Academic literature on the topic '人權發展'

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Journal articles on the topic "人權發展"

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YANG, Tianming. "簡析老子的生命倫理觀及其現代意蘊". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, № 2 (2007): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51448.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.從現代生命倫理觀研究的現實出發,解析老子關於生命倫理觀的思想精髓及其現代意蘊,對於理解與認識現今社會發展中人與自然、人與社會和人與人之間關係所存在的問題,對於促進社會中人自由而全面的發展,都具有重要的價值和意義。從中國傳統思想文化出發,依託社會發展的現實,從倫理學角度對生命的解讀就不能僅僅局限於醫學領域,而應該是在社會這一更為寬泛的領域中進行研究。老子的思想深刻地揭示了自然、人以及社會存在和發展的內在規律,他的思想閃耀著獨特的人性的、智慧的光芒。在其博大深遠的思想之中顯現若現代意義的關於生命倫理觀的意蘊,其基本思想是:人的存在和發展必須是基於對自然和社會發展本質規律(“道”)的深入認識以及積極能動地尊重和適應﹔人的生命價值的實現和生命尊嚴的獲得必須是基於人與自然和社會良好的互動關係中得以實現的。人與外在因素互動過程中, 基本上形成了人與自然、人與社會和人與人之間三個層次的關係。在人與自然的關係中, 老子認為天之道也即是人之法,自然法則也應是人的行為規範, 應把對自然法則的認識上升到人類行為價值的高度。人對自我生命的愛護、尊重與保全,是以尊重與遵循自然之道為前提的,人的生命的存在與發展必須與自然保持和諧統一。在人與人的關係中, 老子首先認為在對待他人的利益方面,應該做到以寬厚仁慈的心態待人接物,成人之美,與人為善。其次,老子強調的是個體對自我心態和行為的約束。再者,在對待與他人的矛盾方面,老子認為“夫唯不爭,故天下莫能與之爭”。在分析社會與人的關係中,老子首先認為國家政策的實施,應該是循序漸進的,必須考慮到普通人的承受能力。其次老子認為社會和政府必須協調、平衡人與人之間的各種差距,政策的制定與實施應盡可能關照到最大多數人的利益。再者老子認為社會中人與人利益的不均衡,必將致使社會存在風險。老子的思想對於我們今天從倫理的角度認識人生命的尊嚴、權利與價值,對於理解人以及社會的和諧發展都具有重要的現實意義和價值。第一、隨著經濟的快速發展,人類對自然環境的破壞也日漸加劇。人類存在和發展的權利與自然是平等的,不能以犧牲生態環境、犧牲人生命存在和發展的價值去發展經濟,因為社會的可持續發展依存於人類與自然的和諧統一。第二、目前社會發展存在諸多方面的不均衡狀態。政府有責任縮小包括經濟、醫療和教育等方面的差距,使得公眾在各種資源的佔有上盡可能地趨向均衡狀態,使公眾擁有相對平等的生存權、發展權、生命健康權和接受教育的權利等,以維護其生命的尊嚴和促進其生命價值的實現。第三、在醫學活動中,其正實踐“預防為主”的方針,有效控制和消除引發疾病的各種自然和社會的因素,激發人自身的潛能,順應生命存在與發展的自然和社會的內在規律,引導公眾崇尚並踐行健康、文明、科學的生活方式,在“預防為主”科學理念的引領下積極維護人的生命健康權。第四、個體人文素質的提高是社會文明發展的重要標誌,它能夠促進人與人之間關係的協調,能夠喚醒和增強個體關注與維護他人生命的尊嚴、權利、價值。重視優良傳統道德文化在社會中的作用與價值,以制度化的方式加強優秀傳統道德文化的教育和實踐,培養公眾的人文主義精神。以社會現實為基礎,從生命倫理觀的角度出發對老子思想的研究,必然能夠加深對人以及生命的尊嚴、權利、價值的維護與實現的理解,促進人與自然、社會的和諧發展,促進人自由而全面的發展。This paper attempts to show that Laozi's thought covers a sense of bioethics and carries profound moral implications for contemporary society. His basic thought includes: Human existence and development must be based on the essential rule of nature (dao); a thorough understanding of dao can improve human adaptation; and human value and dignity must be realized based on natural and good social relations and interactions.In natural relations, Laozi thought that the dao of nature is also the rule of person; that is, natural rule should also be a person's behavior standards. Human existence and development must maintain a harmonious unification with nature. In personal relations, Laozi thought that one should treat other people generously and beneficially, helping others do well. At the same time, Laozi emphasized that one must control and restrict one's desires and passions. As he put it, "if you do not compete with anyone else, nobody will defeat you."Laozi’s thought has good ethical implications for today. First, along with fast economical development, humans should pay attention to the preservation of the natural environment. Society’s sustainable development depends on a harmonious human unification with nature. Second, government should have a responsibility to maintain harmonious relations among different classes and areas of human persons. Third, in medical activity, preventive medicine, rather than aggressive procedures, should be taken as the main medicine. Finally, seriously research into Laozi’s thought for the sake of bioethical studies can significantly deepen our understanding of humans, nature and development. DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 73 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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LI, Yaming. "人類的尊嚴、人權和自主性". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 17, № 1 (2019): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.171667.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.人的尊嚴概念是一個包含多重含義的概念。其首要含義是作為一個整體的人類所具有的尊嚴。人類整體的尊嚴的來源是人類物種特有的本質,其道德要求在於維護人類本質並促進其發展。在生命倫理研究中,人的尊嚴概念常被視為同人權、自主相似的概念,甚至被認為可以被人權和自主的概念所替換。通過分析作為一個整體的人類所具有的尊嚴及其道德要求,可以論證,人的尊嚴不等同於人權,其更重要的角色是人權的基礎;人的尊嚴也不等同於自主,尊重人的尊嚴在很多情境下要求我們對自主行為進行限制。面對當代科學技術發展帶來的倫理挑戰,人類整體的尊嚴將在生命倫理研究中發揮更重要的作 用。Human dignity is a concept with multiple dimensions. Its primary dimension should be the dignity of the human species as a whole. The basis of the dignity of the human species rests on certain essential characteristics of the species, and the moral demand of the dignity of the human species is to maintain and promote these characteristics. In bioethical research, human dignity has often been equated with human rights or autonomy. Some people have even suggested that the concept of human dignity can be replaced with the concept of human rights or autonomy. However, the analysis of the dignity of the human species and its moral demand shows that human dignity cannot be equated to human rights or autonomy. Instead, it is the basis for human rights and requires restrictions on autonomous behaviors in certain situations. In the face of the ethical challenges posed by new technologies, the dignity of the human species will play a more crucial role in bioethical research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 52 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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DU, Zhizheng. "導言". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 4, № 2 (2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.41426.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese知情同意是現代生命倫理學最重要的概念之一,也是現代生命倫理學所以充滿活力和備受世人囑目的重要原因。知情同意這一概念雖然已經歷100 多年的歷史,但在《紐倫堡法典》誕生以前,知情同意往往只是作為醫生爭取病人的配合和支持,以提高治療效果,或者為防範醫療糾紛而採取的一種手段。只是在《紐倫堡法典》問世後,特別是伴隨著聯合國的《世界人權宣言》發表後50 多年的人權運動蓬勃發展,知情同意獲得了新的意義,它首先被理解為對人的生命權和健康權的尊重,對人的權利的尊重。的確,人的生命和健康首先是屬於自己的,因而對生命和健康的任何干預,當然理應得到本人的同意,儘管這種干預有益於生命和健康的維護。特別是在當代醫學對人體生命和健康干預的力度越來越大,後果越來越嚴重,影響越來越深遠的情況下,人們怎能不關心醫學可以給本人帶來的後果呢?怎能不把對本人生命和健康的處置權利掌握在自己的手中呢?正因為如此,知情同意在全世界不同地域、不間民族和不同文化背景的國家,都得到了廣泛的認同,並體現在許多國家醫事和科學研究的法律檔中,體現在廣大醫務人員的行動中。但是,人們對知情同意的理解和認識,由於各自的文化背景和國家體制的差異,卻存在眾多的不同;同時,由於各自國家的醫療習慣和傳統的不同,在實踐知情同意原則時也遇到了各種各樣的問題。為了推動對這一問題的研究,本刊這一期就此發表了一組文章,從不同角度就知情同意原則做了分析,我們希望引起對知情同意的進一步討論和研究。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 11 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Dr Joseph Lee, Dr Joseph Lee, and Doreen Annette Geidel LL M. Dr Joseph Lee. "Mapping an Investor Protection Framework for the Security Token Offering Market: A Comparative Analysis of UK and German Law." 月旦法學雜誌 316, no. 316 (2021): 73–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131604.

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建構證券型代幣發行(STO)市場的法律及規範性框架,係創造投資人信心的關鍵。英國金融行為監理局(FCA)現行有關首次公開發行(IPO)市場之法規範,經評估可適用於STO市場,以消弭投資人與發行人間之不對稱,並促進其使用金融服務。英國的公司法,則作為辨認投資人經濟(現金流)及政治(治理)權存在風險與否之架構。英國法之比較法分析,可提供藉由發展智慧合約以實行STO並落實投資人權利之指引。再者,德國法之比較法分析結果顯示,風險不只僅存在於特定國家之資本市場或公司法規範,其他法律體系亦尚未充分辨認許多風險之態樣,也未將之納入現行立法項目之考量。最後,本文檢視投資人之資料權,並主張資料權應同時作為經濟及政治上之權利,故資料紅利應被分派予證券型代幣之持有者,且資料治理上應確保中心化管理不會有獨占資訊而影響代幣持有者決策之情形。<br />Embedding securities token offering (STO) within a law and a regulatory framework is critical for its market to develop with investor confidence. The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) current laws and regulations, which were designed for the initial public offering (IPO) market, are assessed for suitability in an STO market that aims to bring investors closer to issuers and to increase access to finance. UK Company law is then used as a framework to identify risks to investors’ economic (cash flow) and political (governance) rights. The analysis provides guidance for developing smart contracts to implement STO and fulfilling investors’ rights. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with German law shows that although the risks do not only exist in country-specific capital market or company law regulations, other legal systems have neither sufficiently identified many of the risks nor taken them into account in current legislative projects. Finally, the author examines investor’s data rights and argues that they should be recognised as both an economic and a political right. Data dividends should be distributed to security token holders and data governance should ensure that centralised management does not monopolise information to influence token holders’ decision making.<br />
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李玉君, 李玉君. "專家說了算?行政機關的判斷餘地與司法審查──從臺灣士林地方法院107年度簡字第20號判決談起". 月旦法學雜誌 316, № 316 (2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131610.

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本案之爭點在於:健保署對被保險人「合理住院日數」所為之判斷是否合法?此一問題涉及何謂「合理、適當之醫療服務」不確定法律概念的解釋與適用。本案判決援引判斷餘地理論,認為「被保險人合理住院日數」之判斷職權,涉及高度之屬人性、專業性、經驗性之專業判斷,鑑於法官審查能力有限與權力分立原則,法院應尊重健保署基於專業醫師本於專業審查結果之判斷,駁回原告之訴。本文歸納學說與司法實務已發展出之判斷餘地類型與法院審查項目,從法律的適用步驟建立行政法院對行政機關適用不確定法律概念之思考路徑。據此,檢視後得出結論:本案判決因限於專家迷思,未能指出健保署之原處分有應考量之因素而未考量與判斷理由不備之違法情事。<br />
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沈冠伶, 沈冠伶. "民事訴訟之線上起訴與遠距審理(上)──民事法院數位轉型及現代化之展望". 月旦法學雜誌 316, № 316 (2021): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131605.

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受疫情影響,各國關於民事訴訟之數位化,尤其是線上遠距審理,產生大幅躍進,並成為未來民事訴訟變革之方向。因應數位化發展,溝通媒介之改變,民事紛爭處理制度必須面對從紙本到電子文件、從實體場域到網路空間之轉變。本文從國外線上法院程序之發展狀況,探討線上民事法院之目的論,並以線上起訴及遠距審理為對象,分析傳統訴訟以紙本文書及到庭辯論所形塑之訴訟文書交換及送達、兩造言詞辯論、直接審理、公開審理等程序架構及基本原則,於民事訴訟數位化下所受之影響及挑戰。除個別面向之數位化外,由於線上程序具簡速性及經濟性,亦宜思考有無何類事件(例如:小額事件),適合增設全面性之線上程序,使當事人得合意選擇利用,以保障其近用法院及程序選擇之權利,亦可合理分配司法資源,使法院更有餘力處理複雜困難之案件。各國有關民事法院之數位轉型仍持續發展中,本文並不在於蓋棺論定,而是期待就此議題能激發更多之討論。<br />
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YANG, Guoli. "從儒家到生命倫理學四原則". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 8, № 1 (2010): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81487.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.要解決諸如個人或國家因醫療引發的經濟上的“雙崩潰”,伴隨醫生個人權威的沒落和患者個人權利的提升造成醫療領域的“禮崩樂壞”和醫患之間道德異鄉人等的問題,首要是需要選擇一種文化為指引以便思想和行動。本文從多方面思考,認為儒家是最佳的和最具比較優勢的可選擇的文化。儒家生命倫理學的核心基礎是雙重人性觀和均衡發展論。儒家生命倫理學本質特徵是利他主義,它提供了一系列指令性、指導性和約束性的道德規範或道德標準,而這些標準在內容上更具備多樣性和包容性的價值和行為譜系,例如“仁”、“孝”。根據“孝”的道德規範,安樂死可以選擇,而自殺則不能被選擇;根據“禮”要求,儒家要建立一種基於禮樂文明的醫療衞生保健制度以進行衞生保健資源配置,這種制度完全不同於西方文化的現代財產制的分配制度。根據中庸的法則,生命倫理學的四原則可以被簡化為一個簡單的原則:微創原則。This paper discusses the possible application of the four principles of medical ethics advocated by Beauchamp and Childress to the current healthcare reform and transition in China from the perspective of someone who has many years of experience as a physician. It aims to show that many of the medical problems and solutions identified in the West also make sense in the Chinese context, although different moral language may be used. I believe that traditional resources such as the Confucian moral/ritual system can be reconstructed to handle ethical questions both in theory and in practice in China. It is argued that hospitals and physicians administer medicine through the art of benevolence. Using Confucian morality as a guide for healthcare reforms may help to make the transition period easier, and the four principles may help to standardize the regulations needed for hospitals.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 505 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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FAN, Ruiping. "導言". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 8, № 2 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81488.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese本期首先推出邊林對中國大陸生命倫理學的形成及三十年來的發展歷程進行總結和反思的論文。本文富有哲學見地,且不作現實粉飾,實話實說,值得關心這一學科的人認真閱讀。在邊林看來,一種學問的本質乃是對一個事物的邏輯構建,而任何事物的合理的邏輯構建都必須與這個事物的實際發展過程以及人們對它的認識過程相統一。生命倫理學當然也不例外,其合理的構建勢必是一種邏輯體系的構建。所以,歷史與邏輯的統一是考察具有哲學特性的生命倫理學學科的重要認識視角和方法根據。邊林認為生命倫理學在美國的產生與發展在本質上體現了歷史與邏輯的統一。生命倫理學肇始於美國,恰恰是在美國社會特定歷史階段的文化與科學兩大洪流衝擊下的產物:既是具有顯著學理特徵的西方現代、後現代哲學和倫理學向生命道德領域延伸和擴展的結果,也是科學技術特別是生命科學技術開始進入快速發展期帶來的社會觀念、社會心理以及倫理標準調整、醫學和生命倫理難題大量湧現導致強烈現實需求的產物。它是在一定意義上完成了對醫學倫理學的一個超越,用更寬闊的視野和更深入的思考來認識、評價生命的道德問題,並且將這一學科置於西方倫理傳統和現代思想完整而系統的本體論承諾上。無論道德多元化為“道德異鄉人”之間帶來多少道德矛盾和差異,西方生命倫理學大體都是在自由主義的旗幟下尋求行為的道德解釋和道德根據。相對比,中國大陸生命倫理學的形成過程恰恰缺失了西方生命倫理學所具有的這種統一性。在邊林看來,中國生命倫理學的形成與發展本來也應該是歷史與邏輯的統一,可惜的是,事實並非如此。由於特定歷史階段中國社會現實以及思想和人文環境的原因,中國大陸的生命倫理學在其形成階段就存在先天性的缺陷。而且,在其發展過程中,先天缺陷並沒有得到矯正,邏輯演化過程出現了失常。邊林概述的這種缺陷和失常,在本期其他論文所論述的問題上也得到了印證和例示,諸如蔡昱所討論的臨床醫療決策權之歸屬問題,姜蘭姝等所關注的老人長期照護問題,鄧蕊所探討的倫理審查的制度歷史、運行現狀與困境問題,以及李菊萍所報告的DNA 親子鑒定的倫理與法律問題。最後,邊林深刻地指出,中國現在所具有的生命倫理學並不是、至少從根本意義上說還不是中國自己的生命倫理學,因為它所具有的並不是生長在與它應該相連的根系上,因而不能形成以此為基礎的本體論承諾。從這種意義上我們可以認為中國還沒有生命倫理學,所以中國的生命倫理學就必然產生需要建構的問題。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 23 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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ZHAI, Xiaomei. "知情同意的若干問題". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 4, № 1 (2002): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.41424.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.作為一種法律學說,知情同意在西方社會已經存在多年,並且得到長足的發展。這一學說來源於《紐倫堡法典》。知情同意不僅僅是“法律文件”,也不是醫患“共同決策",它是具有豐當倫理內涵的一個概念,是一個人實際理解並且真正在沒有他人控制下有意地批准和同意專業人員做某事。中國具有其獨特的文化傳統背景和經濟發展水平,西方國家基於自主的和權利的理論、信念以及方法在中國基於義務的和強調集體的傳統文化中尚缺乏一定的根基。中國文化傳統上的倫理決策是基於義務而不是基於權�的。這種根深蒂岡的傳統所肯定的是社會或者整體的利益,容易忽視的是個人應享有的權利。在中國文化傳統中,家庭和社區具有很強的凝聚力,家庭或社區協助和支持下的知情同意往往建立在更加充分的理解、思考基礎之上。這種知情同意獲得的方式很有價值:更加精緻,更加體現了尊重人的倫理學原則。但是需要注意的是,這種協助不能完全超越自我決定性。另外,社區的“允許”並不等同於個人的“同意”,而且社區的允許也不應該取代個人的同意。另外,目前在中國,臨床藥理試驗,倫理審查委員會(IRBs)制度化,合理的補償與不正當的引誘的區別,基因研究中的知情同意問題以及利益衝突等很多現實問題都需要引起倫理學的關注,並進行大量的研究工作。In Western societies, the idea of informed consent as a legal account has long been there and developed significantly. This idea originated from the "uremberg Code". In fact, informed consent is neither a mere "legal document" nor a "common decision" made by the physician and the patient. It is a concept rich in moral content. It is about how an individual perceives and intentionally (without being controlled by others) agrees and allows professionals to carry out certain actions on him/her.China has a unique traditional cultural background and economic development level. Due to the emphasis on responsibility and collectiveness in Chinese cultural traditions, introducing the Western theory, beliefs, and practice based upon individual autonomy and rights to Chinese society does not have solid foundation. According to Chinese cultural traditions, people consider responsibility instead of rights during making ethical decisions. These deeply-rooted traditions assure the interests of the whole and tend to neglect the rights of the individual. Chinese families and communities have a very strong sense of cohesiveness. With the assistance and support of the family or community, the thinking and understanding of informed consent can be established on a more adequate and solid foundation. This kind of way to get informed consent is very valuable: it is more accurate and can also fulfills the ethical principle of respect. However, the assistance of the family or community should not override individual's autonomy in making decisions. Moreover, community "permission" is not equal to individual "consent". Indeed, it should not replace individual "consent".Contemporary China faces many practical problems, such as clinical medicine testing, establishing Institutional Review Broads (IRBs), differences between reasonable compensation and improper reward, conflict of interests in genetic research as well as the practice of informed consent. They demand ethical attention and a large amount of careful research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 13 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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GUO, Yongsong. "關於放棄臨床無效治療的倫理學思考". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 3, № 1 (2000): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.31394.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.對於沒有臨床救治希望的病人,要不要繼續治療?誰有最終的決定權?這既是臨床醫療問題,又是一個涉及社會倫理法規的問題。對於這樣的病人,不放棄治療可能意味著要消耗更多的醫療資源但又無法挽救病人,但是如果放棄治療,可能會遇到更多的來自社會傳統的、倫理法規的問題。筆者認為,在社會多元化發展的今天,面對臨床無效治療,應在尊重病人或病人家屬有最終決定權的前提下,以一定道德、法規為依據,按照一定的醫療程式和法律手續進行處理,可能是更為符合人道和社會公眾利益的理性選擇。There has not been a clear medical definition of futility. The concept of futile treatment involves not only medical, but also social, ethical, and legal components. This paper argues that in today's pluralistic moral circumstances, the patient and/or the family should have the final right to decision regarding futile treatment.Some are opposed to renouncing futile treatment, whatever futility is defined. For them, first, abandoning treatment is in conflict with the physician's basic duty of offering treatment. Second, giving up treatment also gives up the chance of making medical progress by attempting to treat the patient. Third, the patient would thereby lose the opportunity of prolonging the life. And finally, it would change the good image of the physician (as taking care of the patient). On the other hand, those who support renouncing futile treatment offer different reasons. First, giving up futile treatment will turn out to be respecting the value of the patient's life. Second, It would help people recognize the natural limit of contemporary medical development. Third, it would facilitate a reasonable pattern of distributing scarce medical resources. And finally, it could reduce the suffering of the patient. As a result, we face a social situation of moral pluralism: people disagree with each other regarding renouncing futile treatment.A difficult practical issue is who has the right to decide renouncing futile treatment. This paper argues that, giving individuals hold conflicting views of life, valoue and morality, the patient should have the final decision power regarding his/her own treatment. If the patient is incompetent, then the family should have the deciding right. In this respect we should overcome the longstanding medical paternalism. In addition, society should establish a prcocedure to regulate and facilitate the decision-mading of renouncing futile treatment.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 16 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "人權發展"

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JIA-BAO, CHANG, та 張家寶. "社會權思想在人權體系中之發展研究". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94191357049744389521.

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Hung, Zhong-Hua, та 黃中華. "中國大陸人權發展之研究(1989-2002)". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59496315071880605929.

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CHI, JIN-TONG, та 池進通. "企業員工事業發展行為模式:採個人權力發展觀點". Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26971956759475844743.

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Yu, chin wen, та 游靜雯. "冷戰後中國人權之發展--兼論中美關係中的人權問題". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54944033340557189876.

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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>外交研究所<br>93<br>Human rights in international politics play the role not only in the sector of the relationship between states and their people, but in the division of foreign policy deeply. This thesis through four kinds of theory (Realism, Idealism, Neoliberal institutionalism and Marxism) in international relations analyze and research the issue of human rights. Secondly, depending on the gap between the culture of occident and orient, the author explored impacts and challenges which originate from the developments of international politics and states’ inherent knowing of sovereignty by international regimes. Comparing with western states which accentuate natural human rights, the traditional culture that has been influenced on the Confucian in China emphasize the according thinking. This thinking considered that individual and universal are the one without difference, under this way, China propose that the goal of human rights is to promote social progress, not to only protect the rights of individual. The thesis focus on Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, all of them are the CCP’s leaders in the different period, researching and comparing their policies of human rights; through this way, the author found that international system, the structural factor, is the momentous variable in pushing China promotes and modifies its human rights policy, and America, the very point, take the predominance in the sector. On another hand, after the Reform and Open door policy performing, China although has engaged in international society more than before, joined together with international organizations and regimes of human rights; however, in light of the motive behind the Beijing carefully, we can know the China’s behavior still can’t leave without national interests. On the basis of national sovereignty, China against any hypocritical pretext like humanitarian intervention or human rights protecting, because these have possibility for western states, especially the America, to adopt the action for intervening its domestic affairs. But in the view of western states, the United States plays the leading role, think that “cultural relativism” and the conception of human rights from it are the sophism for PRC escape from the notoriety in human rights protection and practice.
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shu-hua, Hung, та 洪淑華. "臺灣戒嚴時期大法官釋憲與人權發展". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73432404177541245152.

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CHANG, PEI-HSUAN, та 張倍瑄. "行政訴訟法上第三人訴權認定之發展". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5c9e69.

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謝慧雯. "臺灣死刑存廢政策爭議之研究─以國際人權發展觀點". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4wgbs4.

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碩士<br>臺北市立大學<br>國民小學教師在職進修公民與社會教學碩士學位班<br>102<br>In recent years, the cases of judged felons sentenced to death penalty bought up by the media have led to discussions in public about the legitimacy of death sentences. The reason why the debate about abolishing the death penalty aroused the government and the public’s attention is because it is closely related to the development of international human rights. According to the poll conducted in 2010 by the United Daily News, nearly 80% of the population is opposing to abolishing death penalty. Obviously, it seems that the people in Taiwan are not on the same track with the international trends on death penalty abolition. In this research, Taiwan’s gradual degree of integration with the international human rights development on the global scale is examined by using literature analysis method. The purpose of this study is to understand the orientation of Taiwan’s current policy on the abolishing of death penalty, and to understand the discussions on the abolishing of death penalty from human rights organizations or academia. Besides, this study also explored the relationship between Taiwan’s policy on the death penalty abolition and its social development. Subsequently, this in-depth interview includes interviews and literature comparisons between the organized and previous publications on this subject, which brought the following findings. First, the abolition of the death penalty should not be the major issue in nowadays because the population’s point of view in Taiwan is not ready to be changed yet. Moreover, the judicial reformation should be put onto the most important practical stage, and successful national education should be emphasized to meet the trends of the international human rights development. Thus, the abolition of death penalty will be an inevitable trend in Taiwan in the future. According to the findings of this study, the suggestions are to stop the debate on abolition of death penalty temporarily, and to jointly explore the soundness of the actual social and judicial system. We should work on reforming the social welfare system, and try to take care of the disadvantaged groups in Taiwan. We should also dedicate on planting the seeds of human rights in education, and to create new ideas in order to change the nation’s point of view. The human right in Taiwan should be actively increased by the international perspectives, and at the same time to be upgraded for the new patterns on global issues.
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方旗. "美國人權外交政策對中華民國政治發展之影響(1979∼1990)". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31220713275494237940.

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李沃牆. "計算智慧在選擇權定價上的發展:人工神經網路、遺傳規劃、遺傳演算法". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68940979103764812056.

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Huang, Ya-Li, та 黃雅麗. "人權教育在國中歷史教學的實踐-以「美國獨立與建國後的發展」教學單元為例". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14989056892860040499.

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