Zeitschriftenartikel: „Number of logging tools“

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Ashok, Lama. "Monitoring and Logging Best Practices in Java Microservices for Effective Software Development." International Journal of Computer Application 15, no. 2 (2025): 4–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15362493.

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Abstract In the era of microservices architecture, effective monitoring and log The complexity of administering and observing these systems increases with the distribution of applications, so it is crucial to have strong monitoring and logging procedures in place. Best practices for Java microservices monitoring and logging are examined in this article, with a focus on the value of real-time insights into application activity, performance indicators, and error tracking. Effective monitoring and logging are made possible by a number of tools and frameworks, including Prometheus, Grafana, and ELK Stack. We also go over how to incorporate these techniques into the software development lifecycle. Additionally, We emphasize how important distributed tracing and structured logging are for improving observability across microservices. Organizations may improve system dependability, proactively detect and fix problems, and improve overall software quality by implementing thorough monitoring and logging procedures. These actions will ultimately improve user experience and boost operational efficiency.   Keywords Java, Microservices, Monitoring, Logging, Spring Boot, Observability, ELK Stack, Prometheus, Grafana, Distributed Tracing

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Pine, John C., Brian D. Marx, and Cornelis F. de Hoop. "Characteristics of Workers' Compensation Injuries for Logging Operations in Louisiana: 1985-1990." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 3 (1994): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.3.110.

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Abstract The number of reported workers' compensation injuries in logging operations in Louisiana has decreased at a time when the number of employees in logging has increased. Employees with less than 3 yr of employment accounted for 82% of all claims. The percentage of cases involving cuts and lacerations decreased from 1985 through 1990; however, sprains and strains increased, from 15% in 1985 to 28% in 1990, during this period. Back injuries accounted for 15% of injuries. Falls contributed to 13% of injuries. Falling trees were the major cause of fatalities. Truck drivers were 20% of the claimants. Workers who were struck by or against trees or logs resulted in a major cause of lost time injuries to employees, as well as in juries from the use of hand tools, which have decreased, from 25% in 1987 to 13% in 1990. The lower extremities are most vulnerable to injuries in logging operations. Workers' compensation injuries and cost continues to be a major concern for those involved in logging operations, even though the frequency and rate of cases decreased from 1985 to 1990. South. J. Appl. For. 18(3): 110-115.

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Bradley, Tom, Simon Austin, David Holbrough, et al. "A Universal Data Format for Wellbore Logs." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 64, no. 6 (2023): 823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv64n6-2023a1.

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This paper describes a proposed high-specification standard format that is ideally suited for the data management of definitive records of wellbore logs. For this reason, it is a good standard for data exchange between applications. The format is suitable for complex three-dimensional (3D) data, including those generated by deep azimuthal resistivity (DAR) and ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) tools, acoustic borehole reflection images, vertical seismic profiles (VSP), borehole imaging tools, multifingered caliper logs, and array data with multiple depths of investigation. It is applicable for use with logging-while-drilling (LWD) and wireline-conveyed logging tools. The format also naturally collapses down when utilized to store simple conventional logs that contain one value per depth in the wellbore. The proposed format provides spatial details of every data point collected by or interpreted from a wellbore-logging tool. The position of each data point is defined by reference back to the measure point of the sonde, which in turn is defined by the wellbore deviation survey and its coordinate reference system (CRS). Each data point in space may have an unrestricted number of parameters. An example might be most likely horizontal and vertical resistivity, maximum value based on uncertainty, minimum value based on uncertainty, and flags indicating the data position with respect to depth of detection (DOD). The new proposed format is so versatile. It is suitable as an Open Group Open Subsurface Data UniverseTM (OSDUTM) standard to store and exchange all data measured by logging tools in a wellbore and can possibly be extended to include all well data (for example, core, cuttings, and more). The proposed format requires a detailed definition so that computer scientists can implement it in applications used for subsurface modeling. The OSDU will also require this detailed definition in order to adopt it as a standard.

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Skakalska, L. V., A. V. Nazarevych, and V. I. Kosarchyn. "THE THEORETICAL-EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUE OF HYDROCARBONS PREDICTION IN THE BOREHOLES LOGS WITH THE BASIC PARAMETER – COMPRESSIBILITY." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2018.4.18-25.

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The theoretical-empirical technique of hydrocarbon prediction in the boreholes logs is presented. It is based on the adequate physical-mathematical model of rocks, on the empirical relations between compressibility, porosity and pressure for these rocks, on the core data and also on acoustic logging data (the interval times or body wave’s velocities). For the cases of the acoustic logging data absence, the variants of the prediction technique by using data of gamma-logging, electric logging, and the offset logging method are developed. The presented technique is realized as a system of theoretical and empirical relations and the resulting functional. The adequate set of software tools is developed in the Fortran, C# and Excel environments. The technique is tested on the well’s data of a number of structures of Western oil and gas region of Ukraine: Lishchynska, Buchatska, Ludynska, Zaluzhanska, Zarichnianska, Nyklovytska, Orkhovytska. The statistical estimations of petrophysical characteristics of rock-collectors of those wells are presented. For more reliable prediction by the technique, instead of relations for the general parametric base, the empirical relations for concrete available in the studied boreholes logs types and subtypes of rock-collectors are elaborated.

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Mokhirev, Aleskandr P., Sergey Yu Rezinkin, Sergey O. Medvedev, and Nataliya A. Bragina. "USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE EVALUATION OF THE DENSITY OF ROADS OF FORESTRY AREAS." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 3 (2020): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-3-181-191.

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In Russia, the density of forest roads is significantly lower than in countries with developed forest industries. This negatively affects the efficiency of logging and the yield of wood per unit area. There are different opinions about the normative and actual values of the density of forest roads in the forest regions of Russia. Today, it is possible to assess the density of forest roads and analyze its development using modern geographic information systems (GIS). In these studies, the density of forest roads is determined using the ArcGis software package in the two forest districts of Krasnoyarsk Territory. The roads located on the territory of the studied sections are digitized and divided by types: highway of year-round operation, branch, logging mustache. Using the tools of the software package, the lengths and densities of roads are determined by their types. The obtained values are consistent with the indicators of other researchers from different regions of Russia. The results of this task are necessary for the planning of logging production when searching for optimal routes for wood delivery, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions. Using ArcGIS tools allowed us to automate a significant number of calculations in the study and, in particular, calculate the density of roads, visualize the data obtained, and also form the basis for further research.

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Zhao, Jiajun, Ruijia Wang, Qingtao Sun, and Richard T. Coates. "Reciprocal-condition-number-based borehole acoustic dispersion curve prediction." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): A33—A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0443.1.

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The prediction of dispersion curves is an essential part of understanding borehole acoustic modes. Traditional dispersion curve calculation requires finding zeros of the determinant of the characteristic matrix of a borehole system. This approach is subject to interpretational ambiguity because the determinant can be scaled arbitrarily. We have developed an alternative approach based on the reciprocal condition number (RCN) of the characteristic matrix. The RCN quantifies the singularity of a matrix on a fixed scale between zero and unity; thus, it represents wave modal strengths. We find that our method and traditional methods give identical dispersion-curve locations for simple models and that our method provides more insights on the wave modal amplitudes of complicated models with multiple layers, such as those incorporating logging tools and casing strings. Finally, we determine how our method can be used as the basis of sensitivity analysis to indicate how the dispersion curves are dependent on the model parameters.

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Gerasimov, Yuri, and Anton Sokolov. "Decision Making Toolset for Woody Biomass Supply Chain in Karelia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.319.

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The paper gives an overview of the models implemented in a new toolset for Russian logging companies. The toolset consists of a number of optimization tools, including the routing and scheduling of roundwood and energy wood harvesting teams, the sequencing of harvest areas, the estimation of available forest biomass potential in harvesting sites, and the planning of forest road networks. The optimization of routes is based on a two-phase algorithm where a heuristic optimization method is used to choose the best transportation paths and dynamic programming is used to choose the daily tasks and vehicle routing. The toolset has been tested in logging companies located in Russian Karelia. The results show that the toolset can be used to support a wide range of planning decisions at company level including truck routing, fleet utilization levels, and choice of transport method under new infrastructure assumptions.

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Gao, Bo, Qingyao Huang, and Michael Baudis. "segment_liftover : a Python tool to convert segments between genome assemblies." F1000Research 7 (March 14, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14148.1.

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The process of assembling a species’ reference genome may be performed in a number of iterations, with subsequent genome assemblies differing in the coordinates of mapped elements. The conversion of genome coordinates between different assemblies is required for many integrative and comparative studies. While currently a number of bioinformatics tools are available to accomplish this task, most of them are tailored towards the conversion of single genome coordinates. When converting the boundary positions of segments spanning larger genome regions, segments may be mapped into smaller sub-segments if the original segment’s continuity is disrupted in the target assembly. Such a conversion may lead to a relevant degree of data loss in some circumstances such as copy number variation (CNV) analysis, where the quantitative representation of a genomic region takes precedence over base-specific accuracy. segment_liftover aims at continuity-preserving remapping of genome segments between assemblies and provides features such as approximate locus conversion, automated batch processing and comprehensive logging to facilitate processing of datasets containing large numbers of structural genome variation data.

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Gao, Bo, Qingyao Huang, and Michael Baudis. "segment_liftover : a Python tool to convert segments between genome assemblies." F1000Research 7 (June 8, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14148.2.

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The process of assembling a species’ reference genome may be performed in a number of iterations, with subsequent genome assemblies differing in the coordinates of mapped elements. The conversion of genome coordinates between different assemblies is required for many integrative and comparative studies. While currently a number of bioinformatics tools are available to accomplish this task, most of them are tailored towards the conversion of single genome coordinates. When converting the boundary positions of segments spanning larger genome regions, segments may be mapped into smaller sub-segments if the original segment’s continuity is disrupted in the target assembly. Such a conversion may lead to a relevant degree of data loss in some circumstances such as copy number variation (CNV) analysis, where the quantitative representation of a genomic region takes precedence over base-specific accuracy. segment_liftover aims at continuity-preserving remapping of genome segments between assemblies and provides features such as approximate locus conversion, automated batch processing and comprehensive logging to facilitate processing of datasets containing large numbers of structural genome variation data.

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Hadi, Satrio Nur, and Tahura Malagano. "Analisis terhadap Peranan Polri Sebagai Penyidik Dalam Tindak Pidana Penebangan Hutan Tanpa Izin (Penelitian Berkas Perkara Nomor BP/83/XI/2010/RESKRIM pada Polres Tulang Bawang)." Wajah Hukum 4, no. 2 (2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i2.221.

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Forest development is a national development target that is expected to provide maximum benefits for the people's welfare, in fact this is now very difficult to happen, because there are many cases of logging without permission from the authorized official. This is the case in the Sungai Buaya Register 45 Forest Area, Mesuji Regency, Lampung. In the case file Number BP / 83 / XI / 2010 RESKRIM to the Tulang Bawang Pokes that the suspect named Komang Salie alias Komang Bon alias Wayan Putra bin Wayan Mije, is suspected of having committed a criminal act of logging without the permission of the authorized official, in a case which is suspected by everyone. prohibited from occupying and or working and or using, encroaching, cutting trees and harvesting or collecting forest products without having the right and permission from the authorized official and carrying tools specifically used to cut, cut or cut trees in the forest area without a permit authorized officials, and those who commit, who order to do, participate in the act or those who deliberately provide assistance at the time the crime is committed or those who deliberately provide opportunities, means to commit the crime, as referred to in Article 50 paragraph (3) letters a, b, e, and k Jo Article 78 paragraph (2), (5), and ( 10) Law Number 19 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Jo Articles 55, 56 of the Criminal Code. The problem in this research is what is the role of the National Police as an investigator in the criminal act of logging without the permission of the authorized official and what factors are the factors that hinder the role of the Police as an investigator in the criminal act of logging without the permission of the authorized official. The method that the author uses in this research is to use normative and empirical approaches, primary and secondary data types, data collection methods with literature study and field studies, and descriptive qualitative data analysis. Based on the results of the research, the role of the National Police as an investigator in the crime of forest logging without the permission of the authorized official case number BP / 83 / XI / 2010 / RESKRIM at the Tulang Bawang Police, among others, before the investigation was carried out, an investigation was first carried out to determine the truth of the criminal act that occur. The investigation is based on KUHAP and Law Number 02 of 2002 concerning the Police.

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Wang, Gong Li, and Aria Abubakar. "Rapid simulation of borehole electromagnetic response in axially symmetric and transversely isotropic formations." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 4 (2018): E245—E257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0095.1.

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Downhole well-logging data acquired by modern electromagnetic (EM) tools enables determining not only conductivity but also conductivity anisotropy of reservoirs. The most popular anisotropic model for EM data interpretation is a horizontally layered model with transverse isotropic conductivity in each layer. Such a model ignores the conductivity change caused by the mud-filtrate invasion that often occurs in a permeable layer. The invasion effect can be so strong that the conductivity derived using the 1D model can be substantially affected. We have developed an efficient forward-modeling approach that includes the invasion in the formation model so that the invasion effect can be properly accounted for in data interpretation and inversion. The approach uses a Fourier series expansion for the electric field in the azimuthal direction to take advantage of the invariance of conductivity in this direction. Each harmonic in the expansion is expressed in terms of numerical eigenmodes in the radial direction and exponential functions in the vertical direction. Physically, the latter describes a set of plane waves propagating upward or downward in the vertical direction. This property allows us to use reflection and transmission matrices to couple EM fields from layer to layer, making it highly efficient to simulate EM logging response because the two matrices are computed only once for all logging points. The approach is best suited for a multilayer and transversely isotropic formation in which each layer can have an arbitrary number of radial discontinuities. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the new approach can accurately model the response of induction and propagation tools in various formations. A speedup of two orders of magnitude is obtained in a multilayer case compared with a previous 2D method using a different hybridization strategy.

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Bondarenko, Maksym, and Volodymyr Kulyk. "Determination of shaliness parameters of terrigenous rocks in cased boreholes and while drilling by radioactive logging combination." Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, no. 61 (December 1, 2024): 10–22. https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2024-61-01.

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Introduction. Shaliness is an important lithological and petrophysical characteristic of reservoirs and seals in section of oil-and-gas boreholes as well as near-surface rocks (grounds) as the basis of buildings and engineering structures. Granulometric shaliness, determined by the presence of pelitic particles, and mineral shaliness, which characterizes the content of clay minerals, are distinguished in terrigenous rocks. In the sections of oil-and-gas fields, granulometric shaliness is one of the criteria for identifying reservoirs and affects their reservoir properties. The physical properties of reservoirs, which are studied by borehole logging, depend on the content and type of clay minerals. Information about clay minerals is taken into account when drilling and stimulation of hydrocarbon production. Shaly grounds apply to the group of cohesive ones, which in construction most often serve as the foundations of structures. At that these grounds are classified as difficult engineering-geological conditions for construction, since clay minerals specifically affect their strength, stability, etc. In oil-and-gas and engineering-geological boreholes the empirical equations relating gamma-ray logging readings and granulometric shaliness are most often used for quantitative estimation. Herewith, it is traditionally thought that the clay minerals make up the bulk of the pelitic particles. The paper is concerned with increasing the informativity of the borehole logging while investigating the shaliness of terrigenous oil-and-gas reservoirs and near-surface rocks based on a combination of gamma-ray logging, gamma-gamma density logging and neutron-neutron logging (GR+DL+NL). The investigation methodology included: borehole geophysical measurements by tools created at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine independently and in collaboration with partner organizations; interpretation and analysis of logging data; justification and development of approaches to increase the informativity of the GR+DL+NL combination; estimation of the effectiveness of author's developments using independent criterions. As a result of the investigation, on the basis of the abovementioned logging combination, the set of determined parameters is increased as compared with the traditional practice; number of new methods is developed for determining the parameters of shaliness, among them the content of clay minerals, their density and hydrogen index. The use of these parameters, in turn, improves the accuracy of porosity determination and other reservoir properties from logging data. Method for estimating the type of clay mineral according to the GR+DL+NL data is proposed. The method is an available alternative to geochemical core studies and to more expensive and difficult logging methods. The novelty of the developments is confirmed by patents, and their effectiveness is confirmed by the results of borehole tests and comparison with independent determinations of parameters (laboratory core examinations, control logging data). Practical significance. The proposed approaches are an important component of technologies for investigating oil-and-gas reservoirs and near-surface rocks, which are being developed at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

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Chikwetu, Lucy, Shaundra Daily, Bobak J. Mortazavi, and Jessilyn Dunn. "Automated Diet Capture Using Voice Alerts and Speech Recognition on Smartphones: Pilot Usability and Acceptability Study." JMIR Formative Research 7 (May 16, 2023): e46659. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/46659.

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Background Effective monitoring of dietary habits is critical for promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing or delaying the onset and progression of diet-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent advances in speech recognition technologies and natural language processing present new possibilities for automated diet capture; however, further exploration is necessary to assess the usability and acceptability of such technologies for diet logging. Objective This study explores the usability and acceptability of speech recognition technologies and natural language processing for automated diet logging. Methods We designed and developed base2Diet—an iOS smartphone application that prompts users to log their food intake using voice or text. To compare the effectiveness of the 2 diet logging modes, we conducted a 28-day pilot study with 2 arms and 2 phases. A total of 18 participants were included in the study, with 9 participants in each arm (text: n=9, voice: n=9). During phase I of the study, all 18 participants received reminders for breakfast, lunch, and dinner at preselected times. At the beginning of phase II, all participants were given the option to choose 3 times during the day to receive 3 times daily reminders to log their food intake for the remainder of the phase, with the ability to modify the selected times at any point before the end of the study. Results The total number of distinct diet logging events per participant was 1.7 times higher in the voice arm than in the text arm (P=.03, unpaired t test). Similarly, the total number of active days per participant was 1.5 times higher in the voice arm than in the text arm (P=.04, unpaired t test). Furthermore, the text arm had a higher attrition rate than the voice arm, with only 1 participant dropping out of the study in the voice arm, while 5 participants dropped out in the text arm. Conclusions The results of this pilot study demonstrate the potential of voice technologies in automated diet capturing using smartphones. Our findings suggest that voice-based diet logging is more effective and better received by users compared to traditional text-based methods, underscoring the need for further research in this area. These insights carry significant implications for the development of more effective and accessible tools for monitoring dietary habits and promoting healthy lifestyle choices.

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Suhorukova, K. V., and A. M. Petrov. "Electrical anisotropy of terrigenous deposits: a brief overview of approaches to its determination from electrical logging data in vertical wells." Russian Journal of Geophysical Technologies, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/10.18303/2619-1563-2021-3-41.

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The article briefly reviews a number of publications on the problem of determining rocks electrical resistivity anisotropy (primarily of sedimentary genesis) using downhole resistivity logs. We provide the information on the main causes of sandy-clay sediments micro- and macroanisotropy according to Russian papers and the history of the model-based approaches to the resistivity anisotropy description according to Russian and foreign articles. We analyze the main approaches to the vertical resistivity estimation. Both new hardware solutions aimed at direct measurement of electromagnetic field components sensitive to anisotropy and methodological techniques for extracting this information from the signals of "conventional" resistivity logging tools are considered according to published studies. The hardware solutions are multicomponent measurements with inclined and perpendicular (to the tool axis) coils, as well as with coaxial toroidal coils. Methodological techniques include combining data measured by tools with different types of medium excitation, for example, induction and galvanic. A number of papers suggest a two-step scheme: the first step is to determine the horizontal resistivity using induction arrays data, and the second step is to determine the vertical resistivity using focused lateral logs. Such schemes are implemented using numerical inversion algorithms and in some cases by inventing transformations of measured signals. Adding anisotropy to the interpretational model is based on a priori data (core studies, microresistivity logs). In the absence of a priori data, anisotropy is added when it is impossible to reconcile the parameters of isotropic models built independently based on logs with different type of excitation. A special focus of the review is on the development of the theory of unfocused lateral logging (BKZ) method by Soviet and Russian scientists and on the history of research on the electrical anisotropy influence on the signals of gradient probes. Due to the widespread use of the method in the USSR, this topic is presented in a number of papers revealing the results of anisotropic geoelectric models theoretical studies, numerical and physical modeling of BKZ logs and methodological developments for their interpretation.

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Suhorukova, K. V., and A. M. Petrov. "Electrical anisotropy of terrigenous deposits: a brief overview of approaches to its determination from electrical logging data in vertical wells." Russian Journal of Geophysical Technologies, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/2619-1563-2021-3-41.

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The article briefly reviews a number of publications on the problem of determining rocks electrical resistivity anisotropy (primarily of sedimentary genesis) using downhole resistivity logs. We provide the information on the main causes of sandy-clay sediments micro- and macroanisotropy according to Russian papers and the history of the model-based approaches to the resistivity anisotropy description according to Russian and foreign articles. We analyze the main approaches to the vertical resistivity estimation. Both new hardware solutions aimed at direct measurement of electromagnetic field components sensitive to anisotropy and methodological techniques for extracting this information from the signals of "conventional" resistivity logging tools are considered according to published studies. The hardware solutions are multicomponent measurements with inclined and perpendicular (to the tool axis) coils, as well as with coaxial toroidal coils. Methodological techniques include combining data measured by tools with different types of medium excitation, for example, induction and galvanic. A number of papers suggest a two-step scheme: the first step is to determine the horizontal resistivity using induction arrays data, and the second step is to determine the vertical resistivity using focused lateral logs. Such schemes are implemented using numerical inversion algorithms and in some cases by inventing transformations of measured signals. Adding anisotropy to the interpretational model is based on a priori data (core studies, microresistivity logs). In the absence of a priori data, anisotropy is added when it is impossible to reconcile the parameters of isotropic models built independently based on logs with different type of excitation. A special focus of the review is on the development of the theory of unfocused lateral logging (BKZ) method by Soviet and Russian scientists and on the history of research on the electrical anisotropy influence on the signals of gradient probes. Due to the widespread use of the method in the USSR, this topic is presented in a number of papers revealing the results of anisotropic geoelectric models theoretical studies, numerical and physical modeling of BKZ logs and methodological developments for their interpretation.

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Carpenter, Chris. "Thermal-Hydrodynamic Modeling Includes Fracture-Flow Analysis To Assess Well Flow." Journal of Petroleum Technology 77, no. 03 (2025): 58–60. https://doi.org/10.2118/0325-0058-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 4054832, “Horizontal Well-Flow-Profile Assessment: Advanced Thermal-Hydrodynamic Modeling With Fracture-Flow Analysis,” by Maxim Volkov, Yulia Fesina, SPE, and Natalya Kudryavaya, TGT Diagnostics, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Production logging in horizontal wells plays a critical role in the strategic development of hydrocarbon fields. However, conventional diagnostic methods for reservoir evaluation often face challenges in interpreting well performance accurately because of complex flow patterns. The complete paper discusses the concept, applications, and continual evolution of a new 3D temperature and spectral acoustics modeling and logging approach. This methodology has undergone rigorous testing across diverse field trials, encompassing a variety of completion designs, logging conditions, and operational types, that have validated the effectiveness of the modeling approach and illuminated its potential. Theoretical Background and Modeling This section of the complete paper provides a comprehensive overview of a recently developed thermophysical model designed for the quantitative interpretation of temperature and pressure-logging data in horizontal wells. The model accurately details the dynamics of fluid flow and heat-transfer phenomena within a well with multiple fractures and drilled in an anisotropic reservoir. It describes complex interactions between the wellbore, surrounding geological structures, and fluid dynamics, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of the reservoir’s behavior under various operational conditions. This advanced modeling approach enables more-precise predictions and improved decision-making in the management and exploitation of hydrocarbon resources. The complete paper details the theoretical foundations of the model, including equations related to the modeling of hydrodynamics and conjugate heat transfer. To enhance the understanding of downhole temperatures and reduce uncertainties in interpreting temperature anomalies, temperature logging typically is conducted alongside passive spectral acoustic tools. Measuring acoustic fields while flowing the well allows for the classification of the flow type at each measurement point within a 10- to 15-ft scanning radius. This approach helps identify turbulence (acoustic noise) from flow in the matrix, fractures, and their initiation points, and annular flow between the casing and liner and the sand interface, including cases of completion-integrity failure. Although modeling temperature is feasible without spectral acoustics, using hydrophones significantly aids in deciphering indicated temperature anomalies, detecting minor flow zones that may not produce temperature anomalies. Spectral acoustic data acquisition covers the same intervals as temperature logging but generally is performed during the upward pass at stations spaced proportionally to the number of tools used, with vertical resolution parameters set before the operation. Recent advancements have enabled a vertical resolution of 1 ft and the capability to assess the radial distance to the acoustic source. Temperature data are collected primarily during a continuous down pass at a speed of 15–20 ft/min. To calibrate the Cascade 3D model, it is advisable to use at least two different well operational regimes: shut-in and either flowing or injection. Two case studies are included in the complete paper to show the application of the described modeling in the horizontal producer and injectors, its ability to assess the temperature response in different well configurations such as openhole and smart completions, and its potential to identify and quantify the flow from the areas that are supposed to be isolated. Both surveys were conducted using coiled tubing methods under at least two logging regimes: shut in and flowing. The first case study is included in this synopsis.

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Zhang, Lin, Mary M. Poulton, and Tsili Wang. "Borehole electrical resistivity modeling using neural networks." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 6 (2002): 1790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1527079.

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A neural network approach has been applied to model downhole resistivity tools, i.e., to generate a synthetic tool response for a given earth resistivity model. The microlaterolog (MLL), shallow dual laterolog (DLLs), and deep dual laterolog (DLLd) tools are modeled using neural networks to demonstrate this approach. Efforts have been made to select various neural network parameters, including the type of neural network, the length of input data for training, the number of hidden nodes, and the number of training samples. A modular neural network (MNN) has been selected because it can facilitate the training and prediction of tool responses in formations with large resistivity variations. The input data for training are taken to be the model formation resistivity values sampled over a depth window. The window length is chosen based on the tool lengths. Three different window lengths are used for experiments: 6.1, 9.1, and 30.5 m. We found the longer window lengths generally have higher modeling accuracy for the three different types of logging tools. The number of hidden nodes needed to yield satisfactory training and prediction data varies from 8 to 25, depending on the type of tool and the window length. Up to 30 000 training samples have been collected to train the MNN. Our modeling examples show that the trained MNN can achieve about 90% accuracy for the MLL log response and about 83% accuracy for the DLLs and DLLd responses. The modeling errors can be described roughly with a Gaussian distribution.

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Zharikov, E. V., and S. F. Telenyk. "Specialized software for simulating dynamic virtual machine consolidation." PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, no. 1 (March 2022): 003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2022.01.003.

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For many cloud service providers, virtual machines remain the basic technology for computing virtualization. Virtual machines are used both to host application software and to implement container virtualization. Widespread use of virtual machines develops specialized software to determine the impact of model parameters on the quality of the consolidation process, which will prevent experimental research in production to evaluate new cloud data center resource management strategies. In recent years, there were many approaches in literature that offers various sets of software tools and frameworks for modeling data center processes, providing a platform and the necessary building blocks to optimize the process of consolidation of virtual machines. Models and software tools for modeling data center resource management processes are usually not exhaustive and solve a specific problem or management task. The specialized simulation software presented in the paper allows to investigate different control modes of virtual machines dynamic consolidation, provides a wide range of logging and debugging information using text and MS Excel files, such as performance indicators and workload diagrams, and allows to determine the optimal model parameters for various modes of data center operation, minimizing the number of active physical servers and reducing the number of SLA violations.

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Kraus, Nicolai, Michael Aichem, Karsten Klein, Etienne Lein, Alex Jordan, and Falk Schreiber. "TIBA: A web application for the visual analysis of temporal occurrences, interactions, and transitions of animal behavior." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 10 (2024): e1012425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012425.

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Data in behavioral research is often quantified with event-logging software, generating large data sets containing detailed information about subjects, recipients, and the duration of behaviors. Exploring and analyzing such large data sets can be challenging without tools to visualize behavioral interactions between individuals or transitions between behavioral states, yet software that can adequately visualize complex behavioral data sets is rare. TIBA (The Interactive Behavior Analyzer) is a web application for behavioral data visualization, which provides a series of interactive visualizations, including the temporal occurrences of behavioral events, the number and direction of interactions between individuals, the behavioral transitions and their respective transitional frequencies, as well as the visual and algorithmic comparison of the latter across data sets. It can therefore be applied to visualize behavior across individuals, species, or contexts. Several filtering options (selection of behaviors and individuals) together with options to set node and edge properties (in the network drawings) allow for interactive customization of the output drawings, which can also be downloaded afterwards. TIBA accepts data outputs from popular logging software and is implemented in Python and JavaScript, with all current browsers supported. The web application and usage instructions are available at tiba.inf.uni-konstanz.de. The source code is publicly available on GitHub: github.com/LSI-UniKonstanz/tiba.

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Mokhirev, A. P., M. M. Gerasimova, K. P. Rukomojnikov, and Т. V. Sergeeva. "Software tool to find optimal sequence of production process technological operations for logging enterprise." Forestry Bulletin 26, no. 1 (2022): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-1-114-125.

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The development of a software tool for finding the optimal sequence of technological operations of the production process of a logging enterprise, as well as the principles of its operation, is considered. Planning of logging production is quite a complex process, since it is necessary to determine the optimal strategy of activity, taking into account a large number of factors, increasing revenue and reducing costs. There are many options for organizing the technological process of harvesting and hauling wood. The program is developed on the basis of the algorithm given in the scientific literature for solving the problem of finding the optimal technological sequence of logging operations in order to automate calculations that are time-consuming. The application is created in the Delphi programming language in the Delhi XE2 RAD Studio development environment. The data used for the calculations is presented in an Excel table. To find the minimum cost flow, the program implements the Basaker — Gowan and Ford — Bellman algorithms. The result of the software tool is the optimal technological chain of delivery of wood from the cutting area to the consumer and corresponding costs. The results are displayed on the screen and can be saved to an Excel file. It is possible for the user to get help information about working with the program. With the help of the developed application, the technological chain of operations for the primary processing and transportation of harvested wood from the cutting area to the consumer is determined, which is characterized by a minimum cost for performing all types of work. The testing showed that the software can be used in practical activities by the head of the logging process at the enterprises of the forest industry.

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Shinn, JP, DM Munroe, and JM Rose. "A fish’s-eye-view: accessible tools to document shellfish farms as marine habitat in New Jersey, USA." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 13 (August 12, 2021): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00407.

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Shellfish growers routinely observe fish and invertebrates interacting with their aquaculture gear. To quantitatively assess these interactions, underwater action cameras (GoPro®) were used to document fish and invertebrate activity in and around floating oyster bags, cages, and a natural marsh habitat on an oyster farm in the Little Egg Harbor region of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, in 2018. A free and open-source event-logging software was used to analyze video files. A total of 21 species from 4 phyla were identified across all days and sites. Nekton were quantified from continuously recorded video using the MaxN abundance metric, defined as the maximum number of individuals of a given species present within each 1 min segment of video. Species of both ecological and economic importance in the local ecosystem used the 3 intertidal habitats. Abundance and community composition observed around oyster cages differed from that around floating oyster bags and marsh edge; the latter 2 habitats were not significantly different. Juvenile fish were frequently observed, suggesting that the oyster farm may provide similar natural history functions as other natural marsh habitat.

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PERTON, M., F. J. SÁNCHEZ-SESMA, J. H. SPURLIN, et al. "NUMERICAL AND ULTRASONIC EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATIONS OF ELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION AROUND HOLLOW CYLINDER." Journal of Computational Acoustics 20, no. 02 (2012): 1240008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x12400085.

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A laser-ultrasonic experimental setup was used to study, at a reduced scale, the wave propagation inside and around fluid-filled wells. Simulations tools were also developed and calibrated from comparisons with experimental signals. These tools serve as a connection to realistic scale. A semi-analytical approach, the discrete wave number method was first used to compute signals in a simplified geometrical configuration. This method is fast enough to be used in the identification of the main parameters that describe at best the experimental signals. Then a finite difference scheme was implemented in order to describe accurately the actual well. The two methods describe the attenuation mechanisms by using the Kelvin–Voigt model for the solid and the Maxwell model for the fluid. Comparisons between numerical and experimental waveforms, obtained in the two fundamental elastic configurations: the fast and the slow formations, show very good agreement in arrival times, waveforms and relative amplitudes. This satisfactory result provides insights useful for the recognition and interpretation of wave propagation in complex media. Such is the case of modern sonic-logging technology.

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Yang, Zhentao, Xinding Fang, and L. Huang. "A robust approach for determining borehole shape from six-arm caliper logs." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 6 (2018): D203—D215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0761.1.

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We have developed a robust and reliable method for determining borehole shape from six-arm caliper logs. Four- and six-arm calipers are the common caliper tools used in open-hole logging. They provide information about wellbore geometry that is important in petrophysical and geomechanical analyses. The analysis procedure for four-arm caliper logs is well-established, but the analysis for six-arm caliper logs can be troublesome in complex hole environments containing breakouts or keyseats when the tool is off center. The challenge with the six-arm caliper is how to remove the effect of tool decentralization, which cannot be handled properly by using conventional correction methods, which are developed based on the assumption of circular or elliptical boreholes. To resolve this issue, we have developed a new approach for tool decentralization correction. The new method is based on an assumption that the true borehole center should be the center of a circle that fits the caliper pad positions in the least-squares sense subjected to the restriction that the circle is confined within the six pads. We first compare the new method with the conventional chord method and ellipse-fitting method through numerical modeling. We numerically investigate the general performance of these three methods by using a Monte Carlo approach to generate a large number of simulations that mimic caliper logging run in boreholes with a variety of different wellbore geometry. We then study the applicability of the new method in field data analysis by applying it to a field logging data set acquired in a well that contains the breakout and the keyseat. The modeling and field-data results indicate that the new method can yield more reliable estimates of the virgin borehole center than the other two methods and thus can give clearer delineation of the borehole shape.

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Konde, Samruddhi. "API Gateway-Based Microservices In Java." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research S6, no. 23 (2025): 305–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15227249.

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API Gateway-based micro services are an important design pattern in modern applications. They provide a single entry point for all client requests, simplifying how clients interact with multiple micro services. The API Gateway handles various tasks such as routing requests to the correct service, managing security, limiting the number of requests, and balancing the load across services. By using an API Gateway, developers can make their system more secure, scalable, and easier to maintain. In Java, tools like Spring Cloud Gateway, Zulu, and Kong help build API Gateway-based micro services. In the help of these tools, developers may implement policies like authentication, logging, and monitoring, control routing, and deal with service discovery. Micro services can be made more flexible by employing an API Gateway, which makes it simpler to introduce new services or alter existing ones without disrupting client applications. The main benefits of using an API Gateway in Java micro services include: Centralized Routing: Customers don't need to be aware of the specific services because the API Gateway routes requests to the appropriate micro service. Managing Common Tasks: Things like logging, security, caching, and controlling traffic can be handled by the Gateway, avoiding repetition in each micro service. Security: By controlling user authentication and authorisation and making sure that only                authorised users can access the services, the API Gateway contributes to service security. Simplified Communication: The Gateway can combine responses from multiple services into one, making it easier for the client to get the information they need. Scalability and Reliability: The application is more dependable since the API Gateway can manage system faults and divide the load among services.

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Janová, Jitka, and M. Lindnerová. "The optimization model of the logging machinery usage in forestry practice." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 6 (2009): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957060105.

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The decision support systems commonly used in industry and economy managerial practice for optimizing the processes are based on algoritmization of the typical decision problems. In Czech forestry business, there is a lack of developed decision support systems, which could be easily used in daily practice. This stems from the fact, that the application of optimization methods is less successful in forestry decision making than in industry or economy due to inherent complexity of the forestry decision problems. There is worldwide ongoing research on optimization models applicable in forestry decision making, but the results are not globally applicable and moreover the cost of possibly arising software tools are indispensable. Especially small and medium forestry companies in Czech Republic can not afford such additional costs, although the results of optimization could positively influence not only the business itself but also the impact of forestry business on the environment. Hence there is a need for user friendly optimization models for forestry decision making in the area of Czech Republic, which could be easily solved in commonly available software, and whose results would be both, realistic and easily applicable in the daily decision making.The aim of this paper is to develop the optimization model for the machinery use planning in Czech logging firm in such a way, that the results can be obtained using MS EXCEL. The goal is to identify the integer number of particular machines which should be outsourced for the next period, when the total cost minimization is required. The linear programming model is designed covering the typical restrictions on available machinery and total volume of trees to be cut and transported. The model offers additional result in the form of optimal employment of particular machines. The solution procedure is described in detail and the results obtained are discussed with respect to its applicability in practical forestry decision making. The possibility of extension of suggested model by including additional requirements is mentioned and the example for the wood manipulation requirement is shown.

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Saleh, Ashraf Mousa, and Odai Enaizan. "COG Tool: An Automated Cognitive Measurement of Workload for Mobile Event Logging." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 20 (2022): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i20.33363.

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Cognitive workload has been defined as the cognitive processing amount needed by a user in using an application. Cognitive load theory has been gaining increasing levels of importance within usability evaluations for mobile applications and the user interface. The PACMAD model has proven that cognitive workload (CL) can be seen as being a primary usability evaluation attribute in relation to mobile applications. Once the tasks that have been assigned to users within the environment of the mobile application have been performed by the evaluator, he/she subjectively measures the CL. Typically, subjective measurements are taken at a point following completion of a task and so they are static. Since these methods are static in nature, they are inappropriate for assessment of dynamic changes to the cognitive loads through user interaction. Robust measurement of the cognitive load of a user within real-time is not a simple, trivial undertaking. Lots of research studies have tried to assess the CL of users through use of various subjective measurements, though it is often the case that those approaches are unsuitable for use with real-life applications because of the high degree of intrusiveness. Automated measurement is seen as being a field that is relatively unexplored, particularly if used in relation to CL for mobile applications. The COG tool (CL automated tool) is proposed in this paper since it supports the interaction logging of the user for derivation of CL metrics that are based upon both secondary and primary tasks. Several strengths are provided by the automated measurement of CL, and it fills the gaps of a static nature of its non-objective, automated (subjective) counterpart. Within this research, in order for the study aim to be satisfied, objective CL metrics have been used by the researcher, i.e., task time, task success rate, number of touches, number of errors, duration on help, help visit count, total effort percentage and reaction on help. A total of 68 participants were recruited for the experiment, with them using an AAU mobile application through performance of a task that was predefined without there being any interference of a moderator or researcher. The findings showed that the proposed tool could fulfill the expected cognitive load monitoring functions amongst user interaction, collection of cognitive metrics and the logging of CL metrics that could be analyzed further.

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Egorova, Elena Valer'evna, Vladislav Alexandrovich Shvyrev, and Tat'yana Sergeevna Silkina. "Proposal for the modernization of import-substituting geophysical equipment “AINK-PL” production N. L. Dukhov Scientific Research Institute of Automation." Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety 2024, no. 2 (2024): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2024-2-30-36.

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Geophysical research methods are actively used in the exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, the peculiarity of which is the remoteness of the studied objects from the observer's point. The main purpose of geophysical research is to obtain, transmit, and process information about the topography, soil composition, and quantity and location of groundwater. Such studies are carried out at the end of drilling the well of the exact cut interval using devices lowered into the well on a special geophysical cable. Currently, equipment is being actively developed that helps geophysicists determine the parameters of rocks during the drilling of a well. The signals received in the wells are transmitted to the surface using special built-in transducers on the drill pipe column via a cable built into the column. The development of new, innovative, modern devices for geophysical research is characterized by the complication of equipment with the expansion of parameters, tasks for performing a complex of geophysical research. A number of upgrades to the pulsed neutron gamma-spectrometric logging equipment, which will be able to bring the existing domestic equipment to the level of the latest Western analogues. The scheme of the pulsed gamma neutron device with the T100 calibrator is unique in the industry. This scheme allows for multipoint calibration of sensitivity to oil and gas, calibrated logging performance in accordance with factory specifications and consistency of measurements between tools, regardless of the age of the tool or the conditions of well operation.

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Mikhaylov, I., I. Surodina, V. Glinskikh, and M. Nikitenko. "Signals of electromagnetic tool with toroidal coils in highly deviated wells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2099, no. 1 (2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2099/1/012059.

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Abstract The research is aimed at expanding the applicability of the logging tool with toroidal coils from vertical to highly deviated wells. Its electromagnetic signals are computed with a three-dimensional finite-difference simulation algorithm on the computing resources of the Siberian Supercomputer Center of SB RAS, which is accompanied by a multi-aspect numerical analysis of the signals. We consider a wide range of geoelectric models with various resistivity contrasts: those of oil-, gas- and water-saturated reservoirs having a different number of horizontal boundaries and varying thicknesses, including the case of fine layering.

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Du, Peng, Weizhi Tian, Minghui Song, et al. "Intelligent interpretation and evaluation technique while drilling based on mud logging data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2901, no. 1 (2024): 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2901/1/012012.

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Abstract With the increasing complexity of oil and gas reservoirs, the identification of reservoirs and fluid properties has become more and more difficult, which brings more challenges to hydrocarbon discovery and interpretation, economic capacity assessment, and development program formulation, and at the same time, the process of decision-making in efficient exploration and development is particularly important, which puts higher requirements on the real-time and accuracy of interpretation while drilling. At present, the recording and analysis tools are constantly enriched, showing obvious advantages in the identification and evaluation of unconventional and complex hydrocarbon formations, and accumulating a large amount of data, but the interpretation and evaluation still remain at the level of qualitative and manual interpretation. In order to better utilize the advantages of mud logging technology in interpretation while drilling, intelligent interpretation and evaluation techniques have been established, including: (1) Data depth processing-the development of four techniques, such as automatic data review and processing, full data depth correction of mud logging, multi-factor comprehensive correction of gas logging data, and fine inversion techniques for minerals while drilling, to effectively explore the effective information of the original data; (2) Data mining-the development of gray correlation sensitive parameter preference, the rapid establishment of interpretation methods and other 2 technologies, from scattered, disorderly, large amounts of data to mine key data and establish supporting interpretation methods; (3) Automatic interpretation logic-combined with the density of wells in the block, the number of oil test results, and the characteristics of mud logging technology parameters, a cyclic decision tree was established as the core algorithm, realizing the automatic interpretation of hydrocarbon formations in the drilling process; (4) Intelligent matching model-in order to realize the intelligent matching of formulas, methods, and models, a multi-tagged intelligent matching method was established, which realizes intelligent matching of all kinds of interpretation methods during the drilling process through the marking of multiple types of tags. Intelligent matching of various types of interpretation methods is achieved through multiple types of tag marking to realize intelligent interpretation while drilling. Through the research of the above technologies, the intelligent interpretation of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs in the entire drilling process, well completion and oil testing has been realized, which improves the ability of rapid, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs, and can better support the exploration and development of unconventional and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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Robstad, Christian Andre, Hanna Kavli Lodberg-Holm, Martin Mayer, and Frank Rosell. "The impact of bio-logging on body weight change of the Eurasian beaver." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0261453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261453.

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Bio-logging is a common method to collect ecological data on wild animals, but might also induce stress, reduce body condition, and alter behavior. Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) are a semi-aquatic and nocturnal species that are challenging to observe in the wild. Bio-loggers are hence useful tools to study their behaviour and movements, but this raises concerns of potential negative impacts of tagging. To investigate the potential negative impacts of glue-on tags, we compared body weight change for tagged and untagged Eurasian beavers. We hypothesized that tagged beavers would gain less body weight compared to untagged beavers, and that weight change might be affected by tagging length, tag weight, water temperature and the season of tagging. Daily percentage body weight change in relation to initial body weight during the first capture was compared during 57 tagging periods (18±7 days) and 32 controls periods (64±47 days). Body weight change varied between the two groups, with untagged beavers on average gaining daily weight whilst tagged beavers on average lost weight daily, indicating a negative effect of tagging. The average reduction in percentage body weight change per day for tagged beavers was small (0.1 ± 0.3%), and with large individual variation. Neither tag weight, number of tagging days, nor season were important in explaining body weight change of tagged animals. In other words, we found that tagging reduced daily body weight during the tagging period but were unable to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for this decline. Detrimental effects of tagging have important implications for animal welfare and can introduce bias in data that are collected. This calls for careful consideration in the use of tags. We conclude that studies investigating the effects of tagging should consider individual variation in the effects of tagging and, where possible, compare tagged animals with a control group.

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Iakovakis, George, Constantinos-Giovanni Xarhoulacos, Konstantinos Giovas, and Dimitris Gritzalis. "Analysis and Classification of Mitigation Tools against Cyberattacks in COVID-19 Era." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (August 19, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3187205.

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The COVID-19 outbreak has forced businesses to shift to an unprecedented “work from home” company environment. While this provides advantages for employees and businesses, it also leads to a multitude of shortcomings, most prevalent of which is the emergence of additional security risks. Previous to the outbreak, company computer networks were mainly confined within its facilities. The pandemic has now caused this network to “spread thin,” as the majority of employees work remotely. This has opened up a variety of new vulnerabilities, as workers’ cyber protection is not the same at home as it is in office. Although the effects of the virus are now subsiding, working remotely has embedded itself as the new normal. Thus, it is imperative for company management to take the necessary steps to ensure business continuity and be prepared to deal with an increased number of cyber threats. In our research, we provide a detailed classification for a group of tools which will facilitate risk mitigation and prevention. We also provide a selection of automated tools such as vulnerability scanners, monitoring and logging tools, and antivirus software. We outline each tool using tables, to show useful information such as advantages, disadvantages, scalability, cost, and other characteristics. Additionally, we implement decision trees for each category of tools, in an attempt to assist in navigating the large amount of information presented in this paper. Our objective is to provide a multifaceted taxonomy and analysis of mitigation tools, which will support companies in their endeavor to protect their computer networks. Our contribution can also help companies to have some type of cyber threat intelligence so as to put themselves one step ahead of cyber criminals.

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Pałaś, Klaudia Weronika, and Jarosław Zawadzki. "Sentinel-2 Imagery Processing for Tree Logging Observations on the Białowieża Forest World Heritage Site." Forests 11, no. 8 (2020): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080857.

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Deforestation is currently among the most critical ecological issues, which need to be addressed urgently. Hence, identification of effective environmental monitoring methods is of top priority, especially in locations where no precise ground-based data are available. Constant development of remote sensing technology provides an increasing number of tools needed for that purpose, based on extraction of information about Earth’s surface. One of the most advanced Earth Observation (EO) programs is Copernicus, established by European Space Agency (ESA). It incorporates a constellation of Sentinel satellites continuously delivering imagery, which can serve as input data for further environmental analyses. They can be performed in the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP), the software also developed by ESA. The Sentinel-2 (S-2) mission was designed specifically for Earth’s surface observation. It acquires high-resolution data within visible and infrared range of electromagnetic spectrum (EMS), which has found applications in forest cover monitoring. In this paper, S-2 imagery was processed in SNAP software to determine its potential for deforestation observation on the example of 2017 tree logging in Białowieża Forest. For this purpose, images from October 2016 and 2018, covering the area of interest, were downloaded from the Copernicus Open Hub Platform. They then underwent pre-processing, involving atmospheric correction, resampling, and subset operations. As a part of environmental analysis, a set of chosen radiometric and biophysical indices was computed to preliminarily determine their usefulness for deforestation mapping. Index values were extracted from tree logging areas using pinpoints and region of interest (ROI) mask. The most effective indicators were the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) and the Brightness Index (BI). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as well as the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), also displayed promising results. The results were visualized in Quantum GIS (QGIS) software, provided by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo).

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Eberhard, Benno, Zoran Trailovic, Natascia Magagnotti, and Raffaele Spinelli. "A GIS-Based Decision Support Model (DSM) for Harvesting System Selection on Steep Terrain: Integrating Operational and Silvicultural Criteria." Forests 16, no. 5 (2025): 854. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050854.

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The goal of this study was to develop a GIS-based Decision Support Model for selecting the best timber harvesting systems on steep terrain. The model combines multiple layers, each representing an important factor in mechanized logging. These layers are used to create a final map that functions as a spatially explicit Decision Support Model that helps decide which machines are best suited for different forest areas. A key idea of this study is to consider not only operational criteria (slope, ruggedness, wetness, and road accessibility), but also a fundamental silvicultural aspect, i.e., the assessment of tree growth classes to enable the integration of silvicultural deliberations into timber harvest planning. The data used for this model come from orthophoto image and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The operational factors were analyzed using GIS tools, while the silvicultural aspects were assessed using the deep learning algorithm DeepForest and tree growth equations (allometric functions). The model was tested by comparing its results with field data taken in a Norway Spruce stand in South Tyrol/Italy. The findings show that the model reliably evaluates operational factors. For silvicultural aspects, it tends to underestimate the number of small trees, but provides a good representation of tree size classes within a forest stand. The innovation of this method is that it relies on low-cost, open-source tools instead of expensive 3D scanning devices.

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Johannesen, Steven, Thomas Lagarigue, Gordon Shearer, Karen Owen, Grant Wood, and Will Hendry. "Reduction in Backup Tool Requirements: Risks vs. Benefits, a Probability Analysis." SPE Drilling & Completion 37, no. 01 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204021-pa.

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Summary A review of the use of measurement while drilling (MWD), logging while drilling (LWD), and directional drilling (DD) tools mobilized to offshore drilling units in the North Sea highlighted an opportunity to lower operational cost for the operator and reduce capital used for the oilfield services company. An objective was set to develop a risk-based probability model that would assess the positive and negative financial impacts of reducing, or perhaps entirely removing, backup tools in this historically risk-averse basin. The scope of the initial analysis was a drilling campaign on a single rig contracted by the operator (Rig A). This analysis was then extended to review scenarios in which several operations in close proximity would share backup tools. The last 3 years of MWD/LWD/DD tool reliability data from North Sea operations, recorded by the oilfield services company, were used as an input. To assess the probability of failure, a binomial model was developed to create a binomial distribution for each tool to calculate the probability of having zero to X failures for a selected tool or bottomhole assembly (BHA) for a given number of runs. Three binomial models were developed to study the effect of “easy,” “moderate,” and “challenging” drilling environments on tool reliability. A financial risk model was designed to balance the probability-weighted cost of failure for the operator against the lower costs resulting from reduced tool provision by the oilfield services company. To better estimate risks and financial impacts on the project, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the financial risk model using the three binomial models. As a result of the analysis, it was demonstrated that recent improvements in tool reliability support a reduction in the provision of backup MWD/LWD/DD drilling tools for the majority of North Sea drilling scenarios.

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Savkov, P., N. Levinskova, G. Bondarchuk, and N. Postarnichenko. "GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOREST RESOURCES MONITORING." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (45) (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2021.45.71-74.

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The total area of the forest fund of Ukraine is 10400000 hectares, of which 9600000 hectares are covered with forest vegetation. In total, 15.9 % of the country's area is covered by forests. This figure is growing: in 50 years the area of forests increased by 21 %, almost three times increased stock of wood – it is estimated within 2102 million cubic meters. But this is not enough. Today there are a number of problems connected with forestry, for example: mass destruction of forests, lack of forest development strategy, low level of forest resources use, lack of reliable information about the biomass condition, forest fires. According to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the volume of unauthorized felling has been steadily decreasing for a long time, during 2005-2010. However, already in 2011 it was 25,100 cubic meters, which is 2.2 thousand more than in the previous year, 2007. However, this statistic, too, is mostly about illegal logging by local people, so it reflects very small volumes. The largest number of poached logging is recorded in the Lviv region. For example, in 2018 in the region 12,047 cubic meters of wood were illegally cut, and the figures do not stand still. As a consequence, this situation over time can lead to environmental degradation, increased water and wind erosion, degradation of agricultural land. The forest industry is one of the promising industries in Ukraine, for which it is advisable to use the tools of geographic information systems that provide detailed and necessary information, which greatly simplifies the work in research, analysis and prediction of the dynamics of the forestry fund of Ukraine. With the help of geospatial analysis tools we open up new horizons in the development and organization of forestry production, control and management of forests at all levels. This is why in today's conditions the introduction of geoinformation technologies can not only save money, but also save large areas of the forest fund and hundreds of diligent villages, settlements and cities. The events that took place in April 2020 showed that the lack of active monitoring of burning areas has painful consequences. The fire destroyed almost 40 houses in the resettled villages, Lichmans Srednyaya Rudnya, Nizhnyaya Rudnya and Verkhnyaya Rudnya, 45 buildings were saved, about 5 % of the protected area, 11500 hectares in the southwestern part of the Chernobyl Reserve were affected. These villages in Zhytomyr region were resettled after Chernobyl. More than 2000 people and 120 units of equipment were involved in extinguishing the fireі.

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Horwich, Robert H., Rajen Islari, Arnab Bose, et al. "Community protection of the Manas Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India, and the Endangered golden langur Trachypithecus geei." Oryx 44, no. 2 (2010): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000037.

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AbstractThe Golden Langur Conservation Project in Assam, India, was initiated to involve local NGOs and communities in protecting the Endangered golden langur Trachypithecus geei and its habitat on a regional basis within a complex political situation. Since langurs are leaf eaters they are dependent on forests. The Project area, once dominated by militant action and ethnic violence, is in a densely populated area and formerly suffered much illegal deforestation and accompanying reduction in the golden langur population. The Project began with two NGOs and evolved into the formation of a forum of five NGOs focusing on a large proportion of the golden langur range in Assam, and eventually included > 11 newly formed community-based organizations. Each NGO focused on nearby Reserve Forests and their resident langur populations and adjacent human communities. The community-conservation tools used included (1) initial local community awareness campaigns, (2) formation of local Forest Committees and Self Help Groups, (3) a major regional awareness campaign about the golden langur and its forested habitat in the Manas Biosphere Reserve, and (4) creation of a number of village-based Forest Protection Forces. The Golden Langur Conservation Project has resulted in an increase in the total Indian population of golden langurs, control of illegal logging and poaching in two isolated Reserve Forests by formation of a protection force of surrounding village groups, and curtailing illegal logging and increasing forest protection in the Reserve Forests of the Manas Biosphere Reserve by the formation of 10 tribal, government-sanctioned volunteer Forest Protection Forces. The Project created an atmosphere of community awareness of the golden langur and its forests and community interest within the region, with communities taking responsibility for protection of regional forests.

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43

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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44

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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45

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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46

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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47

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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48

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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49

Cunto, Gabriela Coutinho, and Enrico Bernard. "Neotropical Bats as Indicators of Environmental Disturbance: What is the Emerging Message?" Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13409582.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Science has searched for tools to indicate, measure or predict the responses of organisms to environmental disturbances. Neotropical bats have been identified as potential indicators and the number of articles using them is increasing. But contradictory results indicate the need to assess the viability to widely use bats for that purpose. A review on bat responses to forest fragmentation, logging, agricultural conversion or plant sucession was performed to detect patterns and problems, and to identify what is the emerging message. Variations of up to 17 times in the number of replicates, 360 times in the size of experimental areas, 166 times in the size of control areas, and 36 times in captures were detected. Almost 90% of the studies used mistnets, resulting in analyses biased towards phyllostomids. No clear pattern was observed regarding bat responses to the disturbances tested, from no effects on species richness between fragments and control areas, to higher abundances in the surrounding matrices. Most of the studies indicated species-specific responses, and conclusions were based, on average, on 20 species, a fraction of the regional richness. Neotropical bats should be used cautiously as indicators and generalizations should be avoided. Despite the problems identified, bats may contribute to the study of the topic in the Neotropics, as long as basic precautions are followed.

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50

Garrity, Jordan, and David Cutting. "A Common Language of Software Evolution in Repositories (CLOSER)." Software 4, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/software4010001.

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Version Control Systems (VCSs) are used by development teams to manage the collaborative evolution of source code, and there are several widely used industry standard VCSs. In addition to the code files themselves, metadata about the changes made are also recorded by the VCS, and this is often used with analytical tools to provide insight into the software development, a process known as Mining Software Repositories (MSRs). MSR tools are numerous but most often limited to one VCS format and, therefore, restricted in their scope of application in addition to the initial effort required to implement parsers for verbose textual VCS output. To address this limitation, a domain-specific language (DSL), the Common Language of Software Evolution in Repositories (CLOSER), was defined that abstracted away from specific implementations while isomorphically mapping to the data model of all major VCS formats. Using CLOSER directly as a data model or as an intermediate stage in a conversion analysis approach could make use of all major repositories rather than be limited to a single format. The initial barrier to adoption for MSR approaches was also lowered as CLOSER output is a concise, easily machine-readable format. CLOSER was implemented in tooling and tested against a number of common expected use cases, including a direct use in MSR analysis, proving the fidelity of the model and implementation. CLOSER was also successfully used to convert raw output logs from one VCS format to another, offering the possibility that legacy analysis tools could be used on other technologies without any changes being required. In addition to the advantages of a generic model opening all major VCS formats for analysis parsing, the CLOSER format was found to require less code and complete parsing faster than traditional VCS logging outputs.

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