Artículos de revistas: "Chromophobia"

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BOLMAN, Elizabeth S. "Late Antique Aesthetics, Chromophobia and the Red Monastery, Sohag, Egypt". Eastern Christian Art 3 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/eca.3.0.2018699.

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2

Horton, W. "Overcoming chromophobia: a guide to the confident and appropriate use of color". IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 34, n.º 3 (1991): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/47.84110.

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3

Fine, Steven. "Menorahs in Color: Polychromy in Jewish Visual Culture of Roman Antiquity". Images 6, n.º 1 (2012): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340001.

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Abstract In recent years, polychromy has developed as a significant area of research in the study of classical art. This essay explores the significance of this work for interpreting Jewish visual culture during Roman antiquity, through the focal lens of the Arch of Titus Digital Restoration Project. In July 2012, this project discovered that the Arch of Titus menorah was originally colored with yellow ochre paint. The article begins by presenting the general field of polychromy research, which has developed in recent years and resulted in significant museum exhibitions in Europe and the US. It then turns to resistance to polychromy studies among art historians, often called “chromophobia,” and to uniquely Jewish early twentieth-century variants that claimed that Jews were especially prone to colorblindness. After surveying earlier research on polychromy in Jewish contexts, we turn to polychromy in ancient Palestinian synagogue literature and art. Finally, the article explores the significance of polychromy for the study of the Arch of Titus menorah panel, and more broadly considers the importance of polychromy studies for contextualizing Jewish attitudes toward Roman religious art (avodah zarah).

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Kogan, E. А., Y. I. Osmanov, V. I. Shchekin, G. А. Demyashkin y A. V. Kaem. "MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC ASPECTS OF HYBRID KIDNEY TUMOR". Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, n.º 2 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-2-13-21.

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A hybrid oncocytic/chromophobic tumor or a low malignant oncocytic tumor is not officially included in the clas- sification of 2016 WHO kidney tumors, however, in the literature, some authors consider this tumor as an independent nosological unit. A number of authors describe a hybrid oncocytic / chromophobic tumor consisting exclusively of relatively small oxyphilic cells resembling both oncocytes and chromophobic renal carcinoma cells at the same time. The development of morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for a hybrid oncocytic / chromophobic tumor is an important link in the differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinomas with oncocytic morphology. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the morphological, histochemical, immunophenotypic parameters of oncocytoma, chromophobic renal cell carcinoma and hybrid oncocytic / chromophobic tumor. Materials and methods. The study was performed on operational material from 162 patients undergoing surgical treatment at the Urological Clinic I. M. Sechenov and the Urology Center of the Scientific Clinical Center (NCC) of Russian Railways for kidney oncocytoma and chromophobic renal cell carcinoma from 2011 to 2017. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections according to the standard protocol. Antibodies used: EABA, Caveolin-1, MOC31, CyclinD1, CD10, CD117, EpCAM, CK7, DOG1, CAM5.2, CK19, E-Cadherin, Parvalbumin, KSC, PAX2, PAX8, S100A1 and MUC-1. Results. Based on the performed morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of 162 tumors in 61 (38%) cases revealed oncocytoma, in 35 (22%) showed cases classical chromophobic renal cell carcinoma, in 59 (36%) samples eosinophilic chromophobic renal cell carcinoma and 7 (4%) cases had a hybrid oncocytic/ chromophobic tumor. Conclusion. In some cases, a hybrid oncocytic / chromophobic tumor can be represented exclusively from “hybrid” cells with borderline signs of oncocytoma and eosinophilic chromophobic renal cell carcinoma.

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Govedarovic, Vitomir, Sanja Radojevic-Skodric, Dragan Mitrovic, Claudia Müller, Gerhard Müller y Jasmina Markovic-Lipkovski. "Expression of Fas and Fas-L in renal cell carcinoma". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, n.º 5-6 (2006): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0606213g.

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Introduction: The previous investigations revealed that Fas-L expression on tumor cells can be one of the reasons of tumor growth, or tumor regression, with or without activation of the immune response. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the expression of Fas and Fas-L in situ in normal human renal tissue as well as in different types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) according to tumor grading. Method: Expression of Fas and Fas-L was examined in 25 RCCs classified according to nuclear grades: G1-G3 and to cell type: 17 clear cells, 3 chromophilics (2 eosinophilics, 1 basophilic), 2 chromophobes and 3 spindle cells. Ten normal human kidneys were analyzed, too. Indirect immunoperoxidase technique was applied. Spread and intensity of staining of Fas and Fas-L molecules expression were scored semiquantitatively. Results: Distribution of Fas expression in these RCC was typically diffuse. However, Fas-L was almost completely absent in clear cell RCC. In 3 clear cell RCC, some tumor stromal cells exhibited strong expression of Fas-L. On the contrary, chromophilic, chromophobe and spindle cell RCCs grading from G2- G3, manifested variable combinations of Fas and Fas-L expression. Conclusion: The most of clear cell type low grade RCCs manifested intensive and extensive expression of Fas and completely absence of Fas-L. However, RCCs of high grade malignancy belonging to the clear cell, eosinophilic, chromophobe or spindle cell types can have various combinations of Fas and Fas-L expression. It may probably lead to development of different mechanisms of avoidance of immune response to RCC.

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6

Eaton, Natasha. "Chromophobic Activism". Third Text 28, n.º 6 (2 de noviembre de 2014): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2014.970769.

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Hålenius, Ulf y Bengt Lindqvist. "Chromophoric divalent iron in optically anisotropic magnussonite". European Journal of Mineralogy 8, n.º 1 (22 de febrero de 1996): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/8/1/0025.

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8

Hornsby, Christopher D., Cynthia Cohen, Mahul B. Amin, Maria M. Picken, Diane Lawson, Qiqin Yin-Goen y Andrew N. Young. "Claudin-7 Immunohistochemistry in Renal Tumors: A Candidate Marker for Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Identified by Gene Expression Profiling". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2007): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1541-ciirta.

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Abstract Context.—The differential diagnosis of eosinophilic renal tumors can be difficult by light microscopy. In particular, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is difficult to distinguish from oncocytoma. This differential diagnosis is important because chromophobe RCC is malignant, whereas oncocytoma is benign. Furthermore, chromophobe RCC has distinct malignant potential and prognosis compared with eosinophilic variants of other RCC subtypes. Immunohistochemistry is useful for distinguishing chromophobe RCC from other subtypes of renal carcinoma, but no expression marker reliably separates chromophobe RCC from oncocytoma. Objective.—In a previous gene expression microarray analysis of renal tumor subtypes, we found the distal nephron markers claudin-7 and claudin-8 to be overexpressed in chromophobe RCC versus oncocytoma and other tumor subtypes. We have confirmed similar findings in independent microarray data and validated differential claudin-7 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Design.—Immunohistochemical analysis of claudin-7 in 36 chromophobe RCCs, 43 oncocytomas, 42 clear cell RCCs, and 29 papillary RCCs. Results.—Membranous claudin-7 expression was detected in 67% chromophobe RCCs, compared with 0% clear cell RCCs, 28% papillary RCCs, and 26% oncocytomas (P < .001). Conclusions.—Based on microarray and immunohistochemical data, we propose claudin-7 to be a candidate expression marker for distinguishing chromophobe RCC from other renal tumor subtypes, including the morphologically similar oncocytoma. The clinical utility of claudin-7 should be validated in independent studies of renal tumors, possibly in combination with additional targets in a multiplex immunohistochemical panel.

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9

Liu, Lina, Junqi Qian, Harpreet Singh, Isabelle Meiers, Xiaoge Zhou y David G. Bostwick. "Immunohistochemical Analysis of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma, Renal Oncocytoma, and Clear Cell Carcinoma: An Optimal and Practical Panel for Differential Diagnosis". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2007): 1290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1290-iaocrc.

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Abstract Context.—The separation of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, oncocytoma, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma using light microscopy remains problematic in some cases. Objective.—To determine a practical immunohistochemical panel for the differential diagnosis of chromophobe carcinoma. Design.—Vimentin, glutathione S-transferase α (GST-α), CD10, CD117, cytokeratin (CK) 7, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) were investigated in 22 cases of chromophobe carcinoma, 17 cases of oncocytoma, and 45 cases of clear cell carcinoma. Results.—Vimentin and GST-α expression were exclusively observed in clear cell carcinoma. CD10 staining was more frequently detected in clear cell carcinoma (91%) than in chromophobe carcinoma (45%) and oncocytoma (29%). CD117 was strongly expressed in chromophobe carcinoma (82%) and oncocytoma (100%), whereas none of the cases of clear cell carcinomas were immunoreactive. Cytokeratin 7 was positive in 18 (86%) of 22 cases of chromophobe carcinoma, whereas all oncocytomas were negative for CK7. EpCAM protein was expressed in all 22 cases of chromophobe carcinoma in more than 90% of cells, whereas all EpCAM-positive oncocytomas (5/17; 29%) displayed positivity in single cells or small cell clusters. Conclusions.—Using the combination of 3 markers (vimentin, GST-α, and EpCAM), we achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the differential diagnosis of chromophobe carcinoma, oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma. The pattern of “vimentin−/GST-α−” effectively excluded clear cell carcinoma, and homogeneous EpCAM expression confirmed the diagnosis of chromophobe carcinoma rather than oncocytoma. CD117 and CK7 were also useful markers and could be used as second-line markers for the differential diagnosis, with high specificity (100%) and high sensitivity (90% and 86%, respectively).

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10

Baranovska, V. V., A. M. Romanenko y L. M. Zakhartseva. "HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA". Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, n.º 1 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):15-23.

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Introduction. Renal neoplasms are a common disease. Differential diagnostics of different tumor subtypes for prognosis and treatment is necessary given that some of them, like renal cell oncocytomas, are benign, and others, like chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, are malignant. Unfortunately, the histological similarity between these tumors makes accurate diagnostics difficult. In some cases, additional diagnostic methods such as immunohistochemistry should be used. The aim of our study is to analyze the histological characteristics of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and renal oncocytomas, in order to specify their pathognomonic features, allowing for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Materials and methods. We used data from histories of disease and histological postoperative material of 198 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. After the diagnosis was confirmed, we described the histological features of the tumors and calculated their relative prevalence amongst the renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma tissues. To conclude, we identified the histological features that are more likely to be present in the case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are present in 31 % of our samples. Tumors are more prevalent in patients in their sixth and seventh decade. Most chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are unilateral. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas have a polymorphic histological structure. The classic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is more common than the eosinophilic one. A mixed variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is present in a minority of cases. The most common features of ChRCC are solid and alveolar growth patterns, clear and reticular cytoplasm, raisinoid nuclei. After comparing the relative prevalence of various histological features in renal oncocytomas to those present in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, we are able to ascertain that chromophobe renal cell carcinomas tend to exhibit the following features significantly more often than renal oncocytomas: differing nuclear size, raisinoid nuclei, reticular cytoplasm, clear cytoplasm. The particular features mentioned in the preceding paragraph, can be present on a small subset of the tumor tissue, and are thus, often missed during analysis, which can lead to misdiagnosis. In order to mitigate this risk, we recommend analyzing a big sample of tumor tissue and using additive methods such as immunohistochemistry with biomarkers CD 10 (56C6), CD 68 (KP1), Cytokeratin 7 (OV-TL 12/30), CD117/c-kit, Vimentin (Vim3B4), S-100 (4C4.9).

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11

Chandran, Ambily, Sunny Kuriakose y Tessymol Mathew. "Thermal and Photoresponsive Studies of Starch Modified with 2-(5-(4-Dimethylamino-benzylidine)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic Acid". International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2012 (9 de diciembre de 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/356563.

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The present study describes the synthesis of a chromophoric system 2-(5-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidin)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid and its incorporation into starch through esterification of the hydroxyl group by the free carboxyl function of the chromophoric system by DCC coupling. The products were characterized by UV-visible, fluorescence, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic methods. The newly developed system was subjected to photoresponsive studies such as light absorption, light stabilization and fluorescence emission. The free chromophoric system and the coupled product were also subjected to thermal analysis. The results show that modification enhances the light absorption and light fastening properties of the chromophoric system. Thermal stability of the polymeric system greatly enhances on attaching the chromophoric system. In view of these results the newly developed system is proposed as a nature friendly, green, and photoactive product which could find application in dyes, inks, paints, and so forth.

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12

Bříza, Tomáš, Zdeněk Kejík, Petr Vašek, Jarmila Králová, Pavel Martásek, Ivana Císařová y Vladimír Král. "Chromophoric Binaphthyl Derivatives". Organic Letters 7, n.º 17 (agosto de 2005): 3661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol051139n.

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13

Claudot-Hawad, Hélène y Bernard Lafargue. "« Kaleidoscorps » : entre polychromie et chromophobie". Corps 3, n.º 2 (2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/corp.003.0013.

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14

Bonsib, Stephen M. y Donna J. Lager. "Chromophobe Cell Carcinoma". American Journal of Surgical Pathology 14, n.º 3 (marzo de 1990): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199003000-00007.

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15

Lin, Tsu-Feng, Wun-Rong Lin, Marcelo Chen, Shuen-Han Dai, Fang-Ju Sun, Wei-Kung Tsai y Allen W. Chiu. "Compare fuhrman nuclear and chromophobe tumor grade on chromophobe RCC". Open Medicine 14, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2019): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2019-0032.

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AbstractBackgroundChromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) has a favorable prognosis. Due to irregular nuclei and nuclear pleomorphism, chRCC has a high Fuhrman nuclear grade (FNG). The chromophobe tumor grade (CTG) is a novel three-tier grading system that has been reported to be a better prognosticator than the traditional FNG. We compared the two nuclear grading systems in terms of patients’ clinical outcomes.Patients and MethodWe performed this retrospective chart review of all patients with chRCC from 2000 to 2017. All pathologic features and CTG and FNG results were re-evaluated.ResultEighteen patients’ records were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 70.6 months. The nuclear grading distribution was as follows: FNG 2, 56%; FNG 3, 39%; FNG 4, 5%; CTG 1, 78%; CTG 2, 17%; and CTG 3, 6%. Only one patient died. This patient had adrenal invasion, lung metastasis, sarcomatoid change and tumor necrosis, and the tumor was graded as FNG 4 and CTG 3. Overall survival was associated with both FNG and CTG.ConclusionChromophobe RCC was associated with a low rate of cancer-specific death and sarcomatoid differentiation. Both FNG and CTG were associated with overall survival.

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Alharbi, Abdullah, Maram S. Al Turki, Noura Aloudah y Khaled O. Alsaad. "Incidental Eosinophilic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma in Renal Allograft". Case Reports in Transplantation 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4232474.

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The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in renal allograft in transplant recipients is 0.22–0.25%. De novo clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCCs and RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation originating in renal allograft have been reported. Routine surveillance for graft tumours is not routinely practiced and these tumours are commonly asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. We describe a case of incidental, eosinophilic chromophobe RCC in a 31-year-old, long-term renal transplant male recipient, who presented with acute gastroenteritis 11 years after transplantation. The graft was nonfunctional at the time of presentation. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan demonstrated 1.8 cm well-defined, round enhancing lesion, confined to the renal allograft and suspicious for malignancy. Pathological examination of graft nephrectomy specimen showed gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of eosinophilic chromophobe RCC. Fifty-five months after surgery, the patient was alive and free of malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, only five chromophobe RCCs originating in a renal allograft were previously described in English literature. We suggest that chromophobe RCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal allograft mass, including eosinophilic tumours, and emphasise the importance of periodic screening of renal allograft in all renal transplant recipients.

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Bouadel, Noureddine, Fahd El Ayoubi, A. Anass Bennani-Baiti, Mohamed Anas Benbouzid, Leila Essakalli, Mohammed Kzadri y Ali El Ayoubi. "Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/814175.

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The metastasis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma to head and neck region, described herein, has never been reported before to our knowledge. A 56-year-old woman with a history of nephrectomy, that revealed chromophobe renal cell carcinoma six years before, presented left cervical mass. Imaging showed with left cervical lymphadenopathies and thyroid nodule. Surgery with histopathological examination confirmed that it was a left central and lateral jugular lymph node metastasis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma treated postoperatively by antiangiogenic therapy. The patient was successfully treated by surgery and antiangiogenic drugs with stabilization and no recurrence of the metastatic disease. The case and the literature reported here support that chromophobe renal cell carcinoma can metastasize to the head and neck region and should preferentially be treated with surgery and antiangiogenic therapy because of the associated morbidity and quality-of-life issues.

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18

Win, Aung Zaw y Carina Mari Aparici. "Omental Nodular Deposits of Recurrent Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Seen on FDG-PET/CT". Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 4 (23 de septiembre de 2014): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.141560.

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We present the case of a 69-year-old male with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Chromophobe RCC accounts for only 4% of renal cancers and it is the least aggressive type. Omental nodular deposits due to RCC metastasis are very rare and it is reported only in more aggressive forms of RCC. This is the first report that shows FluoroDeoxyGlucose – Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomgraphy (FDG-PET/CT) images of omental nodular deposits from chromophobe RCC. FDG-PET/CT is becoming very useful in restaging RCC with distant metastases.

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19

Pearson, Lauren, Douglas J. Taatjes, Michele von Turkovich, Benjamin J. King y Maryam Zenali. "A Composite Renal Tumor with Dual Differentiation, Chromophobe and Collecting Duct Carcinoma". Case Reports in Pathology 2018 (30 de agosto de 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2410920.

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Chromophobe carcinoma constitutes a small subset of all renal carcinomas. Within this category, rare tumors with divergent differentiation have been recognized. Herein, we report a rare case of composite chromophobe and collecting duct carcinoma and describe its pathologic and clinical features.

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20

Zhao, Long. "Effect of the second chromophore energy gap on photo-induced electron injection in di-chromophoric porphyrin-sensitized solar cells". Royal Society Open Science 5, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2018): 181218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181218.

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This work investigates the effect of the second chromophore energy gap on charge generation in porphyrin-based di-chromophoric dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Three di-chromophoric porphyrin dyes (PorY, PorO and PorR) containing three organic chromophores with decreasing frontier orbital energy offsets, including a carbazole-triphenylamine chromophore (yellow, Y), a carbazole fused-thiophene chromophore (orange, O) or a carbazole-thiophene benzothiadiazole thiophene chromophore (red, R), were investigated using optical and electrochemical methods, steady-state photoluminescence and photovoltaic device characterization. Energy transfer from the organic chromophore to the porphyrin was suggested in PorY and PorO as the main charge generation mechanism in DSSCs using these di-chromophoric dyes. On the other hand, electron transfer from the photo-excited porphyrin to the organic chromophore as a competing pathway leading to the loss of photocurrent is suggested for PorR-sensitized solar cells. The latter pathway leading to a loss of photocurrent is due to the lower lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the additional organic chromophore (R) and suggests the limitation of the current di-chromophoric approach to increase the overall efficiency of DSSCs.

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21

Yitzchaik, Shlomo y Tobin J. Marks. "Chromophoric Self-Assembled Superlattices". Accounts of Chemical Research 29, n.º 4 (enero de 1996): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar9501582.

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22

Ibrahim, Yehia A., Ahmed H. M. Elwahy y Gamal M. M. El-Kareish. "Synthesis of chromophoric bisazocrowndilactams". Heteroatom Chemistry 6, n.º 2 (marzo de 1995): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520060213.

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23

Schwartz, Erik, Stéphane Le Gac, Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen, Roeland J. M. Nolte y Alan E. Rowan. "Macromolecular multi-chromophoric scaffolding". Chemical Society Reviews 39, n.º 5 (2010): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b922160c.

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Lüders, C. y G. Kristiansen. "Onkozytom versus chromophobes Nierenkarzinom". Der Pathologe 37, n.º 2 (29 de febrero de 2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00292-016-0145-0.

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Semin, V. Ye y Yu K. Trunin. "Corticotropinomas. Early diagnosis and therapy (Lecture)". Problems of Endocrinology 40, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 1994): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11294.

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A systematic study of patients who died from various diseases shows the presence of pituitary tumors in 6.8-22.6% of cases. In fact, in many cases, neither doctors nor patients are even aware of their existence. This was first noticed by Costello in 1929. Using standard methods for staining autopsy material, he divided most tumors into 4 groups: chromophobic (52.8%), resembling eosinophilic (7.5%), basophilic (27.2% ), mixed (12.4%). These were the first steps in the study of pituitary adenomas. With the advent of adequate histochemical techniques, chromophobic adenomas began to be regarded as secretory-active. However, the high incidence of autopsy adenomas contrasts sharply with the relatively low incidence of clinically apparent tumors.

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Zhu, Qingqiang, Qing Xu, Weiqiang Dou, Wenrong Zhu, Jingtao Wu, Wenxin Chen y Jing Ye. "Diffusion kurtosis imaging features of renal cell carcinoma: a preliminary study". British Journal of Radiology 94, n.º 1122 (1 de junio de 2021): 20201374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20201374.

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Objective: To explore the feasibility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating different types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: 36 patients with clear cell RCC (CCRCC, low-grade,n = 20 and high-grade, n = 16), 19 with papillary RCC, 11 with chromophobe RCC, and 9 with collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) were examined with DKI technique. b values of 0, 500 and 1000 s/mm2 were adopted. The DKI parameters, i.e., mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK), kurtosis anisotropy (KA), radial kurtosis (RK) and signa-to-noise ration (SNR) of DKI images at different b values were used. Results: The mean SNRs of DKI images at b = 0, 500 and 1000 s/mm2 were 32.8, 14.2 and 9.18, respectively. For MD parameter, a significant higher value was shown in CCRCC than those of papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC and CDC (p < 0.05). In addition, both chromophobe RCC and CDC have larger MD values than papillary RCC (p < 0.05), however, there was no significant differences between chromophobe RCC and CDC (p > 0.05). For MK, KA and RK parameters, a significant higher value was shown in papillary RCC than those of CCRCC, chromophobe RCC and CDC (p < 0.05). Moreover, both chromophobe RCC and CDC have significantly larger values of MK, KA and RK than CCRCC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary study demonstrated significant differences in the DKI parameters between the subtypes of RCCs, given an adequate SNR of DKI images. Advances in knowledge: 1.The MD value is the best parameter to distinguish CCRCC from other RCCs. 2.The MK, KA and RK values are the best parameters to distinguish papillary RCC from other RCCs. 3.DKI is able to provide images with sufficient SNRs in kidney disease.

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Morell-Quadreny, L., M. Gregori-Romero y A. Llombart-Bosch. "Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". Pathology - Research and Practice 192, n.º 12 (enero de 1996): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0344-0338(96)80168-3.

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Przybycin, Christopher G., Angel M. Cronin, Farbod Darvishian, Anuradha Gopalan, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, Samson W. Fine, Ying-bei Chen et al. "Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". American Journal of Surgical Pathology 35, n.º 7 (julio de 2011): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0b013e31821a455d.

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Cheville, John C., Christine M. Lohse, William R. Sukov, Robert Houston Thompson y Bradley C. Leibovich. "Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". American Journal of Surgical Pathology 36, n.º 6 (junio de 2012): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0b013e3182496895.

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30

Megumi, Yuzuru y Kazuo Nishimura. "Chromophobe Cell Renal Carcinoma". Urologia Internationalis 61, n.º 3 (1998): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000030316.

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Peyromaure, Michaël, Vincent Misrai, Nicolas Thiounn, Annick Vieillefond, Marc Zerbib, Thierry A. Flam y Bernard Debré. "Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma". Cancer 100, n.º 7 (13 de febrero de 2004): 1406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20128.

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32

Fukushima, Tadao, Yoji Nagashima, Yukio Nakatani, Nobuko Nakarnura, Kiyoshi Fukasawa, Yoshiaki Satomi, Ken Yu, Yohei Miyagi, Ichiro Aoki y Kazuaki Misugi. "Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma". Pathology International 44, n.º 5 (12 de diciembre de 2008): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02942.x.

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Durham, Janet R., Mary Keohane y Mahul B. Amin. "Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". Advances in Anatomic Pathology 3, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1996): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199609000-00033.

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Jamal, Mohsin, Kanika Taneja, Sohrab Arora, Ravi Barod, Craig G. Rogers, Jessica Sanchez, Nilesh S. Gupta y Sean R. Williamson. "Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma With Retrograde Venous Invasion and Gain of Chromosome 21: Potential Harbingers of Aggressive Clinical Behavior". International Journal of Surgical Pathology 26, n.º 6 (21 de marzo de 2018): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896918763948.

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Occasionally, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with renal vein extension spreads against the flow of blood within vein branches into the kidney, forming multifocal nodules throughout the renal parenchyma. These foci are not regarded as multiple tumors but rather reverse spread of tumor along the venous system. This intravascular spread has previously been reported in clear cell RCC and RCC unclassified. However, to our knowledge, this has never been reported in chromophobe RCC. Chromophobe RCC is a unique histologic subtype of renal cancer, generally thought to have less aggressive behavior. However, it nonetheless has the potential to undergo sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, which is associated with poor prognosis. We report a unique case of a 65-year-old man with chromophobe RCC (pT3a) showing classic morphology (nonsarcomatoid), yet presenting with retrograde venous invasion and hilar lymph node metastasis at the time of right radical nephrectomy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed gain of chromosome 21 with loss of multiple other chromosomes. Partial hepatectomy was performed to resect metastatic RCC 7 months after nephrectomy, revealing chromophobe RCC with classic morphology. Bone biopsy confirmed skeletal metastases 38 months after initial diagnosis. Although invasion of the renal vein and retrograde venous invasion are characteristically seen in clear cell RCC, this unusual phenomenon may also occur in chromophobe RCC, despite its unique tumor biology. This and gain of chromosome 21, which was postulated to be associated with aggressive behavior in a previous report, were associated with adverse behavior in our patient, who had short-term progression to multi-organ metastatic disease.

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Li, Guorong, Michèle Cottier, Odile Sabido, Anne Gentil-Perret, Claude Lambert, Christian Genin y Jacques Tostain. "Different DNA Loidy Patterns for the Differentiation of Common Subtypes of Renal Tumors". Analytical Cellular Pathology 27, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2005): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/575769.

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Objectives: The common subtypes of renal tumors are conventional or clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytoma. Each subtype has its distinct histogenesis and clinical evolution. DNA ploidy is viewed as a marker of gross genomic aberrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the DNA ploidy in the common subtypes of renal tumors to increase our understanding of renal tumor biology and to broaden clinical application of DNA ploidy. Methods: 38 renal tumor samples (13 clear cell RCCs, 12 papillary RCCs, 7 chromophobe RCCs, and 6 oncocytomas) were studied. Five biopsies of different parts of each fresh tumor were subjected to a flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy. Results: All tumors except one papillary RCC generated interpretable DNA histograms. Flow cytometric analysis of oncocytomas showed the diploid pattern (29/30 frequencies) while the chromophobe RCC never showed the diploid pattern (0/55 frequencies) (p < 0.01). 3/7 chromopbobe RCCs possessed the hypodiploid stemline. The hypodiploid stemline appeared neither in conventional RCCs (0/63 frequencies) nor in papillary RCCs (0/50 frequencies). The diploid pattern was dominant in conventional and papillary RCCs. 10/13 (76.9%) of clear cell RCCs and 9/11 (81.8%) of papillary RCCs possessed a homogeneous DNA ploidy pattern while only 1/7 (14.3%) has a homogeneous DNA ploidy pattern. 6/7 chromophobe RCCs had multiple aneuploid stemlines. Conclusions: Flow cytometric analysis reveals that conventional and papillary RCCs are more homogeneous than chromophobe RCC. Each subtype of renal tumors possesses a specific DNA ploidy pattern. The analysis of DNA ploidy is useful for the differentiation of common subtypes of renal tumors in morphologically difficult cases.

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Weinzierl, Elizabeth P., Alan E. Thong, Jesse K. McKenney, Seung Hyun Jeon y Benjamin I. Chung. "Relating Prognosis in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Chromophobe Tumor Grading System". Korean Journal of Urology 55, n.º 4 (2014): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.4111/kju.2014.55.4.239.

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Erlmeier, F. "Chromophobes Nierenzellkarzinom – Diagnostik und Prognostik". Der Pathologe 40, S3 (11 de noviembre de 2019): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00292-019-00696-5.

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Goikhman, M. Ya, L. I. Subbotina, I. V. Gofman, A. V. Yakimanskii, A. E. Bursian, V. A. Lukoshkin, G. N. Fedorova et al. "Polyamidoimides with side chromophoric groups". Russian Chemical Bulletin 54, n.º 6 (junio de 2005): 1481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-005-0431-0.

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39

Motzer, Robert J., Jennifer Bacik, Tania Mariani, Paul Russo, Madhu Mazumdar y Victor Reuter. "Treatment Outcome and Survival Associated With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of Non–Clear-Cell Histology". Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 2002): 2376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.11.123.

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PURPOSE: To define outcome data for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with histology other than clear-cell type, including collecting duct (or medullary carcinoma), papillary, chromophobe, and unclassified histologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with metastatic non–clear-cell RCC histology were the subjects of this retrospective review. Included in the analysis were 22 (8%) of 286 patients from a clinical trials database, 19 of 1,166 patients from a surgery database, and 23 of 357 patients from a pathology database. RESULTS: The prevalent histology was collecting duct, present in 26 (41%) patients. The number of patients with chromophobe and papillary histologies was 12 (19%) and 18 (28%), respectively. Eight (12%) of the patients had tumors that could not be classified for specific tumor histology. Among the 43 patients treated with 86 systemic therapies, including 37 cytokine therapies, two patients (5%) were observed to have a partial response. The median overall survival time was 9.4 months (95% confidence interval, 8 to 14 months). The survival was longer for patients with chromophobe tumors compared with collecting duct or papillary histology, and this group included four patients with survival of greater than 3 years. CONCLUSION: RCC consists of a heterogeneous group of tumors including clear-cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct, and unclassified cell types. Non–clear-cell histologies constitute less than 10% of patients in general populations of patients with advanced RCC treated on clinical trials. Metastatic non–clear-cell RCC is characterized by a resistance to systemic therapy and poor survival, with the survival for patients with chromophobe tumors longer than that for patients with metastatic collecting duct or papillary RCC. Treatment with novel agents on clinical trials is warranted.

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Shin, Toshitaka, Tomoko Kan, Fuminori Sato y Hiromitsu Mimata. "Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis to Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A First Report". Case Reports in Urology 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/520839.

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Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon. From our review of the international literature, around 150 cases have been reported since it was first documented by Campbel in 1868. Renal clear cell carcinoma is well known to be the most common recipient of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in all tumors. However, renal chromophobe cell carcinoma has not been reported to be a recipient. Here, we report a first case of colorectal carcinoma metastatic to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

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Cohen, Ronald J., Sydney Weinstein, Terry Robertson, Loryn N. Sellner, Hugh J. S. Dawkins y John E. McNeal. "Variant Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2000): 904–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0904-vcrcc.

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Abstract Separation of renal cell tumors into different prognostic groups is an imperative function of the diagnostic pathologist. Recently, chromophobe renal carcinoma has been described as a tumor that is morphologically distinct from conventional “clear cell” carcinoma and that has a low metastatic potential. Identification is based on routine light microscopic features and is confirmed by special stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. We present a variant of chromophobe renal carcinoma that did not show the typical cytomorphologic features on light microscopy after formaldehyde fixation. After fixation in Solufix (a commercial fixative), these features were recognized and the diagnosis was confirmed. The tumor also showed an unusual form of calcification and psammoma body formation not previously recognized in chromophobe tumors. Molecular biological assessment was inconclusive, but excluded a chromosome 3p deletion usually found in conventional renal carcinoma. The use of a different primary fixative may provide a cost-effective screening tool to detect variant renal tumors and may have important prognostic implications.

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42

Gong, Yun, Xiaoping Sun, G. Kenneth Haines y Michael R. Pins. "Renal Cell Carcinoma, Chromophobe Type, With Collecting Duct Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid Components". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2003): e38-e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-e38-rccctw.

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Abstract We report a case of a 72-year-old man with a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that had both sarcomatoid and collecting duct carcinoma components. The 7-cm tumor occupied the entire lower pole of the kidney and infiltrated the renal parenchyma and the pelvic-calyceal system. Histologically, it had an area of classic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that merged into a sarcomatoid component. Closely intermixed with the sarcomatoid component was a collecting duct carcinoma component characterized by highly pleomorphic, epithelioid cells arranged in cords, nests, and tubulomicrocystic structures. The cords, nests, and tubules were associated with a florid desmoplastic stromal response and numerous inflammatory cells. In addition, dysplastic changes were noted in adjacent nonneoplastic collecting duct epithelium. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of 3 distinct components in this patient's tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid and collecting duct carcinoma components.

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Turkan, Sadi, Mehmet Kalkan, Hasan Basri Şener y Coşkun Şahin. "Giant Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma". Journal of Case Reports 5, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2015): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17659/01.2015.0002.

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Mai, Kien T., Prashant Dhamanaskar, Eric Belanger y William A. Stinson. "Hybrid chromophobe renal cell neoplasm". Pathology - Research and Practice 201, n.º 5 (junio de 2005): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2005.03.008.

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Noguchi, Sumio, Yoji Nagashima, Taro Shuin, Yoshinobu Kubota, Hitoshi Kitamura, Masahiro Yao y Masahiko Hosaka. "RENAL ONCOCYTOMA CONTAINING "CHROMOPHOBE" CELLS". International Journal of Urology 2, n.º 4 (septiembre de 1995): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1995.tb00473.x.

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46

Thoenes, W., St Störkel y H. J. Rumpelt. "Human chromophobe cell renal carcinoma". Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology 48, n.º 1 (enero de 1985): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02890129.

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47

Berdnikova, Daria V., Nikolai I. Sosnin, Olga A. Fedorova y Heiko Ihmels. "Governing the DNA-binding mode of styryl dyes by the length of their alkyl substituents – from intercalation to major groove binding". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, n.º 4 (2018): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob02736b.

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48

Cheng, Chih-Chia, Jyun-Jie Huang, Adem Ali Muhable, Zhi-Sheng Liao, Shan-You Huang, Shun-Chieh Lee, Chih-Wei Chiu y Duu-Jong Lee. "Supramolecular fluorescent nanoparticles functionalized with controllable physical properties and temperature-responsive release behavior". Polymer Chemistry 8, n.º 15 (2017): 2292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00276a.

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Viswanathan, Seethalakshmi, Sangeeta B. Desai, S. R. Prabhu y Mahul B. Amin. "Squamous Differentiation in a Sarcomatoid Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Unusual Case Report With Review of the Literature". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2008): 1672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-1672-sdiasc.

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Abstract We describe an extremely rare occurrence of a squamous differentiation in a sarcomatoid chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a 45-year-old woman with nodal and lung metastasis at presentation. The tumor on histology showed all 3 components intimately admixed with each other, which to the best of our knowledge is the first such case to be reported in the literature. The renal pelvis was smooth walled and uninvolved. Kidney-specific cadherin was positive in the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma areas and negative in the sarcomatoid and squamous areas.

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50

Zhang, Yu, Zinuo Jiao, Wei Xu, Yanyan Fu, Defeng Zhu, Jiaqiang Xu, Qingguo He, Huimin Cao y Jiangong Cheng. "Design, synthesis and properties of a reactive chromophoric/fluorometric probe for hydrogen peroxide detection". New Journal of Chemistry 41, n.º 10 (2017): 3790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00851a.

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