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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Increasing maternal mortality rate"
1
Zainulina, Marina Sabirovna, Ekaterina Amirovna Kornyushina e Marina Ivanivna Krivonos. "Strategy of prevention of bleeding-related maternal mortality". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 64, n. 2 (15 giugno 2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd64233-41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents data on bleeding-related maternal mortality in St. Petersburg, North-West Federal District and in the Russian Federation. 6 times reduction of maternal mortality per 100 000 live births was observed in Russian Federation during the last three decades, however, the structure of maternal mortality due to bleeding, changes in the direction of increasing of rate of placental localization abnormalities and placenta previa. This trend may be related to the steady growth of the caesarean section rate. Particular attention is given to the formation of groups of patients at risk of developing obstetric hemorrhage, full examination, prevention of coagulopathy, the timely detection of placental localization abnormalities and placenta accreta. The article reviews the current approaches to prevention of obstetric hemorrhage using drugs, surgical techniques, and blood saving technologies.
2
Sumarmi, Sri. "MODEL SOSIO EKOLOGI PERILAKU KESEHATAN DAN PENDEKATAN CONTINUUM OF CARE UNTUK MENURUNKAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU". Indonesian Journal of Public Health 12, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i1.2017.129-141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Maternal mortality rate is the important health indicator which is used as a component of Nation Development Index or quality of life index in all countries in the world. It is the most sensitive indicator among other health indicators to assess health status or quality of life in a country. Recently, Indonesiafaces an inconvenience situation when a surprise increasing of maternal mortality rate was launched by national health survey, reflected an un-successful effort to achieve Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) target 2015 or the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Reducing maternal mortality ratein Indonesia is a big challenge, because maternal mortality is a multi-causes problem. Furthermore, various factors may play a role as the root causes that could not be addressed only through health interventions, but should involve multi-sectoral approach. Base on thus issues, this paper will discuss appropriate strategies to reduce maternal mortality in Indonesia by combining concept of socio ecological model of health behavior and continuum of care approach.Keywords: Maternal Mortality Rate, Socio Ecological Model, continuum of care
3
Singh, Gopal K. "Trends and Social Inequalities in Maternal Mortality in the United States, 1969-2018". International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 10, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Despite the previous long-term decline and a recent increase in maternal mortality, detailed social inequalities in maternal mortality in the United States (US) have not been analyzed. This study examines trends and inequalities in US maternal mortality by maternal race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, nativity/immigrant status, marital status, area deprivation, urbanization level, and cause of death. Methods: National vital statistics data from 1969 to 2018 were used to compute maternal mortality rates by sociodemographic factors. Mortality trends by deprivation level were analyzed by using censusbased deprivation indices. Rate ratios and log-linear regression were used to model mortality trends and differentials. Results: Maternal mortality declined by 68% between 1969 and 1998. However, there was a recent upturn in maternal mortality, with the rate increasing from 9.9 deaths/100,000 live births in 1999 to 17.4 in 2018. The large racial disparity persisted over time; Black women in 2018 had a 2.4 times higher risk of maternal mortality than White women. During 2013-2017, the rate varied from 7.0 for Chinese women to 42.0 for non-Hispanic Black women. Unmarried status, US-born status, lower education, and rural residence were associated with 50-114% higher maternal mortality risks. Mothers in the most-deprived areas had a 120% higher risk of mortality than those in the most-affluent areas; both absolute and relative disparities in mortality by deprivation level widened between 2002 and 2018. Hemorrhage, pregnancy-related hypertension, embolism, infection, and chronic conditions were the leading causes of maternal death, with 31% of the deaths attributable to indirect obstetric causes. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Despite the steep long-term decline in US maternal mortality, substantial racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and rural-urban disparities remain. Monitoring disparities according to underlying social determinants is key to reducing maternal mortality as they give rise to inequalities in social conditions and health-risk factors that lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. Key words: Maternal mortality • Socioeconomic status • Deprivation • Race/ethnicity • Rural-urban • Disparities • Cause of death • Trend. Copyright © 2021 Singh. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
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Darungan, Ainun Irada, Abdul Kadir e Nasrul Haq. "STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DALAM MENGURANGI ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU (AKI) MELAHIRKAN DI KABUPATEN ENREKANG". JPPM: Journal of Public Policy and Management 2, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jppm.v2i2.4565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study purposed to find out how the institutionalization of government strategy in reducing maternal mortality rate (AKI) and how to operationalize the government strategy in reducing maternal mortality rate (AKI) in Enrekang Regency. This study used descriptive qualitative research . Data collection techniques were observation, interviews with 5 informants and documentation. Data analysis used interactive analysis models and used 3 types of triangulation in data validation. The results of this study showed that the role of public health midwives in reducing maternal mortality was very important, especially in the role of community empowerment, optimizing Integrated Healthcare Center activities, and leadership roles in public health and health cadres were expected to be able to encourage the community to carry out self-help activities in improving health status. The role of community health workers in empowering cadres was very important by increasing the ability of community knowledge and awareness regarding prevention of maternal mortality in Enrekang Regency
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GOLI, SRINIVAS, e ABDUL C. P. JALEEL. "WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF THE DECLINE IN MATERNAL MORTALITY IN INDIA? EVIDENCE FROM TIME SERIES AND CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSES". Journal of Biosocial Science 46, n. 3 (22 ottobre 2013): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000564.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryStudies on the causes of maternal mortality in India have focused on institutional deliveries, and the association of socioeconomic and demographic factors with the decline in maternal mortality has not been sufficiently investigated. By using both time series and cross-sectional data, this paper examines the factors associated with the decline in maternal mortality in India. Relative effects estimated by OLS regression analysis reveal that per capita state net domestic product (−1.49611, p<0.05), poverty ratio (0.02426, p<0.05), female literacy rate (−0.05905, p<0.10), infant mortality rate and total fertility rate (0.11755, p<0.05) show statistically significant association with the decline in the maternal mortality ratio in India. The Barro-regression estimate reveals that improvements in economic and demographic conditions such as growth in state income (β=0.35020, p<0.05) and reduction in poverty (β=0.01867, p<0.01) and fertility (β=0.02598, p<0.05) have a greater association with the decline in the maternal mortality ratio in India than institutional deliveries (β=0.00305). The negative β-coefficient (β=−0.69578, p<0.05), showing the effect of the initial maternal mortality ratio on change in maternal mortality ratio in the Barro-regression model, indicates a greater decline in maternal mortality ratio in laggard states compared with advanced states. Overall, comparing the estimates of relative effects, the socioeconomic and demographic factors have a stronger statistically significant association with the maternal mortality ratio than institutional deliveries. Interestingly, the weak association between ‘increase in institutional deliveries' and ‘decline in maternal mortality ratio’ suggests that merely increasing deliveries alone will not help in ensuring maternal survival in India. Quality of services provided by the health facility, birth preparedness and avoiding delay in reaching health facility are also important. Deliveries in health facilities will not necessarily translate into increased survival chances of mothers unless women receive full antenatal care services and delays in reaching health facility are avoided.
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Ghazal, Kariman, Charlote Hajjar, Georges Yared e Rabih Chahine. "Can we have many C-sections". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, n. 2 (28 gennaio 2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200382.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rate of cesarean section is increasing worldwide. It decreases maternal and fetal mortality when complications happen. However, it is a major surgery that could be associated with maternal and fetal risks especially after repeat cesarean deliveries. We report a case of a woman who had her 9th C-section.
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Casella Jean-Baptiste, Meredith, Stephanie Louis, Christophe Millien, Erwine Dina Jeune, Ornella Sainterant e Jean Paul Joseph. "Postpartum quality improvement strategy for increasing long-acting contraception uptake at a University Hospital in Haiti". BMJ Open Quality 7, n. 4 (ottobre 2018): e000204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000204.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To address the gap in the uptake of long-acting contraception (LAC) methods among high-risk postpartum women who fail to return for a family planning method at HôpitalUniversitaire de Mirebalais in the Central Plateau Department of Haiti, contraceptive implant trainings were held for providers on the Labour and Delivery, Post-Partum and Internal Medicine inpatient wards.A very high maternal mortality rate affects large numbers of women in Haiti; however, contraceptive use can reduce maternal mortality significantly. A quality improvement strategy to offer LAC methods to immediate postpartum women at a University Hospital in rural Haiti was initiated in March 2016. This new strategy produced an average improvement from 5% to 32% of women delivering at the hospital, accepting a long-acting method (including bilateral tubal ligations) by the end of the project and which has proved sustainable at an average of 20% to date.
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Desi Oktariana. "Efforts to Maintain the Health of Pregnant Women through Antenatal Care Education". Conferences of Medical Sciences Dies Natalis Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya 2, n. 1 (12 novembre 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/dies.v2i1.41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Indonesia, maternal mortality is still an important problem that requires comprehensive treatment and follow-up. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is still high and has not reached the target set by the government. Maternal mortality can be prevented through Antenatal Care (ANC) services. ANC visit, for example, is influenced by the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women. Unfortunately, there are still pregnant women who don't know about the importance of ANC, so they don't make ANC visits. This community service activity is carried out to provide education, in the form of counseling, for pregnant women about Antenatal Care (ANC), with the aim of increasing awareness of pregnant women to maintain health during pregnancy and increase the participation of pregnant women in ANC visits.
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Soleman, Sani Rachman. "The Trend of Children Mortality Rates in Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 11, n. 01 (30 aprile 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.1.52-62.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Children mortality rates describe the health services’ quality as indicators of each countries’ welfare, particularly in Indonesia. Several factors were determined as the main contributors of mortality, such as neonatal factors, maternal, environment and health services. The important of this research is to give recommendation to the government of Indonesia to propose some policies in handling of the increasing children mortality and modifying underlying disease as contributor mortality among children in Indonesia. The design of this study is cross sectional. The data was taken from World Health Organization Maternal Child Epidemiology Estimation from 2000 to 2017. There were three main categories : neonatal mortality rate (NND), post neonatal mortality rate (PND) and under five mortality rate (UFIVE). The leading causes of mortality were searched according to those categories and followed by descriptive analysis by line graphs. According to the data that had been found, there was declining on NND (102.700 to 60.986), PND (138.553 to 63.471), UFIVE (241.253 to 124.457). The children mortality tend to decline at the range of 17 years, meanwhile the highest mortality among the three of groups are : premature birth in neonates, ARI in post neonates and premature birth in under five children. In conclusion, the trend of three parameters of children mortality declined within 17 years. On several cases, there were outbreak of injury on 2004 and fluctuation of measles incident among infant and under five children. Premature birth and ARI have the highest prevalence among children in Indonesia.
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Roziqin, Ali, e Amaliana Nur Fajrina. "Understanding Public Sector Innovation from A Local Perspective: Contra War (Contraceptive for Women at Risk) Innovation Study in Malang Regency". Jurnal Borneo Administrator 17, n. 2 (31 agosto 2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24258/jba.v17i2.803.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research aims to understand public sector innovation from a local perspective with a study of the Contra War (Contraceptive for Women at Risk) innovation study in Malang Regency. This innovation aims to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates. This research used a qualitative study with document analysis. Researchers analysed documents from various sources such as official government reports, government regulations, online media news, scientific literature, and books. The result shows that the Contra War innovation has not significantly reduced maternal and infant mortality, but gradually the Contra-War has reduced maternal mortality index (Angka Kematian Ibu/AKI) cases from 27 in 2019 to 14 cases. Meanwhile, infant mortality rate (Angka Kematian Bayi/AKB as many as 62 people in 2020. Another side, the sustainability of innovation has not gone well because of low participation, innovative organisational capacity, and transformational leadership. Therefore, researchers provide suggestions for increasing public participation, collaborating with third parties, and creating innovative work ecosystems and bureaucratic structures.
Tesi sul tema "Increasing maternal mortality rate"
1
BAHL, PAULLUVI. "REDUCING KENYA’S MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE: COMPARING MATERNAL MORTALITY DUE TO PRE-ECLAMPSIA IN KENYA AND THE U.S". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Previous studies show differences in maternal mortality rates (MMRs) between Kenya and the United
States; for every American that dies from pre-eclampsia, 44 Kenyans die1. This literature review
examines physiology, diagnosis, and management of pre-eclampsia, and external variables affecting
these MMRs. A case study of a public hospital in Kenya is presented alongside healthcare worker
interviews. External variables affecting patient care include clinical deficiencies and cultural factors.
Clinical deficiencies include poor patient education on pre-natal care, insufficient physician education on
proper detection of pre-eclampsia and management with magnesium sulfate. Cultural factors include
women’s avoidance of pre-natal care, delivery with unskilled attendants outside of hospitals, and
government corruption, which limits funding, staffing, and supplies. This thesis culminates in
recommendations to alleviate these disparities and reduce Kenya’s MMR and a public education poster
to be displayed in Kenya. Kenya’s high MMR can be reduced with better patient and physician education
concerning merits of pre-natal care and hospital deliveries, symptoms of pre-eclampsia, management
with magnesium sulfate, and adequate funding.
2
Womack, Lindsay Shively. "Severe Maternal Morbidity in Florida: Risk Factors and Determinants of the Increasing Rate". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6783.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Severe maternal morbidity generally refers to the most severe complications of pregnancy and includes: hemorrhage, embolism, acute renal failure, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and other complications. These complications affect more than 50,000 women in the United States every year, with rates significantly increasing from 1998 to 2011. In an effort to reduce these increasing complication rates, clinicians and researchers have emphasized the need to identify potential modifiable risk factors for severe maternal morbidity, and the need to study the relationships between these risk factors and severe maternal morbidity. The overall goal of this study is to improve the understanding of the increasing rates of severe maternal morbidity.
The objective of the first study is to examine the association between prepregnancy BMI and severe maternal morbidity in women residing in Florida who had a live birth during 2007-2014. Additionally, the specific association between prepregnancy BMI and the most common individual conditions that comprise the composite measure of severe maternal morbidity will also be examined. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using Florida’s linked birth certificate and maternal hospital discharge data for the years 2007-2014. The risk of severe maternal morbidity associated with BMI was then estimated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) derived using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for logistic regression. This final model was rerun separately for the most common conditions that comprise severe maternal morbidity as the outcome measure to assess differences by type of condition. Unadjusted rates of severe maternal morbidity increased with increasing BMI; however, after risk adjustment overweight and obese women had slightly protective odds of severe maternal morbidity when compared with normal weight women. The association between prepregnancy BMI and severe maternal morbidity differs by types of severe maternal morbidity. A protective dose-response relationship was seen for blood transfusion and disseminated intravascular coagulation, with the odds of morbidity decreasing with increasing BMI. The odds of heart failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilation all increased with increasing BMI. This study shows that severe maternal morbidity is a complex measure and not just a single condition. In future studies, it will be imperative to analyze severe maternal morbidity as a composite measure and as individual conditions to identify modifiable risk factors to focus on for interventions.
The objective of the second study is to identify potential determinants of the increase in the rate of severe maternal morbidity among women residing in Florida who had a live birth during 2005-2014. We examined severe maternal morbidity rates and related risk factors in live births to Florida women between 2005 and 2014, using Florida’s linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data. We initially conducted a Kitagawa analysis to evaluate the components of the increased rate of severe maternal morbidity between 2005 and 2014. Additionally, we performed a multivariable regression analysis to estimate the contribution of the multiple factors to differences in the rate of severe maternal morbidity in 2005 and 2014. The rate of severe maternal morbidity in 2014 was 19.3 per 1,000 live births, which was 1.65 times higher than the rate in 2005. Nearly all of the excess severe maternal morbidity and blood transfusions in 2014 can be explained by differences in the rate of severe maternal morbidity and blood transfusion between the two time periods. In total, sociodemographic factors, medical factors, and individual and hospital health service factors explained 9.1% of the overall severe maternal morbidity increase in 2014 compared with 2005, and only explained 2.5% of the increase in blood transfusions during this time period. Our study findings indicate that the increase in the rate of severe maternal morbidity is comprised almost entirely by an increase in the rate of blood transfusions. Further research will need to be conducted to explain the increase in the rate of severe maternal morbidity and blood transfusions.
Consistent with national trends, the rates of severe maternal morbidity have been increasing in Florida. This increase is driven almost entirely by blood transfusions and cannot be explained by traditional factors that are readily available in current datasets. In addition to the differences between the trends of blood transfusions and the 20 severe maternal morbidity conditions, there are also differences in risk factors associated with these different conditions. Prepregnancy overweight and obesity is associated with a protective effect with blood transfusions and disseminated intravascular coagulation that is not seen in the other conditions. Therefore, initiatives to decrease the rates of severe maternal morbidity will need to take these differences into account.
3
Laryea, Joycelyn, e Nipunika Jayasundara. "Automatic Speech Recognition System for Somali in the interest of reducing Maternal Morbidity and Mortality". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34436.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Developing an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system for the Somali language, though not novel, is not actively explored; hence there has been no success in a model for conversational speech. Neither are related works accessible as open-source. The unavailability of digital data is what labels Somali as a low resource language and poses the greatest impediment to the development of an ASR for Somali. The incentive to develop an ASR system for the Somali language is to contribute to reducing the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Somalia. Researchers acquire interview audio data regarding maternal health and behaviour in the Somali language; to be able to engage the relevant stakeholders to bring about the needed change, these audios must be transcribed into text, which is an important step towards translation into any language. This work investigates available ASR for Somali and attempts to develop a prototype ASR system to convert Somali audios into Somali text. To achieve this target, we first identified the available open-source systems for speech recognition and selected the DeepSpeech engine for the implementation of the prototype. With three hours of audio data, the accuracy of transcription is not as required and cannot be deployed for use. This we attribute to insufficient training data and estimate that the effort towards an ASR for Somali will be more significant by acquiring about 1200 hours of audio to train the DeepSpeech engine
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Teixeira, Regina MÃnica Viana. "Indicadores de saÃde materno-infantil: uma anÃlise a partir do sistema de informaÃÃo da atenÃÃo bÃsica". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8683.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As polÃticas pÃblicas de saÃde na Ãrea materno-infantil tÃm como foco principal a atenÃÃointegral Ãs mulheres durante o ciclo gravÃdico-puerperal e à crianÃa no primeiro ano de vida,
visando garantir a saÃde da gestante e da crianÃa, alÃm de prevenir a morte materna e/ouinfantil. As aÃÃes de saÃde nesta Ãrea no Brasil tÃm sido priorizadas e apresentaram avanÃos
ao longo das Ãltimas dÃcadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a partir do Sistema deInformaÃÃo da AtenÃÃo BÃsica, a evoluÃÃo da saÃde infantil e das gestantes, nos Ãltimos dez
anos em Fortaleza. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo foi realizado em Fortaleza, tendo sido a coleta dos dados realizada no
perÃodo de 2 a 30 de janeiro de 2012. A populaÃÃo foi composta por crianÃas menores de dois anos e gestantes cadastradas no Sistema de InformaÃÃo da AtenÃÃo BÃsica. Fez-se a anÃlise
dos principais indicadores da saÃde materno-infantil, atravÃs de tabelas (apÃndice A) e grÃficos produzidos nos programas Word e Excel do Microsoft Office. No perÃodo analisado, ocorre uma variaÃÃo de 6,7% (2005) a 7,9% (2002 e 2008) para o baixo peso ao nascer. O aumento nos Ãndices de baixo peso ao nascer, a partir de 2006, provavelmente se deve a ampliaÃÃo da cobertura das equipes da estratÃgia saÃde da famÃlia no municÃpio, levando a uma expansÃo no monitoramento deste indicador, atravÃs do registro das equipes de saÃde da
famÃlia. No perÃodo analisado, a prevalÃncia das infecÃÃes respiratÃrias agudas foi superior à prevalÃncia da diarreia em crianÃas menores de dois anos. Para a diarreia, a proporÃÃo variou de 6,5% (2010) a 12,75% (2006). Enquanto para as infecÃÃes respiratÃrias agudas houve uma variaÃÃo de 8,9% (2010) a 17,3% (2002). As taxas elevadas de diarrÃia e infecÃÃo respiratÃria aguda em menores de dois anos em Fortaleza, indicam a necessidade de um acompanhmento mais rigoroso para as crianÃas dessa faixa etÃria. Verificou-se um decrÃscimo na taxa de mortalidade infantil a cada ano, tendo o ano de 2002 uma taxa de mortalidade infantil de 22,4 por mil nacidos vivos e chegando ao ano de 2011 com uma taxa de 1,7 por mil nascidos
vivos. As trÃs situaÃÃes que foram avaliadas em relaÃÃo Ãs gestantes acompanhadas pelas equipes de saÃde da famÃlia, permitem inferir que o atendimento as gestantes deve passar por
melhorias e qualificaÃÃo profissional. A captaÃÃo precoce das gestantes deve ser intensificada, para que as mesmas compareÃam à consulta de prÃ-natal e para que o inÃcio deste ocorra o mais precocemente possÃvel, e as vacinas sejam aplicadas em tempo hÃbil. O estudo permitiu realizar uma anÃlise da situaÃÃo de saÃde das crianÃas e das gestantes nos Ãltimos dez anos em Fortaleza, podendo contribuir para que as equipes da estratÃgia saÃde da famÃlia possam refletir sobre a necessidade de mudanÃas e de melhor planejar as intervenÃÃes no territÃrio adscrito sob sua responsabilidade sanitÃria.The public health policies on maternal infant health have mainly focused on comprehensive care to women during the pregnancy and puerperal cycle and also to the child in the first year of life. This is done in order to ensure the health of the mother and also the child so that to prevent maternal deaths and / or child. Health actions in this area in Brazil have been prioritized and have presented advances over the past decades. The objective of this study is to analyze the health situation of children and women in the last ten years in Fortaleza based on the Information provided by the System of Primary Care. This is an observational descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The study was conducted in Fortaleza. The data collection happened from January 2nd to 30th, 2012. The population consisted of children under two years old, and pregnant women enrolled in the Information System of Primary Care. It was done an analysis of key indicators of maternal and infant health, through tables(Appendix A) and graphs produced in Word and Excel programs of Microsoft Office. Over the analysed period, there is a variation of 6.7% (2005) to 7.9% (2002 and 2008) to low weight birth. The increase in rates of low weight birth since 2006, probably occured due to the increased number of teams of strategy family health care in the city leading to an expansion of the monitoring of this indicator, through registration done by the family health teams. Over this period, the prevalence of acute respiratory infections was higher than the prevalence of diarrhea in children under two years. For diarrhea, the proportion ranged from 6.5% (2010) to 12.75% (2006). As for acute respiratory infections there was a variation from 8.9% (2010) to 17.3% (2002). The high rates of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children under two years in Fortaleza, indicate the need for a more rigorous monitoring for this age group. There was a decrease in infant mortality rate each year and the year 2002 had an infant mortality rate of 22.4 per thousand born alive and reaching the year 2011 a rate of 1.7 per thousand live births. The three situations that were evaluated in relation to pregnant women accompanied by family health teams, allow us to infer that the care of pregnant women should be improved and and have a better professional qualification. The early uptake of pregnant women must be intensified so that pregnant women attend the prenatal appointments and the start of prenatal care occurs as early as possible, and vaccines are applied in a timely manner. The study allowed us an analysis of the health situation of children and pregnant women in Fortaleza over the last ten years, contributing to the family health teams strategy in order to prepare adequately the planning of interventions in the territory under their sanytary responsibility.
5
Guanabara, Everardo de Macedo. "Perfil EpidemiolÃgico da Mortalidade Materna em Hospital TerciÃrio no Cearà - 2004 a 2008". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5627.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorObjetivo. Analisar os Ãbitos maternos no Hospital Geral CÃsar Cals no perÃodo 2004 a 2008 quanto aos aspectos sociodemogrÃficos, assistenciais e a opiniÃo do comità de morte materna, constituindo o perfil epidemiolÃgico e clÃnico desta populaÃÃo. Metodologia. Estudo transversal, de carÃter descritivo e analÃtico de 70 Instrumentos de NotificaÃÃo de Ãbito de Mulher em Idade FÃrtil e de InvestigaÃÃo Confidencial do Ãbito Materno. Foram comparados os Ãbitos ocorridos por causas diretas e indiretas e aqueles ocorridos em pacientes provenientes de Fortaleza com aqueles de outros municÃpios. Foram empregados os testes qui-quadradro de Pearson e de Yates, teste exato de Fisher e teste nÃoparamÃtrico de Mann-Whitney. Considerou-se p< 0,05 como significativo. Resultados. A idade variou de 15 a 43 anos (mÃdia de 27,0  7,4 anos). Vinte e cinco (35,71%) eram procedentes da prÃpria Capital Fortaleza, e 45 (64,29%) de outros municÃpios. A maioria era de cor parda, vivia com companheiro, primÃparas ou secundÃparas. A maioria frequentou o prÃ-natal: elas iniciaram o prÃ-natal ainda no primeiro trimestre, mas realizaram menos de seis consultas. A maioria teve o parto por via abdominal com recÃm-nascidos vivos. A RMM foi de 227,37/100.000 NV (causas diretas 129,37/100.000 NV e indiretas 74,48/100.000 NV). As RMM geral e especÃficas (diretas e indiretas) apresentaram linhas de tendÃncia crescente ao longo dos anos avaliados. O tempo de internamento foi menor para os Ãbitos de causas diretas (p = 0,008) e para pacientes provenientes de municÃpios diferentes de Fortaleza (p<0,002). O inÃcio do prÃ-natal no primeiro trimestre foi mais frequente para as pacientes de fora da Capital (p = 0,027). Quanto a assistÃncia prÃ-natal, ao parto ou aborto e ao puerpÃrio, foi possÃvel realizar somente anÃlise descritiva para as pacientes da cidade de Fortaleza, segundo opiniÃo do Comità de Ãtica. ConclusÃes. A RMM no HGCC foi muito alta, com tendÃncia crescente. O tempo de internamento foi maior para as pacientes que evoluÃram para Ãbito por causas indiretas e de Fortaleza. Segundo o ComitÃ, a assistÃncia foi considerada inadequada para as pacientes provenientes de Fortaleza.
6
Afridi, Muhammad Asim. "The effects of health aid on health outcomes : public versus private channels". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La réduction de la mortalité maternelle et infantile est universellement acceptée comme un objectif du millénaire pour le développement. L'aide étrangère est un des moyens utilisés pour l'atteindre. Cependant, malgré les succès, à l'échelle microéconomique, de certains programmes de santé financés par les aides étrangères, l'efficacité globale de ces aides demeure inconnue. Plusieurs travaux ont traité de l'efficacité de l'aides sur la croissance économique, mais peu d'entre eux concernent le secteur de la santé. Le but de cette thèse, est précisément d'évaluer l'efficacité des aides étrangères sur des indicateurs de santé à l'échelle macroéconomique. On va essayer d'explorer l'impact des aides étrangères octroyées par des bailleurs privés et publics sur l'état de santé telle que la mortalité infantile, maternelle et des adultes dans les pays en développement. La thèse examine l'affectation des aides étrangères au secteur de la santé, à travers trois documents de travail à soumettre à publicationThe reduction of child and maternal mortality is universally accepted as a millennium development goal (MDG). Foreign aid for health is one of the means implemented to reach it. However, even if many successes of health aid activities have been underlined at the microeconomic level, the effectiveness of health aid in general remains unknown. In spite of many macroeconomic works on aid effectiveness on economic growth, only little deals with its effectiveness in health. The purpose of this thesis is precisely to assess the effectiveness of foreign aid in improving health measurements, at the macroeconomic level. I tried to explore the impact of health aid disbursed by the donors through the government and private sector on health outcomes like child, maternal and adult mortality rates in developing economies. The thesis examines the issue of foreign aid earmarked for health sector using a three-paper format. The three chapters of this thesis can be read independently
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Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s". University of Sydney, History, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.
8
Ngunyulu, Roinah Nkhensani. "A model for incorporating “indigenous” postnatal care practices into the midwifery healthcare system in Mopani district, Limpopo Province, South Africa". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30768.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Model development for incorporating “indigenous” postnatal care into a midwifery healthcare system is of utmost importance in ensuring the provision of culturally congruent care. There has been only limited evidence of the availability of a model which addresses “indigenous” postnatal care practices in midwifery health care systems. As a result, the nurses operate from a modern healthcare point of view only, rather than combining the two worldviews. The main aim of the study was to develop a model for incorporating “indigenous” postnatal care practices into the midwifery health care system in Mopani District, Limpopo Province of South Africa. The study was conducted in three phases. During the first phase the meaning of the concept “incorporation” was analysed. The results guided the researcher during data collection in the second phase, consisting of in-depth individual and focus group interviews to explore the experiences and perceptions of postnatal patients, family members, traditional birth attendants, registered midwives, Midwifery lecturers and the maternal and child healthcare coordinators. The findings confirmed that currently the “indigenous” postnatal care practices are not incorporated in the Midwifery curriculum, books or guidelines for maternity care. As a result there is lack of knowledge amongst midwives regarding the “indigenous” postnatal care practices and it is difficult for them to provide culturally congruent care. Due to inadequate knowledge midwives are displaying negative attitudes towards the family members, traditional birth attendants and patients from diverse cultures. The participants confirmed that there is no teamwork between the registered midwives and the traditional birth attendants (family members). The study findings also confirmed that currently there are no follow-up visits by the midwives for patients during the postnatal period. The midwives are imposing their health beliefs an practices onto the patients on discharge after delivery, without the involvement of the family members or the traditional birth attendants, resulting in sub-standard postnatal care, leading to postnatal complications and an increasing maternal mortality rate. Based on the findings of phases one and two, a model for incorporating “indigenous” postnatal care practices into a midwifery healthcare system was developed and described. The implications for further studies suggested the evaluation and implementation of the model in the healthcare institutions, nursing colleges, clinics and hospitals as an initial step to assist the Department of Health in Limpopo Province in incorporating “indigenous” practices into healthcare systems.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Nursing Science
unrestricted
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Ruiz, Ivan Zahinos. "Effectiveness assessment of maternity waiting homes in increasing coverage of institutional deliveries using geographical information systems in six districts of Cabo Delgado Province (Mozambique)". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4843.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mozambique is in the process of setting up maternity waiting homes (MWHs) in an attempt to improve access of women living in remote areas. It is expected that MWHs will increase institutional deliveries and consequently, decrease maternal mortality caused by the delay in reaching obstetric care. However, no evidence for this assumption has been found in the literature. The objective of this research was, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), to assess the impact of MWHs in increasing institutional deliveries coverage. GIS technology is a valuable methodology to analyse access, especially in contexts where official records are weak. An ecological study, using a sample of 28 health facilities, was conducted in six districts in northern Mozambique. The findings suggest that MWHs could contribute to increasing institutional deliveries coverage in a range of 4% to 2 %. However, they do not appear to increase access of women living in remote areas.M.A. (Public Health)
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Maesela, Phogole Crawford. "Factors contributing to the increased perinatal mortality rate in Limpopo province". Diss., 2018. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/25639.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the study was to determine the causes, of the increased perinatal
mortality, identify and describe other factors contributing to the increased perinatal
mortality rate in a rural healthcare facility situated in Sekhukhune district in Limpopo
province, and to formulate the recommendations that will reduce the perinatal mortality
rate based on the results. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective
design was conducted. The study population was one hundred and sixty two (162)
records of babies who died in the perinatal facility from the 1st January 2015 to the 31st
December 2015 with a gestational age of about 28 weeks or more. No sampling was
done, but a census was used. The sample comprised of one hundred and sixty two (162)
of all the records related to perinatal mortality. Data were collected from patients’ records
by using a checklist. Analysis of the data was performed by the IBM Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14 computer software. Frequency tables and pie
graphs were used to present the data.
The results indicated that 75.3% (n=122) of the records were associated with health
personnel as a factor contributing to perinatal mortality. Furthermore, preterm cases
accounted for 45.1% (n=73) and prematurity accounted for 37.0% (n=60) of the cases of
perinatal mortality. Therefore, preterm births and prematurity are risk factors that should
be managed immediately after birth, and all babies should be managed prior to being
transferred to the other healthcare institutions.
The recommendations are that the education of patients about early antenatal visit, signs
of labour and danger signs during pregnancy and training of healthcare workers on
record-keeping have to be done on a continuous basis. Managers should conduct quality
improvement programmes, benchmarking and implement maternal and neonatal
guidelines in the clinical area throughout pregnancy.Health Studies
M. P. H. (Health Studies)
Libri sul tema "Increasing maternal mortality rate"
1
Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC). Policy brief on MDGs 4 & 5 on reduction of under five and maternal mortality rate. Abuja, Nigeria: CISLAC, 2007.
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2
Children's Defense Fund (U.S.). Health Division. Maternal and child health in America's cities. Washington, D.C: Health Division, Children's Defense Fund, 1991.
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3
Halder, Suni, e Steve Yentis. Maternal mortality and morbidity. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The risk to women’s health is increased during pregnancy, and maternal mortality is used as an indicator of general healthcare provision as well as a target for improving women’s health worldwide. Morbidity is more difficult to define than mortality but may also be used to monitor and improve women’s care during and after pregnancy. Despite international efforts to reduce maternal mortality, there remains a wide disparity between the rate of deaths in developed (maternal mortality ratio less than 10–20 per 100,000 live births) and developing (maternal mortality ratio as high as 1000 or more per 100,000 live births in some countries) areas of the world. Similarly, treatable conditions that cause considerable morbidity in developed countries but uncommonly result in maternal death (e.g. pre-eclampsia (pre-eclamptic toxaemia), haemorrhage, and sepsis) continue to be major causes of mortality in developing countries, where appropriate care is hampered by a lack of resources, skilled staff, education, and infrastructure. Surveillance systems that identify and analyse maternal deaths aim to monitor and improve maternal healthcare through education of staff and politicians; the longest-running and most comprehensive of these, the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom, was halted temporarily after the 2006–2008 report but is now active again. Surveillance of maternal morbidity is more difficult but systems also exist for this. The lessons learnt from such programmes are thought to be important drivers for improved maternal outcomes across the world.
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Van Calsteren, Kristel. Chronic maternal infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pregnant women diagnosed with chronic infections are a worldwide problem. In developed countries, the most frequently encountered are hepatitis B and C, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, herpes simplex, and Cytomegalovirus infections. In developing countries, human immunodeficiency virus and malaria are also seen commonly in pregnant women. Maternal infections are associated with various complications in pregnant women, but also with congenital infections with or without structural anomalies and long-term sequelae, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and perinatal mortality. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that maternal infection during pregnancy affects the developing immune system of the fetus independently of the vertical transmission of pathogens. This chapter discusses the pathogen characteristics, ways of transmission, clinical presentation, diagnostic options, treatment, and, if relevant, prophylaxis for the most common infections in pregnant women (excluding hepatitis which is discussed elsewhere).
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Anderson, John A., Pierre-Antoine Laloë e Derek J. Tuffnell. Hypertension in pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy encompass a spectrum of disease, including gestational hypertension, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome), and acute fatty liver of pregnancy through to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. These conditions can pose significant problems for clinicians and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and baby. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia remain one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide. The majority of fatalities occur in settings with low healthcare resources. In the developed world, improvements over the last 60 years in antenatal and intrapartum care, along with national surveillance and audit, have led to tenfold and fivefold reductions in absolute mortality and severe morbidity from eclampsia and pre-eclampsia respectively. Conversely, the incidence of pre-eclampsia has been rising in the developed world as the average age of first maternity increases and rates of obesity and other medical conditions rise. It is therefore increasingly likely that hypertension may complicate the obstetric and anaesthetic management of pregnant women.
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Centers for Disease Control Prevention (U.S.) Global AIDS Program., National Institute of Public Health (Cambodia), National Institute of Statistics (Cambodia) e ORC Macro, a cura di. Cambodia demographic and health survey, 2005. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: National Institute of Public Health and National Institute of Statistics, 2006.
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Office, Philippines National Statistics, e ORC Macro MEASURE/DHS+ (Programme), a cura di. Philippines national demographic and health survey 2003. Manila, Philippines: National Statistics Office, 2004.
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Cantwell, Roch. Peripartum psychiatric disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Women are at greatest risk of suffering from mental illness during their reproductive years, and at very particular risk in relation to childbirth. Psychological adjustment, social challenges, and neurohormonal changes in pregnancy and parturition may all contribute to this risk. The consequences of maternal mental illness may be severe. Suicide is among the leading causes of maternal death in the United Kingdom and psychiatric factors are implicated in a further significant number of deaths in pregnancy and the first postnatal year. Increasing evidence points to the detrimental effect of untreated maternal anxiety and depression on infant development. Women may be taking psychotropic medication at conception, with antidepressants being one of the most frequently prescribed. Certain psychotropics have important adverse effects on the fetus and developing child, and may require careful management if prescribed in pregnancy. All professionals involved in the care of women at this time have an important role in identifying those at risk, reducing progression to future morbidity and mortality, and minimizing the adverse effects of prescribed medication.
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Barclay, Philip, e Helen Scholefield. High dependency and intensive care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of maternal critical care is essential in reducing morbidity and mortality due to a substandard level of care. The level of critical care should depend upon the patient’s severity of illness, not their physical location. Escalation to level 3 (intensive) care is uncommon in pregnancy, with a median admission rate of 2.7 per 1000 births, mainly due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and haemorrhage. Maternal ‘near misses’ occur more frequently, with 6.5 per 1000 births meeting Mantel’s criteria, of which 85% is due to major obstetric haemorrhage. The admission rate to maternal high dependency units (level 2 care) varies from 1% to 5%. Acute physiological scoring systems have been found to be reliable when applied to parturients receiving level 3 care but overestimate mortality. Maternal early warning scores have been derived from simplified versions of these systems, with allowance made for physiological changes seen in pregnancy. There are many different maternity scoring systems in use throughout England and Wales. All share the same principle that parameters should be recorded regularly during the hospital stay, with deviations from normal quantified, recorded, and acted upon. A chain of response is then required to ensure that suitably qualified staff, possessing appropriate critical care competencies, attend in a timely fashion. Appropriate resources must be available with equipment readily to hand and suitably trained staff so that invasive monitoring can be used. Clear admission criteria are required for level 2 care within the delivery suite and escalation to level 3, with suitable arrangements for transfer.
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Naess, Halvor. Long-term prognosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Knowledge of prognosis is important for patients in the prime of life in order to make informed decisions about treatment, choice of education, and profession. Median first-year mortality after first-ever cerebral infarction among young adults is about 4% while median annual average mortality after the first year is about 1.7%. Likewise, median first-year recurrence rate of cerebral infarction is 2% and thereafter 1.5% per year. Risk factors for recurrent cerebral infarction include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, symptomatic atherosclerosis, and smoking. Recurrent cerebral infarction and mortality are associated with increasing number of traditional risk factors. About 10% of patients develop post-stroke seizures within 6 years of the acute stroke. Almost 90% of patients report good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) on long-term follow-up, but up to 30–50% of patients do not resume employment. Many patients have cognitive impairment. Fatigue and depression are also common on long-term follow-up.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Increasing maternal mortality rate"
1
Kaalby, Lasse, Axel Skytthe, Karen Andersen-Ranberg e Bernard Jeune. "Causes of Death Among 9000 Danish Centenarians and Semisuper-Centenarians in the 1970–2012 Period". In Demographic Research Monographs, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAs most centenarians suffer from multiple diseases, they are at high risk of dying – but what do they ultimately die of? This question has scarcely been examined. We have carried out a register-based study of the causes of death (CoD) among Danish centenarians. Among 8559 centenarian deaths in the 1970–2012 period, the most common CoD was in the category of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD); at the end of the study period, this CoD accounted for one-third of the deaths in this age group. The mortality rate for CVD as an underlying CoD was more than halved during the period (from 358 to 170 per 1000 person-years). In contrast, the mortality rate for cancer remained stable during the whole period, but at a very low level (15–20 per 1000 person-years). Cancer made up a much smaller share of underlying CoDs among this age group (3–4%) than among 85–99-year-olds (15%). The mortality rate for pneumonia remained at a constant level (about 50 per 1000 person-years) of around 10% among centenarians and 5% among 85–99-year-olds. The underlying CoD groups that were reported with increasing frequency during the period were mental diseases, including dementia, which increased sevenfold; and ill-defined conditions/senility, which increased fourfold. The latter CoD group accounted for 28% of deaths among centenarians in the most recent years, and for more than one-third of deaths among semi-supercentenarians (aged 105–109). The increase in the proportion of deaths for which the CoD was listed as ill-defined conditions/senility was probably partly due to the under-diagnosis of diseases among centenarians, especially of heart diseases. However, a substantial proportion of these deaths may have been attributable to “old age” – i.e., a combination of several diseases and organ deficiencies – and not to a single underlying cause.
2
Waldmann, Carl, Andrew Rhodes, Neil Soni e Jonathan Handy. "Maternal critical care". In Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care, 569–77. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The UK maternal mortality rate is one of the lowest in the world, at 9.8/100 000 maternities. However, for every maternal death there are at least 70 women who develop severe maternal morbidity, and this rate is rising with increasing body mass index, maternal age, and pre-existing disease. The commonest ‘direct’ cause of death because of pregnancy is thrombosis, and ‘indirect’ cause from a pre-existing problem is cardiovascular disease. The confidential mortality reports and recommendations on mortality MBRRACE-UK have resulted in major improvements in common obstetric problems such as venous thromboebolism, pre-eclampsia, and haemorrhage. Nowadays focus is also directed to examining causes of and improving management of morbidity (as opposed to mortality), often from other disorders such as infection, cardiac, and respiratory disease, resulting in the need for critical care. This chapter discusses maternal critical care, enhanced maternity care, and includes discussion on common conditions causing illness in pregnancy, obstetric emergencies, and reviews and guidelines. There are sections on venous thromboembolism, pre-eclampsia, massive obstetric haemorrhage, obstetric sepsis, cardiac disease, neurological emergencies, liver failure, diabetic emergencies, amniotic fluid embolism, and complications of anaesthesia.
3
"Essentials of Normal Pregnancy". In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 60–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4357-3.ch003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pregnancy is physiologically and nutritionally a highly demanding period. A pregnant woman prepares herself to meet the nutritional demands by increasing her own body fat deposits during pregnancy. The fetus inside the uterus of mother is like a parasite (i.e., it takes several nutrients that it requires from the mother, regardless of whether she has enough of them or not). However, it has been observed that women's diets among poor socio-economic groups during pre-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating periods are essentially similar. Consequently, widespread maternal malnutrition results in a high prevalence of infants with low birth weight and a very high maternal mortality rate. Extra diet is needed to improve the birth weight and increase deposits of fat in the maternal body. Adequate intake of nutritious diet is reflected in optimal weight gain of 10 to 12 kg during pregnancy. Some micronutrients are especially required in extra amounts to meet the physiological needs of this period. Hence, good nutrition must be ensured for optimum growth and development of children, adolescents, and women.
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Svydlo, Hanna, e Iryna Sierova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION OF UKRAINE: NATURAL MOVEMENT AND POPULATION REPRODUCTION". In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-2-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Due to the difficult socio-economic situation and worsening of demographic situation, including the consequences of hostilities and ongoing occupation of the part of Ukraine, today the importance of population study and the research on the factors influencing its changes is increasing. During the study of demographic processes on the basis of a thorough analysis, strategic decisions relevant to the use and reproduction of the country's labour potential, stimulation of the birth rate, reduction of mortality, increase of natural population growth, prevention of depopulation processes, providing effective employment and improvement of social protection of the people are made. The demographic factor is one of the determinants for ensuring sustainable and safe development of the country, and the issue of demographic development should be considered as a factor and at the same time as a result of the functioning of the state. The main purpose of the study is to identify trends in the changes of the main indicators characterizing demographic processes in the country. Methodologically and informationally, this paper is based on the scientific works, the materials from reccurent publications and Internet, the laws and regula-tions and the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The methods used in the study are structural and dynamic analysis, comparison and generalization of the data collected by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. During a study of a phenomenon or a process, first of all, the categorical apparatus is determined. Based on the purpose of the study, the concept of reproduction and natural movement of the population is defined and their theoretical description is given. This paper considers the reproduction of the population as the historically and socio-economically conditioned process of constant and continuous renewal of hu-man generations. Since the natural movement of the population is a process analysis of the birth and death of people, this paper considers such types of population reproduction as archetype, traditional type, transitional type and modern type. For the analysis of the natural movement of the population as a component of demographic safety, the following indicators were evaluated: average life expectancy at birth; depopulation rate; the overall mortality rate of the country's population; in-fant mortality (child mortality up to the age of 1); total birth rate; net reproduction rate; marriage rate; divorce rate. The findings of the analysis show that the main rea-son of the worsening of demographic situation is decrease in the birth rate and in-crease in the mortality rate. Currently, the birth rate in Ukraine is largely limited by both economic factors (insufficient wages, shortage of jobs) and social factors (changes in reproductive habits and norms expressed in the popularity of single-parent families). The analysis revealed socio-economic factors influencing the demo-graphic situation in Ukraine.
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Dominguez, Tyan Parker. "Inequity Embodied". In Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century, 24–41. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines African American women’s disproportionate risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and infant and maternal mortality, and the ways in which race, gender, and class oppression create a unique matrix of stress burden that increases allostatic load (i.e., weathering or wear and tear on the body), thereby increasing risk for these adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. The chapter describes how traditional risk factors, such as health behavior, medical risk, and lower socioeconomic status, do not account for racial disparities in childbearing health, and it utilizes a stress paradigm for explaining how the intersectional burden of race, gender, and class inequity can affect African American pregnancy women. The chapter concludes by noting several mobilization efforts that are underway to eliminate health disparities in adverse birth outcomes by promoting health equity that is fair and just opportunities to be healthy.
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Sapkal, Rekha. "Maternal Mortality Rate in India". In Surgical Skills on Internal Iliac Artery ligation for Controlling Postpartum and Pelvic Hemorrhage, 104. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12422_7.
Testo completo
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Patil, Shrushti, Natalia Mercado, Yashwant Pathak e Priyanka Bhatt. "Nutraceuticals Impacting Uterine Growth, Gestational Age and Mortality Rate". In Nutraceuticals for Prenatal, Maternal and Offspring’s Nutritional Health, 197–209. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429437632-14.
Testo completo
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Mehboob, Riffat, Syed Amir Gilani, Sidra Khalid, Amber Hassan e Ahmad Alwazzan. "Maternal Mortality Ratio in Low Income Developing Countries". In Global Women's Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95258.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs). A great reduction has been observed regarding the maternal deaths globally after huge efforts since 1990 todate. However, the situation continues to be either stagnant or worsening in developing countries, suggesting that the efforts to cope with this issue are either insufficient or not properly implemented. We need to first diagnose the problem areas that are a great hurdle in the road to success towards the reduction of MM. Postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia are one of the most common causes of MM. Malnutrition, neurological dysfunction and cancer are among the non-obstetric causes. Trained medical and paramedical staff can be of great help in this regard by increasing awareness among masses at grass root level. Target set by Millennium Development goal has minimized the MM by 44%. But it has not met the target set by Millenium Development Goals 5 and a lot of measures need to be taken in this regard. Majority of the MDs are preventable and can be avoided by adopting appropriate frameworks, linked data sets, surveillance, birth attendants training, preparation for births, etc. Delay in decision to get healthcare, access to healthcare center and receiving these facilities are the main factors in MM.
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Hanif, Muhammad, Siddra Khalid, Akhtar Rasul e Khalid Mahmood. "Maternal Mortality in Rural Areas of Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects". In Rural Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pakistan is one of the countries in South Asia ranking high in maternal mortality rate. Though, a signatory of Agenda 2030, the country still lags behind considerably in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The ratio of maternal mortality is, even higher in rural areas of the country. Lack of health care facilities, education, malnutrition, poverty, high prevalence of violence against women in rural areas, and socioeconomic factors are some of the major contributing elements for elevated levels of maternal mortality and morbidity rate in Pakistan. By making inclusive policies at the national level to improve the reach of the rural population to healthcare facilities, educating women and eliminating gender-based disparities, introducing family planning interventions, accountability, and continuity of democracy are essentially needed to improve maternal health in Pakistan’s rural areas. This chapter focuses on challenges to maternal health in rural areas and possible options to resolve these issues.
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Prabhu, Deepa Fernandes, e Richard C. Larson. "Scaling the Maternal and Newborn Survival Initiative (MANSI)". In Innovations in Global Maternal Health, 224–46. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2351-3.ch010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) are unacceptably high in many parts of rural India. This article focuses on a system analysis approach to the best practices for scaling and replicating of maternal and newborn survival initiative (MANSI), a field-tested pilot program for addressing high IMRs and MMRs. A system dynamics model of the village birthing system is used to understand the resources needed for the viability of scaling or replication, is constructed and incorporated in the analysis. The MANSI program is a public and private partnership between a few key players. Implemented in the Seraikela area of India's Jharkhand state, the program has achieved a 32.7% reduction in neonatal mortality, a 26.5% reduction in IMR, and a 50% increase in hospital births, which tend to have better health outcomes for women and newborns. The authors conclude with a discussion of the prospects for and difficulties of replicating MANSI in other resource-constrained areas, not only in India but in other developing countries as well.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Increasing maternal mortality rate"
1
Madmarov, Nurbek, e Metin Bayrak. "Determinants of Maternal Mortality Rate in The Kyrgyz Republic Regions". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Population is an important factor in development of a country. As a constraint, not only the size of the population is important but also its quality in the development process. Women’s health is considered all over the world and the data about this aspect is published by the World Health Organization annually. Among others maternal mortality rate is one of the major problems affecting women’s health and population. Everyday 830 women die due to the problems related to pregnancy and childbirth in the world. While this number is relatively lower in the developed countries, it is higher in the underdeveloped and developing countries. In addition, the maternal mortality rate in the Caucasus and Central Asia ranks in the worst third in the world. In the Kyrgyz Republic, this rate is 82.083333 per 10000 live births which is the worst in the region. Therefore, it is among one of the countries where the maternal mortality should be reduced in the framework of the Millennium Development Goals. In this study, the determinants of maternal mortality rate are analyzed in the Kyrgyz Republic regions during 2000-2015 by using static panel data methods fixed effects and random effects. The findings show that there are significant decreasing effects of GDP, number of assistant physicians, births by skilled staff, improved sanitation facilities, and gender wage equality, there are significant increasing effects of health expenditures, medical facilities, and poverty among women on the maternal mortality.
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Sankaran, Sethuraman, e Alison L. Marsden. "A Computational Technique for Robust Optimization of Cardiovascular Bypass Graft Surgeries". In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19095.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bypass graft (BG) surgeries involve surgical construction of a graft over a blocked blood vessel. The graft can either be native tissue of the patient or a synthetic material. Some commonly performed BG surgeries include aorto-bifemoral, femoro-popliteal, femoro-tibial, and coronary artery bypass (CABG). The operative mortality rate for CABG is around 3%. Around 15 to 30% of bypass grafts occlude within the first year of surgery, increasing to over 50% after 10 years. Graft incompatibility, and hemodynamic factors such as blood recirculation, low wall shear stress, and abnormal wall shear stress gradients play an important role in the onset and development of intimal thickening and plaque deposition (atherogenesis).
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Sultana, Mst Irin, Mst Lucky Sultana Lovely e Md Mahmudul Hasan. "Building Prediction Models for Maternal Mortality Rate in Bangladesh". In 2019 5th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaee48663.2019.8975446.
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Hariani, Nurul Jamila, e Falih Suaedi. "Collaborative Innovation in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) Handling Program in Sidoarjo". In 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007549506800684.
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Lari, Noora, Noof Al-Rakeb, Noor Al Emadi e Sundos Ashi. "Fertility Transitions: Implications for Future Demographic Trends in Qatar". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0253.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: In Qatar, while most of the country’s demographic situations have been widely studied, much less attention has been paid to the determinants of Qatari women’s sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of family planning methods. This raises the following question: How, and to what extent, do population dynamics that stratify national populations by age; sex; marital status; and level of education, income, and employment contribute to the declining of fertility rate and cause mortality differentials in Qatar. Materials and methods: Data from a 2018 fertility survey project with a random sample of 607 Qatari households, collected via personal interviews using a questionnaire and a computer assisted personal interview, by the Social and Economic Survey Research Institute at Qatar University, was examined based on a multi-dimensional model. The data were analyzed using logistic and Poisson regression techniques. Results: The data show that Qatari women’s total fertility rate is 3.2, with women in the 20–29 age group having the highest fertility rates. Evaluating the effects of women’s educational attainment and employment status revealed no significant factors influencing the agespecific fertility rate of Qatari women. In addition, the results indicate that the most common contraceptive method currently used among Qatari women is pills (29%), and their use is more prevalent among older Qatari women who have had more children than among younger Qatari women with fewer children. Conclusion/ future direction: The paper provides comprehensive policy recommendations for increasing the reproductive rate in Qatar by providing supporting programs to increase the total fertility rate and childbearing rates among Qatari women. It also promotes the provision of high-quality family planning services.
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Fatmawati, Novianti Indah, Ratna Dwi Wulandari e Tito Yustiawan. "Family Care Empowerment in Reducing Maternal and Infant Mortality Rate: A Success Story". In The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007511702130220.
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Koblizek, Vladimir, Jiri Jarkovsky, Ladislav Dusek, Klara Benesova, Michal Svoboda e Kristian Brat. "The Czechia COPD mortality rate declining,but total deaths increasing". In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.434.
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Sundararaman, Arun, e Srinivasan Valady Ramanathan. "A novel approach to estimate Maternal Mortality Rate and its determinants by statistical modelling". In 2016 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdew.2016.7495623.
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Yalina, Nita, Dwi Rukma Santi e Moh Abdul Aziz. "Early Warning Information System of Pregnancy Risk as an Effort to Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate". In the International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3127942.3127963.
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Suryowati, Kris, Monalisa Ode Ranggo, Rokhana Dwi Bekti, Edhy Sutanta e Eko Riswanto. "Geographically Weighted Regression using Fixed and Adaptive Gaussian Kernel Weighting for Maternal Mortality Rate Analysis". In 2021 3rd International Conference on Electronics Representation and Algorithm (ICERA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icera53111.2021.9538643.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Increasing maternal mortality rate"
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Finkelstein, Maxim S. Aging: damage accumulation versus increasing mortality rate. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, agosto 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2005-018.
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Guess, Frank, e Matthew Witten. A Population of Exponentially Distributed Individual Lifespans Cannot Lead to Gompertzian or to Weibull (with Increasing Mortality Rate) Dynamics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177175.
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