Journal articles on the topic '1832-1922'

The plant bug tribe Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) is diagnosed and a worldwide key to the genera of the tribe is provided. The taxonomic review of the New World Cylapini genera Amapacylapus Carvalho & Fontes,1968 and Cylapus Say, 1832 is provided, including a key to species, diagnoses and redescriptions of genera and most included species, and descriptions of two new species, Amapacylapus unicolor sp. nov. (Ecuador) and Cylapus luridus sp. nov. (Brazil). Illustrations of the male genitalia, color photographs of the adult and scanning electron micrographs of the selected species are provided. The genus Cylapocerus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Cylapus with all species currently placed in Cylapocerus transferred to Cylapus. The following new combinations are established: Cylapus amazonicus (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov., Cylapus antennatus (Carvalho & Fontes, 1968) comb. nov., and Cylapus tucuruiensis (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov. Peltidocylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) is transferred to the genus Amapacylapus as Amapacylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) comb. nov. Male neotype is designated for Cylapus tenuicornis Say, 1832. The following new country records are provided: Amapacylapus amapariensis Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 (Ecuador, Guyana); Cylapus amazonicus (Bolivia, Ecuador); Cylapus antennatus (Ecuador); Cylapus citus Bergroth, 1922 (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru); Cylapus marginicollis (Distant, 1883) (Nicaragua, Panama); Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922 (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador); Cylapus tenuicornis (USA); Cylapus tucuruiensis (Venezuela).

The 300 year record of the yearly sunspot numbers and numerically generated trajectory of the solar inertial motion (SIM) were subjects of a synchronization analysis. Phase synchronization of the sunspot cycle and a fast component of the SIM have been found and confirmed with statistical significance in three epochs (1727–1757, 1802–1832 and 1863–1922) of the entire 1700–1997 record. This result can be considered as a quantitative support for the hypothesis that there is a weak interaction of gravity and solar activity.

The revision of Agrilus cuprescens (Ménétriés, 1832) and its relatives A. salicis Frivaldszky, 1877; A. pecirkai Obenberger, 1916; A. paludicola Krogerus, 1922 and A. ribesi Schaefer, 1946 is given. All species are illustrated. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: A. paludicola (stat. nov.) is considered as a species; A. amethystopterus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1890 is considered as a subspecies of A. cuprescens (stat. nov.); A. viridis (Linné, 1758) (= rudis Abeille de Perrin, 1897 syn. nov.; = caenus Obenberger, 1924 syn. nov.); A. cuprescens cuprescens (Ménétriés) (= lacrymans Abeille de Perrin, 1895 syn. nov.; = foveolatus Abeille de Perrin, 1897 syn. nov.; = calcicola Obenberger, 1916 syn. nov.; = altaicola Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.; = kuznecovinus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.). The names chalconatus Megerle and indigacellus Obenberger are unavailable. Lectotypes of 15 species are designated.

The first part of the paper includes an overview of genus Aplocnemus and a discussion of the related subgenera; as a result one of them is placed in synonymy: Holcopleura Schilsky, 1894 = Aplocnemus (Aplocnemus) Stephens, 1830. The second part deals with the 16 Aplocnemus species found to live in Greece. Out of these, 9 are fully discussed, with descriptions and drawings of dissected structures (median lobe, tegmen, last sternite). The remaining 7 have been already – and rather recently – considered and illustrated in previous papers: for them only new taxonomic and/or distributional information are herewith supplied. One new taxon is described: Aplocnemus henrici sp. n from northern Greece and Bulgaria. 9 new synonymies, at species level, are proposed: A. macedonicus Pic, 1922 = A. (Aplocnemus) basalis (Küster, 1849); A. pristocerus Kiesenwetter, 1859 = A. (Aplocnemus) caelatus (Brullé, 1832); A. brevissimus Pic, 1908 = A. (Aplocnemus) quercicola Mulsant and Rey, 1968; A. kiesenwetteri Schilsky, 1897 = A. (Aplocnemus) rufipes Miller, 1862; A. turcicus Schilsky, 1897 = A. (Aplocnemus) reitteri Schilsky, 1894; A. cribripennis Pic, 1921 = A. (Aplocnemus) serratus (Brullé, 1832); A. latior Pic, 1908, A. thessalicus Pic, 1908 and A. atricornis Pic, 1921 = A. (Diplambe) abietum Kiesenwetter, 1859.

Four nematodes and one cestode species from three Brazilian agoutis - two Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, 1832 and one Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) - and six pacas - Agouti paca (Linnaeus, 1766) - captured in tributaries rivers in the middle and high Rio Negro microregion, State of Amazonas, Brazil, were studied. The nematodes Physaloptera torresi (Travassos, 1920) Ortlepp, 1922, Physocephalus mediospiralis (Molin, 1859) Hall, 1916 and the cestode Raillietina (R.) trinitatae (Cameron & Reesal, 1951) Baer & Sandars, 1956 are reported from the State of Amazonas for the first time. The studied helminths (the nematodes P. torresi, P. mediospiralis, Trichuris gracilis (Rud., 1819) Hall, 1916, Helminthoxys urichi (Cameron & Reesal, 1951) Hugot, 1986 and the cestode R. (R.) trinitatae) represent new host record for Dasyprocta fuliginosa. New morphometric data and remarks about each species are provided.

Germanistikos istoriją Vilniaus universitete iki 1941 metų galima padalinti į du etapus: nuo 1795 m. iki 1832 m. Vilniaus Imperatoriškame universitete dirbo P. Albrichtas (Peter Albricht) ir B. Haušteinas (Benjamin Friedrich Haustein). Haušteinas buvo literatūros istorijos specialistas. Jo ban­dymas Imperatoriškuose universitetuose įvesti vokiečių literatūros dėstymą sužlugo po to, kai Ru­sijos caras, numalšinus lenkų ir lietuvių sukilimą, uždarė universitetą. Tik po 90 metų universitetas vėl pradėjo veikti Kaune kaip valstybinis Lietuvos universitetas.1922-1941 m. H. Engertas (Horst Engert) ir G. Studerus (Gottlieb Studerus) Kaune germanistiką įtvirtino kaip universiteto discipliną. H. Engertas sėkmingai vadovavo šiai mokslo sričiai, be to, jo teoriniai darbai buvo aukšto mokslinio lygio. 1940 m. Filologijos fakultetas, o kartu ir H. Engerto katedra, persikėlė į Vilnių. H. Engerto veiklą 1941 m. sustabdė įžengusi vokiečių armija. Katedrai toliau vadovavo A. Alminauskas.

Some corrections to the section of subtribe Bembidiina of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 1, together with geographic, systematic, and synonymic updates are reported and commented upon. The following five new synonymies are proposed (with junior synonym listed first): Bembidion (Peryphanes) dostali Kirschenhofer, 1984 = Bembidion (Peryphanes) sanatum Bates, 1883 syn. nov.; Bembidion (Terminophanes) pseudoconsumatum Kirschenhofer, 1984 = Bembidion (Terminophanes) sjoelanderi Jedlička, 1965 syn. nov.; Bembidion (Asioperyphus) sapporense Jedlička, 1951 = Bembidion (Politophanes) chloreum Bates, 1873 syn. nov.; Bembidion (Peryphus) torosiense Jedlička, 1961 = Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum vau Netolitzky, 1913 syn. nov.; Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) multisulcatus cariniger Korge, 1971 = Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) multisulcatus (Reitter, 1890) syn. nov. Furthermore we confirm the following synonimies: Asaphidion weiratheri Netolitzky, 1935 = Asaphidion ganglbaueri J.Müller, 1921; Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) effluviorum (Peyron, 1858) = Sinechostictus (Sinechostictus) tarsicus (Peyron, 1858). The following nine new combinations are proposed: Bembidion (Euperyphus) dimidiatum Ménétriés, 1832 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Peryphus) psuchrum Andrewes, 1922 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Plataphus) pseudolucillum Netolitzky, 1938 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) chloreum Bates, 1873 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) gotoense Habu, 1973 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) shunichii Habu, 1973 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) umeyai Habu, 1959 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Politophanes) yoshidai Morita, 2009 comb. nov.; Bembidion (Terminophanes) sjoelanderi Jedlička, 1965 comb. nov. The species Bembidion psuchrum Andrewes, 1922 and Bembidion sanatum Bates, 1883 are here redescribed.

The diversity of the Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) was studied in seven districts of southern area of Gujarat State in India during 2014 to 2015. A total of 55 species belonging to two suborders and 37 genera under eight families were recorded. A total of 18 species of Zygoptera (damselflies) and 37 species of Anisoptera (dragonflies) were recorded. Dang and Navsari districts were surveyed intensively and a maximum of 47 and 35 species were recorded respectively, whereas the districts that were surveyed less intensively, i.e., Bharuch (26), Valsad (21), Surat (29), Narmada (25) and Tapi (27) had comparatively low species richness. Thirty-two species are being reported for the first time from southern Gujarat, raising the total list of odonates to 60. Fifteen species namely, Lestes elatus Hagen in Selys, 1862; Elattoneura nigerrima (Laidlaw, 1917); Dysphaea ethela Fraser, 1924; Paracercion malayanum (Selys, 1876); Pseudagrion spencei Fraser, 1922; Burmagomphus laidlawi- Fraser, 1924; Cyclogomphus ypsilon Selys, 1854; Microgomphus torquatus (Selys, 1854); Onychogomphus acinaces (Laidlaw, 1922); Hylaeothemis indica Fraser, 1946; Lathrecista asiatica (Fabricius, 1798); Rhodothemis rufa (Rambur, 1842); Tramea limbata (Desjardins, 1832); Trithemis kirbyi Selys, 1891 and Zyxomma petiolatum Rambur, 1842 are recorded for the first time from Gujarat State raising the number of odonates of Gujarat State to 80 species.

The article provides a comprehensive study of the emergence and development of criminal liability for dishonest appropriation, military property acquiring through abuse of official rank committed by a military official. The research of normative-legal acts of different periods of origin of the Ukrainian statehood is carried out, in particular disclosing the essence of responsibility for dishonest appropriation, military property obtained through abuse, misuse of official rank performed by a military officer. Such normative legal acts are Russkaya Pravda, Sudebniki of 1468, 1550, Statutes of 1529, 1566 and 1588, Rights and Institutions of Little Russia, ‘Conciliar Code’ of 1649, Military Article of 1715, ‘The civil rights of the Little Russian people’ of 1743, ‘Field criminal law’ of 1812, Code of Laws of 1832 (Criminal Code), ‘Statute of a denomination or police officer’ of 1782, the Statute of Punishment, the Village Court Statute of 1839, Penal and Correctional Regulations of 1845, Statutes of Public Administrations ‘Code of military regulations’ of 1869 ‘Statutes of Punishment Criminal Code’ of 1903, ‘Code on weapon requisition’ of 1917, Criminal Codes of the USSR of 1922, 1927, and 1960, decrees on ‘Criminal liability for theft of state and public property’, and on ‘Strengthening the protection of personal property of citizens’ of 1947, Criminal Code of Ukraine of 2001, etc. Having conducted research on legislative acts that were relevant in today's Ukraine at different times, having reviewed scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, the main aspects of the formation and development of criminal liability for dishonest appropriation, military property acquiring through abuse of official rank committed by a military official are proposed. It is investigated that the norms of the Military Article of Peter I, which regulated the relations in the army, significantly affected the development and approval of the current military criminal legislation of Ukraine. Much attention in the article is paid to the Criminal Codes of 1922, 1927 and 1960, because they see an experiment in the classification of criminal law, taking into account and improving the rules of past regulations, and clearly states the responsibility for the criminal offense researched by us.

The Arctotidinae, a subtribe of the Arctotideae, comprises approximately 90–100 species predominantly confined to southern and eastern Africa. The species are presently classified into five genera: Arctotheca Vaillant (1754: 604), Arctotis Linnaeus (1753: 922), Cymbonotus Cassini (1825: 397), Dymondia Compton (1953: 110) and Haplocarpha Lessing (1831: 90) (Karis et al. 2009). Cassini (1817) published the genus Damatris Cassini (1817: 139) and described a single species, D. pudica Cassini (1817: 140), for a species of Arctotidinae collected from ‘le Cap de Bonne-Espérance’ (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa). Cassini (1819) stated that Damatris pudica was described from material in the Herbier de Jussieu (P-JU). However, the identity of Damatris pudica has always been uncertain. Initially, most authors listed the genus as either poorly known or of dubious status (e.g. Lessing 1832, Candolle 1838b, Harvey 1865). Bentham (1873) tentatively considered that Damatris might be congeneric with Haplocarpha and subsequently Beauverd (1915) made the combination for D. pudica in Haplocarpha without comment on the species’ identity (although marked with a question mark to indicate a degree of uncertainty). In the most recent monograph of Arctotidinae, Lewin (1922) followed Bentham in citing Damatris as a synonym of Haplocarpha but curiously did not cite D. pudica, either as an accepted species or in the synonymy of another species. Damatris has nomenclatural priority over Haplocarpha, therefore resolution of the identity of D. pudica may have nomenclatural implications for the generic taxonomy of Arctotidinae.

Telemiades Hübner, [1819] is currently comprised of 22 species and 14 subspecies distributed exclusively in the neotropics. The genus is defined by the morphological pattern of the uncus, apiculus, labial palpi and venation. However, some species have a uniform pattern of coloration making it difficult to establish their correct identity in some cases. The aims of the present study were to present a taxonomic revision of Telemiades Hübner, [1819] in order to provide a stable taxonomic hypothesis for the group, to describe the new species and to present diagnoses to help in species identification. According to the present study, Telemiades is now composed of 41 species. Fourteen new species are recognized and described. Three subspecies are here treated as valid species: T. marpesus (Hewitson, 1876) stat. rest., T. misitheus Mabille, 1888 stat. rest. and T. pekahia (Hewitson, 1868) stat. rest. Two synonyms are treated as valid species: T. insulsus (Draudt, 1922), stat. rev. and T. xantho Hayward, 1939 stat. rev. Five new synonyms are proposed: Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 syn. nov. and Telemiades antiope tosca Evans, 1953 syn. nov. of T. antiope (Plötz, 1882), Echelatus punctatus Mabille & Boullet, 1917 syn. nov. of T. epicalus Hübner, [1819], Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 syn. nov. of T. laogonus (Hewitson, 1876) and Eudamus phlius Plötz, 1881 syn. nov. of T. nicomedes (Möschler, 1879). To provide stability for existing names, six neotypes were designated for: Proteides amphion Geyer, 1832, Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877, Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781, Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877, Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 and Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781; and 19 lectotypes for: Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906, Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876, Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888, Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868, Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877, Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876, Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902, Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906, Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819], Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Echelatus punctatus Mabille & Boullet, 1917, Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870, Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888, Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879, and Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886.

AbstractThe spider genus Peucetia includes 54 species of medium-sized and widely distributed spiders. The majority of its species occurs in the tropical regions, of which only the African fauna has been recently revised. In the Neotropical Region 26 species were described, of which 17 are here synonymyzed. Peucetia tranquillini Mello-Leitão 1922, P. rubrigastra Mello-Leitão 1929, P. meridionalis Mello-Leitão 1929, P. villosa Mello-Leitão 1929, and P. viridisternis Mello-Leitão 1945 are considered junior synonyms of P. flava Keyserling 1877. Eight names, Peucetia similis Keyserling 1877, P. amazonica Mello-Leitão 1929, P. heterochroma Mello-Leitão 1929, P. maculipedes Piza 1938, P. trivittata Mello-Leitão 1940, P. duplovittata Mello-Leitão 1941, and P. roseonigra Mello-Leitão 1943 and Tapinillus argentinus Mello-Leitão 1941 are considered junior synonyms of P. rubrolineata Keyserling 1877. Both senior species are extremelly common, occurring from Colombia to northern Argentina. Peucetia macroglossa Mello-Leitão 1929, recorded only from Central Brazilian Amazonia and Guyana is considered a senior synonym of P. melloleitaoi Caporiacco 1947. Two species occur from Southern USA to northern Colombia: Peucetia viridans (Hentz 1832) and P. longipalpis F. O. P.-Cambridge 1902. The former is recognized as a senior synonym of P. poeyi (Lucas 1857), P. bibranchiata F. O. P.- 1902 and P. rubricapilla Petrunkevitch 1925 and the later as a senior synonym of P. cauca Lourenço 1990. Peucetia viridis (Blackwall 1858), known from Africa, southern Spain and Middle East is newly recorded from the West Indies. One new species, Peucetia cayapa sp. n., is described and illustrated based on males and females from Ecuador and Peru. Peucetia caldensis Garcia-Neto 1989, from Brazil, is transferred to Tapinillus Simon 1898. The type specimens of three species, P. quadrilineata Simon 1891 and P. thalassina (C. L. Koch 1847) from Central America, and P. smaragdina Mello-Leitão 1941 from Colombia are probably lost. Since their original descriptions are not sufficiently clear for their recognition, they are considered nomina dubia.

The university in Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius), now Vilniaus universitetas, founded in 1579 by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780-1832 and 1919-1939. The Botanic Garden established by Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) in 1781 (or, actually, from 1782) survived the loss of independence by Poland (1795), and a later closure of the University (1832), and it continued to function until 1842, when it was shut down by Russian authorities. After Poland had regained independence and the University was reopened as the Stefan Batory University (SBU), its Botanic Garden was established on a new location (1919, active since 1920). It survived as a Polish institution until 1939. After the Second World War, as a result of changed borders, it found itself in the Soviet Union, and from 1990 – in the Republic of Lithuania. A multidisciplinary research project has been recently launched with the aim to create a publication on the history of science at the Stefan Batory University. The botanical part of the project includes, among others, drafting the history of the Botanic Garden. Obtaining electronic copies of archival documents, e.g. annual reports written by the directors, enabled a more thorough analysis of the Garden’s history. Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971), a plant physiologist, nominated as Professor in the Department of General Botany on 1 June 1920, was the organiser and the first director of the Garden. He resigned from his post in October 1923, due to financial problems of the Garden. From October 1923 to April 1924, the management was run by the acting director, Edward Bekier (1883–1945), Professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For 13 subsequent years, i.e. from 1 May 1924 to 30 April 1937, the directorship of the Garden was held by Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), a mycologist and one of the pioneers of phytopathology in Poland, Head of the Department of Botany II (Agricultural Botany), renamed in 1926 as the Department of Plant Taxonomy, and in 1937 – the Department of Taxonomy and Geography of Plants. From May 1937 to 1939, his successor as director was Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962), a researcher of slime moulds. Great credit for the development of the Garden is due to the Inspector, i.e. Chief Gardener, Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński) (1859–1936) working there from 1919, through his official nomination in 1920, until his death. He was an amateur-naturalist, a former landowner, who had lost his property. Apart from the work on establishing and maintaining the Garden’s collection, as well as readying seeds for exchange, he published one mycological paper, and prepared a manuscript on fungi, illustrated by himself, containing descriptions of the new species. Unfortunately, this work was not published for lack of funds, and the prepared material was scattered. Some other illustrations of flowering plants drawn by Prószyński survived. There were some obstacles to the further development of the institution, namely substantially inadequate funds as well as too few members of the personnel (1–3 gardeners, and 1–3 seasonal workers). The area of the Garden, covering approx. 2 hectares was situated on the left bank of the Neris river (Polish: Wilia). It was located on sandy soils of a floodplain, and thus liable to flooding. These were the reasons for the decision taken in June 1939 to move the Garden to a new site but the outbreak of the Second World War stood in the way. Despite these disadvantageous conditions, the management succeeded in setting up sections of plants analogous to these established in other botanical gardens in Poland and throughout the world, i.e. general taxonomy (1922), native flora (1922), psammophilous plants (1922), cultivated plants (1924/1925), plant ecology (1927/1928), alpinarium (1927–1929), high-bog plants (1927–1929), and, additionally – in the 1920s – the arboretum, as well as sections of aquatic and bog plants. A glasshouse was erected in 1926–1929 to provide room for plants of warm and tropical zones. The groups representing the various types of vegetation illustrated the progress in ecology and phytosociology in the science of the period (e.g. in the ecology section, the Raunkiaer’s life forms were presented). The number of species grown increased over time, from 1,347 in 1923/1924 to approx. 2,800 in 1936/1937. Difficult weather conditions – the severe winter of 1928 as well as the snowless winter and the dry summer of 1933/34 contributed to the reduction of the collections. The ground collections, destroyed by flood in spring of 1931, were restored in subsequent years. Initially, the source of plant material was the wild plant species collected during field trips. Many specimens were also obtained from other botanical gardens, such as Warsaw and Cracow (Kraków). Beginning from 1923, printed catalogues of seeds offered for exchange were published (cf. the list on p. ... ). Owing to that, the Garden began to participate in the national and international plant exchange networks. From its inception, the collection of the Garden was used for teaching purposes, primarily to the students of the University, as well as for the botanical education of schoolchildren and the general public, particularly of the residents of Vilna. Scientific experiments on phytopathology were conducted on the Garden’s plots. After Vilna was incorporated into Lithuania in October 1939, the Lithuanian authorities shut down the Stefan Batory University, thus ending the history of the Polish Botanic Garden. Its area is now one of the sections of the Vilnius University Botanic Garden (“Vingis” section – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). In 1964, its area was extended to 7.35 hectares. In 1974, after establishing the new Botanic Garden in Kairenai to the east of Vilnius, the old Garden lost its significance. Nevertheless, it still serves the students and townspeople of Vilnius, and its collections of flowering plants are often used to decorate and grace the university halls during celebrations.

Based on my revision of the types of Nearctic aleocharine staphylinids numerous nomenclatural and taxonomic changes are proposed. The following taxa are transferred: Acrimea acerba Casey, 1911a to Tinotus Sharp, 1883; Moluciba grandipennis Casey, 1911a to Oxypoda Mannerheim, 1830; Paradilacra Bernhauer, 1909 to subtribe Tachyusina Thomson, 1859 of tribe Oxypodini Thomson, 1859; Atheta angusticornis Bernhauer, 1907 to Boreophilia Benick, 1973; At. coriaria (Kraatz, 1856) (originally described in Homalota Mannerheim, 1830) to Dalotia Casey, 1910a; Homalota ambigua Erichson, 1839 to Strigota Casey, 1910a; Pseudousipalia microptera Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 to Emmelostiba Pace, 1982; and Sableta brittoni Casey, 1911a to Thamiaraea Thomson, 1858. The following new synonymies are established: Acrimea Casey, 1911a with Tinotus Sharp 1883; Acri. fimbriata Casey, 1911a with Ti. trisectus Casey, 1906; Acri. resecta Casey, 1911a with Ti. acerbus (Casey, 1911a); Ancillota Casey, 1910a and Moluciba Casey, 1911a with Oxypoda Mannerheim, 1830; Anc. sollemnis Casey, 1910a, O. vetula Casey, 1911a, O. neptis Casey, 1911a and O. schaefferi Notman, 1920 with O. amica Casey, 1906; Atheta lanei Casey, 1910a and At. nomadica Casey, 1910a with At. graminicola (Gravenhorst, 1806); Homalota polita Melsheimer, 1844, At. disjuncta Casey, 1910a, At. replicans Casey, 1910a, At. spadix Casey, 1910a and At. bucolica Casey, 1910a with At. aemula (Erichson, 1839); At. innocens Casey, 1910a, At. achromata Casey, 1911a and At. profecta Casey, 1911a with At. keeni Casey, 1910a; Dimetrota dempsterensis Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 with At. prudhoensis (Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990); At. aperta Casey, 1910a, At. wrangelica Casey, 1911a, At. morbosa Casey, 1911a, At. intacta Casey, 1911a and At. alaskana Casey, 1911a with At. picipennis (Mannerheim, 1843); At. leviceps Casey, 1910a, Dimetrota sectator Casey, 1910a, Dim. retrusa Casey, 1910a, Datomicra hebescens Casey, 1910a, Dat. insolida Casey, 1910a, Dat. pellax Casey, 1910a and Pseudota vana Casey, 1911a with At. hampshirensis Bernhauer, 1909; At. repexa Casey, 1911a with At. brumalis Casey, 1910a; At. querula Casey, 1910a, At. socors Casey, 1911a, Dimetrota resima Casey, 1910a, Dim. vigilans Casey, 1910a, Dim. immerita Casey, 1911a, Dim. incredula Casey, 1911a, Dim. opinata Casey, 1911a and Dim. cerebrosa Casey, 1911a with Atheta fenyesi Bernhauer, 1907; At. crassicornis virginica Bernhauer, 1907, At. rhodeana Casey, 1910a, At. capella Casey, 1910a, At. ducens Casey, 1910a, At. temperans Casey, 1910a, At. logica Casey, 1910a, At. tradita Casey, 1911a, At. fenisex Casey, 1911a, At. vierecki Casey, 1911a, At. auguralis Casey, 1911a and At. bifaria Casey, 1911a with At. modesta (Melsheimer, 1844); At. comitata Casey, 1910a, At. gnoma Casey, 1910a, At. elota Casey, 1910a, At. insidiosa Casey, 1910a, Pseudota puricula Casey, 1911a, At. candidula Casey, 1911a, At. diffisa Casey, 1911a, At. nata Casey, 1911a, At. modiella Casey, 1911a and At. vacillans Casey, 1911a with At. frosti Bernhauer, 1909; At. mollicula Casey, 1910a, Sableta phrenetica Casey, 1910a, At. callens Casey, 1911a, At. franklini Casey, 1911a and At. postulans Casey, 1911a with At. ventricosa Bernhauer, 1907; At. cephalina Casey, 1910a, At. nympha Casey, 1910a, At. discreta Casey, 1910a: 42 (nec Casey, 1893, nec Casey, 1910a: 79), Pseudota dissensa Casey, 1910a, At. villica Casey, 1911a and At. disca Moore & Legner, 1975 with At. klagesi Bernhauer,1909; At. citata Casey, 1910a, At. evecta Casey, 1910a, At. propitia Casey, 1911a, At. palpator Casey, 1911a, At. burra Casey, 1911a and At. nacta Casey, 1911a with At. annexa Casey, 1910a; At. sumpta Casey, 1911a with At. concessa Casey, 1911a; At. punctata Blatchley, 1910, Synaptina merica Casey, 1910a and Sy. consonens Casey, 1910a with At. festinans (Erichson, 1839); Boreostiba hudsonica Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 with At. parvipennis Bernhauer, 1907; Boreophilia chillcotti Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 with At. blatchleyi Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926; Datomicra decolorata Casey, 1910a, Dat. inopia Casey, 1910a, Dat. schematica Casey, 1910a and Dat. stilla Casey, 1910a with At. dadopora Thomson, 1867; Boreophilia caseyiana Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 with Boreophilia nomensis (Casey, 1910a); Metaxya plutonica Casey, 1910a with Boreophilia angusticornis (Bernhauer, 1907); Boreostiba lamellifera Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 with Boreostiba frigida (J. Sahlberg, 1880); At. laurentiana Blatchley, 1910 with Aloconota sulcifrons (Stephens, 1832); At. immigrans Easton, 1971 with Adota maritima (Mannerheim, 1843); Pseudota miscella Casey, 1910a, Dimetrota pectorina Casey, 1910a and Dim. crucialis Casey, 1910a with Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz, 1856); Dimetrota revoluta Casey, 1910a and Datomicra vaciva Casey, 1910a with Dochmonota rudiventris (Eppelsheim, 1886); At. insolens Casey, 1910a, Dimetrota resplendens Casey, 1910a and At. apposita Casey, 1911a with Liogluta nitens (Mäklin in Mannerheim, 1852); Achromata Casey, 1893 with Mocyta Mulsant & Rey, 1874a; Achromata fusiformis Casey, 1893, Dimetrota nuptalis Casey, 1910a, Acrotona lividula Casey, 1910a and Acro. adjuvans Casey, 1910a with Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst, 1806); Acrotona digesta Casey, 1910a, Acro. severa Casey, 1910a, Acro. shastanica Casey, 1910a, Acro. prudens Casey, 1910a, Acro. ardelio Casey, 1910a, Acro. renoica Casey, 1910a and Acro. malaca Casey, 1910a with Mocyta breviuscula (Mäklin in Mannerheim, 1852); Eustrigota Casey, 1911a with Acrotona Thomson, 1859; Colpodota inceptor Casey, 1910a, C. abdicans Casey, 1910a, C. repentina Casey, 1910a, C. laxella Casey, 1910a, C. pupilla Casey, 1910a and Strigota seclusa Casey, 1911a with Acrotona sonomana (Casey, 1910a); Anaduosternum Notman, 1922 with Strigota Casey, 1910a; Strigota oppidana Casey, 1910a, St. gnava Casey, 1910a, St. verecunda Casey, 1910a, St. assueta Casey, 1910a, St. mediocris Casey, 1910a, St. vapida Casey, 1910a, St. inculta Casey, 1910a, St. placata Casey, 1910a, St. recta Casey, 1911a, Anaduosternum brevipennis Notman, 1922 and Atheta notmani Moore & Legner, 1975 with St. ambigua (Erichson, 1839); Pseudousipalia Lohse in Lohse et al., 1990 with Emmelostiba Pace, 1982; Fusalia Casey, 1911a with Thamiaraea Thomson, 1858; Th. lira Hoebeke, 1988 and Th. paralira Hoebeke, 1994 with Th. brittoni (Casey, 1911a); Drusilla cavicollis Casey, 1906 with Dr. canaliculata (Fabricius, 1787); Leptusa laticollis Notman, 1921 with Le. brevicollis Casey, 1893; Sipalia fontana Casey, 1911a and Pasilia virginica Casey, 1911a with Leptusa elegans Blatchley, 1910; and Pseudota cornicula Casey, 1911a with Placusa vaga Casey, 1911a. Tinotus pallidus Casey, 1911a is removed from synonymy with Ti. caviceps Casey, 1893 and is placed in synonymy with Ti. trisectus Casey, 1906. Atheta granulata (Mannerheim, 1846) (originally described in Homalota) is considered to be a synonym of At. graminicola (Gravenhorst, 1806), which has Holarctic (circumboreal) distribution. Atheta keeni Casey, 1910a is the valid name for At. vasta sensu Klimaszewski & Winchester, 2002. Boreostiba frigida (J. Sahlberg, 1880) is removed from synonymy with Boreostiba sibirica (Mäklin, 1880) and is considered to be a valid species. Leptusa obscura Blatchley, 1910 is removed from synonymy with Le. canonica Casey, 1906 and is considered to be a valid species. The following synonymies are confirmed: Devia congruens (Casey, 1893) with De. prospera (Erichson, 1839); Paradilacra persola Casey, 1910a, Pa. willametta Casey, 1910a, Pa. uintana Casey, 1910a, Pa. glenorica Casey, 1910a, Pa. symbolica Casey, 1911a, Pa. erebea Casey, 1911a, Pa. subaequa Casey, 1911a, Pa. sinistra Casey, 1911a, Pa. memnonia Casey, 1911a, Pa. vulgatulaCasey, 1911a and Pa. deserticola Casey, 1911a with Pa. densissima (Bernhauer, 1909); Atheta carlottae Casey, 1910a with At. picipennis (Mannerheim, 1843); At. maeklini Fenyes, 1820 (replacement name for Homalota moesta Mäklin in Mannerheim, 1852) with At. hampshirensis Bernhauer, 1909; At. fontis Casey, 1911a with At. pennsylvanica Bernhauer, 1907, Leptusa tricolor Casey, 1906, Le. nebulosa Casey, 1911a and Le. iowensis Casey, 1911a with Le. canonica Casey, 1906; Le. seminitens Casey, 1893 with Le. opaca Casey, 1893. Atheta picipennis (Mannerheim, 1843) (ex Homalota) is a nomen protectum and At. picipennis (Stephens, 1832) (ex Aleochara; a junior synonym of At. amicula (Stephens, 1832)) is a nomen oblitum. Lectotypes are designated for Acrimea fimbriata Casey, 1911a, Acri. acerba Casey, 1911a, Acri. resecta Casey, 1911a, Ancillota sollemnis Casey, 1910a, Oxypoda amica Casey, 1906, O. vetula Casey, 1911a, O. neptis Casey, 1911a, O. schaefferi Notman, 1920, O. prospera Erichson, 1839, O. congruens Casey, 1893, Atheta densissima Bernhauer, 1909, At. lanei Casey, 1910a, At. nomadica Casey, 1910a, At. disjuncta Casey, 1910a, At. replicans Casey, 1910a, At. spadix Casey, 1910a, At. keeni Casey, 1910a, At. innocens Casey, 1910a, At. achromata Casey, 1911a, At. profecta Casey, 1911a, At. carlottae Casey, 1910a, At. aperta Casey, 1910a, At. morbosa Casey, 1911a, At. alaskana Casey, 1911a, At. altaica Bernhauer, 1901, At. leviceps Casey, 1910a, At. hampshirensis Bernhauer, 1909, At. brumalis Casey, 1910a, At. repexa Casey, 1911a, At. fenyesi Bernhauer, 1907, At. querula Casey, 1910a, At. socors Casey, 1911a, At. crassicornis var. virginica Bernhauer, 1907, At. rhodeana Casey, 1910a, At. capella Casey, 1910a, At. ducens Casey, 1910a, At. temperans Casey, 1910a, At. logica Casey, 1911a, At. tradita Casey, 1911a, At. fenisex Casey, 1911a, At. vierecki Casey, 1911a, At. auguralis Casey, 1911a, At. bifaria Casey, 1911a, At. frosti Bernhauer, 1907, At. comitata Casey, 1910a, At. gnoma Casey, 1910a, At. elota Casey, 1910a, At. insidiosa Casey, 1910a, At. candidula Casey, 1911a, At. diffisa Casey, 1911a, At. nata Casey, 1911a, At. modiella Casey, 1911a, At. vacillans Casey, 1911a, At. ventricosa Bernhauer, 1907, At. mollicula Casey, 1910a, At. callens Casey, 1911a, At. franklini Casey, 1911a, At. postulans Casey, 1911a, At. klagesi Bernhauer, 1909, Atheta cephalina Casey, 1910a, At. nympha Casey, 1910a, At. discreta Casey, 1910a: 42 (nec Casey, 1893, nec Casey, 1910a: 79), At. citata Casey, 1910a, At. evecta Casey, 1910a, At. propitia Casey, 1911a, At. palpator Casey, 1911a, At. burra Casey, 1911a, At. nacta Casey, 1911a, At. concessa Casey, 1911a, At. punctata Blatchley, 1910, At. parvipennis Bernhauer, 1907, At. caviceps Blatchley, 1910, At. pennsylvanica Bernhauer, 1907, At. angusticornis Bernhauer, 1907, Atheta laurentiana Blatchley, 1910, At. insolens Casey, 1910a, At. apposita Casey, 1911a, Paradilacra persola Casey, 1910a, Pa. willametta Casey, 1910a, Pa. uintana Casey, 1910a, Pa. glenorica Casey, 1910a, Pa. symbolica Casey, 1911a, Pa. erebea Casey, 1911a, Pa. subaequa Casey, 1911a, Pa. sinistra Casey, 1911a, Pa. memnonia Casey, 1911a, Pa. deserticola Casey, 1911a, Aleochara graminicola Gravenhorst, 1806, Ale. nigritula Gravenhorst, 1802, Homalota aemula Erichson, 1839, H. polita Melsheimer, 1844, H. modesta Melsheimer, 1844, H. sodalis Erichson, 1837, H. festinans Erichson, 1839, H. ambigua Erichson, 1839, Dimetrota sectator Casey, 1910a, Dim. retrusa Casey, 1910a, Dim. resima Casey, 1910a, Dim. vigilans Casey, 1910a, Dim. incredula Casey, 1911a, Dim. opinata Casey, 1911a, Dim. cerebrosa Casey, 1911a, Dim. pectorina Casey, 1910a, Dim. crucialis Casey, 1910a, Datomicra hebescens Casey, 1910a, Dat. insolida Casey, 1910a, Dat. decolorata Casey, 1910a, Dat. inopia Casey, 1910a, Dat. schematica Casey, 1910a, Dat. stilla Casey, 1910a, Dat. vaciva Casey, 1910a, Pseudota vana Casey, 1911a, Ps. puricula Casey, 1911a, Ps. dissensa Casey, 1910a, Ps. miscella Casey, 1910a, Sableta phrenetica Casey, 1910a, Sa. brittoni Casey, 1911a, Synaptina merica Casey, 1910a, Sy. consonens Casey, 1910a, Metaxya plutonica Casey, 1910a, Acrotona lividula Casey, 1910a, Acro. adjuvans Casey, 1910a, Acro. digesta Casey, 1910a, Acro. severa Casey, 1910a, Acro. shastanicaCasey, 1910a, Acro. prudens Casey, 1910a, Acro. ardelio Casey, 1910a, Acro. renoica Casey, 1910a, Acro. malaca Casey, 1910a, Colpodota sonomana Casey, 1910a, C. inceptor Casey, 1910a, C. abdicans Casey, 1910a, C. repentina Casey, 1910a, C. laxella Casey, 1910a, C. pupilla Casey, 1911a, Strigota seclusa Casey, 1911a, St. oppidana Casey, 1910a, St. gnava Casey, 1910a, St. verecunda Casey, 1910a, St. assueta Casey, 1910a, St. mediocris Casey, 1910a, St. vapida Casey, 1910a, St. inculta Casey, 1910a, St. placata Casey, 1910a, St. recta Casey, 1911a, Leptusa seminitens Casey, 1893, Le. tricolor Casey, 1906, Le. nebulosa Casey, 1911a, Le. obscura Blatchley, 1910, Le. elegans Blatchley, 1910, Ulitusa pusio Casey, 1906 and Sipalia fontana Casey, 1911a. Oxypoda acuminata (Stephens, 1832) and Atheta dadopora Thomson, 1867 are reported from North America for the first time. North American records of Atheta altaica Bernhauer, 1901 are confirmed.

»At tale med de døde ...« Om sækularisering og hermeneutik i Kaj Thanings forfatterskab. Bibliografi over Kaj Thanings forfatterskab[»Talking with the dead« - On secularisation and hermeneutics in the writings of Kaj Thaning]By Mikkel Crone NielsenKaj Thaning’s thesis that Gr.’s visits to England 1829-31 led to his »conversion to life« and emergence as advocate of ‘secularisation’ has proved both influential and controversial, as has his methodological approach to the interpretation of Gr.’s writings with its underpinning thesis that Gr.’s entire literary production is determined by the one basic problem: how the relationship between human life and Christianity is to be understood.Raised in a Grundtvigian and clerical family, Thaning overtly personalized the theological issues that involved him. From 1922 onwards he was an activist in the Danish student-Christian association (Danmarks kristelige Studenterforbund), which was to voice through the periodical Tidehvery a radical criticism of the inward-turned and exclusive character of contemporary Danish congregational life, which judgmentally isolated itself from those powerful secular movements going on within national life as a whole. He held that it was not the true nature of the gospel, and therefore not the proper business of the Church, to exercise a judgmental power over the secular world.Rather, the congregation instead of clinging to ‘churchliness’ should provide an open place among the people where the gospel, which is for all the people, was proclaimed. The Church must be willing to risk a weakening of Christianity’s spiritual influence in this desirable process of ‘secularisation’.Believing that such ‘secularisation’ was entirely within the spirit of Gr. himself, contrary to the received ‘myth’ of Gr., Thaning proposes (1941) to »work with Gr. in his workshop« - to follow Gr. through his successive writings, as he hammered out his beliefs. Thus he analyses Gr.’s confrontation with himself (opgør med sig selv) in the wake of the England-visits, the outcome of which was Gr.’s rejection of German idealism in favour of an antiidealistic, common-sense thinking which Thaning calls ‘realism’. In the introduction to his Nordic Mythology (1832), Gr. moves towards prioritizing the human experiencing of existence in this world, here and now, over the cultivation of an empowered Christian religion, and towards seeing Christianity as endorsing rather than opposing this existential engagement with the life given in creation and with the moment.Charged by his critics with applying modem existentialist theological concepts alien to Gr., Thaning defends the concept ‘secularisation’ which he has adopted from Friedrich Gogarten - though he can be shown to have trodden his own independent path, especially in that, where Gogarten derives his justification from the Christian faith itself, Thaning derives his from a recognition of the innate worth of created human life without necessary reference to the Christian religion. The Christian gospel disavows any apologetic intention or any imposition of authority over its adherents, and God’s word must wander the world homeless. Redemption is to be understood in terms of the freeing of created human life from its shackles - the very shackles which gnosticism would lay upon human beings, namely utter disavowal and rejection of the world and the human experiencing of it. The critique of religion informing Thaning’s writings is primarily directed against such gnosticism - which he calls ‘pilgrim-Christianity’ (pilgrimskristendom) - as it thrives in latter-day Lutherdom. Gr. is himself aware of his role as a father of such ‘secularisation’ and Thaning, following him, is prepared to find the starting-point for his own ‘secularisation-theology’ even in ‘heathen’, non-Christian human life, because this is what life demands.Central to Thaning’s interpretative method is the assumption that historical distance between an author and a commentator can be bridged when the issue is one of common human existential experiencing. With Rudolf Bultmann (and behind him, Heidegger), Thaning accepts that the neutrality of a systematic, objective analysis is thus relinquished in favour of an existential interest in the shared situation addressed. The exegete meets the text with his own premises in mind, expecting that the text will then cast new light upon them. Thus a dialogue is validated; but subjective arbitrariness in the exegete is constrained by adherence to »a formal anthropology and an existential analysis«.Thaning’s understanding of that life given to human beings in creation is greatly indebted to the religious-historical writings of Vilhelm Grønbech, who in particular rejects the distinctively European concept of human life as a pilgrimage through an imperfect world to the perfection of the heavenly homeland, along with its resultant dualistic perception of a true, spiritual self engaged in a struggle with the natural self. Herein, Thaning perceives not just a European but a universal and historical conflict between religion and human life, which stance furnishes him, in practice, with a theological hermeneutic.Thus Thaning engaged in a generational confrontation with a certain traditional Grundtvigian conceptualisation of the Christian congregation. Though he made little overt declaration of his hermeneutical method, he worked with discernible controlling concepts and brought to the task an enormous knowledge of Gr.’s writings. Accordingly he made an unparalleled impact upon Gr. studies and his work stands as an indispensable reference-point in Gr. research.

O cinema preto e branco e os espetáculos de dança possuem similaridades quanto à utilização de jogos entre o claro e o escuro. Ambas as formas de arte exploram à Iluminação para criar narrativas visuais específicas. Nesta condição, conceitos de noite tendem a expressar um ambiente outro que não o ‘real’. Este escrito analisa as produções fílmicas Nosferatu (1922) e L’avventura (1964) e os espetáculos de dança La Sylphide (1832) e Triz (2013), levando em consideração ideias de noite com ênfase nos conceitos de escuridão e sombra.Palavras-chave: Cinema, dança, iluminação

Abstract: This paper intends demonstrate to what extent Krausism, doctrine named after the German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832), influenced Juan Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian politician and two-time president (1916-1922 and 1928-1930) to challenge tradition and advocate for a new international law, Pan Americanism, linked to the the idea of the right to share the Earth and one humanity, thus, inspiring him to pursue a different path in the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles and at the League of Nations after the First World War.

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the memoirs and letters of Princess Sālima bt. Saʿīd (d. 1922), whose father, Saʿīd b. Sulṭān (d. 1856), was the ruler of Oman and Zanzibar from 1832 to 1856. One hundred and fifty years ago, the princess entered into a relationship with a young German man, Rudolph Ruete. After the princess fell pregnant, putting her in conflict with the stipulations of her Islamic religion, she decided to elope with her lover and to bet on him. The paper argues that the princess was a revolutionary woman in opposition to traditional Zanzibari culture, and that her story highlights clearly the issue of women and the crisis of freedom in Arab and Islamic culture during that time.