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Alharthi, Thahabah Mohammed R. "Rethinking radiotherapy dose evaluation: an assessment of the detection and impact of linear accelerator delivery uncertainties for advanced cancer radiotherapy techniques." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26943.
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Radiotherapy technology and techniques have had major advances in recent years, enabling improved tumour targeting and reduced normal tissue dose. However, such complex techniques require greater understanding and accurate evaluation of the uncertainties in the treatment planning and delivery process. How best to perform quality assurance and accurately implement such advanced technologies remains continuously challenging and evolving, as treatment equipment and methods will continue to develop. The aim of this research is to improve understanding of dose delivery uncertainties to support accurate delivery of advanced radiotherapy. The work has investigated the detection of a range of deliberately-introduced treatment delivery errors using different radiation measurement detectors and systems, including linked data analysis methods and criteria, specifically for the widely-used gamma index approach. Performance has been systematically analysed for some current commercial systems commonly-used in clinical practice, including ArcCHECK and EPIDs, and also for some novel detectors, including the IQM, to better understand their characteristics, limitations and optimal use. VMAT treatments for lung SBRT and for complex head-and-neck cancers have been used as the test examples. The findings show that some detectors are not suited to some clinical sites and/or treatment techniques and that tolerances need detailed assessment. Gamma analysis metrics are meaningful, particularly when used with high-resolution detectors. Gamma analysis outcomes for the same errors can vary with detector configuration, data sampling spacing, choice of gamma criteria and specific treatment parameters (field size, modulation, dose gradients). A comprehensive dose verification approach is necessary, using well-validated measurement and analysis methods, for implementing, evaluating and optimizing advanced radiotherapy techniques to ensure accurate and effective treatment for each patient.
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Olofsson, Jörgen. "Developing and evaluating dose calculation models for verification of advanced radiotherapy /." Umeå : Strålningsvetenskaper Radiation Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-841.
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Olofsson, Jörgen. "Developing and evaluating dose calculation models for verification of advanced radiotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-841.
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A prerequisite for modern radiotherapy is the ability to accurately determine the absorbed dose (D) that is given to the patient. The subject of this thesis has been to develop and evaluate efficient dose calculation models for high-energy photon beams delivered by linear accelerators. Even though the considered calculation models are general, the work has been focused on quality assurance (QA) tools used to independently verify the dose for individual treatment plans. The purpose of this verification is to guarantee patient safety and to improve the treatment outcome. Furthermore, a vital part of this work has been to explore the prospect of estimating the dose calculation uncertainties associated with individual treatment setups. A discussion on how such uncertainty estimations can facilitate improved clinical QA procedures by providing appropriate action levels has also been included within the scope of this thesis. In order to enable efficient modelling of the physical phenomena that are involved in dose output calculations it is convenient to divide them into two main categories; the first one dealing with the radiation exiting the accelerator’s treatment head and a second one associated with the subsequent energy deposition processes. A multi-source model describing the distribution of energy fluence emitted from the treatment head per delivered monitor unit (MU) is presented and evaluated through comparisons with measurements in multiple photon beams and collimator settings. The calculations show close agreement with the extensive set of experimental data, generally within +/-1% of corresponding measurements. The energy (dose) deposition in the irradiated object has been modelled through a photon pencil kernel solely based on a beam quality index (TPR20,10). This model was evaluated in a similar manner as the multi-source model at three different treatment depths. A separate study was focused on the specific difficulties associated with dose calculations in points located at a distance from the central beam axis. Despite the minimal input data required to characterize individual photon beams, the accuracy proved to be very good when comparing the calculated results with experimental data. The evaluated calculation models were finally used to analyse how well the lateral dose distributions from typical megavoltage photon beams are optimized with respect to the resulting beam flatness characteristics. The results did not reveal any obvious reasons why different manufacturers should provide different lateral dose distributions. Furthermore, the performed lateral optimizations indicate that there is room for improved flatness performance for the investigated linear accelerators.
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Reis, Cristiano Queiroz Melo dos. "Study and evaluation of correction factors applied to ionization chambers in radiotherapy photon beams." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-08092015-164732/.
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The use of a beam quality correction factor,kQ, is needed in dosimetry of radiotherapy beams for correcting differences between chamber responses at the calibration beam quality, Q0 and at the quality beam of the user, Q. The purpose of this study is to determine the beam quality correction factor for the NE2571 ionization chamber widely used in radiotherapy and its dependence with the stopping-power and the chamber perturbation factors. In addition, an investigation of the use of parallel plate chambers for determining surface doses in photon beams is also performed using the EGSrnc Monte Carlo code system. Results obtained with PENELOPE show that simulations with phase-space files appropriately scored can be up to ten times shorter than using a full spectrum in the input-file. Values of kQ, and its components show good agreement with published values in the literature and are provided with typical statistical uncertainties of 0.2%. Values of kQ and absorbed dose to water conversion factors obtained with egs_chamber user code for parallel plate chambers are also provided with maximum statistical uncertainty of 0.7%. Therefore, the results obtained are expected to contribute with improving dosimetry protocols and the quality of life of radiotherapy patients.O uso de uma fator de correção para a qualidade do feixe, kQ, é necessário em dosimetria de feixes radioterápicos para a correçãoo das diferenças entre a resposta de câmaras de ionização nas qualidades do feixe de calibração, Q0 e do usuário Q. O propósito deste trabalho consiste em determinar o fator de correção da qualidade de feixe para a câmara de ionização NE2571 amplamente utilizada em radioterapia e sua dependência com o stopping-power e os fatores de perturbação da câmara. Além disso, uma investigação do uso de câmaras de placas paralelas para determinar doses na superfície em feixes de fótons é também realizada usando o sistem de códigos em Monte Carlo EGSnrc. Resultados obtidos com o PENELOPE mostram que simulações usando phase-space, podem ser cerca de dez vezes menos longa do que simula ções usando um espectro completo no arquivo de entrada. Valores de kQ e suas componentes mostraram boa concordncia com dados publicados na literatura e são fornecidos com incertezas estatísticas típicas de 0.2%. Valores de kQ e fatores de conversão pra dose absorvida na água obtidos para as câmaras de placas paralelas com o código de usuário egs_chamber são também fornecidos com incerteza estatística máxima de 0.7%. Deste modo, espera-se que os resultados obtidos possam contribuir com o aperfeiçoamento de protocolos de dosimetria e com a qualidade de vida de pacientes radioterpicos.
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Matsugi, Kiyotomo. "Evaluation of 4D dose to a moving target with Monte Carlo dose calculation in stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174802.
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Eenboom, Frauke [Verfasser], Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Poppe, and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Georg. "Development and evaluation of a dose monitoring system for modern radiotherapy / Frauke Eenboom. Betreuer: Björn Poppe ; Dietmar Georg." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079000321/34.
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Eenboom, Frauke Verfasser], Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] [Poppe, and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Georg. "Development and evaluation of a dose monitoring system for modern radiotherapy / Frauke Eenboom. Betreuer: Björn Poppe ; Dietmar Georg." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:715-oops-26362.
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SOUZA, ANDERSON S. de. "Estudo comparativo dos parâmetros associados à dose absorvida e controle de qualidade em aceleradores lineares com filtro aplainador (FF) e sem filtro aplainador (FFF)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28023.
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A utilização da técnica de teleterapia para tratamento de câncer tem sido usada por anos com bons resultados clínicos. Em meados da década de 90, a remoção do filtro aplainador, item que compõe o cabeçote de um acelerador linear de uso clínico, tem sido objeto de estudos por demonstrar bons resultados no tratamento de alguns tipos de câncer. Técnicas utilizadas como Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada (IMRT) e Radioterapia Estereotáxica (SRT), mostram-se mais eficazes quando não se utiliza o filtro aplainador. A empresa Varian Oncology lançou em 2012 um acelerador linear de uso clínico capaz de operar com o filtro aplainador (FF) e sem o filtro aplainador (FFF), o TrueBeam. Os objetivos desse trabalho são avaliar a homogeneidade de dois importantes parâmetros utilizados para o cálculo de dose nos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com esse modelo de acelerador linear, a porcentagem de dose profunda (PDP) e índice de qualidade do feixe (TPR20/10). Os dados fornecidos para a análise foram cedidos pelo Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Real Hospital Português (RHP) e 3 instituições norte-americanas. Através de uma análise estatística dos dados das instituições citadas pode-se observar melhor o comportamento desses parâmetro que demonstraram-se muito homogêneos e com erros menores que 1% na maioria dos casos, confirmando desse modo que os aceleradores lineares do modelo TrueBeam mantém na maioria das vezes uma boa concordância dos parâmetros analisados.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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TADA, ARIANE. "Analise dosimetrica de fontes de radiacao para uso em lesoes dermatologicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9551.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
10
McKenna, Frederick W. "Studies of cell survival curve fitting, effective doses for radiobiological evaluation in SBRT treatment techniques and the dependence of optical density growth in Gafchromic EBT film used in IMRT." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.
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BRANCO, ISABELA S. L. "Estudo dos efeitos na dose devido à heterogeneidade em braquiterapia com fontes de I125." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28045.
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Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-23T09:59:05Z
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A braquiterapia de baixas taxas de dose realizada com sementes de 125I tem sido amplamente usada por décadas em variados sítios anatômicos, com bons resultados clínicos. O advento de algoritmos para cálculo de dose baseados em modelos (MBDCAs) permitiu aprimorar oestudo de deposição da dose considerando heterogeneidades como diferentes tecidos, órgãos,aplicadores com composições diferentes da água, proporcionando a análise em geometriascomplexas. As simulações matemáticas realizadas através destes algoritmos possibilitam odesenvolvimento de modelos fisicamente mais acurados que estendem sua aplicabilidade àverificação de sistemas de planejamento em braquiterapia. Neste trabalho foram estudadasconfigurações de objetos simuladores confeccionados para medidas experimentais e simuladosatravés do código MCNP de Monte Carlo a fim de observar as diferenças ocasionadas pelaintrodução de heterogeneidades quando presentes fontes de 125I de baixa taxa de dose. Para estepropósito, distintas as vertentes do tema foram abordadas, entre elas o estudo da influênciaexercida pelos parâmetros de densidade e composição dos materiais tecido equivalentes. Osresultados obtidos demonstraram que, o efeito que a composição de cada um dos materiaisexerce sobre a deposição de dose é mais expressivo que o efeito de sua densidade. Em outroestudo, foi estabelecida uma relação para estimar, de maneira simples, a dose de atenuação detecidos heterogêneos a partir da aferição ou simulação da dose obtida num objeto simuladorconstituído por PMMA, metodologia que pode ser desenvolvida e implementada na rotina clínica.Para complementação das análises dos estudos dosimétricos com a presença deheterogeneidades, foi realizada a validação da geometria simulada da semente de 125I, onde sereproduziu a metodologia de cálculo dosimétrico presente no TG-43 da AAPM. Além disto, foirealizado o estudo teórico da dependência energética dos dosímetros termoluminescentes paraanalisar a variação de sua resposta conforme a energia. A metodologia desenvolvida para oestudo dos efeitos da heterogeneidade na deposição de dose é recomendada na avaliação desistemas de planejamento computadorizados que possuem algoritmos de cálculo de dosebaseados em modelos, quando utilizadas fontes de 125I com baixa taxa de dose, de forma acontribuir na incorporação de novas estimativas de doses com maior acurácia.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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ALENCAR, ANELISE R. P. "Tratamento da mucosite oral radio e quimioinduzida: comparacao entre protocolo medicamentoso convencional e tratamentos com lasers em baixa intensidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9632.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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El, Barouky Jad. "Evaluation des algorithmes de calcul de dose pour les faisceaux d’électrons utilisés en radiothérapie : comparaison aux mesures par films radiochromiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T002/document.
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La précision du calcul de dose est cruciale pour la qualité de la planification et de la réalisation des traitements en radiothérapie. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer la qualité des algorithmes de calcul de dose des faisceaux d’électrons pour des conditions particulières proches des situations cliniques rencontrées. Une méthodologie spécifique de dosimétrie par films radiochromiques des faisceaux d’électrons a été développée et validée, y compris pour des situations difficiles avec une précision de 3.1% en dose absolue et 2.6% en dose relative. Cette technique a permis de développer des tests de Contrôle Qualité généralistes rapides et efficaces qui servent de base de données mesurées en cas de changement de version du système de planification de traitement et/ou d’algorithme de calcul de dose. Les mesures par films ont été comparées avec les calculs de deux algorithmes de calcul de dose Pencil Beam et Monte Carlo. Les deuxcodes ont donné des résultats similaires dans les tests d’obliquité, d’irrégularité et de DSP étendue. En revanche, les calculs Monte Carlo sont plus précis en présence d’hétérogénéités. D’autre part, cette méthode de dosimétrie par films radiochromiques a permis de développer un nouveau mode d’évaluation des plans de traitement avec des films découpés et insérés dans des fantômes anthropomorphiques (de type thorax et tête) de manière à obtenir la distribution de dose en 2D dans un plan transversal donné ; ces tests cliniques pouvant aussi être utilisés dans le cadre d’un Contrôle de Qualité interne adapté à l’activité clinique du service. La comparaison des mesures avec les calculs a montré une meilleure précision dans les calculs Monte Carlo par rapport aux calculs Pencil Beam au niveau des hétérogénéités, notamment dans les poumons, les cavités et les osIn radiotherapy, the dose calculation accuracy is crucial for the quality and the outcome of the treatments. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of dose calculation algorithms for electron beams in situations close to clinical conditions. A new practical approach of radiochromic film dosimetry was developed and validated especially for difficult situations. An accuracy of 3.1% and 2.6% was achieved for absolute and relative dosimetry respectively. Using this technique a measured database of dose distributions was developed to form the basis of several fast and efficient QualityAssurance tests. Such tests are intended to be used also when the dose calculation algorithm is changed or the Treatment Planning System replaced. Pencil Beam and Monte Carlo dose calculations were compared to the measured data for simple geometrical phantom setups. They both gave similar results for obliquity, surface irregularity and extended SSD tests but the Monte Carlo calculation was more accurate in presence of heterogeneities. The same radiochromic film dosimetry method was applied to film cuts inserted into anthropomorphic phantoms providing a 2D dose distribution for any transverse plan. This allowed us to develop clinical test that can be also used for internal Quality Assurance purposes. As for simpler geometries, the Monte Carlo calculations showed better agreement with the measured data than the Pencil Beam calculation, especially in presence of heterogeneities such as lungs, cavities and bones
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LIMA, LETÍCIA G. C. de S. "Risco de exposição à radiação ionizante em crianças e adolescentes participantes de um programa de controle da asma em comparação à população geral." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28424.
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Asma é uma doença de elevada prevalência e morbidade, constituindo-se um importante problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Muitos diagnósticos médicos por imagem dependem da utilização de raio X; entretanto, no caso da asma, o diagnóstico é clínico, particularmente na criança. Os pacientes são frequentemente submetidos a procedimentos radiológicos, preferencialmente o raio X de tórax. A escassez de dados na literatura referentes aos riscos da exposição à radiação ionizante em pacientes com asma e os possíveis benefícios relacionados à oportunidade de coleta de informações justificaram a investigação no programa municipal infantil de controle da asma de Ipatinga, Minas Gerais (Programa Respirar). Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo referente ao ano de 2014, com caso controle, do qual participaram 363 pacientes do Programa Respirar e número semelhante de controle, sem diferença sociodemográfica significativa entre os grupos. Encontramos que uma criança do grupo respirar tem 1,59 vez mais chance de realizar um raio X, e para o raio X de tórax essa chance aumenta para 6,56 vezes. A maioria dos raios X de tórax foi solicitada nas visitas aos serviços de urgência, mas 90% dos raios X realizados e laudados no grupo respirar e 84,2% do grupo controle revelaram resultado normal ou com alterações típicas, possibilitando o questionamento a respeito da indicação do exame.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Galetti, Roberta 1985. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of dental tissue of patients who undergone radiotherapy = Análise das propriedades mecânicas dos tecidos dentários de pacientes submetidos à radioterapia." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289513.
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Orientadores: Alan Roger dos Santos Silva, Mario Fernando de GoesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o comportamento mecânico de tecidos dentários de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia. No capítulo I, o ensaio mecânico da nanoindentação foi utilizado para determinar a dureza e módulo de elasticidade do esmalte, dentina e da região de união restauradora em dentina (adesivo, camada híbrida e dentina subjacente). Foram utilizados seis dentes incisivos inferiores irradiados in vivo e não irradiados (grupos controle). A dureza e o módulo de elasticidade e foram obtidos após a realização da nanoindentação com pico de força de 1000 µN em dentina intertubular e região de união restauradora e 1500 µN em esmalte (centro do prisma) usando o microscópio de força atômica equipado com nanoidentador com tempo 5-2-5 seg para carregamento, aplicação e descarregamento da carga. A análise de variância a um fator foi aplicada com nível de significância de 0.05%. O valor da nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os tecidos avaliados em ambos os grupos irradiados e controle. Desta foma, pode-se concluir que tanto a dureza como o módulo de elasticidade de dentes submetidos à radioterapia in vivo não apresentam alterações das propriedades mecânicas no esmalte, dentina e região de união adesivo/dentina devido á ação direta da radioterapia. No capítulo II, foram avaliadas as propriedades viscoelásticas (storage e loss modulus) de três regiões diferentes: esmalte, junção amelo-dentinária (JAD) e dentina de dentes irradiados in vivo. Cinco dentes não irradiados (grupo de controle, n = 5) e cinco dentes irradiados in vivo (grupo irradiado, n = 5) foram utilizados para produzir cinco fatias de cada para avaliar a três áreas distintas: o esmalte, o JAD , e a dentina. A análise por mapeamento (Modulus Mapping Analysis) foi escolhida para avaliar a perda e armazenamento de energia mediante uma carga aplicada. Três regiões de dados foram coletados de cada área de tecido de cada fatia, totalizando quinze mapeamentos por tecido por grupo. Os valores do módulo foram calculados pelo software Hysitron® e a análise da variância (ANOVA Plot Split) e teste de Tukey a 5% de significância foram utilizados para comparar os grupos e tecidos. As três áreas avaliadas de ambos os grupos controle e irradiado revelaram diferença estatística no módulo de perda e armazenamento. Ambos os valores de perda e de armazenamento apresentaram-se maiores no grupo irradiado para esmalte (164,44 ± 36,60 GPa; 177,59 ± 58,84 GPa), JAD (50,85 ± 35,78 GPa; 83,33 ± 38,59 GPa) e dentina (21,18 ± 18,61 GPa; 52,44 ± 26,56 GPa) do que no grupo controle para o esmalte (127,15 ± 74,45 GPa; 162,85 ± 74,63 GPa), JAD (25,72 ± 9,64 GPa; 21,93 ± 52,78 GPa) e dentina (10,39 ± 8,65 GPa; 32,10 ± 20,39 GPa), respectivamente. Foi possível concluir neste estudo, que as propriedades viscoelásticas dos dentes irradiados in vivo apresentam-se diferentes das do grupo controle. Estes resultados sugerem que, após a radioterapia, os tecidos dentais estariam mais suscetíveis a fraturas
Abstract: This study evaluated the mechanic properties of enamel, dentin, and dentin bond interface of patients who undergone head and neck cancer treatment. On I chapter, the nanoindentation technique was used to determine the hardness (H) and reduced modulus of elasticity (Er) of the control group on enamel, dentin, and dentin bond interface (adhesive layer, hybrid layer and underlyer dentin). The Er and H were obtained after completion of nanoindentation with peak force of 1000 µN on intertubular dentin and restorative dentin interfaces and 1500 µN on enamel (prism center) using the atomic force microscope with nanoindenter accopled with test time 5-2-5 seconds for loading, holding and unloading. The one-way analysis of variance (p'< ou ='0.05) was applied and the valus for H and Er for both groups and tissues were no statistical different. As conclusion, the nanohardeness and elastic modulus behavior of the enamel, dentin and dentin bond interface was not impacted by the radiotherapy treatment of head and neck cancer. On II chapter, the viscoelastic properties were assessed (storage and loss modulus) of three different regions: enamel, dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and dentin irradiated teeth in vivo. Five non irradiated teeth (control group, n=5) and five in vivo irradiated teeth (irradiated group, n=5) were used to produce five beams that were used to evaluate three different areas: the enamel, the DEJ, and the dentin. Perpendicular sections to the long axis of the teeth were made at middle region of the crown to produce the beams. The Modulus Mapping Analysis was chosen to evaluate the loss and storage moduli of each area. Three data regions were collected of each tissue area of each beam, summing a total of fifteen data per tissue per group. The modulus values were calculated by the Hysitron® software and an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA Split Plot) and Tukey test at 5% of significance was used to compare groups and tissues. All the three areas evaluated of control and irradiated group revealed statistical difference on the Loss and Storage Moduli. Both the loss and storage values are higer on the irradiated group for enamel (164.44±36.60 GPa; 177.59±58.84 GPa), DEJ (50.85±35.78 GPa; 83,33±38,59 GPa) and dentin (21.18±18.61 GPa; 52.44±26.56 GPa) than control group values for enamel (127.15±74.45 GPa; 162.85±74.63 GPa), DEJ (25.72±9.64 GPa; 21.93±52.78 GPa) and dentin (10.39±8.65 GPa;32,10±20,39 GPa), respectivally. The viscoelastic properties of in vivo irradiated teeth are different from control group. The enamel, DEJ and dentin presented the higer values on the in vivo irradiated group. These finds suggest that after radiotherapy, the dental tissues are more susceptible to fractures
Doutorado
Materiais Dentarios
Doutora em Materiais Dentários
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ANDRADE, MAIRA F. de. "Comparação dos efeitos da terapia laser de baixa intensidade (lambda=660 nm ou lambda=780 nm) no tratamento de mucosite oral induzida por radiação ionizante em ratos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11800.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T11:35:55Z
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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MORENO, CAROLINA dos S. "Avaliação dos efeitos da radiação ionizante e do Resveratrol na cultura de células tumorais de pulmão." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26829.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T17:21:57Z
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O carcinoma mucoepidermóide de pulmão, um tipo histológico que deriva das glândulas mucosas traqueobrônquicas, manifesta-se com sintomas obstrutivos e tende a comprometer a traqueia. Com finalidade curativa ou paliativa da doença, atualmente há uma forte tendência na oncologia em desenvolver estratégias terapêuticas que visam à administração de compostos com elevado potencial de otimizar o efeito do tratamento com a radiação ionizante, de modo a aumentar a morte de células tumorais e preservar íntegras as células dos tecidos sadios adjacentes. A intensa busca por tais estratégias evidenciou resultados promissores apresentados pelo composto denominado Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihidroxiestilbeno), tornando-o amplamente divulgado e alvo de intensas pesquisas. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito do resveratrol em cultura celular de carcinoma mucoepidermóide de pulmão exposta a diferentes doses de radiação ionizante. Para tal, os estudos de citotoxicidade utilizando o método de incorporação do vermelho neutro, e da determinação da dose letal 50 % (DL50) da radiação ionizante, foram realizados em cultura de células da linhagem NCI-H292 [H292] (ATCC® CRL-1848TM), CCIAL069. Com base nos resultados do IC50% (401,5 μM) e da DL50 (693 Gy) foram realizados o teste in vitro do micronúcleo e os ensaios para avaliar o efeito do resveratrol no ciclo celular, reparo da lesão no DNA e processo de lesão radioinduzida, necrose e apoptose celular. Os resultados evidenciaram que o resveratrol na concentração de 30 μM apresenta uma importante capacidade em promover danos às células NCI-H292 após 24 h da irradiação.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
18
Sabino-Bezerra, José Ribamar 1986. "Evaluation of an educational video to improve the understanding of radiotherapy side effects in head and neck cancer patients = Avaliação de vídeo educacional para melhoria da compreensão dos efeitos colaterais associados à radioterapia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287865.
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Orientador: Márcio Ajudarte LopesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço representa o sexto tipo mais comum em todo mundo e é uma preocupação crescente das agências de saúde pública. O tratamento é baseado em cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia, isoladas ou em conjunto e, são responsáveis por importantes sequelas que afetam negativamente as atividades diárias dos pacientes, contribuindo para uma diminuição na qualidade de vida. Entretanto, as informações prévias ao tratamento e a compreensão destas complicações pelos pacientes são insuficientes para prepará-los para o tratamento. Na literatura médica a utilização de vídeos educativos é documentada como uma ferramenta importante na transmissão de informações prévias a tratamentos complexos, demonstrando resultados promissores na melhoria da compreensão dos pacientes. No entanto, a utilização de vídeos educacionais esclarecendo as complicações do tratamento direcionadas aos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço é escassa, não havendo nenhum artigo que se dedique exclusivamente a estes pacientes. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um vídeo educativo sobre a melhoria da compreensão dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia sobre as complicações do tratamento. Para isto, a equipe de oncologia multidisciplinar, composta por membros do Centro de Oncologia do Hospital dos Fornecedores de Cana (CEON-HFC) e da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP-UNICAMP), produziu um vídeo de 6 minutos sobre os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço. Um estudo clínico controlado foi realizado com dois grupos: o grupo controle (n = 19), que recebeu informação verbal, e o grupo de vídeo (n = 19), que recebeu informação verbal e assistiu ao vídeo. Para medir o nível de compreensão, bem como levantar dados socioeconômicos, dois questionários foram dados a ambos os grupos, um antes do início da radioterapia e outro após o término da radioterapia. Trinta e oito pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Trinta e um pacientes (81,58%) tinham um nível de escolaridade inferior ao ensino médio. Todos os pacientes do grupo de vídeo responderam corretamente por que eles foram submetidos à radioterapia. Por outro lado, três pacientes (15,79%) do grupo do controle não conhecia o motivo para o tratamento. Apenas um paciente (5,26%) do grupo de vídeo tinha dúvidas sobre o tratamento, em comparação a sete do grupo de controle (36,84%). Como conclusão, o estudo demonstra que a utilização de vídeo educativo pode melhorar a compreensão do paciente com câncer de cabeça e pescoço sobre o tratamento com radioterapia e seus efeitos colaterais, independente de seu nível de escolaridade
Abstract: The head and neck cancer is the sixth most common type worldwide and is an increasing concern for public health agencies around the world. The treatment is based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, alone or combined, and are responsible for important consequences that negatively affect patients' daily activities, contributing to a decrease in quality of life. However, the information prior to treatment and understanding of these complications by patients are insufficient to prepare them for treatment. In the medical literature the use of educational videos is well documented as an important tool in transmitting complex information prior to treatment, demonstrating promising results in improving understanding of the patients. However, the use of educational videos explaining the complications of treatment directed to patients with head and neck cancer is scarce, and there is no article devoted exclusively to these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational video on improving the understanding of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy on complications of treatment. For this, the multidisciplinary oncology team, composed of members of the Oncology Center of the Hospital of Sugarcane Suppliers (CEON-HFC) and Piracicaba Dental School (FOP-UNICAMP), produced a 6 minute video about the side effects of radiotherapy in the head and neck. A controlled clinical study was conducted with two groups: a control group (n = 19) who received verbal information and the video group (n = 19) who received verbal and watched the video. To measure the level of understanding and raise socioeconomic data, two questionnaires were given to both groups, one before the start of radiotherapy and another after the end of radiotherapy. Thirty-eight patients were included in the study. Thirty-one patients (81.58%) had an education level less than high school. All patients in the video group answered correctly why they underwent radiotherapy. Furthermore, three patients (15.79%) in the control group did not know the reason for the treatment. Only one patient (5.26%) in video group had doubts about the treatment, compared to seven in the control group (36.84%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the use of educational video can improve understanding of the patient with head and neck cancer on treatment with radiotherapy and its side effects, regardless of their level of education
Doutorado
Patologia
Doutor em Estomatopatologia
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Chuang, Chun-Ting, and 莊鈞廷. "Evaluating dose uniformity in breast carcinoma using intraoperative radiotherapy." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ycrt7v.
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碩士中山醫學大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系碩士班
106
In recent years, the newly developed intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is the first choice for early breast cancer patients. Radiation homogeneity of this technique have been questioned to the patients and physicians. A left breast with a 30 cm3 cavity of Rando phantom had been developed and made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) approach was used to evaluate radiation doses under 20 Gy, 50 kV of Xoft Axxent exposure of extra radiations undergoing IORT. Doses was 20 Gy at the surface of balloon applicator, 17.04 Gy was found at the 0.7 cm away from surface, and dropped apparently. More clearly dropped, 6.88 Gy was indicated at the 1.2 cm away from surface. This study will be useful and recommended to the relatives, physicians and radiologists and authorit.
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LIN, SUNG-YEN, and 林松彥. "Evaluation of Accuracy of Convolution/Superposition Dose Calculation Algorithm in Radiotherapy." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05265060308592983086.
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博士國立清華大學
原子科學系
90
Convolution/superposition algorithm is the most accurate deterministic dose calculation algorithm at present time. However, its accuracy has to be re-examined due to the more complex treatment condition and more inhomogeneous media it will encounter in clinics. This thesis considers two limited conditions, the existence of hip prosthesis and that of air cavity in media, and examines the dose distribution difference between the results of Monte Carlo simulation and convolution/superposition algorithm. In the condition of existing hip prosthesis in media, we focus on discussing the effects that high Z, high density material caused in convolution/superposition algorithm. With existing air cavity in media, we are mainly interested in the accuracy of convolution/superposition algorithm in the condition of electron disequilibrium. In the condition of existing high Z, high density material in media, significant dose differences between the results of Monte Carlo simulation and convolution/superposition algorithm were found around the interface. In re-buildup region and even deeper sites, convolution/superposition algorithm cannot accurately predict the dose as well. Two percent and 4-5% dose underestimation were found in deep part of PDDTi and PDDCo. For the dose profiles, underdosage of 1-2% was also found at off-axis distance 1.0-2.0 cm. Insufficient accounts for scatter and back-scatter radiation while photon beam passing through high Z, high density material in convolution/superposition algorithm lead to these results. Adding dose kernels in different media and improving density scaling method in treating dose in heterogeneous media in convolution/superposition algorithm to account for scatter and back-scatter radiation would be a possible solution. Underestimating the expansion of dose kernel in air cavity in convolution/superposition algorithm was found at the condition of electron disequilibrium. This leads to the over-estimated dose in air cavity and in following re-buildup region. The region including top 0.5 cm in acrylic phantom was effected. Adding the consideration of over expansion of dose kernel in air cavity should be done in convolution/superposition algorithm by improving density scaling method for accurate dose estimation.
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Chen, Yu-Cheng, and 陳昱誠. "Evaluation the dose audit verification technology for radiotherapy using Monte Carlo method." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68e9x9.
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Lloyd, Samantha A. M. "Evaluation of a deterministic Boltzmann solver for radiation therapy dose calculations involving high-density hip prostheses." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3474.
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Acuros External Beam (Acuros XB) is a new radiation dose calculation algorithm available as part of Varian Medical Systems' radiotherapy treatment planning system, ECLIPSE. Acuros XB calculates dose distributions by finding the deterministic solution to the linear Boltzmann transport equation which governs the transport of particles or radiation through matter. Among other things, Acuros XB claims an ability to accurately model dose perturbations due to increased photon and electron scatter within a high-density volume, such as a hip prosthesis. Until now, the only way to accurately model high-density scatter was with a Monte Carlo simulation which gives the stochastic solution to the same transport equation, but is time and computationally expensive. In contrast, Acuros XB solves the transport equation at time scales appropriate for clinical use.
An evaluation of Acuros XB for radiation dose calculations involving high-density objects was undertaken using EGSnrc based Monte Carlo as the benchmark. Calculations were performed for geometrically ideal virtual phantoms, water tank phantoms containing cylindrical steel rods and hip prostheses, and for a clinical prostate treatment plan involving a unilateral prosthetic hip. The anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), a convolution-superposition algorithm used for treatment planning at the British Columbia Cancer Agency's Vancouver Island Center, was also used to illustrate the limitations of current radiotherapy planning tools. In addition, to verify the qualitative properties of dose perturbations due to high-density volumes, film measurements were taken and compared to Monte Carlo, Acuros XB and AAA data.
Dose distributions calculated with Acuros XB agree very well with distributions calculated with Monte Carlo. Gamma-analyses performed at 2% and 2 mm using Monte Carlo as the reference dose were within tolerance for 92-99% of voxels considered. AAA, on the other hand, was within tolerance for 61-97% of voxels considered under the same gamma-constraints. For the clinical prostate plan, AAA produced localized dose underestimates that were absent when calculated by Acuros XB. As well, both Monte Carlo and Acuros XB showed very good agreement with the film measurements, while AAA showed large discrepancies at and beyond the location of measured dose perturbations.
Acuros XB has been shown to handle does perturbations due to high-density volumes as well as Monte Carlo, at clinically appropriate time scales, and better than the current algorithm used for treatment planning at the Vancouver Island Center.Graduate
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CHANG, CHIH-SHEN, and 張智深. "Trade-off Evaluation between Radiation Dose and Image Quality of Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xp3us2.
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碩士中臺科技大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系暨研究所
105
Cone beam computed tomography（CBCT）has been widely applied in clinical radiation therapy to improve the accuracy of radiation therapy. However, the pre-treatment kV-CBCT scan yields significant radiation risk to patients. In this study, the trade-off evaluation between radiation dose and quality of kV-CBCT image was performed to reduce dose to patient as well as maintain the image quality. An anthropomorphic phantom coupled with Gafchromic films was used to measure the lung and skin dose from kV-CBCT scans with different parameter sets. The simultaneously acquired CT images were employed to evaluate the image quality. At last, a Figure of Merit was calculated by combining the results of dose measurement and image quality evaluation. The results showed that halving tube current can significantly reduce radiation dose. Comparing to the standard scanning parameter set, the doses to left and right lung can be reduced by 55.9% and 58.4%, respectively. By using an additional filter to remove low energy photons, the radiation dose can be lowered and the streak artifacts can be reduced. In addition, limited field of view （FOV） can avoid the exposure to critical organs, thereby minimized the absorbed dose. Comparing to the standard scanning parameters, CT scans using the halve tube current and additional filter increased the Figure of Merit（FOMCNR）in lung regions by 9% and 25%, respectively. In conclusion, we thought that properly adjusting the scanning parameter could usefully reduce the radiation risk to patients during kV-CBCT scans.
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Cranmer-Sargison, Gavin. "Quantifying the impact of radiation therapy dose uncertainties on radiobiological treatment plan evaluation." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1827.
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The goal of this study was to quantify the impact of dose uncertainty on radio-biological treatment plan evaluation. A formalism was developed for assessing the impact of dose uncertainty on survival fraction (SF). To distinguish between spatial and probabilistic dose variations, we define equivalent stochastic dose (ESD) as the voxel dose that gives an expected survival fraction for the randomly deposited dose. In the case where the probabilistic voxel dose follows a Gaussian distribution, we de-rive an analytic expression for SF(ESD). We show the analytic expression can account for multi-voxel dose distributions that incorporate both probabilistic and spatial dose heterogeneities. In addition, we incorporate dose uncertainty in the calculation of tu¬mour control probability (TCP) using the ESD formalism. We verify the derivation and implementation of the derived expression using the Monte Carlo method for cases of 60 Gy and 70 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction. The results show that the derived formalism is an effective method for evaluating the radiobiological impact of dose uncertainties on treatment plan evaluation.
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Chang, Chia-Hsin, and 張家馨. "Evaluation of the thorax shape effect on the lung dose for breast cancer patients receiving post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05320529883521793235.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系碩士班
104
Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is usually given to patients with early breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The standard RT technique uses tangential fields to cover the whole breast. We use hybrid intensity modulated RT (hybrid-IMRT) for breast cancer RT to improve homogeneity and conformity, and decrease the scattering dose. Previous studies showed that 2-demension (2-D) parameters of image can be used to evaluate the ipsilateral lung dose, but no research focused on the effect of thorax curvature (TC) on the ipsilateral lung dose. The current study evaluated the possible influence of TC on the ipsilateral lung dose. We collected 80 cases with pathological stage T2N1 or earlier and receiving BCS. Patients with supraclavicular LN coverage in RT field were excluded. Because of no direct way to measure TC, we defined an alternative method - hypotenuse lung distance (HLD) to measure TC. In addition, 2-D parameters were measured as well for statistical analyses of the ipsilateral lung dose. SPSS 22 statistical software was used to conduct the Pearson correlation analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. We found that TC had only a weak correlation with ipsilateral lung dose. On the other hand, the maximum lung distance (MLD) had a moderate correlation. The difference of TC in most patients is not obvious, and it may have little contribution to the ipsilateral lung dose. However, a higher ipsilateral lung dose can be expected among cases with funnel chest. We suggest that multiple angles IMRT or VMAT should be used in these patients.
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Lai, Yuan-Chun, and 賴源淳. "Physical characteristics of small field Photon beam: comparison of dose characteristics for stereotactic radiotherapy and evaluation of accuracy for cavity dose of convolution/superposition algorithm." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35621962299340204136.
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博士國立中興大學
物理學系所
105
The modalities for performing stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) on the brain include the cone-based linear accelerator (linac), the flattening filter-free (FFF) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) linac, and tomotherapy. In the first part of this study, the cone-based linac, FFF-VMAT linac, and tomotherapy modalities were evaluated by measuring the differences in doses delivered during brain SRT and experimentally assessing the accuracy of the output radiation doses through clinical measurements. When using small field sizes in radiotherapy, the electronic disequilibrium effect as the beam passes through an air-tissue cavity will lead to inaccurate estimations of interface doses in treatment planning systems (TPS). In the second part of this study combined the use of radiation dosimeteric measurements and a custom-made anthropomorphic phantom in order to evaluate the accuracy of therapeutic dose calculations at the nasopharyngeal air-tissue interface, using convolution/superposition algorithms for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and tomotherapy, for the treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results of this study show that the cone-based linac had the best conformity and steepest dose gradient for tumors of different sizes and distances from the brainstem. The FFF-VMAT linac had a better gradient than tomotherapy for a large tumor diameter. Tomotherapy had better gradient than the FFF-VMAT linac for smaller-diameter tumors. SRT should be performed using the cone-based linac on tumors that require treatment plans with a steep dose gradient, even as the tumor is slightly irregular. Slight deviation in the position of the MLC significantly affected the results of gamma analysis. The accuracy of the MLC position must be strictly confirmed. When measured the single field 2 × 2 cm^2, the differences between the average dose measured at the proximal interface for EBT3, GR-200F, and TLD-100 and the calculation values were -1.2%, -3.5%, and 0.8%, respectively. The differences between the average dose measured at the distal interface and the calculation values were -15.8%, -16.4%, and -4.9%, respectively. The BUR^-1 measured using EBT3 was 0.58. When using the clinical techniques, the measurement results at the interface for all three techniques did not imply under dose. The dose differences measured using GR-200F for IMRT and tomotherapy were -4.2% and -4.3%, respectively. Small field beam will lead to dose overestimation at the nasopharyngeal air-tissue interface due to electronic disequilibrium when using convolution/superposition algorithms. However, utilizing of multi-angle irradiation clinically can reduce the impact of dose errors due to the small-field electronic disequilibrium effect, and may be negligible when compared to the total prescribed dose.
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Lin, Yin Chun, and 林胤均. "Establish a Monte Carlo dose simulation system for evaluating dose impact of dental restoration and prostheses on head and neck patients receiving RapidArc radiotherapy." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14445652690995377452.
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碩士長庚大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系
101
Until now, all the treatment planning systems (TPS) have limitation on dose calculation accuracy for head and neck patients with dental restoration and prostheses. As the use of RapidArc treatment increases, dose impact of dental restoration and prostheses on head and neck patients becomes an issue. The purpose of the current study is to build a Monte Carlo based dose simulation system to take advantage of its ability in evaluating dose impact from highly heterogeneous tissue composition such as dental restoration and prostheses. This dose evaluation system is established through extending functions of an existing MC-Arc system and renamed as the MC-ArcII system. Before these extended functions can be added, accuracy of the original MC-Arc system was re-verified in homogeneous phantoms. One RapidArc plan was created in a head and neck phantom. In addition, three clinical patient plans were implemented on a torso phantom and isodose distributions re-calculated to be compared to those from the Eclipse treatment planning system. For the new MC-ArcII system, extended functions include processing of patient CT images to eliminate CT tables and adding a virtual treatment couch to better coincide with the real treatment condition. The system also modifies its CT number to material conversion function to include those high density materials for dental restoration and prostheses. One clinical head and neck case was simulated and the result compared to that from the Eclipse TPS to evaluate the dose impact. Verification results of the MC-Arc system in homogeneous phantoms showed high passing rates of 2D Gamma test with 99.99%, 99.98%, 99.48%, and 94.64% for the four test cases, respectively. Furthermore, simulation result showed maximum 6% dose difference with/without the CT table when comparing isocenter doses for open PA fields. For evaluation of the head and neck case with dental restoration and prostheses, the result showed ignorable dose impact on dose distribution near the GTV. It, however, demonstrated strong influence for doses surrounding the high density filling. The result is compatible with that reported by Chin et al which suggests minimum dose impact for region outside 3-5 mm water equivalent thickness. In conclusion, the MC-ArcII system successfully demonstrates its ability in evaluating dose impact of dental restoration and prostheses for the test case. However, more patient cases must be studied in the future to draw any statistically significant result.