Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urinal'
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Haftenberger, Marjolein, Gabriele Viergutz, Volker Neumeister, and Gisela Hetzer. "Total Fluoride Intake and Urinary Excretion in German Children Aged 3–6 Years." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133245.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Zavoleas, Ioannis. "Restating artistic value : why do people pay 2,000,000 US.D. for a urinal signed by R. Mutt?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39187.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 110-115).
This thesis examines how Marcel Duchamp's artwork Fountain has been reproduced and evaluated over time. The original piece was made in 1917 and was lost soon after it was created. Fountain has become renowned through its representations, descriptions, and copies and replicas of various scale; consequently, any later artistic critique was directed at the reproductions, rather than the original piece. Considering the fact that the original no longer exists, Fountain's reproductions somewhat reflect the artistic aura of the original, especially when Duchamp was personally involved in their creation. Fountain's reproductions may be viewed as originally (re-)produced artworks on their own. This thesis studies the processes of artistic evaluation applied to Fountain's reproductions. Fountain is a special example for the following reasons: When it first appeared in 1917, it openly posed the question of whether objects mass-produced by manufacture can be given artistic value. Moreover, since Fountain's artistic evaluation has been attributed to the reproductions, Fountain extends the question of attributing artistic value to reproduced objects, to artistic value attributed to reproduced art, in turn also raising questions about the relationship between original and copy.
(cont.) Finally, the artistic evaluation of Fountain has changed radically over time, further evincing the inherently ambiguous and subjective character of artistic evaluations, interpretations and debates. In order to respond to these subjects, this thesis compares the documentary information we have about Fountain, from photographs to descriptions and replicas, in order to analyze how artistic interpretations of the reproductions have gradually qualified Fountain's artistic reputation. A close examination of these reproductions raises dilemmas in regards to Fountain's artifactual status, as these may also be extended to reconsider its characterization as a ready-made. This thesis highlights the dilemmas underlying the interpretations and evaluations about Fountain and questions any presumption of direct analogy or similarity between the original and the reproductions. It explains these presumptions as the outcome of mechanisms of artistic evaluation and support. These mechanisms express the art system, operating each time in order to promote, or to suppress, any artwork. Over time, new artistic standards were being introduced transforming the art system in which Duchamp's artwork would be artistically appraised.
by Ioannis Zavoleas.
S.M.
Haftenberger, Marjolein, Gabriele Viergutz, Volker Neumeister, and Gisela Hetzer. "Total Fluoride Intake and Urinary Excretion in German Children Aged 3–6 Years." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27498.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Hwang, Byoung Hoon. "The cost-effectiveness of retrofitting sanitary fixtures in restrooms of a university building." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/84.
Full textPereira, Marcy Lancia [UNESP]. "Glicosaminoglicanos: padronização de método e avaliação quantitativa em urina de felinos em crescimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89025.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) são mucopolissacarídeos eliminados normalmente na urina. A alteração da excreção dessas substâncias está relacionada à ocorrência de doenças sistêmicas ou do trato urinário. Dentre elas, a cistite intersticial, cuja fisiopatogenia ainda não foi esclarecida, acomete seres humanos, e os felinos, por apresentarem quadro semelhante, têm sido considerados o melhor modelo para estudo desta doença. Considerando que os GAGs podem estar envolvidos nos mecanismos da enfermidade, é importante a padronização de métodos para dosagem destes mucopolissacarídeos em urina de felinos, bem como o estabelecimento de valores de referência para a espécie. Foram avaliados 12 felinos sadios, dos 30 aos 114 dias de idade. Amostras de urina foram coletadas a cada 28 dias para quantificação de GAGs sulfatados. Para as mensurações, foram avaliados quatro métodos colorimétricos em busca do mais sensível, barato e reprodutível. Dentre eles, o de desempenho melhor foi o que emprega azul de dimetilmetileno (DMB) em tampão acetato sódico, padrão com sulfato de condroitina C (SCC) após modificação do volume de urina empregado na reação, do tempo de leitura dos testes, além da dispensa da centrifugação das amostras de urina. A excreção urinária de GAG sulfatado não foi influenciada pelo sexo, mas foi modificada pelo fator idade. Os valores foram significativamente mais altos aos 30 e aos 58 dias de idade em relação aos observados para as idades subseqüentes (86 e 114 dias), revelando declínio das quantidades desta substância na urina de felinos desta faixa etária.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are mucopolisacarides usually eliminated in urine. The altered excretion of these substances is related to occurrence of systemic or urinary diseases. Among them, interstitial cystitis, which physiopatogenesis has not been elucidated yet, is observed mainly in humans, and felines, that present similar signs, have been considered the best model for study of this illness. Considering that GAGs may be involved with disease mechanisms, the standardization of methods to measure mucopolissacarides in feline urine, as the establishment of reference values for the species, are very important. Twelve healthy kittens were studied, from 30 to 114 days old, and specimens of urine were collected every 28 days for quantification of GAGs. Four colorimetric methods were analyzed, in order to find the most sensible, cheap and reproducible for dosage. The selected method, that employs dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) with sodium acetate buffer and standard with chondroitin C sulfate, was modified with regard to the volume of urine employed, reading time of the tests, and dispense of urine centrifugation. Values were significantly higher at ages 30 and 58 days old when compared to those observed at subsequent ages (86 and 114 days), revealing decline of these substance quantities in feline urine on this age interval.
Pereira, Marcy Lancia. "Glicosaminoglicanos : padronização de método e avaliação quantitativa em urina de felinos em crescimento /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89025.
Full textBanca: João Martins Pizauro Júnior
Banca: Márcia Mery Kogika
Resumo: Os glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) são mucopolissacarídeos eliminados normalmente na urina. A alteração da excreção dessas substâncias está relacionada à ocorrência de doenças sistêmicas ou do trato urinário. Dentre elas, a cistite intersticial, cuja fisiopatogenia ainda não foi esclarecida, acomete seres humanos, e os felinos, por apresentarem quadro semelhante, têm sido considerados o melhor modelo para estudo desta doença. Considerando que os GAGs podem estar envolvidos nos mecanismos da enfermidade, é importante a padronização de métodos para dosagem destes mucopolissacarídeos em urina de felinos, bem como o estabelecimento de valores de referência para a espécie. Foram avaliados 12 felinos sadios, dos 30 aos 114 dias de idade. Amostras de urina foram coletadas a cada 28 dias para quantificação de GAGs sulfatados. Para as mensurações, foram avaliados quatro métodos colorimétricos em busca do mais sensível, barato e reprodutível. Dentre eles, o de desempenho melhor foi o que emprega azul de dimetilmetileno (DMB) em tampão acetato sódico, padrão com sulfato de condroitina C (SCC) após modificação do volume de urina empregado na reação, do tempo de leitura dos testes, além da dispensa da centrifugação das amostras de urina. A excreção urinária de GAG sulfatado não foi influenciada pelo sexo, mas foi modificada pelo fator idade. Os valores foram significativamente mais altos aos 30 e aos 58 dias de idade em relação aos observados para as idades subseqüentes (86 e 114 dias), revelando declínio das quantidades desta substância na urina de felinos desta faixa etária.
Abstract: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are mucopolisacarides usually eliminated in urine. The altered excretion of these substances is related to occurrence of systemic or urinary diseases. Among them, interstitial cystitis, which physiopatogenesis has not been elucidated yet, is observed mainly in humans, and felines, that present similar signs, have been considered the best model for study of this illness. Considering that GAGs may be involved with disease mechanisms, the standardization of methods to measure mucopolissacarides in feline urine, as the establishment of reference values for the species, are very important. Twelve healthy kittens were studied, from 30 to 114 days old, and specimens of urine were collected every 28 days for quantification of GAGs. Four colorimetric methods were analyzed, in order to find the most sensible, cheap and reproducible for dosage. The selected method, that employs dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) with sodium acetate buffer and standard with chondroitin C sulfate, was modified with regard to the volume of urine employed, reading time of the tests, and dispense of urine centrifugation. Values were significantly higher at ages 30 and 58 days old when compared to those observed at subsequent ages (86 and 114 days), revealing decline of these substance quantities in feline urine on this age interval.
Mestre
Vieira, Jakeliny. "Cuprúria em pais de pacientes com doença de Wilson antes e depois da administração oral de d-penicilamina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-20082007-144528/.
Full textWilson disease is a biliary copper excretion disturbance, of recessive autossomic heritage, due to ATP7B gene mutations. The copper not bound to apoceruloplasmin circulates in the organism bound to amino acids and accumulates mainly in the liver and brain being excreted by the kidneys. Urinary copper higher than 100ug/24h can be useful in the diagnosis, but only about 20% of Wilson disease patients have abnormal basal levels. In this case, d-penicillamine (DPA) administration can lead, in children, to levels higher than 1.600ug/24h. Twenty five fathers and twenty five mothers of wilson disease patients (mean 61 years for male, and 57 years for female) were assessed in order to obtain urinary copper levels of probable heterozygote adults. Fasting liver enzymes, copper and ceruloplasmin serum levels were obtained along with 24h urinary copper excretion. After, patients got DPA 1.0g by oral route, twice a day, while collecting urine for 24h urinary copper excretion dosage. These analyses were performed by elethrotermic atomic absortion spectrometry method. Liver enzyme levels were similar in men and women but those of alkaline phosphatase were higher in women (M= 68.72 UI/L; F=81.68 UI/L). Serum ceruloplasmin (F=21.72mg/dl; F=27.78mg/dl) and copper (M=71.38 ug/dl; F=88.0 ug/dl) levels were higher in women than in men (p<0.001). Urinary copper levels before DPA were, 43ug/24h (mean) and 21.40 ug/24h (median); and, after DPA, 523.54 ug/24h (mean) and 511.5 ug/24h (median). Basal urinary copper levels in men were 26.9 ug/24h, and in women were 18.67 ug/24h (p=0.005). With the results of this study, we defined a possible range for urinary copper before and after oral intake of DPA in parents of Wilson disease patients. Furthermore, fathers had lower levels of serum copper and of ceruloplasmin, and greater levels of baseline cupriuresis than mothers; and finally the normal range for serum copper and ceruloplasmin, and urinary copper should be differentiated according to the gender.
Yonamine, Maurício. "Derivação de benzoilecgonina urinária com diazometano para verificação da exposição à cocaína por técnicas cromatográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9137/tde-10072008-162345/.
Full textCocaine abuse is now representing one of the greatest world public health problem. Great social interests have been generated with the using of toxicological analyses with the aim of detecting cocaine exposure to adopt prevention and control measures. Benzoylecgonine, the main metabolite found in urine, is one of the biological markers of cocaine exposure. However, its physical-chemical properties make the chromatographic analyses of this substance a difficult task. Liquid-liquid extraction of this analyte from biological sample does not provide good recovery and the derivatization of benzoyleconine for further detection by gas chromatography is a need. In this study, the application of solid phase extraction followed by benzoylecgonine conversion into cocaine with diazomethane made the standardization of the method possible. The following techniques were used: gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatography/ nitrogen-phosphorous detection (GC/NPD) and high performance thin-Iayer chromatography (HPTLC). Samples collected from cocaine abusers were submitted to the standardized extraction and derivatization techniques. Cocaine was detected in ali samples when chromatography was applied.
Silva, Francisco de Araújo. "Intercalados de pentóxido de vanádio com cucurbit[n]urilas e hemi-cucurbit[6]urila." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-29042014-111302/.
Full textCucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]), hemi-cucurbit[6]uril (HCB[6]), and oxovanadium(IV)cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]VO) vanadium pentoxide composites were prepared in several mole ratios by mechanically mixing the macrocycles and the V2O5 gel. Homogeneous mixtures were obtained for amounts as high as 10% in mol of CB[6] and HCB[6] and 1% of CB[6]VO. These macrocycles were intercalated in VXG interlamellar space as we could demonstrate with X-ray powder diffraction experiments (XRPD),which clearly show basal distance expansions and the formation of two crystallographic domains. The structural properties of such intercalates as well as their composition were studied with infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimmetric analysis, sweeping electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Electrochemical experiments have shown that the initial specific charge capacity of VXG (158 mA.h.g1) was enhanced with the addition of CB[6] (168 mA.h.g1) and HCB[6] (200 mA.h.g1) and even more with (230 mA.h.g1) in thin films with low macrocycle amounts. These capacities exceed commercial batteries electrodes. Complexation of CB[6] with Li+ ions in CB[6]/VXG intercalates reduces considerably the reversibility of insertion/expulsion of this ion, reducing drastically its charge/discharge cyclability. The presence of HCB[6], who does not bind Li+ ions, is not rigid enough to sustain the oxide structure during many cycles. The presence of CB[6]VO seems to stabilize the VXG structure and offers alternative pathways for Li+ diffusion. It does not bind these ions since the occulli are occupied by VO2+ ions, enhancing cyclability. Its specific charge remains as high as 88% of the maximum charge capacity after 40 chronopotentiometric cycles.
Poloni, Telma Regina Ramos Silva. "Estudo das características clínicas e laboratoriais da infecção pelo vírus da dengue em crianças atendidas em uma unidade de saúde no municipio de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-24102013-084830/.
Full textDengue is an infectious disease transmitted by the biting of mosquitoes of Aedes genus. Dengue virus (DENV), belonging to the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, is an important public health problem worldwide. Four antigenically distinct viruses are recognized (DENV-1, -2, -3, e -4). Infection with any of the virus serotypes causes a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from inapparent or mid viral syndrome to classic dengue fever (DF) and severe hemorrhagic disease (DHF). The clinical diagnosis of dengue is difficult, especially in children because the symptoms are very similar to those observed in other febrile illness; thus, the confirmatory diagnosis is carried out by laboratory tests. This descriptive study aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratory features of dengue in pediatric patients. The study population consisted of 110 children; mean age 9.3 ± 3.7 years enrolled in a health center in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo. Samples of blood, saliva and urine were collected from children 1-14 days after the onset of symptoms. The most common signs and symptoms were fever (105/110, 95%), followed by headache (66/110, 60%), myalgia (49/110, 45%), vomiting (27/110, 25%) and rash (16/110, 15%). Dengue virus infection was confirmed by laboratory tests in 96 children whom presented signs and symptoms compatible with the suspected dengue case classification in accordance with the criteria of the World Health Organization. The initial clinical examination failed to classify as a suspected dengue case 46% of children. The viral load in the serum was significantly higher when compared to saliva and urine. Even though, saliva and urine might be used as alternative samples for the diagnosis of the disease. The nucleotide sequencing of a partial region of NS5 protein gene showed the circulation of DENV-3, especially during the year 2010, and DENV-1 and DENV-2, predominantly in the year 2011 in the study population. There was a predominance of primary instead of secondary infections, all of them with self-limiting dengue fever.
Martinez, Marila Gaste [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos diferentes métodos de análise do dismorfismo eritrocitário, assim como a quantificação da proteinúria e a albuminúria na determinação da origem de hematúria." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95178.
Full textHá discordância na literatura quanto à necessidade da realização da microscopia de fase para avaliação da origem da hematúria (glomerular ou não glomerular), isso mostra a necessidade de mais estudos para validar as modalidades de avaliação morfológica da hematúria. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor ponto de corte da porcentagem dos diferentes padrões de células dismórficas na detecção da hematúria glomerular pelo microscópio óptico convencional e contraste de fase, verificar se a presença de proteinúria ou albuminúria pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da origem da hematúria e determinar o melhor ponto de corte para este parâmetro. Foram avaliadas de maneira cega 131 amostras de urina sendo 66 amostras de portadores de glomerulopatias e 65 amostras dos portadores de litíase renal da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Utilizaram-se amostras isoladas com densidade >1007 e com mais de 5 hemácias por campo de grande aumento. Verificou-se a presença e a porcentagem de codócitos e acantócitos tanto em microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento fresco e fixado submetidos à coloração de Papanicolaou e Panótico rápido LB e sedimento urinário fresco avaliado em microscópio de contraste de fase, além de determinar o índice de proteinúria e o índice de albuminúria. Os resultados desses métodos foram comparados entre si. Realizou-se regressão linear e diagrama de Bland-Altman das hemácias dismórficas para comparar os diferentes métodos. Curvas ROC foram traçadas para determinar a área sob a curva (ASC) e o melhor ponto de corte (PC) foi determinado pela maior soma de sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse ponto foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (Es), Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN). No microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento urinário fresco, a ASC do dismorfismo eritrocitário total foi a que apresentou...
There is disagreement over the literature regarding the performance of phase microscopy to assess the origin f hematuria (glomerular or nonglomerular). This shows the need for further investigation in order to validate the best form of morphological evaluation of hematuria. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff point percentage for different patterns of dysmorphic cells in the detection of glomerular hematuria by conventional optical microscopy and phase contrast microscopy, to verify whether the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria may assist in the diagnosis of hematuria and also to establish an optimal cutoff point for this parameter. One hundred thirty-one urine samples were blinded evaluated at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 66 samples of patients with glomerulopathies and 65 samples of patients with nephrolithiasis. Isolated samples with density greater than 1007 and with more than 5 erythrocytes per high-power field were used. The presence and percentage of codocytes and acanthocytes were verified by conventional optical microscopy using fresh and fixed urinary sediment subjected to Papanicolaou and Panótico Rápido LB staining and fresh urinary sediment was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria and albuminuria rates were determined. The results of these methods were compared using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman diagram of dysmorphic red blood cells. ROC curve plots were generated to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and also an optimal cutoff point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. At this point, it was possible to calculate sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (ES), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). In conventional optical microscope with fresh urinary sediment, the AUC of total dysmorphic erythrocytes showed the best result for the diagnosis of hematuria with AUC (IC 95%) ...
Martinez, Marila Gaste. "Avaliação dos diferentes métodos de análise do dismorfismo eritrocitário, assim como a quantificação da proteinúria e a albuminúria na determinação da origem de hematúria /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95178.
Full textCoorientador: Vanessa dos Santos Silva
Banca: Adriana Polachino do Vale
Banca: Maria Almerinda Vieira Fernandes
Resumo: Há discordância na literatura quanto à necessidade da realização da microscopia de fase para avaliação da origem da hematúria (glomerular ou não glomerular), isso mostra a necessidade de mais estudos para validar as modalidades de avaliação morfológica da hematúria. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor ponto de corte da porcentagem dos diferentes padrões de células dismórficas na detecção da hematúria glomerular pelo microscópio óptico convencional e contraste de fase, verificar se a presença de proteinúria ou albuminúria pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da origem da hematúria e determinar o melhor ponto de corte para este parâmetro. Foram avaliadas de maneira cega 131 amostras de urina sendo 66 amostras de portadores de glomerulopatias e 65 amostras dos portadores de litíase renal da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Utilizaram-se amostras isoladas com densidade >1007 e com mais de 5 hemácias por campo de grande aumento. Verificou-se a presença e a porcentagem de codócitos e acantócitos tanto em microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento fresco e fixado submetidos à coloração de Papanicolaou e Panótico rápido LB e sedimento urinário fresco avaliado em microscópio de contraste de fase, além de determinar o índice de proteinúria e o índice de albuminúria. Os resultados desses métodos foram comparados entre si. Realizou-se regressão linear e diagrama de Bland-Altman das hemácias dismórficas para comparar os diferentes métodos. Curvas ROC foram traçadas para determinar a área sob a curva (ASC) e o melhor ponto de corte (PC) foi determinado pela maior soma de sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse ponto foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (Es), Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN). No microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento urinário fresco, a ASC do dismorfismo eritrocitário total foi a que apresentou ...
Abstract: There is disagreement over the literature regarding the performance of phase microscopy to assess the origin f hematuria (glomerular or nonglomerular). This shows the need for further investigation in order to validate the best form of morphological evaluation of hematuria. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff point percentage for different patterns of dysmorphic cells in the detection of glomerular hematuria by conventional optical microscopy and phase contrast microscopy, to verify whether the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria may assist in the diagnosis of hematuria and also to establish an optimal cutoff point for this parameter. One hundred thirty-one urine samples were blinded evaluated at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 66 samples of patients with glomerulopathies and 65 samples of patients with nephrolithiasis. Isolated samples with density greater than 1007 and with more than 5 erythrocytes per high-power field were used. The presence and percentage of codocytes and acanthocytes were verified by conventional optical microscopy using fresh and fixed urinary sediment subjected to Papanicolaou and Panótico Rápido LB staining and fresh urinary sediment was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria and albuminuria rates were determined. The results of these methods were compared using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman diagram of dysmorphic red blood cells. ROC curve plots were generated to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and also an optimal cutoff point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. At this point, it was possible to calculate sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (ES), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). In conventional optical microscope with fresh urinary sediment, the AUC of total dysmorphic erythrocytes showed the best result for the diagnosis of hematuria with AUC (IC 95%) ...
Mestre
Fallis, Wendy M. "Core and bladder temperature gradient in critically ill adults : urine flow rate as a factor /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7315.
Full textZamboni, Mary Juciane Galvão. "Caracterização do perfil de excreção de glicosaminoglicanos na urina de usuárias de contraceptivo oral." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1973.
Full textGlycosaminoglycans (GAG) on the urothelium and in the urine have protective effects against disorders such as urolithiasis and interstitial cystitis. Additionally, we have shown that female sex hormones may modulate urinary GAG excretion (Maroclo MV et al. J Urol 2005;173:1789-92). Here we investigated whether oral hormonal contraceptives (OC) affect urinary GAG excretion. Urine specimens were obtained from young women regularly taking the following OC: EE + D (0.030 mg ethinyl estradiol + 3.0 mg drospirenone), n=9; EE + C (0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol + 2.0 mg cyproterone acetate), n=9; and EE + G (0.020 mg ethinyl estradiol + 0.075 mg gestodene), n=7. Controls were from ten age-matched women not taking OC. Total urinary GAG from the first and second halves of the menstrual cycle was assayed as g hexuronic acid per mg urinary creatinine. Content of sulfated GAG species was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. In contrast to controls, excretion of total GAG in the first and second halves of the menstrual cycle was quite similar in the OC groups. Excretion values for the whole cycle were higher in the OC groups (p < 0.01), especially for EE + C, in which the values were twice those from controls (p < 0.005). Compared with controls, the three OC produced marked changes in the composition of urinary sulfated GAG, with decreases of ~50% in HS (p < 0.02) and DS (p < 0.02), and a ~100% increase in CS (p < 0.004). The pattern of urinary GAG excretion is clearly changed in women taking commonly used OC. However, this altered excretion should constitute an additional beneficial effect of OC, as it enhances the protective effects of GAG against urinary tract disorders.
Loureiro, Bruna Agy. "Fibra, metabolismo ácido-básico e balanço de macroelementos em gatos /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138190.
Full textBanca: Cristiana Fonseca Ferreira Pontieri
Banca: Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio Gomes
Banca: Telma Teresinha Berchielli
Banca: Thaila Cristina Putarov
Resumo: As fibras dietéticas são um grupo de carboidratos de interesse da nutrição de gatos. Estas são utilizadas em formulações específicas para gatos para reduzir a densidade energética de alimentos, previner e/ou auxilar o tratamento de doenças gastrintestinais e metabólicas e também para promover saúde intestinal devido ao estímulo de microorganismos produtores de ácidos graxos voláteis. Contudo, pouca informação existe a respeito das consequências metabólicas do consumo de fibras por gatos, seu efeito na excreção de água e eletrólitos, produção de urina ou mesmo o efeito da absorção de ácidos orgânicos derivados da fermentação microbiana intestinal. Este estudo verificou a influencia da fibra dietetica no balanço hidro-eletrolitico e de macroelementos, produção de oxalato e equilibrio ácido-basico de gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos adultos e três dietas: BP0, um dieta controle sem adição de fibra; PB8, com adição de 8% de polpa de beterrada e PB16, com adição de 16% de polpa de beterraba. Após 15 dias de adaptação, o consumo de alimento e água foram monitorados e as fezes e urina foram coletadas durante 8 dias. Neste período foram determinados o balanço hídrico dos animais, densidade, pH e volume de urina e coletadas amostras para determinação da concentração urinária de cálcio, fósforo, cloreto, sódio, potássio, magnésio, enxofre, ácido úrico, citrato e oxalato, para calculo da supersaturação relativa para oxalato de cálcio (SSR OxCa). Também foram determinados tempo de retenç... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Dietary fibers are a group of carbohydrate of interest to the nutrition of cats. These are used in specific formulations for cats to reduce food energy density, avoid or assist the treatment of gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases and also to promote intestinal health due to stimulus of microorganisms to produce volatile fatty acids. However, there is little information about the metabolic consequences of fiber intake for cats, their effect on water and electrolytes excretion, urine production, or even the effect of absorption of organic acids derived from intestinal microbial fermentation. The present study verified the influence of dietary fiber in water and macroelements balance, oxalate production and acid-base balance of cats. It were used 18 adult cats and three diets: BP0, a control diet without adding fiber; BP8 with 8% beet pulp added and BP16, with 16% beet pulp added. After 15 days of adaptation, food and water consumption were monitored, and feces and urine were collected 8 consecutive days. During this period were determined water balance of the animals, urine density, pH and volume and samples were collected to determine the urinary concentration of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, uric acid, citrate and oxalate, for calculation of relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate (RSS CaOx). Also were determined food retention time in the digestive tract, fecal fermentation end-products, hairball excretion and acid-base status ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Härmä, Johan. "Validation of a method for analyzing urinary Cystatin C and analysis of ULSAM-77 urine samples." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177342.
Full textCaniatto, Amanda Raquel de Miranda. "Minerais orgânicos e fitase como redutores do poder poluente de dejetos suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-12052011-081909/.
Full textThis study aimed to evaluate the use of phytase and organic minerals (Cu and Zn) in pig diets in order to reduce the power of polluting waste. Sixteen pigs at the age of 68 days, were allocated in metabolism studies cages for collection of feces and urine, in a climatic chamber. The animals were kept in two tracks of ambient temperatures: thermal comfort and heat stress, and subjected to the treatments: control (T1); organic minerals supplementation (T2); phytase supplementation (T3); organic minerals and phytase supplementation (T4). Feces and urine were analyzed for P, N, Na, K, Cu, Zn and Ca concentrations. It was also measured rectal temperature, body surface temperature, feces and urine volume and the food and water consumption. The results had shown that heat stress affected the rectal and superficial temperature, and excreted feces volume (P<=0,05). The Zn and Ca excretion were reduced with the phytase use, whereas organic Cu and Zn benefited Zn, Ca and P (P<=0,05). The heat stress significantly increased Cu excretion, while Na was reduced (P<=0,05). Although there was no interaction on the activity of phytase and organic minerals, these additives contributed to the excretion reduction of minerals.
Rocha, Diogo Librandi da. "Desenvolvimento de procedimento analítico em fluxo com multicomutação para a determinação espectofotométrica de ácido úrico em urina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-05102009-105307/.
Full textMechanization of analytical procedures in clinical analysis brings advantages such as minimization of systematic errors and analysis time. Multicommuted flow systems attain the requirements to mechanization of analytical procedures in a versatile and robust way, minimizing reagent consumption and waste generation, due to the low solution volumes handled by electronically controlled devices, such as solenoid micro-pumps. The pulsed flow characteristic of the micro-pumps and the binary sampling approach improve sample and reagent mixing. Uric acid is the main end product of purine metabolism and its determination in urine shows clinical importance, because its concentration can be related to human organism dysfunctions, such as gout and renal disorders. An analytical procedure employing a flow system with solenoid micro-pumps was developed, aiming the determination of uric acid in urine samples. Cu(II) ions are reduced by uric acid to Cu(I) ions that can be quantified by spectrophotometry in the presence of 2,2´-biquinoline 4,4´-dicarboxylic acid (BCA). Linear analytical response was observed between 10 and 100 µmol L-1 uric acid and the analytical curve corresponds to the equation A=(0.0063±0.0002) CUA + (0.0285±0.0040), r = 0.999, in which CUA is the uric acid concentration in µmol L-1. The detection limit was estimated as 3.0 µmol L-1 (99.7% confidence level; n = 20). The coefficient of variation was estimated in 1.2% with 20 replicates of a 75 µmol L-1 uric acid solution and sampling rate of 150 h-1 was achieved. The main concomitant species does not interfere in uric acid determination in concentrations up to 5-fold higher than that usually found in urine samples. Recoveries from 91 to 112% were estimated and the results for 4 urine samples agreed with those obtained by the commercially available enzymatic kit for determination of uric acid (95% confidence level). The 100-fold sample dilution minimizes sample consumption and matrix effects. A simple system reconfiguration and a re-optimization of volumetric fractions attained on-line sample dilution by zone sampling. Linear response was observed up to 5.0 mmol L-1 uric acid and the analytical curve corresponds to the equation A=(0.105±0.001) CUA\' + (0.023±0.003), r = 0.999, in which CUA\' is the uric acid concentration in mmol L-1. The coefficient of variation, detection limit and sampling frequency were estimated as 1.0%, 0.2 mmol L-1 and 95 h-1, respectively. The results of the analysis of 3 urine samples also agreed with those obtained with the enzymatic procedure at the 95% confidence level
Parra, Kenia Naara. "Degradação eletroquímica de tetraciclina em meio de urina artificial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-23102013-134537/.
Full textConsidering the increase contamination of water and various environmental and human health problems resulting from this contamination, the pharmaceuticals and personal care products, such as antibiotics, etc., constitute a major concern because they are not removed completely from the sewage treatment systems, and they are resistant to biodegradation. Antibiotics such as tetracycline (TeC), for example, are largely excreted in the urine and/or feces increasingly being detected in a wide variety of environmental matrices and causing numerous effects such as allergies and increasing resistance to bacteria. Thus, this study aimed in degradation TeC amid in artificial urine medium by electrochemical method using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA), which has been selected from a highly concentrated chloride in the medium. The studies were resulted from current density and initial pH by assessing the remaining concentration of TeC, creatinine, urea and TOC and comparing the results with those obtained in an aqueous medium containing NaCl 0,1 mol L-1. It was observed that, TeC undergoes electrochemical degradation due to the electrogeneration of oxidizing species of active chlorine from the chloride present in the medium. The decaing of TeC concentration was adjusted to a pseudo-first order kinetic model and increased as current density was increased. It was also observed that the electrochemical treatment may be performed on pH close to the neutral, wherein the anionic form TEC species and HOCl favor degradation, even in the presence of EDTA. The presence of creatinine and urea interfere in the electrochemical process, causing the degradation of TeC to present lowers reaction rates and highers energy consumption in the process than in aqueous medium containing NaCl.
Camargo, Gabriela Maria Pavan de Arruda [UNESP]. "Avaliação de biofilme de proteus mirabilis em modelo experimental de fluxo dinâmico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103989.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de verificar a formação de incrustações e o bloqueio do cateter de Foley utilizando-se um modelo laboratorial de bexiga humana. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas urinas artificiais de diferentes composições: a) urina AS composta por dez solutos em concentrações semelhantes as encontradas na urina humana de 24 horas, acrescida de gelatina; b) urina AT composta por 4 solutos também encontrados na urina humana, mas em concentrações maiores e suplementada com ovalbumina de galinha. Também foi utilizada a urina de 24 horas de três homens. As urinas contaminadas com o P. mirabilis foram bombeadas (0,5ml/min) para o frasco em que o cateter estava inserido até a oclusão do cateter. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) foi utilizada para verificar a presença de biofilme nos segmentos dos cateteres. Foi observado uma diferença significante no peso dos segmentos dos cateteres após a canalização das urinas AS, AT e UH contaminadas com o P. mirabilis vs a canalização das urinas sem o microrganismo (p<0,05). O tempo de bloqueio dos cateteres que canalizaram a urina AS vs urina AT e UH vs urina AT também foram diferentes (p<0,05). O tempo de bloqueio dos cateteres, o número de células viáveis presentes no inóculo inicial e no momento do bloqueio do cateter, e variação no peso dos segmentos dos cateteres após a canalização com as urinas sem a adição do P. mirabilis e contaminadas com o P. mirabilis não foram diferentes para as urinas AS, AT e UH. As três urinas examinadas mostraram a estabilização do P. mirabilis e a manutenção em 108UFC/ml bem como a formação de biofilme. Os cateteres que canalizaram a urina AS e UH apresentaram tempos semelhantes de bloqueio. Os cateteres que utilizaram a urina AT foram bloqueados mais rapidamente (p<0,05). Não houve alteração de peso dos segmentos dos cateteres quando testados com o P. mirabilis entre as urinas.
The aim of the present work was to verify formation of encrustations and occlusion on Foley catheter using a laboratorial model of human bladder. Two artificial urines with different compositions were used: a) AS urine consisted by ten solutes in concentrations similar to those found in 24 hour human urine, added gelatin; b) AT urine consisted by four solutes, also found in human urine but in higher concentrations, and supplemented with chicken ovalbumin and UH 24 hour urine of three men. Urines contaminated with P. mirabilis were pumped (0,5ml/min) to flasks where the catheter was inserted reaching catheter occlusion. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) was used to check the presence of biofilms in catheter segments. The period of catheter occlusions after canalization was determined with the three urines, as well as the number of P. mirabilis viable cells present in the initial inoculum and in the end of the experiment. The period CFU/ml as well as biofilm formation. Catheters that canalized AS and HU urines showed similar occlusion periods. Catheters using AT urine were occluded faster (p<0.05). of catheter occlusions, the number of viable cells present in the initial inoculum and in the moment of catheter occlusion, as well as the variation in catheter segment weights after canalization with urines without P. mirabilis addition and with contaminated urines were not different for AS, AT and HU urines. The three examined urines showed stabilization of P. mirabilis, maintenance of 108 There was no alteration in catheter segment weights when tested with P. mirabilis among urines.
Pereira, Verônica Schinaider do Amaral. "Influência do peso corporal e das características de carcaça sobre a excreção de creatinina e utilização de coleta spot de urina para estimar a excreção de derivados de purinas e de compostos nitrogenados em novilhas nelore." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4987.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study aimed to evaluate the relation between body weight, the amount of muscle in the carcass, the rib eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness with the daily excretion of creatinine in Nelore heifers of different weights. We also assessed the total creatinine excretion at intervals of 4 and 24 hours and the relation of purine derivatives (PD), urea (U) and nitrogenous compounds (NC) to creatinine (C), obtained from spot samples of urine at intervals of 2 hours. Fifteen heifers were used, grouped according to body weight in three groups, one group with four heifers with the average weight 127 kg ± 24,2 (low), three of 221 kg ± 22,3 (medium) and eight of 434 kg ± 29,2 (high). The animals from the higher body weight group (high) were randomly distributed into two subgroups, each one with four animals, and one of them (restricted high) the diet was provided near to the maintenance level (1,3% of body weight) and to the other group (voluntary high) the diet was provided ad libitum. For the low and medium group, the same diet, composed of 60% of roughage (corn silage), 30% concentrate (a mixture based on soybean hulls, ground corn, soybean meal, urea/ammonium sulfate, chloride sodium and minerals) and 10% of cotton seed, was provided ad libitum. The experimental period lasted nine days, after 30 days of adaptation. The collections of urine were performed, using number 22 or 26 Folley catheters, depending on the weight of the heifer. Considering the period of collection of 24 hours, the daily creatinine excretion expressed in g, mg/kg BW, mg/kg of empty body weight (EBW) and mmol/kg BW0,75 was influenced by body weight and the amount of muscle (MUS) in the carcass (P<0.05), according to the following regression equations: C (g) = 0,397530 + 0,0441496 BW - 0,0596162 MUS; C (mg/kg BW) = 28,0059 + 0,041690 BW - 0,144537 MUS; C (mg/kg EBW) = 30,3663 + 0,0614500 BW - 0,205820 MUS and C (mmol/kg BW0,75) = 0,735514 + 0,00253957 BW - 0,00565242 MUS. To estimate the creatinine excretion, body weight was the main determinant, and the use of other variables, muscle, and rib eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness was not sufficient to improve the results. The average daily excretion U, CN and PD were just affected by body weight. None of the excretion was influenced by the rib eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness. The daily creatinine excretion found in this study was 26,35 mg/kg BW. or 0,95 mmol/kg BW0,75. When the collection was done at intervals of 4 hours, the average daily creatinine excretion found was 0,91 mmol/kg BW0,75. When expressed in g and mmol/kg BW0,75 there was a significant difference (P <0.05) among groups, by being higher the creatinine excretion for those animals of greater body weight, when expressed in mg/kg BW was not influenced by body weight (P> 0.05). There was no effect (P> 0.05) of the collection periods (00h00-04h00, 04h00-08h00, 08h00-12h00, 12h00-16h00, 16h00-20h00, 20h00-00h00 hours) in the creatinine excretion expressed in any unit. From the collection of spot urine at intervals of 2 hours was observed the relationship PD:C has not varied during the day (P> 0.05), allowing the calculation of the excretion of PD (mmol/day) to be done with obtained sample at any time of the day. There was effect (P<0,05) of the periods of the urine spot sample over the relations U:C and NC:C, which were analyzed by Fourier serie, obtaining two points daily close to the average of 7,77 to the relation of U:C and 6,42 to the relation NC:C. The two points got very close to food time (08h00 and 16h00). To estimate the nitrogenous compounds excretions, recommends two spot collections, right after the food is given. It is concluded that the lack of time effect of collection over the relationship of PD:C indicates that one can use the sample spot obtained at any time to determine, the excretion of PD, there is no need in the total collection urine.
Objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre o peso corporal, a quantidade de músculo na carcaça, a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura subcutânea com a excreção diária de creatinina em novilhas Nelore de diferentes pesos. Avaliaram-se também as excreções totais de creatinina a intervalos de 4 e 24 horas e as relações de derivados de purina (DP), uréia (U) e compostos nitrogenados totais (NT) com a creatinina (C), obtidas de coletas spot de urina a intervalos de 2 horas. Utilizaram-se quinze novilhas, sendo agrupadas em função do peso corporal em três grupos, sendo um grupo com quatro novilhas com peso médio de 127 kg ± 24,2 (baixo), três de 221 kg ± 22,3 (médio) e oito de 434 kg ± 29,2 (alto). Os animais do grupo de maior peso corporal (alto) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois subgrupos, cada um com quatro animais, sendo que a um deles (alto restrito) a dieta foi fornecida ao nível próximo da mantença (1,3% do peso corporal) e ao outro grupo (alto voluntário) a dieta foi fornecida ad libitum. Para o grupo baixo e médio, a mesma dieta, constituída de 60% de volumoso (silagem de milho), 30% de concentrado (mistura à base de casca de soja, milho moído, farelo de soja, uréia/sulfato de amônia, cloreto de sódio e minerais) e 10% de caroço de algodão, foi fornecida ad libitum. O período experimental teve duração de nove dias, após 30 dias de adaptação. As coletas de urina foram realizadas utilizando-se sondas de Folley nº 22 ou 26, conforme o peso da novilha. Considerando o período de coleta de 24 horas, a excreção diária de creatinina (C), expressa em g, mg/kg de peso corporal (PC), mg/kg de peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ) e mmol/kg de peso metabólico (PC0,75) foi influenciada pelo peso corporal e pela quantidade de músculo (MUS) na carcaça (P<0,05), conforme as seguintes equações de regressão: C (g) = 0,397530 + 0,0441496 PC - 0,0596162 MUS; C (mg/kg PC) = 28,0059 + 0,041690 PC - 0,144537 MUS; C (mg/kg PCVZ) = 30,3663 + 0,0614500 PC - 0,205820 MUS e C (mmol/kg PC0,75) = 0,735514 + 0,00253957 PC - 0,00565242 MUS. Para estimar a excreção de creatinina, o peso corporal foi o principal determinante, sendo que a utilização de outras variáveis, músculo, área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura subcutânea não foi suficiente para melhorar os resultados. As excreções médias diárias U, NT e DP apenas foram afetadas pelo peso corporal. Nenhuma das excreções foi influenciada pela área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura subcutânea. A excreção diária de creatinina encontrada nesse estudo foi de 26,35 mg/kg PC ou 0,95 mmol/kg PC0,75. Quando a coleta foi feita a intervalos de 4 horas, a excreção média diária de creatinina encontrada foi de 0,91 mmol/kg PC0,75. Quando expressa em g e mmol/kg PC0,75 houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os grupos, sendo maior a excreção de creatinina para os animais de maior peso corporal; quando expressa em mg/kg PC não foi influenciada pelo peso corporal (P>0,05). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de períodos de coleta (00h00- 04h00, 04h00-08h00, 08h00-12h00, 12h00-16h00, 16h00-20h00, 20h00-00h00) sobre a excreção de creatinina expressa em qualquer unidade. A partir da coleta spot de urina a intervalos de 2 horas foi observado que a relação DP:C não variou durante o dia (P>0,05), permitindo o cálculo da excreção de DP (mmol/dia) ser efetivado com coletas obtidas em qualquer horário do dia. Houve efeito (P<0,05) dos períodos de coleta spot de urina sobre as relações U:C e NT:C, que foram avaliadas pela série de Fourier, obtendo-se dois pontos diários próximos à média de 7,77 para a relação U:C e 6,42 para a relação NT:C. Os dois pontos ficaram bem próximos aos horários das alimentações (08h00 e 16h00). Conclui-se que a ausência do efeito do tempo de coleta sobre a relação DP:C indica que pode-se usar a amostra spot obtida em qualquer horário para determinar a excreção de DP, não havendo necessidade de coleta total de urina. Para estimar as excreções de compostos nitrogenados, recomendam-se duas coletas spot, imediatamente após o fornecimento das dietas.
Mendonça, Fernanda Sanches. "Consumo de hidroxiprolina e amido e supersaturação urinária para oxalato de cálcio em gatos /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138082.
Full textBanca: Thaila Cristina Putarov
Banca: Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio Gomes
Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do consumo de dietas secas extrusadas com diferentes quantidades de amido, proteína e hidroxiprolina sobre o balanço hídrico, excreção renal de oxalato, composição química da urina e a supersaturação relativa da urina para oxalato de cálcio em gatos. Três dietas foram formuladas: Dieta AMIDO com 25% de proteína, 47% de amido e 0,77% de hidroxiprolina; dieta SOJA com 50% de proteína, 19% de amido e 0,94% de hidroxiprolina; dieta HIDROX com 50% de proteína, 21% de amido e 2,98% de hidroxiprolina. Foram utilizados 24 gatos, totalizando oito repetições por tratamento. Os animais foram submetidos a dez dias de adaptação, seguido por sete dias de coleta total de fezes e urina e um dia para coleta de sangue. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Variáveis não paramétricas foram submetidas aos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn. De acordo com o proposto pelo experimento, foi verificado diferença nas ingestões de amido, proteína e hidroxiprolina. O volume urinário (P<0,001), ingestão de água de bebedouro (P<0,001) e total de água ingerido (P=0,006) foi menor nos gatos alimentados com AMIDO. Houve aumento na excreção renal de Cl, S, ácido úrico e uréia para animais das dietas SOJA e HIDROX, comparados com os da dieta AMIDO (P<0,05). A excreção de K foi menor em animais recebendo a dieta SOJA quando comparados com o tratamento HIDROX (P=0,02). Os animais tiveram aumento na concentração urinária de K e Mg... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study evaluated the effect of dry extruded food intake with different amounts of starch, protein and hydroxyproline on the water balance, renal oxalate excretion, urine chemical composition and the relative supersaturation of urine for calcium oxalate in cats. Three diets were formulated: Diet STARCH with 25% of crude protein, 47% of starch and 0,77% of hydroxyproline; diet SOY with 50% of crude protein, 19% of starch and 0,94% of hydroxyproline; diet HYDROX with 50% of crude protein, 21% of starch and 2,98% of hydroxyproline. Twenty-four cats were used, with eight repetitions per treatment. Animals were submitted to an adaptation period of ten days, followed by seven days for total feces and urine collection and one day for blood collection. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test. Non-parametric variables were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Following the purpose of experiment, cats had different starch, crude protein and hydroxyproline intake. The urinary volume (P<0.001), water intake via drinking bowl (P<0.001) and total water intake (P=0.006) was lower in cats fed STARCH. There was an increase in renal excretion of Cl, S, uric acid and urea for animals receiving SOY and HYDROX diets compared to STARCH diet (P<0.05). The excretion of K was lower for animals receiving SOY diet when compared to HIDROX treatment (P=0.02). Animals presented higher urinary concentration of K and Mg (P<0.01) when fed the STARCH diet ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
COSTA, JÚNIOR Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira. "Chumbo-210 e frequência de micronúcleos em células esfoliativas da urina de fumantes e não fumantes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17121.
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A presença de diferentes substâncias genotóxicas, como os produtos do decaimento do 210Pb, um elemento amplamente encontrado no cigarro, pode causar danos genéticos e contribuir para evolução de neoplasias malignas, o que evidencia a necessidade de monitoração constante dos fumantes. Bioindicadores, a exemplo de micronúcleos (MN’s) são largamente empregados nos estudos das ações de agentes genotóxicos em seres humanos. Normalmente, em grupos formados por fumantes, são utilizadas amostras da mucosa bucal para avaliação da frequência de micronúcleos. No entanto, raros são os estudos que procuram utilizar como matriz amostras de urina para essas determinações. O presente trabalho avaliou a frequência de micronúcleo em células esfoliativas na urina, bem como os teores de Chumbo-210 em urina coletada durante 24 horas de indivíduos fumantes e não fumantes, com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização desta matriz como indicadora da suscetibilidade a danos genéticos em voluntários fumantes. Foram coletadas amostras de urina de 30 voluntários (15 não fumantes e 15 fumantes). Para as análises de micronúcleo em urina foram obtidas células esfoliativas através de uma série de centrifugações e lavagens com NaCl a 0,9%. A fixação e coloração empregadas foram metanol/ácido acético e Giemsa, respectivamente. Para determinar as concentrações de 210Pb, utilizou-se a técnica da resina trocadora de íons. Nesse caso, o 210Pb foi precipitado na forma de PbCrO4. O detector Canberra Tennelec S5E foi utilizado para determinar o 210Pb. As concentrações de 210Pb na urina dos fumantes variaram de 49,7 a 158,65 mBq.L-1, enquanto os não fumantes apresentaram valores abaixo de 45 mBq (LD). Nesta pesquisa, os resultados relacionados ao 210Pb sugerem que fatores como a idade, tempo de tabagismo e quantidade de cigarros não exerceram influência estatisticamente significante sobre os valores de excreção do 210Pb, entretanto o hábito tabagista contribui para o aumento das concentrações encontradas na urina. Foi encontrada uma frequência média para micronúcleo em não fumantes de 0,0036 ± 0,001 e, em fumantes foi de 0,0068 ± 0,002. Os resultados indicam um aumento expressivo da frequência de micronúcleos em células esfoliativas de indivíduos fumantes em relação aos não fumantes, sendo este aumento estatisticamente significativo. A análise estatística dos componentes principais (ACP) sugere que a quantidade de cigarros está relacionada com os micronúcleos, no entanto, não houve correlação estatisticamente significante com as concentrações de Chumbo-210. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a urina pode ser utilizada como matriz biológica para a avaliação da suscetibilidade a danos genéticos ocasionados pelos compostos presentes no cigarro, comportando-se como uma ferramenta eficiente para a monitoração humana.
The presence of different genotoxic substances in cigarette smoke can cause genetic damage and contribute to development of malignancies, which highlights the need for constant monitoring of smokers. Biological indicators, such as the frequency of micronuclei (MN) are widely used to study the action of genotoxic agents in human beings. Usually in groups formed by smokers, the buccal mucosa samples are used to assess the frequency of micronuclei. However, few studies that seeks to use as a template urine samples for these determinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells as well as Lead-210 levels in 24-hour urine from smokers and nonsmokers, in order to evaluate the use of this matrix as an indicator of susceptibility to genetic damage in smokers volunteers. Because it is an array easy to obtain and allow an analysis of various elements were collected urine samples from 30 volunteers (15 smokers and 15 non-smokers). For the analysis of micronucleus, exfoliative cells from urine were obtained by a series of centrifugations and washings with NaCl 0.9%. Carnoy I fixation and Giemsa staining were employed, respectively. To determine the 210Pb, we used the technique of ion exchange resin. In this case, the 210Pb was precipitated in the form of PbCrO4. 210Pb beta counts were conducted in a Canberra Tennelec S5E detector with a detection limit of 45 mBq. The results indicated that the urine is an excellent matrix for assessing the degree of exposure to lead-210, especially for smokers, the group of most interest to monitoring. The non-smokers present values above 45mBq and Smokers have shown higher values for 210Pb in urine that ranged from 49.7 to 158.65 mBq.L-1. In this research, the results related to this radionuclide suggest that factors such as age, smoking time and number of cigarettes have little influence on the 210Pb excretion values, though the tobacco habit contributes to the concentrations found in the urine. The average rate for micronucleus found in nonsmokers was 0.0036 ± 0.001 and 0.0068 ± 0.002 in the smokers. The results showed a significant increase in micronuclei frequency in exfoliated cells of smokers compared to nonsmokers, which is statistically significant increase. Statistical analysis also suggest that the number of cigarettes are related to the micronuclei, however there is no statistical correlation with the concentrations of Lead-210. The results suggest that urine can be used with biological matrix for assessing genetic susceptibility to damage caused by the present compounds on the cigarette, behaving as an efficient tool for human monitoring.
Inglis, J. A. "The importance of urine biochemistry and renal histopathology in the aetiology and management of upper urinary tract stones." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652816.
Full textThorpe, Brittany Ryann. "Validation of Urinary Biomarkers of Hydration Status in College Athletes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81999.
Full textMaster of Science
Oliveira, Danielle Palma de. "Valores de referência de acetona urinária em uma população do sul de Minas Gerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-02102007-142622/.
Full textThe determination of reference values of some xenobiotics is important for the biomonitoring, to compare the concentration in the exposed and the general population. The acetone is a very popular solvent, that is used in a large number of industries and laboratories. Isopropanol is used in industries, laboratories and cosmetic products. In the human body, this solvent is metabolized and the most important product is acetone. Acetone in urine (AcU) is the most used biomarker to monitore workers exposed to acetone/isopropanol. This substance is also found in non-exposed people, so, the main objective of this work was to verify the basal levels of AcU and if there are some factors that have influence on these levels. 207 volunteers were studied (91 men and 116 women, and the ages between 18-80 years). The AcU was determinated by headspace/gas chromatography/ FID. The method showed linearity between 0.1-5.0 mg/L; limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification of 0.1 mglL; intra-assay precision, between 4 and 5%; inter-assay precision, between 5.2 and 8.8% (urine without addition, and spiked 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L of acetone). In the total population, the reference values obtained were: mean (±SD) 1.12 (± 0.47) mg/L; median 1.04 mg/L; geometric mean 1.03 mg/L; 95% confidence range between 0.98-1.26 mg/L and upper reference value (mean + 2 SD) of 2.06 mg/L. The values distribution wasn\'t \"normal\", therefore, the ,transformation of the values was necessary (109 AcU). Sex and alcohol intake showed significant influence on the concentration of acetone in urine. No interference was verified for smoking or the age of the volunteers.
FERREIRA, Pablo Gomes. "Avaliação do efeito da membrana de látex de Hevea brasiliensis no reparo de defeito da parede abdominal de rato." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2007. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/752.
Full textThe incisional hernia (IH) formation is one complication after abdominal surgery, affecting up to 20% of the reoperated patients. The use of prosthesis increased the repair of IH, however there is not yet an ideal treatment to repair or prevent the IH. The latex membrane from rubber tree has demonstrated to be cicatrizing and angiogenic, both in in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the latex membrane on the repair of the injuried abdominal wall of rats. Male Wistar rats with 340 ± 20 g were used and it was induced an abdominal wall defect with 1 x 2 cm and the alba line at the centre. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: Control (without repair) and Latex (with membrane repair) and were euthanized at 3, 5, 7 e 28 days after the defect induction. The abdominal wall fragments were removed, divided into two parts and used for histological and biochemical analysis. The histological analysis revealed that the latex membrane induced blood vessels proliferation, new muscle fiber formation and tissue regeneration. It was also observed a fibroblast density and collagen deposition increasing that is important to increase the resistance to tension forces and prevent the incision dehisce and IH formation. There was also a gradual increasing on the deposition and organization of collagen fibers during the experiment. The latex membrane induced the expression of cellular growth factors, FGF-2 and TGFb; decreased the expression of IGF and PDGF and did not alter the TGFa expression. Tissue regeneration requires the influence of growth factors in a sequence of cellular events that results on the cell regulation, proliferation, surviving and differentiation. The modulation of growth factor by the latex membrane may have contributed positively to the abdominal wall defect regeneration. It can be concluded that the latex membrane from rubber tree, when used to reconstruct the rat abdominal wall, allows tissue regeneration, fiber connective tissue formation and may be used effectively in hernioplasty.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG
Amaral, Helena Arantes do. "Detecção do vírus da cinomose pela técnica de RT-PCR em cães com sintomatologia neurológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-28092007-163234/.
Full textUsing Reverse transcription-PCR assay, different biological samples were avaliabled (conjunctival and genital swabs, urine and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from dogs with or with no extraneural signs prior to or accompanying the neurologic signs. Canine distemper nucleoprotein were detected in 43 from 50 dogs availabled by hemi-nested-PCR. Considering just dogs with distemper confirmed by hemi-nested PCR, gait abnormalities (most commonly tetraparesis) and myoclonus were the neurological signs observed in over 50%; vocalizing and seizures occurred in 32%. Other systemic signs (respiratory, gastroenteric or ocular signs). preceding or associated to neurological signs, occurred in 82% of dogs Hyperkeratosis of the footpads or nose were observed in 44 % of the cases. Only (20%) were vaccinated against canine distemper. A greater number of positive results were obtained from genital swabs (40), followed by conjuctival swabs and urine (37) and PBMCs (33). Sensitivity of detection positive results were increased by using two clinical samples association (genital swab and urine), specially in dogs that had not shown extra neural signs, vaccinate dogs or during the convalescent and late stage of canine distemper.
Silva, Ovandir Alves. "Determinação de metais no tabaco de cigarros comercializados na região de São Paulo e em amostras de urina de fumantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 1985. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9140/tde-13022015-153551/.
Full textCalixto, Carolina Maria Fioramonti. "Utilização de eletrodos compósitos na análise voltamétrica de tetraciclinas em amostras biológicas e ambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-23042013-104752/.
Full textA bare graphite-polyurethane composite electrode 60% (graphite, m/m) (GPUE) was evaluated in the determination of tetracycline (TC) class antibiotics in natural water as well as, in human and bovine urine and in milk samples. Thus, a DPV procedure was optimized for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) antibiotics in phosphate buffer 0.10 mol L-1 pH 2.3, resulting in LOD of 2.6 µmol L-1, 1.7 µmol L-1 and 0.82 µmol L-1, respectively. During the determination of TC and OTC in the water samples, recoveries between 92.6 and 100% were found, after pre-concentration stage. The urine samples were submitted to acidification followed by centrifugation to remove solids and proteins. During the determination of TC and OTC in urine samples, after pre-treatment of urine, recoveries between 96 and 100% were found. The composite electrode was also evaluated in the determination of TC in the bovine and human milk samples. During the determination of TC in milk, recoveries between 76 and 103% were found for bovine milk and recoveries between 91 and 100% were found for human milk after pre-concentration stage, showing the feasibility of the procedure.
Atique, Netto Halim [UNESP]. "Comprometimento fisiológico e seminal de cães machos infectados experimentalmente por leptospira interrogans sorovar Canicola." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103836.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O trabalho presente objetivou pesquisar a presença de Leptospira interrogans sorovar Canicola em 32 cães, dos quais 20 infectados e 12 controle, em 4 grupos de estudo com 5 infectados e 3 de controle. No G1 os animais foram eutanasiados 7 dias após a inoculação, no G2, 15 dias, no G3, 30 dias e no G4 45 dias. Colheu-se sêmen, urina e sangue nos dias 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 e após, a cada 5 dias, com realização de exames andrológicos do sêmen e bioquímicos da urina e do sangue, e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) dessas amostras. Avaliou-se o estado clínico, e o soro sangüíneo foi submetido à soro-aglutinação microscópica (SAM). Os títulos sorológicos dos infectados chegaram a 2.560. Na PCR, detectou-se DNA de leptospiras primeiro no sêmen e depois na urina, e não se detectou nos testículos, epidídimos, próstata, rins e fígado. Na Levaditi, foi encontrada leptospira em um fígado, e no histopatológico, 5 animais com prostatite, evidenciada também pelo aumento do número de espermatozóides com a patologia cabeça isolada. O exame andrológico mostrou declínio na motilidade, no vigor, na concentração espermática e defeitos maiores acima de 10%. No hemograma, observou-se alterações a partir do dia 3 pós-infecção, e ao exame bioquímico a partir do dia 30, indicando possíveis alterações hepáticas e renais. Conclui-se que cães infectados com Leptospira interrogans sorovar Canicola apresentam queda na qualidade espermática, sendo importantes fontes de infecção para o homem e animais, podendo inclusive transmitir a leptospirose por meio de sêmen nos primeiros dias pós-infecção, antes da transmissão urinária, sendo detectada pela PCR anteriormente a SAM.
The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola. in 32 dogs, of which 20 are infected and 12 control, 4 study groups with 5 infected and 3 of control. In G1 animals were euthanasing 7 days after inoculation, the G2, 15 days, the G3, 30 days in the G4 and 45 days. It is collected semen, urine and blood on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and after, every 5 days, with laboratory tests of semen andrological and biochemical of urine and blood, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) Of these samples. Evaluated the clinical status, and serum was submitted to serum-microscopic agglutination (SAM). The serological evidence of infection arrived in 2560. In PCR, DNA was found in semen of leptospires first and then in the urine, and is not detected in testis, epididymis, prostate, kidney and liver. In Levaditi, was found leptospira in a liver, and the histopathology, 5 animals with prostatitis, evidenced also by increasing the number of sperm with the pathology head alone. The examination showed andrologic decline in motility, in effect, defects in sperm concentration and higher above 10%. In the blood, it was observed changes from day 3 post-infection, and the biochemical examination on the day 30, indicating possible kidney and liver abnormalities. It follows that dogs infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola present decrease in sperm quality, and important sources of infection for humans and animals, which may include forward to leptospirosis through semen during the first day post-infection, before urinary transmission, and PCR detected earlier by the SAM.
Camargo, Gabriela Maria Pavan de Arruda. "Avaliação de biofilme de proteus mirabilis em modelo experimental de fluxo dinâmico /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103989.
Full textAbstract: The aim of the present work was to verify formation of encrustations and occlusion on Foley catheter using a laboratorial model of human bladder. Two artificial urines with different compositions were used: a) AS urine consisted by ten solutes in concentrations similar to those found in 24 hour human urine, added gelatin; b) AT urine consisted by four solutes, also found in human urine but in higher concentrations, and supplemented with chicken ovalbumin and UH 24 hour urine of three men. Urines contaminated with P. mirabilis were pumped (0,5ml/min) to flasks where the catheter was inserted reaching catheter occlusion. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) was used to check the presence of biofilms in catheter segments. The period of catheter occlusions after canalization was determined with the three urines, as well as the number of P. mirabilis viable cells present in the initial inoculum and in the end of the experiment. The period CFU/ml as well as biofilm formation. Catheters that canalized AS and HU urines showed similar occlusion periods. Catheters using AT urine were occluded faster (p<0.05). of catheter occlusions, the number of viable cells present in the initial inoculum and in the moment of catheter occlusion, as well as the variation in catheter segment weights after canalization with urines without P. mirabilis addition and with contaminated urines were not different for AS, AT and HU urines. The three examined urines showed stabilization of P. mirabilis, maintenance of 108 There was no alteration in catheter segment weights when tested with P. mirabilis among urines.
Orientador: Elisabeth Loshchagin Pizzolitto
Coorientador: Antonio Carlos Pizzolitto
Banca: Taís Maria Bauab
Banca: Beatriz Ernestina Cabilio Guth
Banca: Izabel Yoko Ito
Banca: José Vanderli Menani
Doutor
Zarkadas, Marion. "Effects of sodium chloride supplementation on urinary calcium, other urine and blood electrolytes and parathyroid hormone levels in postmenopausal women." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61693.
Full textMartins, Edjane Suenia Costa da Silva. "Efeito do armazenamento sobre as características de urina e águas amarelas." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2292.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A large part of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are essential in agriculture, is found in human urine being their amounts, in most cases, significant, more suitable and sustainable than those in commercial fertilizers. Due to the demand for sustainable alternatives in the context of ecological sanitation, reuse of human urine can be faced as a potentially feasible alternative in the context of decentralized wastewater treatment systems. The experimental research which based this work was divided into two stages, in the first the effect of storage, within open and closed recipients, as a treatment of pure urine and yellow water, being used two containers for pure and two for a 7% dilution of urine. In order to verify the effect of storage, monitoring and evaluation were performed by means of physical, chemical and microbiological indicators. Storage of urine proved to be a cost-effective cleaning method of pure and diluted urine and. Containers with lid were more efficient in physical-chemical and biological stabilization process controlling loss of ammonia by volatilization, and contamination by the influence of the external environment. Concentrations of nutrients were maintained in high levels and fecal contamination tended to elimination in a period of 20 days, at room temperature. In the second step, the aim was the recovery of phosphorus by precipitation, carried out in a jar-test apparatus with MgO addition, at several concentrations, to pure and 7%-diluted urine to 7%. Two ranges of concentrations were used - phase A (0; 0.05; 0.15; 0.30 and 0.45 g of MgO/L) and phase B (0; 0.45; 0.60; 0.75 and 0.90 g MgO/L) - under stirring at 120 rpm, for a period of 2 hours. Precipitation and hence the phosphorus recovery was directly related to the concentration of MgO in both phases.
Grande parte dos nutrientes que são essenciais na agricultura, como nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, é encontrada na urina humana e suas quantidades significativas são, na maioria das vezes, mais apropriadas e sustentáveis do que as encontradas nos fertilizantes químicos comerciais. Devido à demanda por alternativas sustentáveis, no contexto do esgotamento sanitário ecológico, o reuso da urina humana pode ser citado como descentralizados de tratamento de águas residuárias. A pesquisa que fundamentou este uma alternativa viável e de grande potencial na escala de sistemas trabalho foi dividida em duas etapas, tendo a primeira o objetivo de analisar o efeito de modos diversos (aberto e fechado) de armazenamento, como forma de tratamento da urina pura e de águas amarelas. Para tal foram utilizados quatro recipientes de urina pura e diluída a 7%, em dois recipientes com tampa e dois sem tampa. Para verificar o efeito do armazenamento foi realizada a caracterização, por meio de indicadores físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. O armazenamento da urina mostrou-se um método de higienização de baixo custo e bastante eficiente. Quanto às formas de armazenamento (aberta e fechada), a utilização de urina pura em recipientes com tampa mostrou-se mais eficiente no processo de estabilização físico-química e biológica, pois não ocorreu perda de amônia por volatilização, nem contaminações por influência do ambiente externo, a concentração de nutrientes foi considerada satisfatória e os níveis de coliformes termotolerantes tenderam à nulidade em um período de 20 dias, em temperatura ambiente (25 a 26ºC). Na segunda etapa, o objetivo foi a recuperação de fósforo por precipitação levada a efeito em aparelho jar-test, no qual foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de MgO para cada 1,0 L de urina pura e de diluída a 7%. Duas faixas de concentrações foram utilizadas - fase A (0; 0,05; 0,15; 0,30 e 0,45 g de MgO/L) e fase B (0; 0,45; 0,60; 0,75 e 0,90 g de MgO/L) -, sob agitação a 120 rpm, por um período de 2 horas.A precipitação e, consequentemente a recuperação de fósforo, foi diretamente relacionada às concentrações de MgO, nas duas fases.
Rossini, Eduardo Luiz [UNESP]. "Determinação simultânea de biomarcadores de função renal em urina utilizando dispositivo analítico microfluídico em papel." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134334.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O nitrogênio está presente no organismo humano principalmente como constituinte das proteínas e ácidos nucleicos. O catabolismo dessas substâncias forma compostos nitrogenados conhecidos como não–proteicos. Dentre os vários compostos nitrogenados não-proteicos conhecidos, o ácido úrico e a creatinina podem ser utilizados como biomarcadores da função renal em humanos. A creatinina é proveniente da reação não enzimática de desidratação da creatina ou da desfosforilação da fosfocreatina durante o processo de contração muscular; sua concentração é utilizada como marcador clínico para avaliar a função renal. O ácido úrico é formado a partir do metabolismo das bases purínicas, por ser um composto pouco solúvel, sua deposição nas juntas das extremidades ou em outros tecidos moles gera o caso clínico conhecido como gota. Dessa forma, a creatinina e o ácido úrico são constantemente dosados em exames laboratoriais de urina. As metodologias utilizadas para a dosagem desses dois compostos vão desde os métodos clássicos, até a utilização de HPLC, eletroforese e análise em fluxo, ou seja, técnicas pouco portáteis e algumas de alto custo. Assim, a proposta do trabalho é o desenvolvimento de dispositivos analíticos microfluídicos em papel (μPAD) para a determinação de creatinina e ácido úrico. Foram selecionados os reagentes cromogênicos para os dois analitos em estudo. Sendo o ácido pícrico em meio alcalino o reagente cromogênico para a creatinina e o Fe3+ e 1,10-Fenantrolina para o ácido úrico. As condições experimentais das duas reações foram otimizadas utilizando o planejamento fatorial do tipo 2³ e o planejamento composto central. Foram otimizados os fatores concentrações dos reagentes e tempo de aquecimento. A curva de calibração para o ácido úrico foi repetitiva, com equação de reta igual a A = 0,01651 + 0,0003864 CAU, com coeficiente de determinação (R²) igual a 0,997, com limite de detecção igual a 16,5 mg L-1 e de quantificação igual a 54,9 mg L-1. Dos interferentes testados, apenas o ácido ascórbico demonstrou ser interferente da reação e pode ser eliminado borbulhando-se O2 na amostra. A curva de calibração para a creatinina apresenta repetibilidade, com equação de reta igual a A = -0,02229 + 0,0004010 CCRN, com coeficiente de determinação (R²) igual a 0,998, com limite de detecção igual a 15,7 mg L-1 e de quantificação igual a 52,4 mg L-1, não apresentando interferentes para a reação entre os interferentes testados. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada em três urinas sintética e quatro urinas naturais. Os resultados obtidos foram confrontados com uma metodologia cromatográfica descrita na literatura. O teste estatístico de t de Student demonstrou que não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos do método proposto e o comparativo.
Nitrogen is present in human organism mainly as a nucleic acid and proteins constituent. The catabolism of these substances forms nitrogen compounds known as nonproteinaceous. Among the many nonproteinaceous nitrogen compounds, uric acid and creatinine can be used as biomarkers of renal function in humans. Creatinine is derived from a non-enzymatic reaction of creatine dehydretion or dephosphorylation of phosphocreatine in the muscle contraction process; creatinine concentration is used as clinic marker to evaluate the renal function. Uric acid is formed from metabolism of purine bases and, by being a slightly soluble compound, its deposition in the joints of the extremities or other soft tissues creates a case known as gout. In this way, creatinine and uric acid are constantly dosed in urine laboratory exams. The methodologies used to determine these two compounds range from classic methods, to the used of HPLC, electrophoresis and in flow analysis, in other words, slightly portable techniques and, some of them, very expensive. Thus, this work proposes the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD) to determinate creatinine and uric acid. Chromogenic reagents were selected for both analytes in study. Picric acid in alkaline medium was chose for creatinine determination and Fe3+ and 1,10-phenantroline were chose for uric acid. Experimental conditions were optimized for both reactions using 23 factorial design and a central composite design. The factores optimized were reagents concentration and time of heating. The analytical curve to uric acid were repetitive, with a line equation equal to A = 0,01651 + 0,00038764 CAU, with determination coefficient (R²) equal to 0,997, and limit of detection equal to 16,5 mg L-1 and limit of quantification equal to 54,9 mg L-1. Of the interferents tested, only ascorbic acid was shown to be interfering the reaction and may be removed by bubbling O2 in the sample. Calibration curve of creatinine shows itself repetitive with a linear equation equal to A = -0,02229 + 0,0004010 CCRN, with linear coefficient (R²) of 0,998; limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 15,7 mg L-1 and 52,4 mg L-1; and none of the interferentes tested present interference during the determination. The proposed method was applied to three artificial urine samples and four natural urine samples. The obtained results were compared with a chromatographic methodology already described in literature. Statistic Student t-test shows that there is no significant difference between the results obtained by the proposed method and the comparative method.
FAPESP: 2014/17749-7
CNPq: 132646/2014-5
Gohel, Mayur Danny Indulal. "Urinary polyanions important in urinary calcium oxalate crystallization." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18736841.
Full textSanches, Paulo Roberto Stefani. "Avaliação de técnicas conservadoras para tratamento da incontinência urinária feminina empregando instrumentação para monitorização domiciliar." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2008. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/134.
Full textCurrent conservative treatments for female urinary incontinence include a combination of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) and vaginal cones, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and biofeedback. However, recent studies have been insufficient to determine which supplementary technique is more advantageous. In addition, since those techniques are performed at home by the patient, assessment of compliance is difficult. The main goals of this research are the development of a portable device for the treatment of female urinary applying PFME combined with or electrical stimulation and make a pilot study with a patients group. The device developed for this study consists of a microprocessor controlled unit with sufficient memory to store the exercises carried out by patients at home. At each consultation the contents of the memory are downloaded via USB interface for analysis by the therapist. Effective compliance and the quality of the exercises performed can be evaluated. The device includes a vaginal probe for monitoring pelvic muscle contraction pressure during the exercises. The study included 32 patients, allocated to one of 3 intervention groups. Outcomes were: change in quality of life score and in urodynamic and perineometric parameters and changes to urinary habits and episodes of losses recorded in the bladder diary. After 3 months, 71.9 % of the patients (23) had achieved cure or significant improvement, 18.8% (6) partial improvement of symptoms and 9.3 % (3) poor response, being referred for surgical treatment. Compliance with treatment was not different between groups (p=0.201), however the performance in the execution of exercises shows significant differences (p<0.05), with better results in the biofeedback group. In all groups a significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in maximum pelvic muscle contraction strength, in addition to an improvement in the quality of life questionnaire scores (p<0.02). The number of urine losses due to stress exhibited a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in all groups. There was a trend towards reduced number of urinations per day and reduced number of urge urine losses. The novel developed instrumentation for home use was efficient and the patients allocated in the research protocol had significant alterations in the assessed variables.
Scalabre, Aurélien. "Étude clinique des modifications du profil métabolique urinaire secondaires à une anomalie congénitale de l’écoulement des urines par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire et analyse métabolomique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1272/document.
Full textThe prenatal finding of unilateral Urinary Tract Dilatation (UTD) can be transient or represent a significant urinary flow impairment that would lead to progressive deterioration of renal function. Identifying urinary biomarkers could help to differentiate uropathy requiring surgical management from transient dilatation at an early stage.Metabolic phenotyping studies provide untargeted quantification of all detectable low molecular-weight molecules by profiling without any a priori the metabolic signatures of biological samples in connection to physiopathological events.The main objective of this study is to identify diagnosis and prognosis urinary markers for uropathy in newborns with prenatally diagnosed unilateral UTD using 1H-NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses.A total of 70 newborns with unilateral UTD and 90 controls were included in this prospective study. First, the usefulness of different ultrasound grading systems in predicting the need for surgical intervention is evaluated. Then, we report the absence of significant difference between the urinary metabolic profiles of newborns with UTD and controls. In thethird part, the influence of age, weight and height on the urinary metabolic profiles of healthy newborns is highlighted for the first time, and key-metabolites responsible for this evolution are identified. Finally, we demonstrate the influence of age on the urinary metabolic profiles of children with UTD. This work allows a deeper understanding of the metabolic maturation of healthy newborns. It contributes to identify potential confounding factors for metabolomics investigations in neonatology. It represents a step toward a better comprehension of thephysiopathology of UTD
Varrique, Renan Martins. "Elaboração de valores de referência urinários para elementos químicos essenciais e não essenciais em crianças brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-13052014-092146/.
Full textThere is no research involving the determination of chemical elements in biological fluids and the development of reference values in Brazil for its child population. Human biomonitoring of chemical elements has great importance in human health assessment, however, in analysis of Brazilian biomonitoring studies, the results are usually compared with values established for other countries, which can lead to an erroneous estimate of the risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of essential and nonessential elements in Brazilian children (6-14 years), proposing reference values for Cd, Co, Li, Mo, Pt and Sb. To develop the study, urine samples obtained by the \"Pesquisa Nacional para Avaliação do Impacto da Iodação do Sal\" (PNAISAL) were used, taking a sample of 6,965 randomly chosen, covering all Brazilian regions. Samples were directly analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS against matrix-matching calibration. Creatinine measurement was done to correct possible effects of sample dilution. The mean concentrations obtained for Cd, Co, Li, Mo, Sb and Pt elements were 0.267, 0.769, 7.949, 66.839, 0.022 and 2.389 ?g/g of creatinine, respectively. The data were compared with results from biomonitoring studies for Brazilian adult and foreign populations, highlighting the need for stipulation of reference values for Brazilian child population.
Troncon, Elisa Kefalás. "Comunicação química por meio das fezes e da urina e comportamento social em gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-12052006-122416/.
Full textDomestic cats may be used as a model for the study of the Felidae family, since they do not reach greater physical proportions, are found in high population densities all over the world and share with wild felids a variety of scent marks methods. Odor transference between cats and the environment occurs through corporal contacts and elimination of feces and urine, which seem to be important carriers of chemical information in almost all terrestrial mammals, thus facilitating social interactions between individuals. The aim of the present study was to analyze aspects of the behavior of domestic cats, with emphasis in chemical communication through feces and urine between animals, and the relationships between these aspects and their intraspecific social structure. The study was carried out in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) from both sexes, without defined race, including kittens, youthful and adults neutered with nearly one year old; animals were kept in high (0,3 animals/m2) or in low population density (0,04 animals/m2). The collection of the behavioral data for elimination of feces and urine was carried out using the focal animal" method. The number of movements and the time spent to dig a hole in the ground (before the animals defecate or urinate), the number of movements and the time spent to bury their feces or urine, and whether olfative verification of the excrements was or not performed were carefully recorded. Recordings also involved the places where the animals deposited their excrements and the behavior patterns farther or closer to the places used for rest and feeding were compared, in the area of high population density. Also, the two areas of study were compared regarding animal behavior. As far as social organization is concerned, it was recorded which individuals were sleeping or resting in direct physical contact with other individuals, in both areas of study. Moreover, the places (boxes) used by the animals for resting, in function of their height, were also recorded. Results show that animals execute a greater number of forelimb movements and spend more time to bury feces, when compared to urine. Females show more effort after the elimination of feces than males, which may indicate a strategic behavior for the kitten protection. Animals dedicate more effort to bury feces in high population density, when compared to low population density. Regarding olfative verifications, feces are verified more frequently than urine, for both males and females, not only in high but also in low population density. In high population density, males and females deposit feces farther and urine closer to the places used for rest and feeding. As far as social organization is concerned, high population density seems to propitiate greater number of direct physical contacts between animals than low population density. Moreover, animals show predilection for occupying boxes located in higher positions, than the lower ones, and some animals restrict their occupation to either the high or the low boxes, which may indicate some degree of social stratification in the group, according to animal hierarchical position.
SARAIVA, Felipe Martins. "Ciclagem de nutrientes em pastagens de gramíneas tropicais manejadas sob diferentes intensidades de pastejo." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6750.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) in Itambé, dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. Two grazing trials were performed. The first one evaluated nutrient deposition via animal excreta on grazed Pennisetum purpureum Schum. pastures; the second one characterized the soil and theroot system of two tropical grasses under different grazing intensities. Pastures of Pennisetum purpureum Schum clone IRI 381 were submitted to different post-grazing stubble heights (40, 80, and 120 cm) and Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. pastures under different stocking rates (2, 4, and 6 AU/ ha). A rotational stocking was applied with grazing cycle of 35 days ( 32 days resting period and three days of grazing period) in the rainy season and 70 days (67 days resting period and three days of grazing period) in the dry season. Crossbred Holstein-Zebu cattle were used as experimental animals. A complete randomized blocks design was used, with three replications per treatment. The amount of excreta returned to the pasture and chemical composition of urine and feces were evaluated in seven different sampling periods. In addition, soil fertility, soil physics, and root system variables were also measured at different soil layers. The average concentration of minerals in feces, varied according to the period of assessment with average values of 16,0; 1,7; 0,20, 9,67, 5,77, and 5,24 g/kg for N, P, Na, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. Mineral concentrations in urine were 2,99; 1,11; 34,86; 0,29 and 0,23 g/L of N, Na, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. The post-grazing stubble heights affected only the concentration of N and Mg in the dung, where the treatment with 40 cm postgrazing stubble height presented higher concentration of these nutrients. Return of nitrogen through dung and urine contributed with 506 g N/ha.day, 47% of this via urine and 53% via dung. The N, K and Na (89%, 95% and 96%) returned mainly via urine; Ca and Mg (78 e 81%) returned mainly via dung. Phosphorus was found only in dung. The return of N was similar in feces and urine. Characteristics of the soil and root system were not affected by post-grazing stubble heights and stocking rates. The top soil layer (0-20 cm) showed greater root length (59 and 54cm/200 g soil), root length density (0,37 and 0,33 cm/cm3), and root biomass (2,04 and 2,84 T/ha), and carbon storage (61 and 91 Mg.ha-1), respectively to elephant grass and Brachiaria. The samelayer (0-20) presented higher soil P concentration regardless of the grass. Brachiaria accumulated more carbon in the soil due to its greater capacity of soil coverage, with greater C stock at the 0-20 cm soil layer. The root system of both species were mainly in the 0-20 cm soil layer, however, B. decumbens presented greater root biomass in the deeper soil layers (40-100 cm) compared to P. purpureum. Based on the observed results, nutrient return via animal excreta is of great importance for maintaining pasture ecosystem, mainly due to deposition of N, P, and K. Future researches aiming to improve excreta distribution on pasture surface must be performed, maximizing nutrient return and reducing application of chemical fertilizers.
Este estudo foi realizado na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), no município de Itambé, Zona da Mata Seca de Pernambuco, e objetivou avaliar dois ensaios, sendo o primeiro realizado através da avaliação da deposição de nutrientes via excreta animal em pastagens de Pennisetum purpureum Schum. e o segundo, através da caracterização do solo e do sistema radicular em pastagens de gramíneas tropicais manejadas sob diferentes intensidades de pastejo. Para tal, foram avaliadas pastagens de capim elefante clone IRI 381, submetidas a diferentes alturas de resíduo pós pastejo (40, 80 e 120 cm) e Brachiaria decumbens sob diferentes lotações animais (2, 4 e 6 UA/ha), com lotação intermitente e ciclo de pastejo de 35 dias, na época chuvosa (32 dias de descanso e três dias de ocupação) e, 70 dias, na época seca (67 dias de descanso e três dias de ocupação). Foram utilizados bovinos mestiços holandês/zebu como animais pastejadores. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações referentes à quantidade excretada e composição química das fezes e urina, em sete períodos de avaliação, além de análise de fertilidade e física do solo, e características do sistema radicular de gramineas tropicais em diferentes profundidades. A concentração média de minerais nas fezes variaram de acordo com o período de avaliação, sendo observados valores médios de 16,0; 1,7; 0,20; 9,67; 5,77 e 5,24 g/kg para N, P, Na, K,Ca e Mg, respectivamente. A urina apresentou concentrações de 2,99; 1,11; 34,86; 0,29 e 0,23; g/L de N, Na, K, Ca e Mg, respectivamente. As alturas de resíduo pós pastejo influenciaram apenas a concentração de N e Mg nas fezes, onde o tratamento de 40 cm apresentou maior concentação desses nutrientes. O retorno de nitrogênio por meio das fezes e urina contribuiu, a cada dia de pastejo, com 506 g N/ha.dia, sendo 47% deste proveniente da urina e 53% via fezes. O K e Na (95% e 96%) retornaramprincipalmente via urina; Ca e Mg (78 e 81%) foram mais presentes nas fezes dos animais, já o P foi encontrado apenas nas fezes. O retorno de N foi semelhante nas fezes e urina (53 e 47%). As características do solo e sistema radicular não foram influenciadas pelas alturas de resíduo pós pastejo e lotações animais. A camada superficial do solo (0-20 cm) apresentou maior comprimento (59 e 54 cm/200g de solo), densidade (0,37 e 0,33 cm/cm3) e biomassa radicular (2,04 e 2,84 Mg/ha), bem como estoque de carbono (61 e 91 Mg.ha-1), respectivamente para o capim elefante e a braquiária. A braquiária acumulou maior quantidade de carbono no solo, em virtude de sua maior capacidade de cobertura do mesmo, sendo esse estoque maior nas camadas superficiais. O sistema radicular de ambas as espécies concentra-se principalmente na camada de 0-20 cm, todavia, B. decumbens apresentou maior biomassa radicular em camadas mais profundas do solo (40 – 100 cm) quando comparada ao P. purpureum. Diante dos resultados observados no presente trabalho, o retorno de nutrientes via excreta animal é de grande importância para a manutenção do ecossistema daspastagens, principalmente relacionado à deposição do N, P e K. Futuras pesquisas objetivando melhorar a distribuição dos excrementos no pasto devem ser realizadas, de forma a maximizar o retorno dos nutrientes depositados, gerando economia na aplicação de fertilizantes químicos.
Colombeli, Adriana Scotti da Silva. "Avaliação do potencial de interferência analítica de fármacos na análise química do exame de urina." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88952.
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O exame de urina proporciona informações sobre patologias renais e do trato urinário, bem como sobre algumas moléstias extra-renais. Pela sua simplicidade, baixo custo e facilidade na obtenção da amostra para análise, é considerado exame de rotina. Fármacos podem alterar exames laboratoriais por meio de mecanismos farmacológicos, físicos, químicos e metabólicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de interferência analítica de 24 fármacos no exame químico da urina. A análise de todos os parâmetros da fita reativa (Multistix® 10 SG Bayer) foi realizada comparando-se os resultados de urinas controles (sem o fármaco) e urinas às quais foram adicionados os fármacos. A metodologia baseou-se em um protocolo adotado internacionalmente para estudos da interferência analítica. Foi realizada a avaliação do potencial de interferência em concentrações consideradas supraterapêuticas, terapêuticas e subterapêuticas, estimadas com base na dose e em dados farmacocinéticos. Não foram detectadas interferências nas concentrações testadas para aciclovir, amoxicilina, atenolol, diclofenaco potássico, lisinopril, tartarato de metoprolol, metronidazol, ofloxacino, piracetam e zidovudina. No parâmetro cetona, foi verificada interferência falso-positiva para o captopril, em concentrações supraterapêutica e terapêutica. O carbonato de lítio apresentou interferência falso-negativa para o parâmetro densidade, no qual captopril, cefalexina, cimetidina, difosfato de cloroquina, bem como os cloridratos de amantadina, ciprofloxacino, efedrina, metformina, metoclopramida, ranitidina e tetraciclina, além dos sulfatos de atropina e quinina, provocaram interferência falso-positiva nas concentrações testadas. No parâmetro glicose houve interferências falso-negativas dos fármacos captopril, cloridrato de ciprofloxacino e difosfato de cloroquina na concentração supraterapêutica. Os fármacos captopril, cimetidina e cloridrato de tetraciclina promoveram interferência falso-negativa no parâmetro hemoglobina, em concentração supraterapêutica; o difosfato de cloroquina interferiu também em concentração terapêutica e o sulfato de quinina nas três concentrações testadas. O pH sofreu interferências positivas na concentração terapêutica do carbonato de lítio e na supraterapêutica da cimetidina, enquanto os cloridratos de ciprofloxacino e tetraciclina, bem como o sulfato de quinina, acidificaram a urina. No parâmetro proteína, o cloridrato de ciprofloxacino e o sulfato de quinina apresentaram interferência falso-positiva só na concentração supraterapêutica, enquanto o difosfato de cloroquina interferiu também na concentração terapêutica. Não foram observadas interferências positivas nos parâmetros bilirrubina, urobilinogênio e esterase de leucócitos. No parâmetro nitrito, nenhuma interferência foi observada. Algumas das interferências analíticas encontradas estão sendo relatadas pela primeira vez, demonstrando a necessidade de mais estudos nesta área. A qualidade das informações do fabricante do produto utilizado foi considerada inadequada, recomendando-se maior cuidado na sua elaboração. The urinalysis provides information about renal and urinary diseases, as well as about some extra-renal diseases. Due to its simplicity and low cost, it is considered a routine examination. Drugs can modify laboratorial results through pharmacological, physical and chemical mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of analytical interference of 24 drugs in the chemical examination of urine. The analysis of reagent strips# parameters with Multistix® 10 SG Bayer was done comparing the results of control urines (drug free) and drugs supplemented urines. The methodology was based on an internationally adopted protocol for studies of analytical interferences. The evaluation of interference potencial was done in supratherapeutical, therapeutical and subtherapeutical concentrations, which were estimated based on dose and pharmacokinetical data. Interferences were not detected in the tested concentrations to acyclovir, amoxicillin, atenolol, potassic diclofenac, lisinopril, metoprolol tartarate, metronidazole, ofloxacin, piracetam and zidovudine. The parameter ketone showed false-positive interference for captopril in supratherapeutical and therapeutical concentrations. Urine supplemented with lithium carbonate presented false-negative interference in the parameter density. In this parameter captopril, cefalexin, cimetidine, chloroquine difosfate, as well as the hydrochloride salts of amantadine, ciprofloxacin, ephedrin, metformin, metoclopramide, ranitidin and tetracycline, beyond atropine sulfate and quinine sulfate provoked false-positive interference in the tested concentrations. There were false-negative interferences for glucose in urines containing captopril, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and chloroquine diphosphate in supratherapeutical concentrations. Captopril, cimetidine and tetracycline hydrochlorides promoted false-negative interference in hemoglobin, in supratherapeutical concentrations; chloroquine diphosphate also interfered in therapeutical concentration and quinine sulphate in all the three tested concentrations. Urines spiked with lithium carbonate (therapeutical) and cimetidine (supratherapeutical) presented positive interferences in pH; ciprofloxacin and tetracycline hydrochlorides, as well quinine sulfate diminished urinary pH. In the parameter protein, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and quinine sulfate presented false-positive interference only in the supratherapeutical concentration, while chloroquine difosfate also interfered in therapeutical concentration. Positive interferences were not observed in bilirubin, urobilinogen and leukocytes esterase. No interference was observed to nitrite. Some of these analytical interferences are being described for the first time, what showed up the necessity of more studies in this field.
Domingos, Ana Sofia Marques. "Determinação de antidepressivos em plasma e urina." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1764.
Full textDepression situations are increasing every year. Initial treatment measures are often non-effective, and this can be due to the lack of an early diagnosis, leading to an increase in the number of patients with chronic disease. As a consequence, the consumption of antidepressant drugs also increases. In Portugal, and according to the published data by Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde I.P. (INFARMED) referring to the year 2000, antidepressant and psychotropic medicines were included in the top 10 of the most burdensome therapeutic groups to the public treasury. The prescription of new generation antidepressants, such as the selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake, has increased in recent years, as these are less toxic and present fewer side effects. However, this class of drugs is not always effective, thus tricyclic antidepressants and is monoaminoxidase inhibitors are still being largely prescribed; the toxicity of these drugs is high, and they are often used in suicides. The objective of this work was the development and comparison of several techniques for sample preparation, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE), for the detection of nine selected antidepressants in plasma and urine. Several different solvents and SPE cartridges (and sorbents) have been used, and extracts were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a photodiode array detector (PDA). We have studied nine antidepressants, and these were amitriptyline, nortryptiline, clomipramine, dothiepin, mianserine, trazodone, fluoxetine, sertraline and protriptyline (internal standard). The studied parameters included selectivity, absolute recovery and detection limits, and these were evaluated taking into account internationally accepted criteria for bioanalytical method validation. The obtained recovery values were between 16-82% for LLE and 42-97% for SPE. In general, SPE-based techniques have shown more suitability for the determination of such compounds in these biological fluids due to the presence of less endogenous interferences. Moreover, this technique is more easily automated. Finally, it was further possible to demonstrate that the instrumentation used in this study (HPLC/PDA) is an useful and accessible analytical tool to any laboratory for the first stage of optimization of extraction methods, reserving more expensive techniques [e.g. LC/MS (MS) or UPLC/MS (MS)] for the subsequent validation of the developed analytical methods.
Rodrigues, Maria Heloisa Corrêa. "Concentração de flúor nas unhas e na urina: comparação entre crianças que receberam água natural ou artificialmente fluoretada, sal ou leite fluoretado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25142/tde-03092007-161028/.
Full textThis study compared the fluoride (F) intake from diet and dentifrice, as well as 24-hour urinary F excretion of children receiving systemic F from different sources: artificially fluoridated water (A-Brazil, 0.6-0.8 mgF/L), naturally fluoridated water (B-Brazil, 0.6-0.9 mgF/L), fluoridated salt (C-Peru, 180-200 mgF/Kg) and fluoridated milk (D-Peru, 250 mL of milk containing 1.0 mgF/L). Children (n=21-26) aged 4-6 years old participated in each community. A non-fluoridated (<0.1 mgF/L) Brazilian community (E) was evaluated as control (n=24). Children had their F intake from diet monitored by the \"duplicate plate\" method, considering its different constituents (water, other liquids and solids). F ingested from dentifrice was determined by simulated toothbrushings. Twenty-four hour urinary F excretion was also evaluated. F was analyzed with the electrode, after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion or after buffering with TISAB. Data were tested by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn´s post hoc tests and linear regression (p<0.05). Mean (±SD) total F intake (mg/Kg b.w./day) was 0.065±0.030a, 0.084±0.029a, 0.088±0.044a, 0.088±0.052a and 0.027±0.022b for A, B, C, D and E, respectively. Considering diet only, it was 0.042±0.012b, 0.058±0.016a,b, 0.048±0.023a,b, 0.059±0.012a and 0.007±0.004c, respectively. The main dietary contributors for A/B and C/D/E were water and solids, respectively. Mean F intake from dentifrice ranged between 0.020 (E) and 0.040 (C) mg/Kg b.w./day and was not significantly different among the communities. Mean (±SD) 24-h urinary F excretion (mg) was 0.693±0.198a, 0.625±0.297a,b, 0.808±0.305a, 0.666±0.194a and 0.478±0.321b for A, B, C, D and E, respectively. There was a significant correlation between daily F intake from diet and urinary F excretion (r=0.355, p<0.0001) and total intake (diet and dentifrice) and urinary F excretion (r=0.278, p=0.002). There was a significant correlation between urinary F excretion and fluoride concentration in fingernails (r=0.237, p=0.010) and toenails (r=0.221, p=0.016) and a strong correlation between F concentration from fingernails and toenails (r=0.730, p<0.0001). The results indicate that the total F intake of children must be taken into account before a systemic method of fluoridation is implemented.
Toledo, Antonio Cesar Teixeira de. "Estudo de tratamento químico de urina para redução no consumo de água em descargas residenciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-04022014-091025/.
Full textThe following work proposes an alternative to reduce water consumption in residential toilets by treating urine chemically, making it possible to wait longer until actually flushing the toilet. The process consists in using a tablet capable of neutralizing the components responsible for urine\'s smell and color by reacting them with the tablet\'s main component, Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, NADCC, which also is an antibacterial agent, being able to remain active for a certain period of time. Besides, the addition of an environment saturation indicator is proposed to optimize the effects over the aesthetic and sanitary - odor, color and bacterial presence - aspects. The process includes the advantage of having a low cost, stimulating the change of certain paradigms by inducing people to acknowledge the importance of reducing water consumption at their houses.
Vareli, Catiuscia Souza. "Desenvolvimento e validação de método para determinação de etilenotiouréia em urina empregando HPLC UV." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10425.
Full textPara atender a demanda mundial por alimentos, é essencial o emprego de pesticidas para proteger as culturas contra doenças e pragas, mas o uso imprudente e indiscriminado destes compostos pode resultar em contaminação dos alimentos e seus derivados, bem como no ambiente como um todo, aumentando, dessa forma, a preocupação em relação ao emprego dos pesticidas. Os pesticidas etileno-bisditiocarbamatos, da classe dos ditiocarbamatos, estão entre os fungicidas mais empregados em todo o mundo para o controle de pragas. Apesar de possuírem baixa toxicidade, um de seus produtos de degradação, a etilenotiouréia (ETU), é um metabólito tóxico, a qual possui efeitos teratogênicos, carcinogênicos, imunotóxicos e mutagênicos. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se e validou-se um método cromatográfico para a determinação dos resíduos de ETU em urina, empregando-se extração líquidolíquido e quantificação por HPLC-UV. O procedimento desenvolvido consiste na extração do analito de interesse, com 6 mL de diclorometano, adicionando-se MgSO4 para auxiliar no processo de partição, ou seja, distribuição do composto entre as fases orgânica e aquosa. Posteriormente, centrifugou-se e evaporou-se uma alíquota do sobrenadante em banho de água à 44 ºC, redissolvendo-se em água purificada e analisa-se em sistema HPLC, injetando-se 50 μL em coluna C18 com fase móvel MeOH:H2O (10:90; v/v) e detecção por absorção de luz em 233 nm. Para a validação do método avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: limite de detecção (LOD), limite de quantificação (LOQ), linearidade, precisão (repetitividade e precisão intermediária) e exatidão (recuperação). O LOD do método foi de 0,05 mg ETU L-1 e o LOQ 0,2 mg ETU L-1. As curvas analíticas apresentaram r2 > 0,998 com linearidade entre 0,05 e 1,0 mg ETU L-1. Os resultados de precisão foram excelentes, com valores de desvio padrão relativo entre 1,7 e 2,7%, e as recuperações foram de 85,6 a 95,4% para 3 níveis de fortificação: 0,05, 0,1 e 0,5 mg ETU L-1. Através dos resultados obtidos na validação, pode-se concluir que o método é apropriado para determinar resíduos de etilenotiouréia em urina. O método tem várias vantagens como: simplicidade, rapidez, e poder ser executado com equipamentos geralmente disponíveis nos laboratórios. Entretanto, poderia apresentar resultados ainda melhores em termos de sensibilidade, seletividade e confirmação da identidade da ETU, se fosse possível, por exemplo, a utilização de cromatógrafo à líquido acoplado à espectrômetro de massas, onde a pureza dos picos cromatográficos poderia ser avaliada e a detectabilidade poderia ser 3 ordens de magnitude menor (1000 vezes).
Silva, Júnior Jarbas Miguel da. "Excreção urinária de derivados de purinas e de compostos nitrogenados de zebuínos em pastejo." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5825.
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This study aimed evaluating the excretion of purine derivatives and nitrogen compounds in zebu cattle grazing, on different days and times within days. The experiment was conducted in the cattle department of the Federal University of Viçosa / MG, using five Nelore heifers with an average body weight of 300 ± 15 kg and 20 months of age, in 5x5 Latin square design. The experimental treatments were defined to represent those commonly used in the dry season, as follows: control (mineral salt), concentrated with 20.31% crude protein (CP) on dry matter (DM) being offered (OF) level of 0.5 to 1% of body weight fasted (BWF) OF5 and OF10, respectively; and two concentrated self- regulating (SR) consumption, containing 69.38% CP on a DM basis (20% urea and 20% salt) offered ad libitun (SR70) and other concentrate containing 39.73% CP based on MS being offered ad libitum (SR40). The experimental periods was 18 days, with one day to perform 14 hours of fasting for weighing and adjustment of the quantities supplied, 12 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and five for total collection of urine and stool sample at the times of 0h00a.m. to 4h00a.m, 4h00a.m. to 8:00a.m., 8:00a.m. to 12:00p.m., 12:00p.m. to 4:00p.m., 4:00p.m. to 8:00p.m. and 20:00p.m. to 0:00a.m. For total collection of urine was used probe Folley number 26, coupled to polyethylene hose leading to a urine collection bag for urine closed system, which was emptied every two hours in the range of 8:00a.m. to 8:00p.m., and every four hours in the range from 8:00p.m. to 8:00a.m. and subsequently homogenized and cooled. The collected urine sampling was performed every four hours, measuring the volume, and withdrawing one sample were diluted in H 2 SO 4 at 0,036N and another don't diluted. To estimate fecal output, used the titanium dioxide, provided the total daily amount of 15g, between 9 th and 18 th day of each period. To estimate the intake of pasture, used the indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) as internal indicator. Was performed by collecting pasture technique for determining the square potentially digestible dry matter (PDDM) on the third day of each experimental period, and on days 14 th and 18 th was held grazing simulation to estimate the consumption of constituents of diets. In urine samples the concentrations of creatinine, total nitrogen, urea, uric acid and allantoin. For statistical analysis we used the statistical program SAS Proc Mixed. Dry matter intake 10was higher (P<0.05) for the treatment OF10 compared to SR70, SR40 and control treatments but was not different (P>0.05) treatment OF5. The CP intake increased by supplementation (P<0.05), which caused no effect on DM intake from pasture. Excretions of creatinine did not change treatment, day and sampling period (P>0.05) and had a mean of 23.03 ± 0.30 mg / kgPC. Urinary relations of allantoin (Al) and uric acid (UA) with creatinine were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments, collection days and times of collection. The total nitrogen relations:creatinine and urea nitrogen:creatinine in urine showed interaction (P<0.05) between treatment and sampling period. The relationship between urea nitrogen:total nitrogen was influenced (P<0.05) only at time of collection. The nitrogen balance (NB) in g/day did not differ between treatments OF10, SR70 and SR40, however these had higher retention of N (P<0.05) than treatments OF5 and control, which were not different. The NB, in g/ging, showed differences (P<0.05) between treatments with concentrated, which did not differ (P> 0.05), and control treatment, with the lowest NB. The production of microbial N was not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. The microbial efficiency gPBmic/kgMOD and gPBmic/kgNDT was affected (P<0.05) by supplementation, being higher (P<0.05) for OF5, OF10 and SR70 treatments, which did not differ. The control and OF5, treatments had the lowest values were similar. The lack of effect of day and the collection period on allantoin and uric acid compared with creatinine has wide practical application, enabling use spot urine sample to calculate the excretion of purine derivatives at any time of day or night, and consequently the microbial production. Depending on the variations observed for total nitrogen and urea nitrogen relations with creatinine over 24 hours is not recommended the use of a single spot urine sample for determination of these nitrogen compounds.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com os objetivos de avaliar a excreção dos derivados de purinas e de compostos nitrogenados em zebuínos em pastejo, em diferentes dias e períodos dentro de dias. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de gado de corte da Universidade Federal de Viçosa/MG, utilizando-se cinco novilhas Nelore com peso corporal médio de 300 ± 15kg e 20 meses de idade, distribuídas em quadrado latino 5x5. Os tratamentos experimentais foram definidos para representar aqueles normalmente utilizados na época seca do ano, sendo eles: controle (sal mineral), concentrado com 20,31% de proteína bruta (PB) com base na matéria seca (MS) sendo oferecido (OF) em nível de 0,5 e 1% do peso corporal em jejum (PCJ), OF5 e OF10, respectivamente; e dois concentrados autorreguladores (AR) de consumo, um contendo 69,38% PB com base na MS (20% de ureia e 20% de sal) ofertado ad libitun (AR70) e outro concentrado contendo 39,73% PB com base na MS sendo ofertado ad libitum (AR40). Os períodos experimentais possuíram 18 dias, sendo o dia um para realização de jejum de 14 horas para pesagem e ajuste das quantidades fornecidas, 12 para adaptação dos animais às dietas experimentais e cinco para a coleta total de urina e amostral de fezes, nos horários das 0h00 às 4h00, 4h00 às 8h00, 8h00 às 12h00, 12h00 às 16h00, 16h00 às 20h00 e 20h00 às 24h00. Para a coleta total de urina utilizou-se sonda de Folley no26, acoplada a mangueira de polietileno que conduziu a urina até uma bolsa coletora de urina por sistema fechado, que foi esvaziada a cada duas horas no intervalo das 8h00 às 20h00, e a cada quatro horas no intervalo das 20h00 às 8h00, sendo posteriormente homogeneizadas e resfriadas. A amostragem da urina coletada foi realizada a cada 4 horas, medindo-se o volume e retirando-se duas amostras, uma diluída com solução H2SO4 0,036N e não diluida. Para determinação da excreção fecal, utilizou-se o dioxido de titânio, fornecido na quantidade total diária de 15g, entre os dias 9 e 18 de cada período. Para estimativa do consumo de pasto, utilizou-se a fibra indigestível em detergente neutro (FDNi), como indicador interno. Realizou-se coleta de pasto pela técnica do quadrado para determinação da matéria seca potencialmente digestível (MSpd) no terceiro dia de cada período experimental, e nos dias 14o e 18o realizou-se simulação de pastejo para estimar os consumos dos constituintes das dietas. Nas amostras de urina foram determinadas as concentrações de creatinina, nitrogênio total, ureia, acido úrico e alantoína. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o programa estatístico Proc Mixed do SAS. O consumo de MS foi superior (P<0,05) para o tratamento OF10 em relação aos tratamentos AR70, AR40 e controle, mas não diferiu (P>0,05) do tratamento OF5. O consumo de PB aumentou com a suplementação (P<0,05), que não causou efeito sobre o consumo de MS do pasto. As excreções de creatinina não sofreram efeito de tratamento, dia e período de coleta (P>0,05) e apresentaram média de 23,03 ± 0,30 mg/kgPC. As relações urinárias da alantoína (Al) e do ácido úrico (AU) com a creatinina não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos, dias de coleta e horários de coleta. As relações nitrogênio total:creatinina e nitrogênio ureico:creatinina na urina apresentaram interação (P<0,05) entre tratamento e período de coleta. A relação entre nitrogênio ureico:nitrogênio total foi influenciada (P<0,05) apenas pelo horário de coleta. O balanço de compostos nitrogenados (BN), em g/dia, não diferiu entre os tratamentos OF10, AR70 e AR40, contudo esses apresentaram maiores retenções de N (P<0,05) que os tratamentos OF5 e controle, que não foram diferentes. O BN, em g/ging, apresentou diferença (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos com concentrado, que não diferiram entre si (P>0,05), e tratamento controle, que apresentou o menor BN. A produção de compostos nitrogenados microbianos não foi alterada (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos. A eficiência microbiana, em gPBmic/kgMOD e gPBmic/kgNDT foi afetada (P<0,05) pela suplementação, sendo maior (P<0,05) para os tratamentos OF5, OF10 e AR70, que não diferiram entre si. Os tratamentos controle e OF5, apresentaram os menores valores e foram semelhantes entre si. A ausência de efeito de dia e do período de coleta sobre a relação alantoína e ácido úrico com a creatinina tem grande aplicação prática, possibilitando utilizar a amostra spot de urina para calcular a excreção de derivados de purinas em qualquer horário do dia ou da noite, e consequentemente a produção microbiana. Em função das variações observadas para as relações nitrogênio ureico e nitrogênio total com a creatinina ao longo do período de 24 horas não se recomenda o uso de uma única amostra spot de urina para determinação destes compostos nitrogenados.
Heesakkers, Johannes Petrus Franciscus Antonius. "Dynamic urinary graciloplasty." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6278.
Full textKristjánsson, Ársæll Axel. "Urinary diversion long-term renal function and morphology and consequences for metabolism /." Lund : Dept. of Urology, Lund University Hospital, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39055928.html.
Full textOlafsson, Jonas. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Urine Samples : a Comparison between Standardised and Direct Disk Diffusion Testing together with Direct Species Identification using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time of Flight." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27645.
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