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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Tobacco Smoke Pollution »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 30 juillet 2024

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1

Petersen, Anne Berit, Natassia Muffley, Khamphithoun Somsamouth et Pramil N. Singh. « Smoked Tobacco, Air Pollution, and Tuberculosis in Lao PDR : Findings from a National Sample ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no 17 (23 août 2019) : 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173059.

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In 2017, more than half of the global burden of incident tuberculosis (TB) came from the Western Pacific region. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), the high rates of tobacco use and use of polluting biomass fuels for cooking (e.g., wood, charcoal, crop waste, dung) represent significant risk factors for TB. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between self-reported (1) smoking and TB; and (2) exposure to air pollution (from both cooking fires and environmental tobacco smoke) and TB among adults in Lao PDR. We analyzed data from the 2012 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATSL) of Lao PDR—a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 9706 subjects from 2822 households located in all 17 provinces. Utilizing a nationally representative sample and inferential, multivariable methods, we observed a significant increase in odds of self-reported TB among those who smoked tobacco (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = (1.00 to 2.98)). Larger multivariable models identified independent contributions from exposure to tobacco pipes (OR = 21.51, 95% CI = (6.34 to 72.89)) and communal outdoor fires (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = (1.15 to 4.49)). An index measuring combined exposure to smoked tobacco, environmental tobacco smoke in enclosed workspace, indoor cooking fire, trash fires, and other outdoor communal fires also showed a positive association (OR per added exposure = 1.47, 95% CI = (1.14 to 1.89)). The findings of this study underscore the need for multi-sectoral collaboration between tobacco control, environmental health, TB prevention and treatment programs, national authorities, policy makers, civil groups, and the private sector to address the convergence of potential risk factors impacting respiratory health in Lao PDR.
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Crawford, W. Allan. « Indoor Air Pollution and Environmental Tobacco Smoke ». Journal of the Royal Society of Health 109, no 1 (février 1989) : 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408910900114.

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Puspitasari, Mardiana Dwi, et Riza Fatma Arifa. « Progress in Reducing Indoor Tobacco Smoke Pollution Toward the Establishment of Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak : Evidence From the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys ». Jurnal Bina Praja 15, no 1 (avril 2023) : 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.193-206.

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In 2017, only about 26.68 percent of Indonesian households were smoke-free. Previous research established a relationship between the health of children under five and indoor tobacco smoke pollution. According to Presidential Regulation 25 of 2021, some indicators that should be met for establishing a child-friendly city/ regency (KLA) are the child's rights to health and family environment. Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) 2012 and 2017 assessed progress toward smoke-free homes by evaluating the interaction between child age and indoor tobacco smoking at the urban-rural area and regional levels. T-test analysis was used to determine the statistical significance. Findings revealed a higher prevalence of indoor tobacco smoking in rural areas. Over time, the prevalence of indoor tobacco smoking in Indonesian rural areas decreased by 0.84 percent. There was no significant reduction in Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, or Maluku-Papua. Furthermore, Sulawesi experienced a significant increase of approximately 4.54 percent. From 2012 to 2017, the prevalence of indoor tobacco smoking was higher in households with children under five, home crowding, poor households, and households with a low education household head. Therefore, interventions should focus on rural areas. City/regency governments in Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku-Papua should be more concerned about indoor tobacco smoke pollution. Raising family awareness about the dangers of indoor tobacco smoke pollution could be targeted at households with children under the age of five, overcrowded households, low-income households, and households with a low-education household head.
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Fetterman, Jessica L., Melissa J. Sammy et Scott W. Ballinger. « Mitochondrial toxicity of tobacco smoke and air pollution ». Toxicology 391 (novembre 2017) : 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.002.

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Oliveira, Maria João, Inês Franco, Ana Gonçalves et Ivone Pascoal. « O Tabagismo em Terceira Mão : Um Conceito a (Re)Lembrar ! » Acta Médica Portuguesa 28, no 5 (1 septembre 2015) : 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.6858.

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Yaksic, Mateo Sainz, Mauro Tojo, Alberto Cukier et Rafael Stelmach. « Profile of a Brazilian population with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ». Jornal de Pneumologia 29, no 2 (avril 2003) : 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-35862003000200004.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a public health problem. Tobacco smoking is the major cause, but not the only one. Air pollution, exposure to chemicals, environmental smoke exposure, and passive smoking are among other contributing causes; being viral and bacterial infections also risk factors. Gender and weight are associated to the severity of the disease. Co-morbidity is frequent. OBJECTIVE: To characterize a population of COPD outpatients followed at an outsourced medical service. METHODS: Questionnaires were applied to patients with COPD. The data included gender, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), oxygen delivery users, and FEV1, exposure to tobacco smoke, exposure to wood smoke, history of tuberculosis and co-morbid diseases. RESULTS: Of the 70 patients enrolled in the study, 70% (49) were men with an average age of 64 ± 10 years, average weight of 63 ± 16 kg and average BMI of 22 ± 5 kg/m². Mean FEV1 was 35 ± 14% and 45.7% were oxygen dependent. Nine (12.8%) patients never smoked, while 78.8% had quit tobacco smoking, (38 ± 11 pack/years was the average). Nine (12.8%) smoked corn husk cigarettes. Eighteen (25.7%) were exposed to wood smoke. Eleven (15.7%) patients had tuberculosis, 5.7% complained of asthma symptoms, 2.8% had bronchiectasis, 11.4% diabetes mellitus, 51.4% hypertension, and 20% Cor pulmonale. CONCLUSION: Other possible COPD etiologies must be investigated. Determinants of the pulmonary injury could be environmental smoke exposure associated to former infections. Men with low BMI are typically representative of this severe patient population. Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale are frequent co-morbidity factors.
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GARDEZI, SHAH NAWAZ HASSAN. « PASSIVE SMOKING ». Professional Medical Journal 12, no 04 (31 décembre 2005) : 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2005.12.04.5080.

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Definition: Breathing other people’s smoke is calledpassive, involuntary or second hand smoking.Types:- Side stream – from burning tip of the cigaretteMaintenance – inhaled and exhaled by smoker.Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major sourceof indoor air pollution.
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Hulka, Barbara S. « The health consequences of environmental tobacco smoke ». Environmental Technology Letters 9, no 6 (juin 1988) : 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384601.

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Aviado, Domingo M. « Suspected pulmonary carcinogens in environmental tobacco smoke ». Environmental Technology Letters 9, no 6 (juin 1988) : 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384602.

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Cain, William S., Tarik Tosun, Lai-Chu See et Brian Leaderer. « Environmental tobacco smoke : Sensory reactions of occupants ». Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no 2 (janvier 1987) : 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90011-4.

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Krishnan, S. « Can Air Pollution and Tobacco Smoke Contribute to Obesity ? » AAP Grand Rounds 33, no 2 (1 février 2015) : 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.33-2-22.

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Lu, Hao, et Lizhong Zhu. « Pollution patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke ». Journal of Hazardous Materials 139, no 2 (janvier 2007) : 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.011.

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Sendzik, Taryn, Geoffrey T. Fong, Mark J. Travers et Andrew Hyland. « An experimental investigation of tobacco smoke pollution in cars ». Nicotine & ; Tobacco Research 11, no 6 (7 avril 2009) : 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp019.

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Holt, G. Richard. « Effects of Air Pollution on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract ». Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no 2 (février 1996) : 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670165-1.

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The main route of contamination of the human body with airborne pollutants is through the upper air and food passages. Because of the delicate balance of the mucous membranes and special sensory organs of these passages with respect to mucociliary activity, local and recruited immune responses, rapid uptake of chemicals, and carcinogenic potential, the ingestion or inhalation of pollutants in the air can be harmful to these internal body barriers. The particular target organs for air pollution effects on the upper aerodigestive tract include the mucosa, olfactory epithelium, auditory receptor cells, glottic epithelium, and adjacent neural and muscular tissues. Hearing loss caused by noise exposure may be aggravated by the concomitant inhalation of solvents. The strongest evidence for the carcinogenic effect of occupational inhalants in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is seen with exposure to hardwood dust, tobacco smoke, furniture making, and leather tanning. With the exception of tobacco smoke, which produces squamous cell carcinomas, the majority of the occupationally related cancers are adenocarcinomas, usually of the intestinal variety. Tobacco smoke, passive or active, may lead to end-artery obliteration at the level of the otic end organ, causing a progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Further environmental research in the upper aerodigestive tract should aim at developing biologic markers to determine early, premalignant tissue changes; identifying the effects of chronic, low-dose toxic exposure on mucous membranes and neurosensory organs; providing field-tested tools for the standardized screening of large at-risk populations.
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Rajfur, Małgorzata, Paweł Świsłowski, Filip Nowainski et Bogusław Śmiechowicz. « Mosses as Biomonitor of Air Pollution with Analytes Originating from Tobacco Smoke ». Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 23, no 1-2 (1 décembre 2018) : 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2018-0008.

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Abstract The aim of the carried out research was the assessment of the possibility to use a popular bioindicator - Pleurozium schreberi mosses as a biosensor of the air pollution in living quarters with the analytes originating from tobacco smoke. The moss bag method of active biomonitoring, popular in environmental studies, was applied; the method is based on exposing mosses collected in clean areas in the locations polluted with, for example, heavy metals. However, this experiment involved exposing mosses in living quarters, in which approximately 10 cigarettes were smoked daily (first room - kitchen). For the purpose of comparison, moss samples were also placed in another room (bedroom), which was potentially not polluted. After three months of exposure, the following heavy metals were determined in mosses: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Additionally, these analytes were also determined in hair samples from the persons smoking in the room and from other smokers; the determined metal concentrations were compared with the results of the studies carried out using hair samples collected from non-smokers. On the basis of carried out research it was confirmed that, among others, the mosses exposed in living quarters accumulate heavy metals, such as Ni, Zn, Pb and Hg, which originate from tobacco smoke. Higher heavy metal concentrations were determined in hair samples from smokers, compared to hair samples from non-smokers.
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Charoenca, Naowarut, Stephen L. Hamann, Nipapun Kungskulniti, Nopchanok Sangchai, Ratchayaporn Osot, Vijj Kasemsup, Suwanna Ruangkanchanasetr et Passara Jongkhajornpong. « Air Pollution inside Vehicles : Making a Bad Situation Worse ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no 21 (25 octobre 2023) : 6970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20216970.

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Thailand has successfully forwarded Article 8, Protection from Exposure to Tobacco Smoke, of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). It achieved its 100% smoke-free goals in public places in 2010, next pursuing other bans in outdoor places to lower particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5). Our aim was to expose the secondhand smoke levels in vehicles since SHS is a danger to everyone, but especially to children and youth. This is the first experimental study of its kind in Thailand. We measured PM2.5 for 20 min under four conditions in 10 typical Thai vehicles, including commonly used sedans and small pickup trucks. We used an established protocol with two real-time air monitoring instruments to record PM2.5 increases with different vehicle air exchange and air conditioning conditions. Monitoring was recorded in the vehicle’s front and back seats. The most common Thai ventilation condition is all windows closed with fan/air conditioning (AC) in operation because of Thai tropical conditions. Mean exposure levels were three and nearly five times (49 and 72 μg/m3) the 24 h WHO standard of 15 μg/m3 in the back and front seats, respectively. These high PM2.5 exposure levels warrant action to limit vehicle smoking for public health protection.
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Hang, Bo, Jian-Hua Mao et Antoine M. Snijders. « Genetic Susceptibility to Thirdhand-Smoke-Induced Lung Cancer Development ». Nicotine & ; Tobacco Research 21, no 9 (16 juin 2018) : 1294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty127.

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Abstract Recently, potential health concerns have been raised about thirdhand smoke (THS), a much less well-understood type of smoke exposure defined as residual tobacco smoke sorbed onto indoor surfaces after active smoking has ceased. THS exposure is derived from the involuntary inhalation, ingestion, or dermal uptake of indoor pollutants. The timescale for exposure to THS pollution is generally much longer than secondhand smoke, and could stretch to days, months, or years (long-term, low-level exposure). Recent studies showed that exposure to THS at early age in mice can affect body weight, immunity, and lung cancer development. However, adverse health effects of THS in human populations remain poorly understood and many questions remain unanswered. One major question is how genetic factors influence susceptibility to THS-induced health effects, especially tumor development and whether there is an age-specific window of susceptibility for these effects. By addressing these questions, we will provide a better understanding of the effects of THS on human health and disease. This information would address critical knowledge gaps that are required for the formulation of policies related to indoor air quality. Implications THS, the residual tobacco smoke remaining in the environment after tobacco has been smoked, represents an underestimated public health hazard. Evidence supports its widespread presence in indoor environments. Vulnerable populations are believed to include infants and children living in a smoking household exposed to THS and/or secondhand smoke, and exposure has been identified as a risk factor for lung cancer later in life. These and future studies will provide novel and important evidence of how early-life exposure to THS affects cancer development and other diseases, which should be useful for framing and enforcing new policies against passive smoking in the world.
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Kaleta, Dorota, et Adam Fronczak. « Disparities in exposure to tobacco smoke pollution at Romanian worksites ». Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 22, no 4 (13 décembre 2015) : 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1185789.

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Crawford, W. Allan. « On Air Pollution, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Radon, and Lung Cancer ». JAPCA 38, no 11 (novembre 1988) : 1386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466478.

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Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda, Georg E. Matt, Roman J. Jandarov et Ashley L. Merianos. « Hand Nicotine and Cotinine In Children Exposed to Cigars : A Pilot Study ». Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no 3 (1 mai 2021) : 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.3.2.

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Objectives: Past research has not examined secondhand and thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure in children of cigar smokers. We examined hand nicotine and cotinine levels in children of cigar smokers to explore the contribution of cigar smoke to tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Methods: Participants were children (N = 24; mean (SD) age = 6.5 (3.6) years) whose parents smoked cigars only or poly-used cigars and/or cigarettes. Primary outcomes were hand nicotine and urinary cotinine levels. Results: All children had detectable hand nicotine (range: 7.6-312.5ng/wipe) and cotinine (range: 0.3-100.3ng/ml). Positive correlations were found between hand nicotine and cotinine (r = 0.693, p = .001), hand nicotine and parents who also smoked cigarettes (r = 0.407, p = .048), and hand nicotine and number of smokers around the child (r = 0.436, p = .03). Hand nicotine (r = -0.464, p = .02), but not cotinine (r = -0.266, p = .26), was negatively correlated with child age. Multiple regression results indicated a positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p = .002; semi-partial r2 = 0.415), irrespective of child age. Conclusions: The significant association of hand nicotine with urinary cotinine suggests that THS pollution should be assessed in evaluating children's overall TSE to cigars and other tobacco products, and hand nicotine may be a proxy for overall TSE. Younger children may have increased THS pollutant uptake.
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Singh, Harshvardhan, Anita Thakur, Salig Ram Mazta et Tripti Chauhan. « Tobacco smoking trends and treatment outcomes in Tuberculosis patients of district Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India : a cohort study ». International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no 9 (23 août 2017) : 3082. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173721.

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Background: India carries the highest burden of tuberculosis worldwide. To achieve the goals of the ‘END TB’ strategy, it is imperative to understand the factors which can influence the treatment outcomes. The objectives were to study the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects and to study the factors influencing treatment outcomes in the TB patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed and all patients (n=117) who were registered for category I DOTS during the last quarter of 2015 were included after obtaining written informed consent. Home visits with patient interviews were conducted to collect information on determinants. Univariate and binary logistic regression models were employed. Results: The overall treatment success rate was 93.2% (Cure rate=87%, treatment completion rate=100%). Default, death, failure and lost to follow up rates were 2.6%, 2.6%, 0.8% and 0.8% respectively. Those with a history of tobacco smoking [RR: 6 (1.27-28.37); p=0.02], second hand smoke [RR: 8.75 (1.11-68.88); p=0.02], indoor air pollution [RR: 7.89 (1.10-62.13); p=0.02] and alcohol use [RR: 6.13 (1.57-23.93); p=0.01] had higher risks of developing unfavourable treatment outcomes. The commonest cause of indoor air pollution was smoke surfacing out of fire-wood used for cooking and tobacco. Conclusions: The treatment success rates conform to the END TB strategy targets of 90%. Tobacco smoking, second hand smoke, indoor air pollution and alcohol intake were associated with adverse outcomes. Health education regarding the ill effects of tobacco and alcohol with regards to the disease preventability and curability needs to be further intensified. Larger studies to determine the effect of indoor air pollution as a risk factor and its impact on treatment outcomes by contemporary scientific methods by collaborating with other agencies involved in environmental studies is highly recommended.
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Zhou, Guangbiao. « Tobacco, air pollution, environmental carcinogenesis, and thoughts on conquering strategies of lung cancer ». Cancer Biology & ; Medicine 16, no 4 (1 novembre 2019) : 700–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0180.

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Each year there will be an estimated 2.1 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million lung cancer deaths worldwide. Tobacco smoke is the No.1 risk factors of lung cancer, accounting for > 85% lung cancer deaths. Air pollution, or haze, comprises ambient air pollution and household air pollution, which are reported to cause 252,000 and 304,000 lung cancer deaths each year, respectively. Tobacco smoke and haze (hereafter, smohaze) contain fine particles originated from insufficient combustion of biomass or coal, have quite similar carcinogens, and cause similar diseases. Smohaze exert hazardous effects on exposed populations, including induction of a large amount of mutations in the genome, alternative splicing of mRNAs, abnormalities in epigenomics, initiation of tumor-promoting chronic inflammation, and facilitating immune escape of transformed cells. Tackling smohaze and development of multi-targets-based preventive and therapeutic approaches targeting smohaze-induced carcinogenesis are the key to conquer lung cancer in the future.
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Levshin, Vladimir F., B. V. Ladan, N. I. Slepchenko et A. Y. Zavelyskaya. « Research of the air environment in cafes and restaurants, where a nargile is smoked ». Hygiene and sanitation 95, no 5 (28 octobre 2019) : 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-5-439-444.

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By means of special devices there was performed research of air in premises of 17 cafes and restaurants where nargile is smoking. In the premises during the day and more there was evaluated a concentration of the following markers of tobacco smoke: carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, tobacco smoke particles PM2,5 andpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the air of the examined enterprises the concentration of the major markers of tobacco smoke was established to exceed by several times acceptable and safe levels. At that in cafes and restaurants where nargile smoking the higher concentration of CO and PAHs was on average significantly more frequently than in a cafes with a rare nargile smoking. The data obtained can be used to refute the opinion on the safety of nargile smoking and tobacco smoke from the nargiles. All modern legislative and administrative measures to restrict and ban tobacco smoking should be extend to smoking nargile.
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Buettner-Schmidt, Kelly, Blake Boursaw, Marie L. Lobo et Mark J. Travers. « Tobacco Smoke Pollution in Hospitality Venues Before and After Passage of Statewide Smoke-Free Legislation ». Public Health Nursing 34, no 2 (10 octobre 2016) : 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phn.12301.

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Chen, Jing. « A Comparative Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence and Tobacco Consumption in Canada, Norway and Sweden : A Population-Based Study ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no 20 (17 octobre 2023) : 6930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206930.

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Risk factors for developing lung cancer include tobacco smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, radon gas, asbestos and other carcinogens, as well as air pollution and aging. Canada, Norway and Sweden are three Arctic countries that are very similar in socioeconomic status, similar in the social determinants of health and many environmental factors, including current smoking rates. However, lung cancer incidence rates differ significantly among the three countries. Since tobacco smoking is the principal risk factor for developing lung cancer, and there is a long lag time between tobacco consumption and lung cancer incidence at the population average level, a comparative analysis is conducted with historical data available publicly in the three countries to demonstrate how tobacco consumption in the past impacts lung cancer incidence decades late. The analysis shows that lung cancer incidence rates increase proportionally with the increasing tobacco consumption rates with a lag time of 20–30 years. On average, one more cigarette smoked per person per day can increase lung cancer cases by 2 to 5 per 100,000 population.
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Holcomb, Larry C. « Impact of environmental tobacco smoke on airline cabin air quality ». Environmental Technology Letters 9, no 6 (juin 1988) : 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384598.

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Pritchard, J. N., A. Black et J. J. McAughey. « The physical behaviour of sidestream tobacco smoke under ambient conditions ». Environmental Technology Letters 9, no 6 (juin 1988) : 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384603.

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Bellisario, Valeria, Pavilio Piccioni, Massimiliano Bugiani, Giulia Squillacioti, Stefano Levra, Carlo Gulotta, Giulio Mengozzi, Alberto Perboni, Elena Grignani et Roberto Bono. « Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Urban and Environmental Factors as Respiratory Disease Predictors in Italian Adolescents ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no 20 (22 octobre 2019) : 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204048.

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Risk monitoring in childhood is useful to estimate harmful health effects at later stages of life. Thus, here we have assessed the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental pollution on the respiratory health of Italian children and adolescents using spirometry and the forced oscillation technique (FOT). For this purpose, we recruited 188 students aged 6–19 years living in Chivasso, Italy, and collected from them the following data: (1) one filled out questionnaire; (2) two respiratory measurements (i.e., spirometry and FOT); and (3) two urine tests for Cotinine (Cot) and 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) levels. We found a V-shape distribution for both Cotinine and 15-F2t-IsoP values, according to age groups, as well as a direct correlation (p = 0.000) between Cotinine and tobacco smoke exposure. These models demonstrate that tobacco smoke exposure, traffic, and the living environment play a fundamental role in the modulation of asthma-like symptoms (p = 0.020) and respiratory function (p = 0.007). Furthermore, the results from the 11–15-year group indicate that the growth process is a protective factor against the risk of respiratory disease later in life. Lastly, the FOT findings highlight the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke exposure and urbanization and traffic on respiratory health and asthma-like symptoms, respectively. Overall, monitoring environmental and behavioral factors in childhood can provide valuable information for preventing respiratory diseases in adulthood.
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Nikolić, Maja, Aleksandra Stanković et Ivana Mladenović Ćirić. « Household Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Respiratory Health in School Age Children ». Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 29, no 4 (1 décembre 2012) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10283-012-0024-4.

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SUMMARY In the recent years the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been an important public health hazard, especially in Serbia, a country with too many smokers. A common component of tobacco smoke is particulate matter less than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), which is considered to be the most dangerous air pollutant for health. The aim of this paper was to investigate the association between respiratory symptoms and illnesses in schoolchildren in relation to their environmental tobacco smoke exposure. We conducted an epidemiological study that included 708 participants (49.15 % male) aged 11-14 years from Niš, Serbia. The children were surveyed by original structured questionnaire, based on the instrument developed for similar investigations. Data about the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the last 12-month period of life and lifetime prevalence of respiratory illnesses were obtained. The questionnaire also included items about other indoor environmental determinants. Tobacco smoke was the most prevalent source of indoor air pollution at children’s home (60.73%). We found a significant association between ETS exposure and increased prevalence of dyspnea, wheezing, bronchitis and asthma among children. It is necessary to inform parents in Serbia on the health effects of ETS exposure during childhood and to encourage them to change smoking habits in order to protect their children from ETS exposure at home.
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Tatum, Ashley Jerath, et Gail G. Shapiro. « The effects of outdoor air pollution and tobacco smoke on asthma ». Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 25, no 1 (février 2005) : 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2004.09.003.

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Matt, Georg E., Penelope J. E. Quintana, Eunha Hoh, Joy M. Zakarian, Zohir Chowdhury, Melbourne F. Hovell, Peyton Jacob et al. « A Casino goes smoke free : a longitudinal study of secondhand and thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure ». Tobacco Control 27, no 6 (8 février 2018) : 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054052.

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BackgroundSecondhand smoke (SHS) in US casinos is common, but little is known about the residue of tobacco smoke pollutants left behind in dust and on surfaces, commonly referred to as thirdhand smoke (THS). We examined SHS and THS pollution and exposure before and during a casino smoking ban and after smoking resumed.MethodsA casino was visited nine times over a 15-month period to collect dust, surface and air samples in eight locations. Finger wipe and urine samples were collected from non-smoking confederates before and after a 4-hour casino visit. Samples were analysed for markers of SHS and THS pollution and exposure.ResultsExceptionally high levels of THS were found in dust and on surfaces. Although the smoking ban led to immediate improvements in air quality, surface nicotine levels were unchanged and remained very high for the first month of the smoking ban. Surface nicotine decreased by 90% after 1 month (P<0.01), but nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in dust decreased more slowly, declining by 90% only after 3 months (P<0.01). Exposure was significantly reduced after the ban, but the benefits of the ban were reversed after smoking resumed.ConclusionsLong-term smoking in a casino creates deep THS reservoirs that persist for months after a smoking ban. A complete smoking ban immediately improves air quality and significantly reduces exposure to SHS and THS. However, THS reservoirs contribute to continued low-level exposure to toxicants. To accelerate the effect of smoking bans, remediation efforts should address specific THS reservoirs, which may require intensive cleaning as well as replacement of carpets, furniture and building materials.
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Hurd-Kundeti, Glorietta, Anne Berit Petersen, Khamphithoun Somsamouth et Pramil N. Singh. « Air Pollution in a Nationally Representative Sample : Findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey of Lao PDR ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no 18 (19 septembre 2019) : 3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183500.

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In Southeast Asia, household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use is the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a risk which is compounded by exposure to other sources of indoor and outdoor air pollution including secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). The purpose of this study was to measure the individual and combined prevalence of exposure to household and community sources of air pollution in a national sample of adults in Lao PDR. We analyzed data from the 2012 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATSL) of Lao PDR—a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 9706 subjects from 2822 households located in all 17 provinces. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of exposure to household air pollution from cooking fires (78%) and SHS exposure in the home (74.5%). More than a third (32.8%) reported exposure to both inside the home. Exposure to outdoor sources of smoke from cooking, trash, and crop fires was substantial (30.1% to 56.0%). The aggregation of exposures from multiple sources of household air pollution raises the need for initiatives that establish programmatic linkages in the health, environmental, and agricultural sectors to provide a comprehensive strategy to reduce risk factors for respiratory disease in Lao PDR and the region.
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Mishra, Vinod, Robert D. Retherford et Kirk R. Smith. « Cooking smoke and tobacco smoke as risk factors for stillbirth ». International Journal of Environmental Health Research 15, no 6 (décembre 2005) : 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120500288913.

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Proctor, C. J., N. D. Warren et M. A. J. Bevan. « Measurements of environmental tobacco smoke in an air‐conditioned office building ». Environmental Technology Letters 10, no 11 (novembre 1989) : 1003–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338909384822.

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Bono, Roberto, Walter Arossa, Roberto Russo, Enzo Scursatone, Domenico Castello et Giorgio Gilli. « Environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine in a group of adolescents ». Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A : Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 29, no 7 (août 1994) : 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529409376121.

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Guerin, M. R., C. E. Higgins et R. A. Jenkins. « Measuring environmental emissions from tobacco combustion : Sidestream cigarette smoke literature review ». Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no 2 (janvier 1987) : 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90004-7.

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Mbeje, Noluthando P., Themba Ginindza et Nkosana Jafta. « Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 11 (31 mai 2022) : 6752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116752.

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The high incidence cancer rates are due to factors such as behavior, occupational exposures, genetics, environmental pollution and infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with lung cancer among patients seen in the public health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In this case-control study, 75 cases and 159 controls were interviewed using a structured close-ended questionnaire. Logistic regression showed a positive association between lung cancer and tobacco smoking (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.21–6.77) and exposure to passive smoke (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.48–7.30). When adjusted for other covariates, tobacco smoking and passive smoke were still positively associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Alcohol consumption (aORs ranging from 2.79 to 3.35) and history of lung disease (aORs ranging from 9.91 to 12.1) were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer. Our study suggests that tobacco smoke exposure is the major cause of lung cancer, and increased exposure to occupational and environmental carcinogenic substances, alcohol consumption and history of lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer. Based on our findings, policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating smoking legislations, occupational health and safety are essential in South Africa.
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Szponar, B., C. Pehrson et L. Larsson. « Bacterial and fungal markers in tobacco smoke ». Science of The Total Environment 438 (novembre 2012) : 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.067.

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Nelson, P. R., S. P. Kelly et F. W. Conrad. « Cigars as a source of environmental tobacco smoke ». Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (septembre 1998) : S1307—S1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(98)90836-9.

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Gunawan, Gunawan. « EFEKTIFITAS PERATURAN KAMPUNG BEBAS ASAP ROKOK DI RW 11 MENDUNGAN, GIWANGAN, UMBULHARJO, YOGYAKARTA ». Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 10, no 2 (9 septembre 2016) : 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v10i2.1156.

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The formation of free-tobacco village has aimed to control smoking behavior among the village members. The title of free-tobacco village does not necessarily mean prohibit all village members to smoke, instead it limits them in terms of time and place to smoke. The main goal of this rule is to avoid the danger of tobacco for those who are not smoking. This is more related to the right of anyone to have a fresh air without any smoke pollution. The main issue of this article is to examine the effectiveness of the rule with considering on how that rule is being form and implemented in RW 11, Mendungan Village. This article employs social behaviorism theory in examining the behavior of smokers in the village. Social behaviorism theory emphasis on individual factor and its interactions toward others. This interaction process becomes distinctive character compare to psychological behaviorism. To collect data, researcher uses observations, interviews, and documentations. Collected data, then, is being analyzed using descriptive qualitative approach. Results show that free-tobacco village is formed mainly to preserve the health of villagers and to protect those who are not consume tobacco from the danger of smoking. Intensive socialization through placing non-smoking areas in most all public facilities and giving social punishments, particularly in a form of warning are effective enough to control total consumption of tobacco in the village. After the socialization period is over, those who broke the rule will be fied. Collected fies will be used to support social activities of the villagers
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Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda, Ashley L. Merianos et Georg E. Matt. « Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure ». Tobacco Control 27, no 2 (30 mars 2017) : 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053602.

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BackgroundDust and surfaces are important sources of lead and pesticide exposure in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if third-hand smoke (THS) pollutants accumulate on the hands of children who live in environments where tobacco is used and if hand nicotine levels are associated with second-hand smoke (SHS), as measured by salivary cotinine.MethodsParticipants were parents and children (n=25; age mean (SD)=5.4 (5.3) years) presenting to the emergency department with a potentially SHS-related illness. A convenience sample of participants were recruited at baseline from an ongoing two-group, randomised controlled trial of a SHS reduction and tobacco cessation intervention. Parents were current smokers; thus, all children were at risk of SHS and THS exposure to varying extents. Primary outcome measures, which were assessed in child participants only, were hand nicotine and salivary cotinine. Parents reported sociodemographics and smoking patterns; children’s medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history and discharge diagnosis.ResultsAll children had detectable hand nicotine (range=18.3–690.9 ng/wipe). All but one had detectable cotinine (range=1.2–28.8 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression results showed a significant positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p=0.009; semipartial r2=0.24), independent of child age.DiscussionThe higher-than-expected nicotine levels and significant association with cotinine indicate that THS may play a role in the overall exposure of young children to tobacco smoke toxicants and that hand wipes could be a useful marker of overall tobacco smoke pollution and a proxy for exposure.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594
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Häsänen, E., P. K. G. Manninen, K. Himberg et V. Väätäinen. « Chlorine and bromine contents in tobacco and tobacco smoke ». Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 144, no 5 (mars 1990) : 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02218144.

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McConnell, Robert, Ernest Shen, Frank Gilliland, Michael Jerrett, Jennifer Wolch, Chih-Chieh Chang, Frederick Lurmann et Kiros Berhane. « Obesogenic Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Air Pollution in Children ». ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no 1 (19 septembre 2013) : 4653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.o-4-27-04.

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Nikolic, Maja, Dragana Nikic et Konstansa Lazarevic. « Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in school children of Nis ». Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, Suppl. 2 (2006) : 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh06s2104n.

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INTRODUCTION. There is relatively strong evidence among children showing that passive smoking is associated with respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases, but few studies have been carried out in Serbian population. OBJECTIVE. Establishment of association between exposure to tobacco smoke within family and prevalence of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms in school children. METHOD. In this descriptive epidemiological study, studied population consisted of 533 school children, 12.96?1.54 years old, residents of Nis town, from the area with identical open air pollution. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was recorded in 382 children. Data about symptoms in children, conditions of habitation, presence of pets and hereditary predisposition were entered into structured questionnaire. RESULTS. T-test and ?2-test statistics showed no significant difference of living conditions, hereditary predisposition among children and average time which passive smoker and nonsmoker children spent indoors. In both groups, the upper respiratory symptoms were more frequent (42.4%-80.2%) in comparison to lower respiratory symptoms (14.4%-25.7%). There was significant difference of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms between the exposed children and control group (?2=9.7>?2 (1.005) =3.8, p>0.05 - for the upper and ? 2 =4.4 >? 2 (1.005) =3.8, p>0.05 - for the lower respiratory symptoms). Primary health care need for respiratory symptoms and diseases due to effect of passive smoking was higher in the exposed children. CONCLUSION. The results provide evidence of adverse respiratory effects of passive smoking to children being exposed to smoke in domestic setting. These findings emphasize the need for effective measures of prevention of involuntary smoking during childhood in Serbia.
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Mourino, Nerea, Alberto Ruano-Raviña, Leonor Varela Lema, Esteve Fernández, María José López, María Isolina Santiago-Pérez, Julia Rey-Brandariz, Alexandra Giraldo-Osorio et Mónica Pérez-Ríos. « Serum cotinine cut-points for secondhand smoke exposure assessment in children under 5 years : A systemic review ». PLOS ONE 17, no 5 (5 mai 2022) : e0267319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267319.

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Background Serum cotinine has become the most widely used biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) over time in all ages. The aim of this study was to review the serum cotinine cut-points used to classify children under 5 years as exposed to SHS. Methods A systematic review performed in the Pubmed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases up to April 2021 was conducted using as key words "serum cotinine", “tobacco smoke pollution” (MeSH), "secondhand smoke", "environmental tobacco smoke" and “tobacco smoke exposure”. Papers which assessed SHS exposure among children younger than 5 years old were included. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Analysis was pre-registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021251263). Results 247 articles were identified and 51 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The selected studies were published between 1985–2020. Most of them included adolescents and adults. Only three assessed postnatal exposure exclusively among children under 5 years. None of the selected studies proposed age-specific cut-points for children < 5 years old. Cut-point values to assess SHS exposure ranged from 0.015 to 100 ng/ml. The most commonly used cut-point was 0.05 ng/ml, derived from the assay limit of detection used by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Conclusions No studies have calculated serum cotinine age-specific cut-points to ascertained SHS exposure among children under 5 years old. Children’s age-specific cut-points are warranted for health research and public health purposes aimed at accurately estimating the prevalence of SHS exposure and attributable burden of disease to such exposure, and at reinforcing 100% smoke-free policies worldwide, both in homes, private vehicles and public places.
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Carson, John R., et Carol A. Erikson. « Results from survey of environmental tobacco smoke in offices in Ottawa, Ontario ». Environmental Technology Letters 9, no 6 (juin 1988) : 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384597.

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Hammond, S. Katharine, Brian P. Leaderer, Anne C. Roche et Marc Schenker. « Collection and analysis of Nicotine as a marker for environmental tobacco smoke ». Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no 2 (janvier 1987) : 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90027-8.

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Rushton, Lesley. « Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne ». Reviews on Environmental Health 19, no 3-4 (1 juillet 2004) : 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2004-19-3-408.

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Abstract Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can be a major constituent of air pollution in indoor environments, including the home. Regulation on smoking in the workplace and public places has made the home the dominant unregulated source of ETS, with important potential impacts on children. Between 40% and 60% of cbildren in the United Kingdom are exposed to ETS in the home. Many experimental and human and studies have investigated the adverse health effects of ETS. Substantial evidence shows that in adults ETS is associated with increased risk of chronic respiratory illness, including lung cancer, nasal cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In children, ETS increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, middle ear disease, lower respiratory tract illness, prevalence of wheeze and cough, and exacerbates asthma. Although banning smoking in the home would be the optimal reduction strategy, several barrier and ventilation methods can be effective. Nevertheless, such methods are not always practical or acceptable, particularly when social pressures contribute to a lack of support for ETS control in the home. Smoking cessation interventions have bad limited success. Research is needed to explore the barriers to adopting ETS risk-reducing behaviors.
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Dai, Xin, Shyamali C. Dharmage et Caroline J. Lodge. « The relationship of early-life household air pollution with childhood asthma and lung function ». European Respiratory Review 31, no 165 (7 septembre 2022) : 220020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0020-2022.

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The increase in childhood asthma over the past few decades has made it an important public health issue. Poor lung function growth associated with some phenotypes of asthma compounds its long-term impact on the individual. Exposure to early-life household risk factors is believed to be linked with respiratory health while infants’ lungs are still developing. This review summarises epidemiological studies and mechanistic evidence focusing on the detrimental effects of early-life household air exposures on the respiratory health of children, in particular effects on asthma and lung function. Many early-life household air exposures, including tobacco smoke, gases from heating and cooking, mould/dampness and cleaning products are associated with childhood asthma development and lung function growth. These exposures may alter structural and mechanical characteristics of infants’ lungs and contribute to deficits in later life. In addition, some risk factors, including tobacco smoke and cleaning products, can transmit effects across generations to increase the risk of asthma in subsequent generations. This review supports the hypothesis that risks of asthma and accelerated lung ageing are established in early life. The timing of exposure may be critical in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, in terms of future risk of asthma and reduced lung function in adults.
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Nazaroff, William W., Wen-Yea Hung, Antonius G. B. M. Sasse et Ashok J. Gadgil. « Predicting Regional Lung Deposition of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Particles ». Aerosol Science and Technology 19, no 3 (janvier 1993) : 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786829308959633.

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