Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urinal

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Urinal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Urinal"

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Hashemi, Shervin, Mooyoung Han, and Tschungil Kim. "The effect of material and flushing water type on urine scale formation." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 11 (2015): 2027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.422.

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One of the important challenges with current sanitation practices is pipe blockage in urinals caused by urine scale formation. Urinal material and flushing water type are the two most important factors affecting scale formation. This paper examines the scale formation process on different materials which are commonly used in urinal manufacturing and exposed to different urine-based aqua cultures. This study shows that urine scale formation is the greatest for carbon steel material, and the least for PVC. Additionally, material exposure to the urine-rainwater mixture resulted in the smallest am
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Mrowietz, Ulrich. "Das Urinal." Der Deutsche Dermatologe 66, no. 12 (2018): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15011-018-2255-x.

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Hashemi, Shervin, Mooyoung Han, and Tschungil Kim. "Identification of urine scale problems in urinals and the solution using rainwater." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 2 (2015): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.100.

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Water-saving urinals, such as waterless and low-flush urinals, have a great potential for water conservation by using 0 ∼ 0.8 l/flush compared with ordinary urinals, which use 2 ∼ 4 l/flush. However in some cases, water-saving urinals are not desirable because of technical problems, such as urine scale formation which makes the urinal dirty and blocks pipes. Also, some cultures do not allow the use of waterless urinals because of their notion of cleanliness. In this paper, factors causing urine scale formation have been identified from laboratory tests on pure urine and several types of flushi
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Lim, Kahui, Matthew Rolston, Samantha Barnum, Cara Wademan, and Harold Leverenz. "A biogeographic 16S rRNA survey of bacterial communities of ureolytic biomineralization from California public restrooms." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262425.

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In this study, we examined the total bacterial community associated with ureolytic biomineralization from urine drainage systems. Biomineral samples were obtained from 11 California Department of Transportation public restrooms fitted with waterless, low-flow, or conventional urinals in 2019. Following high throughput 16S rRNA Illumina sequences processed using the DADA2 pipeline, the microbial diversity assessment of 169 biomineral and urine samples resulted in 3,869 reference sequences aggregated as 598 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Using PERMANOVA testing, we found strong, significant
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Yin, Wen, and Kaifang Wang. "Sanitary wares (Wash-basin) product industry situation and quality analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702022.

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Sanitary ceramic products refer to glazed ceramic products used for sanitary installations. Sanitary wares products are divided into ceramic Sanitary wares and ceramic Sanitary wares according to different materials. According to use divide for implement kind, basin kind. The urinal type includes sit urinal, squat urinal, urinal; The basin category includes the Wash-basiner, washing tank, mop pool and so on. Among them, the Wash-basiner refers to the glazed ceramic products used for washing face and hands. It is a necessary sanitary equipment in family or public places and has become an essent
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Oppitz, Michael, and Chris Cullens. "Eagle/Pipe/Urinal." October 42 (1987): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/778272.

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Daly, James E. M., Devendra P. Saroj, Jonathan L. Chenoweth, and Thomas Parrott. "A Case Study of Delayed Action PIR Urinal-Controls in a University Setting and Their Impact before, during and after COVID-19." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 15506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315506.

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This study looks at the application of delayed action Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors in the control of water use for urinal flushing. In this we briefly review the literature on urinal controls before reviewing four different approaches to PIR urinal controls. Existing literature discusses some of the pros and cons of different types of urinal control. However, the literature does not consider the differences that occur within individual approaches, based on the way controls operate. This study was initiated at the University of Surrey during 2019 following a water saving audit, in an attempt
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Shishova, N. V., S. A. Kaurova, V. K. Uteshev, and E. N. Gakhova. "Comparison of Cryoresistance of Testicular and Urinal Spermatozoa of the Toad <i>Bufo bufo</i> (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) during Slow Freezing." Биология внутренних вод 4, no. 4 (2023): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0320965223040204.

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A comparative study of the morphofunctional parameters of testicular (non-activated) and urinal (activated) spermatozoa of the common toad Bufo bufo (L., 1758) before and after cryopreservation was carried out. Cryopreservation was performed by a slow method. Sucrose (10%) and dimethylformamide (12%) were used as cryoprotectants. It was shown that the pool of testicular spermatozoa contains significantly more cells with abnormal morphology both before and after cryopreservation. The osmoticity of the base medium for the cryoprotective solution (Ringer’s solution for amphibians – 230 mOsm or ur
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Swapnil, Suresh Bhadang. "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC FLUSHING SYSTEM." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [NC-Rase 18] (November 22, 2018): 126–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494014.

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Now a days, the human waste disposal is done with the help of aflush in urinals and toiletsby the use of water through a drainage pipe to other location. A series of urinal-toilets are fitted at public places such as bus stands, railway stations, multiplexes, educational institutes, offices, airports, malls, commercial offices etc. Most of them have manual flushing systems like pull chain, push button, trigger etc. However, germs and bacteriacan spread by theuse of such systems. Thus, people avoid to use flush or if used, it can cause wastage of water. Now a days, laser or infrared sensor oper
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Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela. "Improved urinal reduces splashback." New Scientist 256, no. 3415 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)02170-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urinal"

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Haftenberger, Marjolein, Gabriele Viergutz, Volker Neumeister, and Gisela Hetzer. "Total Fluoride Intake and Urinary Excretion in German Children Aged 3–6 Years." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133245.

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There have only been few investigations comparing total fluoride intake and the fluoride proportion excreted in urine in pre–school children. In addition, the results of available studies are conflicting. Total fluoride intake was assessed in 11 healthy children aged 3–6 years on 2 consecutive days and urinary fluoride excretion was determined. The duplicate–diet approach was used for the assessment of fluoride intake from solid and liquid foods. Fluoride intake from toothbrushing was calculated as the difference between the amount of fluoride in the paste put on the toothbrush and the drinkin
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Haftenberger, Marjolein, Gabriele Viergutz, Volker Neumeister, and Gisela Hetzer. "Total Fluoride Intake and Urinary Excretion in German Children Aged 3–6 Years." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27498.

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There have only been few investigations comparing total fluoride intake and the fluoride proportion excreted in urine in pre–school children. In addition, the results of available studies are conflicting. Total fluoride intake was assessed in 11 healthy children aged 3–6 years on 2 consecutive days and urinary fluoride excretion was determined. The duplicate–diet approach was used for the assessment of fluoride intake from solid and liquid foods. Fluoride intake from toothbrushing was calculated as the difference between the amount of fluoride in the paste put on the toothbrush and the drinkin
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Zavoleas, Ioannis. "Restating artistic value : why do people pay 2,000,000 US.D. for a urinal signed by R. Mutt?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39187.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-115).<br>This thesis examines how Marcel Duchamp's artwork Fountain has been reproduced and evaluated over time. The original piece was made in 1917 and was lost soon after it was created. Fountain has become renowned through its representations, descriptions, and copies and replicas of various scale; consequently, any later artistic critique was directed at the reproductions, rather than the original piece. Considering the fact that the original no
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Hwang, Byoung Hoon. "The cost-effectiveness of retrofitting sanitary fixtures in restrooms of a university building." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/84.

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Pereira, Marcy Lancia [UNESP]. "Glicosaminoglicanos: padronização de método e avaliação quantitativa em urina de felinos em crescimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89025.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ml_me_jabo.pdf: 321454 bytes, checksum: e1f70686b52e5be19e89ddd3396d5e7e (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Os glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) são mucopolissacarídeos eliminados normalmente na urina. A alteração da excreção dessas substâncias está relacionada à ocorrência de doenças sistêmicas ou do trato urinário. Dentre elas, a cistite intersticial, cuja fisiopatogenia aind
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Pereira, Marcy Lancia. "Glicosaminoglicanos : padronização de método e avaliação quantitativa em urina de felinos em crescimento /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89025.

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Orientadora: Marileda Bonafim Carvalho<br>Banca: João Martins Pizauro Júnior<br>Banca: Márcia Mery Kogika<br>Resumo: Os glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) são mucopolissacarídeos eliminados normalmente na urina. A alteração da excreção dessas substâncias está relacionada à ocorrência de doenças sistêmicas ou do trato urinário. Dentre elas, a cistite intersticial, cuja fisiopatogenia ainda não foi esclarecida, acomete seres humanos, e os felinos, por apresentarem quadro semelhante, têm sido considerados o melhor modelo para estudo desta doença. Considerando que os GAGs podem estar envolvidos nos mecani
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Vieira, Jakeliny. "Cuprúria em pais de pacientes com doença de Wilson antes e depois da administração oral de d-penicilamina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-20082007-144528/.

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A doença de Wilson (DW) é distúrbio da excreção biliar de cobre, de herança autossômica recessiva, devido a mutações no gene ATP7B. O cobre que não se liga à apoceruloplasmina circula no organismo ligado a aminoácidos, deposita-se principalmente no fígado e no cérebro e é excretado pelos rins. A cuprúria maior que 100ug/24h pode auxiliar no diagnóstico, embora cerca 20% dos pacientes com DW apresentem níveis anormais de cuprúria basal. A administração da d-penicilamina (DPA) pode promover, em crianças, valores maiores que 1.600ug/24h. A fim de se conhecer os níveis de cuprúria de possíveis ind
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Yonamine, Maurício. "Derivação de benzoilecgonina urinária com diazometano para verificação da exposição à cocaína por técnicas cromatográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9137/tde-10072008-162345/.

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O abuso da cocaína representa atualmente um dos grandes problemas mundiais de saúde pública. A utilização de análises toxicológicas para verificar a exposição à cocaína é de grande interesse social pois possibilita que medidas de prevenção e controle sejam adotadas. Um dos indicadores biológicos da exposição à cocaína é a benzoilecgonina pois é o principal produto de biotransformação encontrado na urina. Entretanto, as propriedades físico-químicas da benzoilecgonina dificultam sua análise por técnicas cromatográficas empregadas em Laboratórios de Toxicologia. Extrações líquido-líquido não forn
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Silva, Francisco de Araújo. "Intercalados de pentóxido de vanádio com cucurbit[n]urilas e hemi-cucurbit[6]urila." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-29042014-111302/.

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Compósitos de xerogel de pentóxido de vanádio (VXG) com cucurbit[6]urila (CB[6]), hemicucurbit[6]urila (HCB[6]) e oxovanadio(IV)cucurbit[6]urila (CB[6]VO) em diferentes concentrações foram preparados por mistura mecânica dos macrociclos com o gel de V2O5. Misturas homogêneas foram obtidas para quantidades até 10% em mol de CB[6] e HCB[6], e 1% de CB[6]VO. Estes macrociclos foram intercalados nos espaços interlamelares do VXG como mostram os dados de difração de raios-X (DRX), aumentando o espaço interlamelar e criando dois domínios cristalográficos distintos. As propriedades estruturais e comp
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Poloni, Telma Regina Ramos Silva. "Estudo das características clínicas e laboratoriais da infecção pelo vírus da dengue em crianças atendidas em uma unidade de saúde no municipio de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-24102013-084830/.

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A dengue é uma doença infecciosa transmitida pela picada de mosquitos do gênero Aedes. O vírus da dengue (DENV), pertencente ao gênero Flavivirus, família Flaviviridae, é atualmente um importante problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. São reconhecidos quatro sorotipos antigenicamente distintos (DENV-1, -2, -3 e -4). A infecção por qualquer um dos sorotipos cursa de forma assintomática ou com quadro clínico que varia desde uma febre indiferenciada e autolimitada, passando pela febre clássica da dengue (FD) até quadros graves de febre hemorrágica da dengue (DHF). O diagnóstico clínico é difí
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Books on the topic "Urinal"

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Greyson, John. Urinal and other stories. Art Metropole and The Power Plant, 1993.

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author, Ch'oe Han-sŏn, and Hong Sŏng-hŭi author, eds. Urimal urigŭl: Taehaksaeng ŭl wihan siryong Kugŏ. Koyo Ach'im, 2016.

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Hirayoshi, Yukihiro. Hyakunen no "izumi": Benki ga geijutsu ni naru toki = One hundred years of fountain(s) : when a urinal becomes art. LIXIL Shuppan, 2018.

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Wŏnsun. Urimal pulsŏl Mirŭkkyŏng. Pŏpkongyang, 2021.

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G, Blaivas Jerry, ed. Atlas of urodynamics. 2nd ed. Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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Yŏ, Mun-ju. Ŏi ŏpsi t'ŭllinŭn urimal 500. Inire, 2013.

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Mayo, Michael Edward. Urinary infections. Update Publications Ltd, 1995.

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Vintan̲. Orē urimai. Puttakap Pūṅkā, 1985.

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Soria, Federico, Duje Rako, and Petra de Graaf, eds. Urinary Stents. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7.

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Andersson, Karl-Erik, and Martin C. Michel, eds. Urinary Tract. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urinal"

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Piechota, Hansjürgen, Michael Waldner, and Stephan Roth. "Inkontinenz, Urinal." In Tips und Tricks für den Urologen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00540-8_47.

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Kranakis, Evangelos, and Danny Krizanc. "The Urinal Problem." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13122-6_28.

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Stursa, Dominik, Petr Dolezel, and Daniel Honc. "Basic Urinal Flow Curves Classification with Proposed Solutions." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55180-3_56.

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Yukesh Kannah, R., J. Merrylin, Preethi, et al. "Valorization of Nutrient-Rich Urinal Wastewater by Microalgae for Biofuel Production." In Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13909-4_17.

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Reddy, Venkatesh, Aaditya Moykhede, Sahana Shetty, Mugdha Sholapure, and M. Vijayalakshmi. "Revolutionising Public Restrooms: Smart Urinal System with Ammonia Detection and Automated Flushing." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3608-3_19.

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O'Hanlon, Bill. "There is a Fly in the Urinal: Developing Therapeutic Possibilities from Research Findings." In Happiness, Healing, Enhancement. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118269664.ch25.

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Cruz, Teddy. "Returning Duchamp's Urinal to the Bathroom? On the Reconnection Between Artistic Experimentation, Social Responsibility and Institutional Transformation." In Design Research in Architecture. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315258126-11.

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Abou-Hassan, Ali, Alexandre A. Barros, Noor Buchholz, et al. "Preventing Biofilm Formation and Encrustation on Urinary Implants: (Bio)molecular and Physical Research Approaches." In Urinary Stents. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_34.

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AbstractStents and catheters are used to facilitate urine drainage within the urinary system. When such sterile implants are inserted into the urinary tract, ions, macromolecules and bacteria from urine, blood or underlying tissues accumulate on their surface. We presented a brief but comprehensive overview of future research strategies in the prevention of urinary device encrustation with an emphasis on biodegradability, molecular, microbiological and physical research approaches. The large and strongly associated field of stent coatings and tissue engineering is outlined elsewhere in this bo
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Fogo, Agnes, and Amin Y. Barakat. "The Urine and Urinary Sediment." In Renal Disease in Children. Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3260-5_3.

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Kiratli, Esranur, Onur Ural, and Nazlim Aktug Demir. "Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Diabetic Patients." In Current Perspective on Diabetes Mellitus in Clinical Sciences. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359111.14.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common concern in diabetic patients due to factors such as impaired immune function, altered urinary tract anatomy, and higher glucose levels in urine that promote bacterial growth. Diagnosis of UTIs in diabetic patients involves typical symptoms like dysuria, frequency, urgency, and flank pain, along with clinical examination and urine analysis revealing leukocyturia and bacteriuria. Management typically includes appropriate antibiotic therapy based on urine culture and susceptibility results, taking into account local resistance patterns and patient fact
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Conference papers on the topic "Urinal"

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Sabir, Bureera, Usman Qamar, and Abdul Wahab Muzzafar. "Ontology development and evaluation for urinal tract infection." In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Biometrics and Identity Management (CIBIM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibim.2014.7015463.

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Osathanunkul, Kitisak, Kittikorn Hantrakul, Part Pramokchon, Paween Khoenkaw, and Nasi Tantitharanukul. "Configurable automatic smart urinal flusher based on MQTT protocol." In 2017 International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (ICDAMT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdamt.2017.7904934.

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Osathanunkul, Kitisak, Kittikorn Hantarkul, Part Pramokchon, Paween Khoenkaw, and Nasi Tantitharanukul. "Design and implementation of an automatic smart urinal flusher." In 2016 International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsec.2016.7859894.

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Puthilibai, G., K. Shivani Gopika, and R. Kaleeswari. "Urinal Microbial Fuel Cell: Electricity Generation — An Eco friendly Approach." In 2020 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpects49113.2020.9337028.

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Rasheed, Raffik, Pradeep Manoharan, Anantha Prajith Kumar, and Pradeep Suresh. "Optimized retrofitting process for automated contactless public urinal cleaning system." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE TIM20-21 PHYSICS CONFERENCE. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148677.

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Loth, Marian, Daan van Eijk, and Johan Molenbroek. "Mock-Up Test of Two Train Toilet Modules." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100365.

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Train toilets are perceived to be dirty and as a consequence train travelers rate the toilet as insufficient. While the train toilet is mainly used to urinate it is for men impossible to keep the train toilet clean without spilling urine outside the bowl while standing. This causes women to hover while urinating and as a result they add to the soiling of the train toilet, by spilling drips over the seat. A ‘hygienic train toilet’ will make train travel more attractive, and it can remove one of the obstacles to travelling by train, particularly for the elderly and families with young children.A
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Hambali, A., C. Adila, H. Ruzy, A. Sazelin, and L. Guo Dong. "Development of conceptual design of female hygienic urinal bedridden using total design approach." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES (ICOMEET 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116907.

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Navrátilová, Zdenka, Alzbeta Chabronova, Stanislav Losse, Vitezslav Kolek, and Martin Petrek. "Urinal expression profile of miRNAs after smoking cessation in healthy subjects: a pilot study." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa4824.

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"Surveillance of Urine Cultures and Evaluation Gram Negative Uropathogens; Five Year Data from Erbil." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.592.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common infectious disease and a public health problem that imposes a large economic burden. The aim of this study is to gather surveillance data of urine cultures and determine the prevalence of uropathogens in urine samples of patients referred to outpatient clinics in Erbil region and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the gram negative uropathogens. All urine cultures result of patients referred to Erbil hospitals in the last 5 years (2015-2020) are retrospectively examined in this study. Microorganisms are identified by standard bacteri
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Dawes, J., D. Drummond, and N. Goodfield. "URINARY FIBRINOPEPTIDE A IN A HEALTHY POPULATION AND IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643049.

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Urinary fibrinopeptide A (FpA) concentrations may be a useful clinical marker of the activation of coagulation. They are not susceptible to false positives resulting from ex vivo activation, and sampling is noninvasive.Individual urine voidings were collected from cohorts of 30 healthy subjects in each age decade from birth to 70 years, and a further 24 between 70 and 100 years. Below the age of 70 the urinary FpA concentration was 1.72 ± 0.76 ng/ml, and there was no effect of age or sex. Within this population, 4% of samples contained FpA concentrations above the upper limit of normal (mean +
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Reports on the topic "Urinal"

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Chaiyabutr, Narongsak, Chollada Buranakarl, Prapa Loypetjra, and Ayus Pichaicharnarong. Effect of exogenous urea on urea metabolism in heat stressed swamp buffalo. Chulalongkorn University, 1987. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1987.33.

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Effect of exogenous urea on urea metabolism in heat stressed swamp buffalo.In buffaloes during normal ambient temperature given exogenous urea infusion intravenously; the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, glomerular filtration rate, plasma concentration of electrolyte, protein and creatinine were not significantly affected. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased on the third hour of urea infusion. The decrease of fractional potassium excretion was concomitant with the reduction of the reductio
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Chaiyabutr, Narongsak, Chollada Buranakarl, and Prapa Loypetjra. Effects of exogenous urea infusion on glucose metabolism in acute heat stressed swamp buffaloes. Chulalongkorn University, 1988. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1988.43.

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Effects of exogenous urea infusion on glucose metabolism in acute heat stressed swamp buffaloes. Five buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature showed no significant changes in the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, glucose turnover rate, glucose pool size, glucose clearance, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), plasma concentration of electrolytes, protein and creatinine during intravenous infusion of urea for 4 h. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased on t
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Zhu, Zhihong, Yue Zhuo, Haitao Jin, Boyu Wu, and Zhijie Li. Chinese Medicine Therapies for Neurogenic Bladder after Spinal Cord Injury: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0084.

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Neurogenic bladder (NB), a refractory disease, is characterized by voiding dysfunction of bladder and/or urethra, and spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common cause. Chinese medicine therapies have been applied extensively in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, especially in China, and the results are promising but varying. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess the efficacy and safety of various Chinese medicine therapies for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Condition being studied: Chinese medicine therapies; Neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Main outcome(s): The primary
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Tian, Ming, Ming Chen, Luyan Huang, and Qingquan Liu. Comparison of urinary spot protein to creatinine ratio with 12-hour urine protein in diagnosis of proteinuria in preeclampsia. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.12.0031.

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XU, Fangyuan, Qiqi Yang, Wenchao ZHANG, and Wei HUANG. Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion in reducing urine leakage for female stress urinary incontinence: A protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0100.

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Review question / Objective: Participants: Female patients who are diagnosed with SUI according to any widely recognized and accepted criteria, regardless of their age, ethnicity, education, or social status. Interventions: The treatment used in the experimental group mainly includes acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needle acupuncture, stick-moxibustion, direct-moxibustion, partition moxibustion, or one of the above therapies combined with traditional Chinese medicine or pelvic floor muscle exercise. Comparator/control: The control groups were treated with conventional western medicine, p
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Wang, Peng, Jiyuan Shi, Jinhui Tian, Shiguang Wang, and Ya Gao. Postapoplectic Urinary Incontinence. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.5.0073.

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Kaul, Asheesh, Karel Decaestecker, Pardeep Kumar, Muhammad Shamim Khan, John Kelly, and Nikhil Vasdev. Robotic urinary reconstruction. BJUI Knowledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0727.

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Reus, Christine, Nuno Grilo, and Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler. Artificial urinary sphincter for post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence - current devices. BJUI Knowledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0687.

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Chartier-Kastler, Emmanuel, and Christine Reus. Artificial urinary sphincter for post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence - the future. BJUI Knowledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0688.

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Xu, Dan, Xueying Zhou, Junfei Wang, Xi Cao, and Tao Liu. The Value of Urinary Gonadotropins in the Diagnosis of Central Precocious Puberty: A Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0076.

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Review question / Objective: Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be differentiated into central precocious puberty (CPP) and peripheral precocious puberty, and it is more common in girls than in boys. CPP may result in a decreased final adult height, an early age at menarche, and psychological and health problems in adulthood. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH stimulation test has been indispensable in the diagnosis of CPP. GnRH stimulation test is not only invasive, time-consumin
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