descrever os mecanismos utilizados por este sujeito, de forma defensiva e/ou criativa, quanto à existência de possíveis sofrimentos relacionados aos produtos adquiridos nas licitações e analisar a relação entre necessidades laborais dos trabalhadores de Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição e os insumos e equipamentos licitados, que implicam na psicodinâmica do trabalho, visando minimizar seu possível sofrimento. Estudo de abordagem exploratória, descritiva, qualitativa que seguiu a partir de pressupostos metodológicos de um estudo de caso, tendo como sujeitos quarenta trabalhadores de um restaurante universitário, Niterói – RJ. A coleta de dados ocorreu por observação direta não participativa com registros em diário de campo e fotográfico e entrevista semiestruturada individual com perguntas sobre condições de trabalho. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software ALCESTE, que é uma técnica computadorizada e também uma metodologia de análise lexical de conteúdo, baseada nas coocorrências. Os dados obtidos foram triangulados e confrontados com as concepções de sofrimento no trabalho de Christophe Dejours. Como resultados desta pesquisa 28 entrevistados eram do gênero masculino e 12 do feminino, idade variou entre 46 e 55 anos, 13 servidores públicos e 27 contratados, admitidos há mais de 36 meses na unidade, com jornada de trabalho de 8 horas/diárias no período da manhã, desenvolvida majoritariamente nos setores de pré-preparo de vegetais e distribuição de refeições. Na observação verificou-se que os trabalhadores elaboram estratégias defensivas visando minimizar o sofrimento laboral. A análise do ALCESTE dividiu o corpus em sete classes, destas classes emergiram quatro categorias, a saber: Percepção do trabalhador acerca de utilização de uniforme, touca e calçado e a participação do trabalhador em opinar nas aquisições de seus instrumentos de trabalho; Percepção do trabalhador acerca de utilização de Equipamento de Proteção Individual; Necessidades e dificuldades laborais e estratégias defensivas/criativas dos trabalhadores e Dificuldades laborais e Doenças ocupacionais de trabalhadores de Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição. As categorias apresentadas discutem as condições de trabalho, os incômodos/sofrimentos dos trabalhadores, seus problemas de saúde, além da realização de estratégias defensivas/criativas para desvencilhar-se do sofrimento. Conclui-se que ocorre sofrimento laboral dos trabalhadores na unidade pesquisada e que esta situação leva à elaboração, por parte dos trabalhadores, de estratégias defensivas para suportarem as condições adversas de trabalho e que muitas de suas necessidades para o exercício de suas funções poderão ser atendidas pelos processos licitatórios. Este estudo pode contribuir para uma condição favorável de trabalho e de saúde dos trabalhadores e estimular o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas referentes à licitação e ambiente laboral.
Workers of the segment are alimentation exposed to situations that can change your health for poor working conditions, problems of environment, work processes and equipment and supplies probably acquired in bidding. Considering these aspects , the present study aimed to identify the inputs and equipment acquired at auctions, likely to cause pain at work; describe the mechanisms used by this subject, and/or creative defensively, as to the possible existence of the suffering related products acquired at auctions and analyze the relationship between labor needs of workers Food and Nutrition Unit and the inputs and equipment procured, implying the psychodynamics of work in order to minimize their possible suffering. Exploratory qualitative study approach, descriptive, which followed from methodological assumptions of a case study, having forty workers as subjects in a university restaurant, Niterói - RJ. Data collection occurred by direct non-participative observation with records in a field diary and photographic and individual semi-structured interviews with questions about working conditions. For data analysis we used the ALCESTE software, which is a computerized technique and also a methodology of lexical content analysis, based on co-occurrences. Data were triangulated and compared with concepts of suffering in the work of Christophe Dejours. The results of this survey respondents were 28 males and 12 females, age ranged between 46 and 55 years, 13 civil servants and 27 contractors, admitted more than 36 months in the unit, with workday of 8 hours/day during the morning, mostly developed in the pre - prepare vegetables and meal distribution sectors. The observation it was found that workers elaborate defensive strategies to minimize labor pain. The analysis of the corpus ALCESTE divided into seven classes, these classes emerged four categories, namely: Perception worker about using uniform, cap and shoes and worker participation in opine on purchase of their tools; Worker's perception about the use of Personal Protective Equipment; Needs and labor difficulties and defensive/creative workers and Strategies - labor difficulties and occupational diseases of workers from the Food and Nutrition Unit. The categories shown discussing working conditions, disturbances/sufferings of workers, their health problems, in addition to conducting defensive/creative strategies to extricate himself from suffering. Labor occurring suffering of workers in the unit researched and it is concluded that this situation leads to the elaboration, by workers of defensive strategies to withstand the harsh conditions of work and that many of their needs for the exercise of their functions may be met the bidding process. This study may contribute to a favorable working condition and health of workers and stimulate the development of future research regarding bidding and work environment.

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This paper has the objective of showing the relationships between illness / handicap and sin, and between health and cure, trough a research with mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy from a rehabilitation center in this city. This research discusses the imaginary that involves the birth of a son / daughter and the changes that a birth of a child with Cerebral Palsy can cause in the life of those people. These mothers goes to a process of changes in their ethos, search for the meaning of the misfortune that got them using Theodicee and others rationalizations connected with the ways of divine pedagogy that involves the religious imaginary.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar as relações estabelecidas entre doença / deficiência e pecado, e entre saúde e cura, através de uma pesquisa realizada com mães de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral atendidas em um grande centro de reabilitação da cidade de Goiânia. A pesquisa aborda o imaginário que envolve o nascimento de um/a filho/a e as mudanças que o nascimento de uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral pode desencadear nas vidas dessas pessoas Estas mães, que passam por um processo de modificação em seu ethos, buscam o significado do infortúnio que as acometeu utilizando-se de teodicéias e de outras racionalizações relacionadas às formas de pedagogia divina que envolvem o imaginário religioso.

During recent decades, lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has become the most common indication for spine surgery, a change that coincides with a higher worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity. Thus, surgical treatment of LSS in the overweight and obese population is common and increasing in scope. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) is related to the development of LSS, and whether BMI is linked to outcome after surgery for LSS. We further evaluated whether there are specific experiences of LSS from a patient perspective. Data were obtained for all patients registered in the Swedish Spine Register who had undergone surgery for LSS between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, patients with obesity showed both poorer results after surgery and a higher rate of dissatisfaction than patients with normal weight (odds ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.36-2.19). Furthermore, patients with obesity in the cohort reported modest weight loss at follow-up (2.0 kg; 95% CI, 1.5-2.4), and only 8% reported a clinical important weight loss 2 years after surgery. Our analysis of 389,132 construction workers, showed that overweight (incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.54-1.83) and obesity (IRR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.87-2.53) were associated with an increased future risk in developing LSS when compared with patients with normal weight. To gain insight into the patients' perspective of LSS, we performed interviews with 18 patients who were on a waiting list for LSS surgery. The transcripts, analyzed with content analysis, revealed that living with LSS is a physical, mental and social challenge in which resources to cope with the condition are of major importance. In summary, obesity is associated with poorer results after surgery, and patients with obesity report modest weight loss during follow-up. In addition, obesity is associated with an increased risk to develop LSS. Our findings revealed that being a patient with LSS, naturally involves considerable suffering and pain, but it also implies being a person with his or her own resources who is able to cope with these adverse conditions.

by Yeung Hung Cheng.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [89-128, 3rd gp.]).
Abstract
Dedication
Declaration
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents --- p.i
List of Illustrations --- p.v
Chapter 1.1 --- The Global Change --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Occupational Injuries and Disability --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- The Prevalence of Hand Injuries --- p.10
Chapter 1.4 --- The Importance of the Hand --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- Socio-Cultural Considerations --- p.16
Chapter 1.6 --- Focus of the Thesis --- p.19
Chapter Chapter2 --- Physical Disability and Rehabilitation: A Literature Review --- p.23
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.23
Chapter 2.2 --- Disability: From Bio-Medical to Social Definition --- p.25
Chapter 2.3 --- "Disabled Role: A Long Term Version of the 'Sick Role," --- p.36
Chapter 2.4 --- Disability as a Loss and Biographical Disruption --- p.39
Chapter 2.5 --- Disability as Social Deviance --- p.45
Chapter 2.5.1 --- To what extent is the life of persons with disabilities negatively affected by the label? --- p.46
Chapter 2.5.2 --- What are the effects of stigmatisation on the stigmatised? --- p.48
Chapter 2.5.3 --- To what extent does the disability affect the interaction between persons with and without disabilities? --- p.53
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Can disabled persons be seen as a minority? --- p.57
Chapter 2.6 --- Disability in the Family Context --- p.60
Chapter 2.7 --- Coming Back --- p.67
Chapter 2.8 --- Rehabilitation: An Integrative Process --- p.74
Chapter 2.9 --- Disability in a Chinese Cultural Context --- p.82
Chapter 2.10 --- Summary --- p.88
Chapter Chapter3 --- Method of Inquiry --- p.93
Chapter 3.1 --- Outlining the Chapter --- p.93
Chapter 3.2 --- Paradigms of Social Inquiry --- p.95
Chapter 3.3 --- The Interactionist Approach and Its Significance in Studying Illness and Disability --- p.93
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Social interaction and meaning construction --- p.100
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Illness and disability: A 'career' perspective --- p.102
Chapter 3.4 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.104
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Overall objective --- p.104
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Specific objectives --- p.105
Chapter 3.5 --- Sampling --- p.105
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Sampling procedure and field work --- p.107
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Basic characteristics of the subjects --- p.109
Chapter 3.6 --- The Interview --- p.112
Chapter 3.7 --- Methodological Issues --- p.113
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Contact with subjects --- p.114
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Conducting the interview --- p.116
Chapter 3.7.3 --- Tape transcribing --- p.118
Chapter 3.7.4 --- Limitations --- p.119
Chapter 3.8 --- Summary --- p.122
Chapter Chapter4 --- Research Findings --- p.124
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.124
Chapter 4.2 --- Particulars of Respondents --- p.125
Chapter 4.3 --- The Injury: A Disabled Worker's Reconstruction --- p.128
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Perceived causes of injury --- p.128
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Views on workmen's compensation --- p.137
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Action taken against the employer --- p.140
Chapter 4.4 --- Meaning of Disability --- p.144
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Perception of loss and disruption in the life course --- p.145
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of being labelled as disabled --- p.151
Chapter 4.4.3 --- ´بNormalisation´ة --- p.163
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effect of disability on social activities --- p.174
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Transcendence --- p.179
Chapter 4.5 --- Returning to the World of Work --- p.182
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Strugglers --- p.183
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Survivors --- p.188
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Achievers --- p.194
Chapter 4.5.4 --- Job-leavers --- p.199
Chapter 4.5.5 --- Summary --- p.202
Chapter 4.6 --- Disablement and Coming Back: Responses and Support of Family and Others --- p.204
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Role changes in family --- p.205
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Family break-up --- p.207
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Support from expressive primary networks --- p.208
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Support from instrumental primary networks --- p.212
Chapter 4.6.5 --- Marriage as a source of support --- p.214
Chapter 4.6.6 --- Reciprocity in support giving --- p.216
Chapter 4.6.7 --- Conflict due to giving or withdrawing support --- p.216
Chapter 4.6.8 --- Support from the work place --- p.219
Chapter 4.6.9 --- Formal support --- p.222
Chapter Chapter5 --- Discussion --- p.230
Chapter 5.1 --- The Injury: A Disabled Worker's Reconstruction --- p.230
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Perceived causes of injury --- p.231
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Workmen's compensation --- p.239
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Action taken against the employer --- p.242
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Conclusion --- p.244
Chapter 5.2 --- Meaning of Disability --- p.247
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Loss and disruption in the life course --- p.248
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of being labelled as disabled --- p.254
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Normalisation' --- p.264
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Effect of disability on social activities --- p.269
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Transcendence --- p.271
Chapter 5.2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.274
Chapter 5.3 --- Returning to the World of Work --- p.279
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Overt discrimination in looking for jobs --- p.288
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Donkey jobs --- p.290
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Hard-working-no-complaint' syndrome --- p.291
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.292
Chapter 5.4 --- Disablement and Coming Back: Responses and Support of Family and Others --- p.294
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Role changes and family break-up --- p.294
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Social support and network systems: Its role and limitations --- p.299
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Emotional expressiveness and Chineseness --- p.305
Chapter 5.4.4 --- Support from the work place --- p.308
Chapter 5.4.5 --- Formal support seeking --- p.310
Chapter 5.4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.318
Chapter Chapter6 --- Conclusion
Chapter 6.1 --- Stages in the Disabled Career of Hand-Injured-Workers and Factors Modifying the Career Process --- p.323
Chapter 6.2 --- Understanding Rehabilitation in Social Context --- p.334
Chapter 6.3 --- A Social Agenda for Workmen's Compensation and Disablement in Society --- p.337
Chapter 6.4 --- Limitations and Generalisability of the Study --- p.341
Chapter 6.5 --- Research Direction --- p.344
Appendices
References
References in Chinese

碩士
輔仁大學
宗教學系碩士在職專班
103
Total population of disabilities is as high as 10% in the world, causing society problems to be the issue of common concern in international community. In Taiwan, 70% of all disabilities were resulted from acquired factors, such as diseases, accidents, traffic accidents or occupational injury, etc. Those who experience in “ acquired physical disabilities” cannot be disregarded as suffering. This study is expecting to explore suffering problems faced by people with acquired physical disabilities through the comparison between dialogue implications of the Job and the literatures of disabled theology. At first, this study started from the topic of suffering to explain the corresponding relation between Job’s suffering and the situation encountered by people with acquired physical disabilities, including the change of external environment and inward world; in addition to stating implication of suffering, the corresponding in outer form and transition of suffering in inner form are discussed, respectively. Next, this study put forward the Job corresponding to people with acquired physical disabilities in the face of suffering by means of Job’s dialogue with his friends, grievance and expectation disclosed in Job’s monologue, and God’s presence as well as response in the whirlwind. . Additionally, disabled theology expounded its views to reflect traditional theology toward disabilities by quoting the disabled justice to conduct redefinition and understanding about the issue of the suffering faced by people with acquired physical disabilities; furthermore, the viewpoint of disabled theology is used to try discovering what enlightenment can be transmitted to people with acquired physical disabilities from the Job. This study found that individual value of people with acquired physical disabilities should be reexamined, and the myth comprehended by moralization understanding from concept of karma and sin, etc. in traditional theology should also be reflected so as to enlighten people with acquired physical disabilities with mode of “non-conviction”. The mystery of the suffering is in God’s plan and control, which human being is hard to understand. God always listen to the voice of people with acquired physical disabilities to lead and comfort them in chaos.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
106
This is an in-depth reporting which was conducted by interviewing patients, family members, and hospice palliative care team members recruited during 2017 February and 2017 June from a university-affiliated medical center located at Northern Taiwan. Field observation was also conducted by targeting at the interactions between the patients, family members, and hospice palliative care team members. This in-depth report was conducted by collecting and analyzing the physical, psychological and spiritual change after receiving hospice palliative care, and also investigated the emotional stress of the family members while taking care of the patients. Furthermore, by interviewing hospice palliative care team members, how physicians, nurses, clinical psychologists, spiritual care workers, art therapists, and music therapists worked together to help patients relieve physical, psychological, and spiritual sufferings, and achieve good death was examined. By the following narrative stories, the concept of hospice palliative care was highlighted, in expectation to clearly pointing out that hospice palliative care is not the same as getting rid of life and medical care, but taking care of the patients with physical, psychological, and spiritual sufferings, and respecting life in every way.

The system of care for persons suffering from schizophrenia is in a state of upheaval and the community in general is visibly frightened of an illness it knows little about except for the information acquired often from media reporting. Considering persons suffering from schizophrenia as holistic beings, this study explored and assessed the needs of these persons residing in the Mogoto Village, Zebediela District in the Northern Province. The primary purpose of the study was to explore and describe the holistic needs of persons suffering from schizophrenia thus facilitating the planning of care and care facilities for these individuals to enable them to function optimally in the community. To accomplish this purpose, specific objectives were formulated. A quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study based on the Nursing Theory for the Whole Person was carried out. Through purposive sampling 60 respondents were selected. A questionnaire was administered to the respondents. Data from questionnaires revealed that despite the diagnosis of schizophrenia, the respondents were still regarded as valuable members of the community by those who cared for them. There was also an indication that the needs of persons suffering from schizophrenia in the Mogoto Village did not differ from the needs of other persons in the rest of the world. Like any unique person they have specific needs. There was also an indication that mental illness is still rated low in the prioritisation of health problems, hence the lack of resources and support needed for the rehabilitation of persons suffering from schizophrenia, especially in the rural areas.
Advanced Nursing Sciences
M.A.(Nursing Science)

Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 22, xii, 44 leaves, Appendices 1-10
Lower back pain and lower back injuries have been documented as one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in both amateur and professional tennis players. It has also been documented that the serve, which may be considered one of the most important strokes of the game, is also the most likely stroke to cause back pain. A good tennis serve requires considerable trunk rotation. The serve is the highest stress strain action during tennis. In a two set game the minimum number of serves a player may hit is 24 with a maximum excluding deuces and advantages of 96. The “Topspin serve” in particular requires the player to arch their back and this puts the lumbar spine into hyperextension. These movements thus put considerable pressure on the facet joints and multifidi muscles. It stands to reason that any joint related clinical entity can change biomechanics and affect the serve. In research done on golfers with mechanical lower back pain, it was found that club head velocity as well as pain decreased in symptomatic golfers with mechanical lower back pain after manipulation (Jermyn, 2004). No research has yet been done on manipulation of tennis players with lower back pain. The aim of this investigation was to determine the immediate effect of a lumbar manipulation on the clinical and performance measures of amateur tennis players suffering from lower back discomfort associated with playing tennis.

Eating disorders are highly stigmatized and underrepresent people of colour. To explore the perceived prevalence and intention to engage with White, Black and Asian sufferers of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder, the perceptions of ethnically White and Asian participants were investigated. Study I used an online survey created to assess 237 participants´ perceptions and intentions to engage with targets suffering from the three eating disorder subtypes. Results showed that participants associate eating disorders more with White targets and that the perceived prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder is higher in females. Furthermore, the intention to engage with sufferers of eating disorder was informed by the ethnicity of the participant and not the target. An exploratory follow-up Study II used open-ended questions in an online survey to assess 65 participants´ lay perceptions of the causes of eating disorders. Results showed that White participants reference Psychological/Emotional Problems as the most likely cause of EDs. Asian participants report Body Dissatisfaction and Eating, Biological Factors, and Sports and Health as likely causes instead. Results also revealed that female participants significantly associate eating disorders, especially Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, with female targets. The paper concludes with the relevance of these results and suggestions for future research.
Os transtornos alimentares são altamente estigmatizados e subrepresentam pessoas de cor. Para explorar a prevalência percebida e a intenção de interagir com as pessoas que sofrem de anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e compulsão alimentar em alvos brancos, negros e asiáticos, as percepções de participantes etnicamente brancos e asiáticos foram investigadas. O estudo envolveu a aplicação de um questionário on-line criada para avaliar as percepções e intenções dos 237 participantes em engajar-se com alvos que sofrem dos três subtipos de transtornos alimentares. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes associam mais os transtornos alimentares aos alvos brancos e que a prevalência da anorexia nervosa e do transtorno da compulsão alimentar é maior no sexo feminino. Além disso, a intenção de envolver os portadores de transtorno alimentar foi informada pela etnia do participante e não pelo alvo. Um estudo exploratório de acompanhamento II utilizou perguntas abertas em uma pesquisa on-line para avaliar a percepção leiga de 65 participantes sobre as causas dos transtornos alimentares. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes brancos referiam problemas psicológicos / emocionais como a causa mais provável de disfunção erétil. Os participantes asiáticos relatam insatisfação corporal e alimentação, fatores biológicos e esportes e saúde como causas prováveis. Os resultados também revelaram que as mulheres participantes associam significativamente os transtornos alimentares, especialmente Anorexia Nervosa e Bulimia Nervosa, com alvos femininos. O artigo conclui com a relevância desses resultados e sugestões para pesquisas futuras.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
92
Due to the flowering of Renaissance and Queen Elizabeth I’s fondness for theatre, not only the theatre becomes popular but many brilliant playwrights start to create impressive literary works. Among these dramatic works, most praise-worthy are William Shakespeare’s plays, especially his great tragedies, which incisively and vividly express the dignity and the potential of every protagonist and the worth of life in this world. In King Lear, the title character’s experience and activities in this world and this life are depicted in detail. Besides physical sufferings, the play also deals with the protagonist’s spiritual conflict arising from his miscomprehension of events and reality. This conflict transforms Lear from a person with tragic flaws into one with self-conscious knowledge of love, life, and human natural self. The crux of the play turns upon the transformation of Lear’s spiritual awakening, rather than the pessimism or vanity of his downfall. This thesis, therefore, stresses the process of Lear’s spiritual awakening, employing John Locke’s assertions of human understanding to analyze why Lear is ignorant of his children’s nature on the one hand and how Lear achieves awakening through both outward and introspective experiences, on the other. Chapter I reviews Shakespeare’s critics and introduces the thesis statement. Chapter II focuses on Locke’s theory of human knowledge, which is the assemblage of our daily experiences of sensation and reflection. Chapter III explores how Lear’s poor judgments result in his evil sensations and mental conflicts, in the light of Locke’s assertions of human unreasonableness, sensation, and passion. Chapter IV investigates Lear’s mental reflection and spiritual awakening in insanity. According to Locke, only when we are devoid of habitual wrong desires and judgments will our minds begin to function and discern what we receive from sensation. Therefore, in madness, Lear’s mind is as purified as a white sheet of paper, devoid of his past wrong desire and poor wit. Under such circumstances, he is able to reflect on whatever he sees or feels and then take a step forward to achieve spiritual awakening. Chapter V, the conclusion, briefly evaluates Shakespeare’s artistic accomplishments in King Lear.

The human trait of entitlement, although currently very topical, has only recently come under serious scrutiny by behavioural psychologists (Campbell, Bonacci, Shelton, Exline & Bushman 2004:30). This study examines the modifying effects of these psychological elements on the spiritual aspects of disease and healing. Other modifiers are the personal spiritual beliefs or dogmas of the clergy within the paradigm of a particular denomination, and the beliefs and expectations of the adherents. Two Christian denominations were chosen for the study: The Methodist Church of Southern Africa, in particular the home church of the writer, The Bedfordview Methodist Church, and Afmin, an organisation that trains and equips students, mainly African, for Christian ministry. Structured face to face interviews were conducted with pastors and church leaders, interviews with medical professionals were conducted and a wide ranging review of relevant literature undertaken. It was found that while the trait of entitlement was a constant in human nature, there were modifying factors. These included the personal beliefs of pastors and youth leaders, often founded on personal experience instead of denominational dogma. The influence of Pentecostal / Charismatic teaching was very evident. It was also found that the church, in a drive to become increasingly relevant to current norms and social trends, tended to have a rather confused understanding of biblical healing and the role of God in disease and suffering. While the inevitability of death, suffering and disease cannot be denied, the role of the church is complex and controversial. Unrealistic expectations, based on teaching that encourages a sense of entitlement can lead to great challenges regarding faith in both the clergy and adherents.
Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology
D. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.