Journal articles: '1860-1862'

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SWANSON, DANIEL R., and STEPHEN W. III CHORDAS. "Annotated list of the assassin bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of Belize, with the description of two new species." Zootaxa 4500, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4500.3.7.

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Fifty-one species of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are recorded from Belize; literature citations are provided where relevant, and specimen data are included for examined material. Thirteen previously-described species are reported from Belize for the first time, ten of which represent new generic records: Eupheno histrionicus Stål, 1862 (Cetherinae); Ghinallelia signoreti (Dohrn, 1860) (Emesinae); Rasahus albomaculatus (Mayr, 1865) (Peiratinae); Leogorrus interruptus Champion, 1899; Microlestria laevis Champion, 1899; Nalata quadrituberculata Champion, 1899; Nalata setulosa Stål, 1862; Pseudozelurus superbus (Champion, 1899); Zelurus spinidorsis (Gray, 1832) (all Reduviinae); Oncerotrachelus conformis Uhler, 1894; Saica fuscipes Stål, 1862 (both Saicinae); Gnathobleda litigiosa Stål, 1862; and Stenopoda wygodzinskyi Giacchi, 1969 (both Stenopodainae). Among the ten subfamilies reported, Belizean records for one subfamily, Saicinae, are reported for the first time. Accompanying the checklist are the descriptions of Castolus omega Swanson sp. nov. (Harpactorinae) and Pygolampis aptena Swanson sp. nov. (Stenopodainae).

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Binnington, Ian. "Standing Upon a Volcano: Cincinnati’s Newspapers Debate Emancipation, 1860–1862." American Nineteenth Century History 10, no. 2 (June 2009): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664650902908128.

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Riall, L. J. "Liberal policy and the control of public order in western Sicily 1860–1862." Historical Journal 35, no. 2 (June 1992): 345–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00025838.

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AbstractThis article is concerned with explanations of the failure of stateformation and nation building in liberal Italy, and concentrates on attempts to integrate western Sicily into the new political framework. The marxist account of this process has emphasized the extent of peasant revolt against the new state, and its brutal repression. Unification, it is argued, failed because it was based on coercion and domination rather than on leadership by popular consent. The present article suggests that this explanation is incomplete as it ignores the behaviour and attitude of local elites within western Sicily. The dominance of local affairs by such groups was challenged by the advent of a modern centralizing state. The article uses records from this period to show that many local notables frustrated government efforts to set up new town councils, new police forces and a liberal judicial system. This kind of resistance was far more difficult to overcome than popular revolt, because it could (and did) challenge the whole basis of centralized liberal rule. The article also looks at the military repression of the 1860s and argues that it too was undermined by the opposition of local elites. An additional reason, therefore, for the failure of unification after 1860 may be the new state's lack of appeal among its supposed class allies.

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Guerrero Cano, María Magdalena. "Expediciones a Santo Domingo. El fracaso de un proyecto de colonización (1860-1862)." TROCADERO, no. 14 (2003): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25267/trocadero.2003.i14.04.

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Guerrero Cano, María Magdalena. "Expediciones a Santo Domingo. El fracaso de un proyecto de colonización (1860-1862)." Revista ECOS UASD 6, no. 8 (October 8, 1999): 71–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51274/ecos.v6i8.pp71-106.

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A la hora de abordar un tema de emigración, nos encontramos siempre con tres cuestiones que son ineludibles: a) el lugar de partida: su densidad de población y presión demográfica, situación económica, posibilidades de alcanzar mejor nivel económico y social, existencia de programas estatales de emigración, etc.; b) el lugar de arribada o meta: buenas oportunidades, tierra disponible, posibilidades de trabajo y progreso individual, etc.; y c) por último, el hecho en sí, ¿cuál es el detonante que hace que en un momento determinado de la historia, un grupo de gente se ponga en movimiento para trasladarse a otro lugar, abandonando su tierra con lo que eso lleva aparejado de dramatismo: abandono del terruño, separación y posible ruptura definitiva con la familia, forzosa adaptación a buenas nuevas costumbres y forma de vida.

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Sloan, Casey. "POSSESSING DRESSES: FASHION AND FEMALE COMMUNITY INTHE WOMAN IN WHITE." Victorian Literature and Culture 44, no. 4 (November 4, 2016): 801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015031600022x.

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Margaret Oliphant much preferredThe Woman in White(published serially 1859–1860) toGreat Expectations(published serially 1860–1861). This partiality emerges in a comparative treatment of the texts in her oft-quoted 1862 treatise on sensation fiction, and it rests on the desirability of authors producing thrills using “modest and subtle means” (“Sensation Novels” 569) instead of “by fantastic eccentricities” and “high-strained oddity” (“Sensation Novels” 574). While the existence of an argument against the allegedly regrettable excesses of fantastical narratives will not shock any reader familiar with contemporary criticism of sensation fiction, or, for that matter, Romantic-era novels or Gothic works in general, the primary evidence Oliphant uses to argue her case might come as a surprise. In order to discredit Charles Dickens's ghostly accounts of Miss Havisham's bridal tomb in favor of Wilkie Collins's eerie images of Anne Catherick appearing on a moonlit moor, Margaret Oliphant turns to clothing.

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Prokhorova, Irina E. "„В уровень с годами”: к проблеме геронтологической рефлексии позднего Вяземского." Slavica Wratislaviensia 163 (March 17, 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.163.7.

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„At the level of the years” to the problem of old Vyazemskyʼs gerontology reflectionI.E. Prokhorova’s article analyzes “poetry of the old age”, created by Petr Vyazemsky in the last two decades of his life 1860–1870’s. It is distinguished by intensive philosophical and psychological reflection on the problems of “extended” life, death and immortality, tragical awareness of the transformation of oldster`s identity as well as unique degree of poetic expression candor. Particular attention is paid to Vyazemsky’s lyrical cycle “Gloom with glimpses” 1876? and poems “Old age” 1862 and “Our life at senile age — a worn-out robe ...” 1874–1877. In them poet succeeded to manifest his perception of “last age” ambivalence as fully, clearly and brightly as possible and to raise the questions about the values of “perfect” cheerful oldness and the conditions to achieve it at the same time.„Stosownie do wieku”: ze studiów nad refleksją gerontologiczną późnego WiaziemskiegoW artykule poddano analizie „poezję starości” Piotra Wiaziemskiego, która powstała w dwóch ostatnich dziesięcioleciach jego życia lata 1860–1870. Wyróżnia się ona filozoficzno-psychologiczną refleksją nad problemami „przedłużonego” życia, śmierci i nieśmiertelności, wyraża tragiczną świadomość transformacji osobowości człowieka w podeszłym wieku, cechuje się szczerością wypowiedzi. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono cyklowi lirycznemu Wiaziemskiego Chandra z przebłyskami Хандра с проблесками, 1876?, wierszom Starość Старость, 1862 i Życie nasze w starości — niczym znoszony szlafrok… Жизнь наша в старости — изношенный халат..., 1874–1877. Poeta najpełniej wyraził w nich pogląd na ambiwalentność „ostatniego wieku”, ocenił wartość godnej starości i zastanowił się, jak ją osiągnąć.

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Gomes, Sandro Aramis Richter. "Definição de candidaturas parlamentares e relações entre chefes partidários no Brasil monárquico: o caso da participação de Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos em eleições na Província do Paraná (1861-1862)." Almanack, no. 16 (August 2017): 121–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-463320171603.

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Resumo Este artigo comporta uma investigação sobre as articulações políticas que resultaram no lançamento das candidaturas do bacharel baiano Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos (1815-1877) a deputado geral pela província do Paraná, nos anos de 1861 e 1862. O presente estudo, portanto, consiste em uma análise acerca das implicações da ausência de regras precisas para o relacionamento entre os membros das instâncias administrativas dos partidos monárquicos. No Paraná dos anos 1860, as principais implicações dessa ausência eram a ingerência de lideranças nacionais do Partido Liberal sobre processos de definição de candidaturas parlamentares e a neutralização do poder da elite política provincial. De outra parte, é evidenciado que a ingerência de lideranças nacionais na dinâmica eleitoral da província também inibia o lançamento de candidaturas pelo Partido Conservador. Nesse quadro, demonstra-se que os desígnios eleitorais de líderes nacionais do Partido Liberal, no princípio dos anos 1860, limitaram a autonomia das lideranças paranaenses da agremiação no tocante aos modos de gestão desse partido.

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Makarov, Kirill Vladimirovich, Yurii Nikolaevich Sundukov, and Andrey Vladimirovich Matalin. "Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in fumarole fields of Kunashir Island, Kuril Archipelago, Russia." Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, Suppl. (December 30, 2020): 97–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.97.2020.

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Five species of ground beetles are permanent inhabitants of the fumarola fields on Kunashir Island: Cicindela (Cicindela) sachalinensis A. Morawitz, 1862; Cylindera (Eugrapha) elisae (Motschulsky, 1859); Bembidion (Ocydromus) dolorosum (Motschulsky, 1860); B. (Peryphanes) sanatum Bates, 1883, and Poecilus (Poecilus) samurai (Lutshnik, 1916). These species respond differently to extreme conditions. In some species, the size is decreased (C. elisae, B. dolorosum), but is increased in P. samurai; in B. dolorosum, the pigmentation is decreased, while increased in others (C. sachalinensis, C. elisae, P. samurai). The degree of these variations depends neither on taxonomic relations nor the adaptation time. The areas of moderate thermal activity of Kunashir volcanoes could have served as refugia during the colder climatic periods. Based on data on the variability and barcoding of B. dolorosum, the following new synonymy is established: Bembidion (Ocydromus) dolorosum (Motschulsky, 1860) = Bembidion (Ocydromus) negrei Habu, 1958, syn. nov. = Bembidion (Peryphus) kuznetsovi Lafer, 2002, syn. nov.

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CLEMENTI, MORENO, NEVENA KUZMANOVIĆ, ZOLTAN BARINA, DMITAR LAKUŠIĆ, and SNEŽANA VUKOJIČIĆ. "Typification of five names listed by Roberto de Visiani in Plantarum Serbicarum Pemptas." Phytotaxa 170, no. 1 (May 19, 2014): 057. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.9.

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Roberto de Visiani (1800–1878) was a Dalmatian botanist of Italian ancestry. During the 1850s he started a long lasting collaboration with a Serbian professor - botanist Josif Pančić (1814–1888), who worked in Belgrade. During this period, from 1858 to 1871, they described thirty-five new species and one new variety, in four articles (Visiani 1860, Visiani & Pančić 1862, Visiani & Pančić 1865, Visiani & Pančić 1870). Many of their names are still in general use or are basionyms of the names in use (Euro+Med 2014), but, with few exceptions, they have not yet been typified.

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Scott P. Marler. ""An Abiding Faith in Cotton": The Merchant Capitalist Community of New Orleans, 1860–1862." Civil War History 54, no. 3 (2008): 247–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.0.0017.

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Wiech, Stanisław. "U źródeł drugiego Komitetu Zachodniego. Sprawa polska na Ziemiach Zabranych w latach 1860–1862." Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 54, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sdr.2019.1.08.

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Campos, Eudes. "A cidade de São Paulo e a era dos melhoramentos materiaes: Obras públicas e arquitetura vistas por meio de fotografias de autoria de Militão Augusto de Azevedo, datadas do período 1862-1863." Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material 15, no. 1 (June 2007): 11–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-47142007000100002.

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Tomadas entre os anos de 1862 e 1863, as primeiras fotos paulistanas de autoria de Militão Augusto de Azevedo são sempre evocadas por documentarem a vetustez, a precariedade e a letargia da cidade de São Paulo dos meados do século XIX. Nossa interpretação, no entanto, baseada na leitura de fontes primárias da época, propõe um sentido substancialmente oposto a esse. Entre os anos de 1850 e 1860, a arquitetura e os espaços urbanos de São Paulo já apresentavam significativas modernizações, que aparecem nas fotografias de Militão de Azevedo, hoje pertencentes ao acervo do Museu Paulista e também da Divisão de Iconografia e Museus, do Departamento do Patrimônio Histórico paulistano.

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Abdoli, Parisa, Ali Asghar Talebi, Jose Fernandez-Triana, and Samira Farahani. "Taxonomic study of the genus Microplitis Förster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Iran." European Journal of Taxonomy 744 (April 9, 2021): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1305.

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The genus Microplitis Förster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) was studied from northern Iran. Specimens were collected using Malaise traps during 2010–2011. A total of 13 species were collected and identified, of which six species are recorded for the first time from Iran: M. cebes Nixon, 1970, M. docilis Nixon, 1970, M. eremitus Reinhard, 1880, M. kaszabi Papp, 1980, M. pallidipennis Tobias, 1964 and M. varipes (Ruthe, 1860). Two species M. kaszabi and M. pallidipennis are new records for the west Palaearctic region. A new species, Microplitis alborziensis Abdoli & Talebi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The number of species of Microplitis in Iran is now raised from 17 to 24. A faunistic list, an identification key to all known Iranian species and brief diagnoses and illustrations for all species that have been collected in this study are provided. The validity of the new species is supported by DNA barcoding.

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Tunc, Tanfer Emin. "Food on the Borderlands: Josie Underwood’s Civil War Diary and the Kentucky Home Front, 1860–1862." War & Society 36, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2017.1326581.

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Райківський, Ігор. "ПЕРШІ КОНТАКТИ ПАНТЕЛЕЙМОНА КУЛІША З ГАЛИЧИНОЮ (1858–1865 рр.)." Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис "Галичина", no. 33 (December 20, 2020): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/gal.33.72-92.

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У статті висвітлюються контакти Пантелеймона Куліша з Галичиною, що охоплюють період від першого приїзду українського письменника і громадського діяча до Львова влітку 1858 р. і до переходу на державну службу наприкінці 1864 р. та появи останніх публікацій у часописах “ранніх” народовців на початку 1865 р. П. Куліш відіграв особливу роль в утвердженні української національної ідеї серед галичан, особливо в 1867 р. – на початку 1870-х рр., підтримував діяльність місцевих народовців. Значну увагу звернено на листування П. Куліша з Я. Головацьким після знайомства в 1858 р., його взаємини з лідерами народовців Д. Танячкевичем і К. Климковичем, русофілом Б. Дідицьким та ін. Різножанрові твори П. Куліша – як нові, так і раніше опубліковані, насамперед з альманаху “Кіевлянинъ” 1840 і 1841 рр. та петербурзького журналу “Основа” (1861–1862 рр.) – регулярно друкувалися в народовській пресі у Львові – часописах “Вечерниці” (1862–1863 рр.), “Мета” (1863–1865 рр.) і “Нива” (1865 р.). Водночас П. Куліш друкувався в русофільських виданнях – газеті “Слово” і літературному збірнику “Галичанинъ”, що на початку 1860-х рр. проявляли інтерес до нової української літератури. Кулішеві зв’язки з галицькими діячами перервалися після його призначення російським чиновником у Варшаві в умовах посилення антиукраїнських репресій царизму та внутрішньої кризи в діяльності галицьких народовців. З новою силою інтерес П. Куліша до Галичини проявився з 1866 р. Ключові слова: Пантелеймон Куліш, український діяч, Галичина, контакти, часопис, народовці, русофіли.

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Silva, Luiz Geraldo Santos da, and Ariel Feldman. "Revisitando o passado em tempos de crise: federalismo e memória no período regencial (1831-1840)." Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) 11, no. 21 (December 2010): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-101x011021008.

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Este artigo analisa a contra-memória criada no período regencial em torno dos movimentos políticos pernambucanos de 1817 e 1824, propagada principalmente através do jornal O Carapuceiro (1832-1842), publicado por Miguel do Sacramento Lopes Gama. Procuramos demonstrar que esse periódico foi, sobretudo, político e não, meramente de costumes, e que teve grande influência no processo de retorno dos conservadores ao poder, em 1837. Examinamos, também, como a memória sobre aqueles eventos foi redefinida, entre as décadas de 1840 e 1860, como resultado da publicação de obras, como a de Muniz Tavares (História da Revolução de Pernambuco em 1817), e da fundação do Instituto Arqueológico e Geográfico Pernambucano (1862) que procuraram instituir outra contra-memória daqueles movimentos, articuladamente à construção de uma identidade provincial e contraposta à identidade imperial, forjada no âmbito do IHGB e da historiografia produzida em seu interior.

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Öztekin, Sercan. "Subversion of gender stereotypes in Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret." Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies, no. 32(1) (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cr.2021.32.1.03.

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Victorian sensation fiction strives to go beyond its time through issues and characters that do not conform to nineteenth century social norms. The novels of this genre depict the sensational lives with deceits and crimes which shocked the readers of their time, and they increase the reader’s tension with sensational narratives including untraditional matters and portrayals. Along with scandalous and criminal subjects, these works sometimes offer unconventional depictions of femininity and masculinity in the Victorian Age. Accordingly, this paper discusses Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White (1860) and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) focusing on male and female characters challenging traditional gender stereotypes. It examines how these novels describe characters rather dissimilar to the ones in the traditional fiction of the era through their cunnings, intrigues, and unconventional attitudes with regard to marriage, power, and gender roles.

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Virovets, Sofia V. "Disputes About the Politics of England and France on the Pages of Russian Magazines of 1860-1862 and the Position of the Dostoevsky Brothers' Magazine Vremya." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 451 (February 1, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/451/3.

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DeArce, Miguel. "The natural history review (1854–1865)." Archives of Natural History 39, no. 2 (October 2012): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2012.0093.

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The natural history review was a quarterly founded in 1854 by Edward Perceval Wright, then an undergraduate student of zoology at Trinity College Dublin. Its first editorial committee (1856–1860) held traditional views of natural history. By 1860 The natural history review had failed, ostensibly for lack of subscribers, and Wright put it in the hands of Thomas Henry Huxley who, together with Joseph Hooker, John Tyndall and others, was then looking for a vehicle to disseminate the agenda of what Huxley later called “scientific naturalism”. Against advice from his friends, Darwin, Lyell and Hooker, Huxley accepted the editorship, preserving the title but giving The natural history review a new direction by replacing the former editorial team with some of his like-minded colleagues. Extant correspondence between several of these comprises dozens of letters in which The natural history review (1861–1865) was discussed. By the end of 1862 Huxley had given up on it, but the periodical survived until July 1865 with Hooker at the head. Throughout this second series, Charles Darwin exercised an unofficial, effective, and to today's eyes, ethically questionable editorial role. The natural history review ceased publication under Hooker in 1865. Competition from other publications, the lack of a clear purpose and the prevalence of ideology over business sense in the editor-in-chief were the likely reasons for its repeated failures.

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Hoogland, R. D., and H. S. MacKee. "(917) Proposal to Conserve 3277 Pancheria Brongn. & Gris, 1862 (Cunoniaceae) against Pancheria (Sphalm. "Panchezia") Montr., 1860 (Rubiaceae)." Taxon 37, no. 4 (November 1988): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222123.

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Robertson, Michael. "Genoways, Ted, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet during the Lost Years of 1860-1862 [review]." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13008/2153-3695.1933.

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Kammer, Thomas W., and William I. Ausich. "Primitive cladid crinoids from upper Osagean-lower Meramecian (Mississippian) rocks of east-central United States." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 5 (September 1996): 835–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023878.

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Species of the late Osagean and early Meramecian primitive cladid crinoid generaAtelestocrinus, Barycrinus, Cestocrinus, Costalocrinus, Cyathocrinites, Meniscocrinusn. gen.,Parisocrinus, Pellecrinus, andSaccosomopsisfrom Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee are reviewed, redescribed, and redefined from study of type material, museum collections, and field collections. Nomenclatural and systematic acts include the following: 1)Barycrinus spurius(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofCyathocrinus tumidusHall, 1858,C. protuberansHall, 1858, andB. mammatusMeek and Worthen, 1873; 2)B. rhombiferus(Owen and Shumard, 1852a) is a senior synonym ofC. sculptilisHall, 1860,C. thomaeHall, 1860,C. hoveyiHall, 1861a,C. wachsmuthiMeek and Worthen, 1861,B. herculeusMeek and Worthen, 1868,B. pentagonusMeek and Worthen, 1873,B. striatusWorthen, 1875,B. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,B. formosusMiller and Gurley, 1894,B. washingtonensisMiller and Gurley, 1895, andB. elrodiMiller and Gurley, 1896a; 3)B. magister(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. solidusHall, 1861a andB. magnificusMeek and Worthen, 1868; 4)B. stellatus(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. bullatusHall, 1858,C. angulatusMeek and Worthen, 1860,C. quinquelobusMeek and Worthen, 1865, andB. astericusVan Sant, 1964; 5)B. crassibrachiatus(Hall, 1860) is a senior synonym ofB. princepsMiller and Gurley, 1890a; 6)B. geometricusMeek and Worthen, 1873, is considered a nomen dubium; 7)B. benedicti(Miller, 1891a) is considered a nomen dubium; 8)Cyathocrinus signatusMiller and Gurley, 1894, is assigned toCestocrinusand is a senior synonym ofCestocrinus striatusKirk, 1940; 9)Cyathocrinites iowensis(Owen and Shumard, 1850) is a senior synonym ofC. malvaceusHall, 1858,C. divaricatusHall, 1858,C. rotundatusHall, 1858,C. viminalisHall, 1861a,C. parvibrachiatusHall, 1861a,C. hamiltonensisWorthen, 1882,C. nodosusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. brevisacculusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. opimusMiller and Gurley, 1890a, andC. gurleyiMiller, 1891a; 10)C. kelloggi(White, 1862) is a senior synonym ofC. subtumidusMeek and Worthen, 1865; 11)C. farleyi(Meek and Worthen, 1866b) is a senior synonym ofC. andersoniMiller and Gurley, 1894,C. granulosusRowley, 1902, andC. snivelyiRowley, 1902; 12)C. harrodi(Wachsmuth and Springer, 1880) is a senior synonym ofC. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,C. gorbyiMiller, 1892b, andC. astralusKammer, 1984; 13)Meniscocrinusn. gen. is described andM. magnitubusn. sp. is assigned to this new genus; 14)C. labyrinthicusMiller, 1891a, is assigned toParisocrinus; 15)C. intermediusHall, 1858, is assigned toPellecrinus; and 16)C. insperatusLyon, 1869, is assigned toSaccosomopsisand is a senior synonym ofC.?poteriumMeek and Worthen, 1870.

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Golovko, V. M. "Émancipée Krzhechinskaya and Eudoxie Kukshina. A. Pleshcheev’s Vocation [Prizvanie] and I. Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons [Otsy i deti]." Voprosy literatury, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2019-4-211-230.

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The article considers the female type of an émancipée as a marker of artistic historism in A. Pleshcheev’s socially oriented story Vocation [Prizvanie] (1860) and I. Turgenev’s multiple-level novel Fathers and Sons [Otsy i deti] (1862). The author shows the typological and individual interpretations of female emancipation by the two peers. The article reveals how the progressive aspirations of ‘the young intelligentsia’, ‘the people of the 1860s’, are debased by incidental rituals and cultural staging, as epitomized in the émancipée characters of Krzhechinskaya and Kukshina. The author argues that both works approach the ‘women’s problem’ as a relevant issue in the social and cultural context of the 1860s, and analyze manifestations of mock progressiveness in the form of alternative cultural models of behavior, very typical of the collective practices among ‘imitators’ of ‘the new social forces’. Pleshcheev and Turgenev contrast genuinely new cultural modes of behaviour with ostentatious and mocking ‘cultural staging’.

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AL-KANDARI, MANAL, ARTHUR ANKER, SUMAIAH HUSSAIN, ZAINAB SATTARI, and SAMMY DE GRAVE. "New records of decapod crustaceans from Kuwait (Malacostraca: Decapoda)." Zootaxa 4803, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.2.

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Seventeen species of shrimp-like decapod crustaceans (infraorders Caridea, Axiidea and Gebiidea) and two species of porcelain crabs (infraorder Anomura) are recorded for the first time from Kuwait, some of them also representing new records for the Arabian Gulf. The new records from Kuwait are: (1) Alpheus edamensis De Man, 1888; (2) Alpheus edwardsii (Audouin, 1826); (3) Alpheus macrodactylus Ortmann, 1890; (4) Alpheus maindroni Coutière, 1898; (5) Arete indicus Coutière, 1903; (6) Athanas parvus De Man, 1910; (7) Synalpheus gracilirostris De Man, 1910 [all Alpheidae]; (8) Latreutes mucronatus (Stimpson, 1860) [Hippolytidae]; (9) Thor paschalis (Heller, 1862) [Thoridae] (10) Periclimenella pettithouarsii (Audouin, 1826); (11) Anchistus custos (Forskål, 1775); (12) Urocaridella pulchella Yokes & Galil, 2006 [all Palaemonidae]; (13) Chlorocurtis jactans (Nobili, 1904) [Chlorotocellidae]; (14) Upogebia carinicauda (Stimpson, 1860); (15) Upogebia octoceras Nobili, 1904 [Upogebiidae]; (16) Balsscallichirus masoomi (Tirmizi, 1970), (17) Michaelcallianassa indica Sakai, 2002 [Callianassidae]; (18) Raphidopus persicus Ng, Safaie & Naser, 2012 and Polyonyx obesulus Miers, 1884 [Porcellanidae]. Most of these taxa have been previously recorded from other parts of the Arabian Gulf, mainly from the coasts of Iran and the United Arab Emirates, except for A. maindroni and U. pulchella, which are recorded from the Arabian Gulf for the first time. Most species are shown in colour photographs, some for the first time. In addition, the presence of Synalpheus quinquedens Tattersall, 1921 (Alpheidae), previously known from Kuwait based only on a questionable record in a popular field guide, is confirmed based on a single collected and preserved specimen.

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Caldara, Roberto, Carlo Pesarini, Enzo Colonnelli, and Cosimo Baviera. "V Contributo alla revisione della collezione coleotterologica Francesco Vitale: Coleoptera Curculionoidea (Prima parte)." Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 89, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/memoriesei.2010.229.

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Sono riportati i dati relativi a una prima parte di Curculionoidea di Sicilia conservati nella collezione di Francesco Vitale. Vengono prese in esame le specie di Brachyceridae, Curculionidae (Bagoinae, Baridinae, Ceutorhynchinae, Conoderinae, Cossoninae, Curculioninae, Cyclominae, Lixinae, Molytinae, Phytonominae), Dryophthoridae ed Erirhinidae. Sono stabilite le seguenti nuove sinonimie: Sphenophorus parumpunctatus (Gyllenhal, 1837) = Sphenophorus eliconensis Vitale, 1906 (n. syn.); Tychius consputus Kiesenwetter, 1864 = Tychius fanalesi Ragusa, 1908 (n. syn.). E’ designato il lectotypus di Sphenophorus eliconensis Vitale, 1906, mentre Mecinus haemorrhoidalis (H. Brisout, 1862) viene considerato specie distinta e non varietà di M. variabilis (Rosenhauer 1856). Cinque specie risultano nuove per l’Italia: Bagous septemcostatus Chevrolat, 1860; Melanobaris atramentaria (Boheman, 1836); Rhinusa verbasci (Rosenschoeld, 1838); Rhinusa algirica (H. Brisout, 1862); Tychius (Tychius) ochraceus Tournier, 1874. Otto specie risultano nuove per la Sicilia: Bagous glabrirostris (Herbst, 1795); Bagous lutulentus (Gyllenhal, 1813); Bagous robustus H. Brisout, 1863; Coeliodes rana (Fabricius, 1787); Mesites cunipes (Boheman, 1837); Tanysphyrus lemnae (Paykull, 1792); Tychius (Tychius) funicularis C. Brisout, 1862; Tychius (Tychius) trivialis Boheman, 1843. Le seguenti specie sono confermate per la Sicilia: Bagous petro (Herbst, 1795); Hypera (Dapalinus) contaminata (Herbst, 1795); Labiaticola joffrei (Hustache, 1926); Mecinus heydenii Wencker, 1866; Mecinus pirazzolii (Stierlin 1867).

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BLAND, KEITH P. "Name-bearing Types of Lepidoptera (Insecta), excluding Rhopalocera, in the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh." Zootaxa 2394, no. 1 (March 9, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2394.1.1.

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This article documents the primary (49 species) and secondary (19 species) type material of moths (Lepidoptera: Insecta) present in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. Only the primary types (i.e., holotypes and syntypes) are detailed in full and, under their respective authors, these are: K.P.Bland Crypsithyris FALCOVALVA; J.Clayton Beggeria BICORNIS, Phazaca NAKULA, Palpita SPINOSA, Palpita VITIENSIS; G.F.Hampson (1860–1936) Tarache FASCIALIS, Eustrotia OZARBICA; W.J.Kaye (1875–1967) Hydrias ALBIOCHREA, Hypena BRODESCENS, Pococera BRUNNAPEX, Rifargia BRUNNIPENNIS, Lamontia CALIBANA, Plusiodonta CUPRISTRIA, Samea DELICATA, Syngria DELICATA, Mydropastea DISPARATA, Phostria DUPLICATA, Lephana EXCISATA, Sisyrosea GUAICA, Sanys IMPLACATA, Eucalypetra INSUETALIS, Phastia MARICOLOR, Epitomiptera MARMORATA, Parangitia MICAPENNIS, Bryolimnia MONODONTA, Hyalosticta NAPARIMALIS, Sylepta [sic] NIGRALIS, Parangitia NIGROFULGENS, Dicentria NONDESCRIPTA, Metalectra PIPERATA, Sylepta [sic] SEMINIGRALIS, Claphe SIMILAVIS, Redara [sic] TINCTURALIS, Acrolophus TRETUS; J.H.Leech (1862–1900) Percnia FUMIDARIA, Percnia GRISEARIA, Mastigophorus OCHREISTIGMA; F.Moore (1830–1907) Polythlipta DIVARICATA, Artona QUADRIMACULATA; E.C.Pelham-Clinton (1920–1988) Parornix LEUCOSTOLA, Bucculatrix MEREI; D.Povolńy Scrobipalpa CLINTONI; A.R.Richardson (1904–1981) Cleora cinctaria BOWESI, Eumichtis lichenea SCILLONEA, Anaitis plagiata SCOTICA, Chesias rufata SCOTICA; E.P.Wiltshire (1910–2004) Teracotona MURTAFAA, Eublemma MUSCATENSIS, Scopula caesaria WALKEROS.

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Blanco, J., A. Costa, M. Gimenez, and I. Conget. "Comment on: McDonald et al. High-Sensitivity CRP Discriminates HNF1A-MODY From Other Subtypes of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1860-1862." Diabetes Care 34, no. 12 (November 21, 2011): e186-e186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1654.

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Kolb, Katherine. "Flying Leaves: Between Berlioz and Wagner." 19th-Century Music 33, no. 1 (2009): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2009.33.1.025.

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Abstract This article analyzes the writings of Berlioz on Wagner and, to a lesser extent, of Wagner on Berlioz, emphasizing the covert innuendoes of their verbal sparring during the period surrounding the Tannhääuser debacle at the Paris Opééra (1860) and Berlioz's tribulations with Les Troyens (ca. 1853––63). Because Berlioz's style and subtlety have worked against him in this famous rivalry, the priority goes to him, and especially to his magnum opus as critic, the volume A travers chants (1862). A selection from thirty years of music criticism both serious and light ("flying leaves"), A travers chants reveals itself as an unconventional counterpart to Wagner's treatises; as a tactical response to Wagner, both in the reprinted review of his 1860 concerts and in the structure, themes, and allusions of the text as a whole; as an object lesson in reading Berlioz, whose engaging clarity and humor can be more deceptive, in their ironic undertones, than the thickets of Wagner's famously tangled prose. This article interrogates some of that prose, revealing Wagner's deep ambivalence toward a predecessor of intimidating prestige to whom his music is frequently indebted——as Berlioz occasionally finds coded ways of reminding him. It shows Berlioz, for his part, continually sympathetic to the younger man's practical difficulties and high artistic ideals. And it shows him eventually coming to acknowledge the power and legitimacy of his music, despite strong aversion to Wagner's harmonic idiom and to the two cardinal points of his aesthetic: an "impious" insistence on the primacy of the word; belief in a musical progress culminating in his own Gesamtkunstwerk. In a late letter wrongly omitted from the Correspondance géénéérale (its authenticity and correct date are here established), Berlioz movingly implies the injustice of his earlier prejudice toward a practice sanctioned by his own unshakeable creed of artistic freedom.

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Komlós, Katalin. "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach through the glasses of Hans von Bülow." Studia Musicologica 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.54.2013.3.2.

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Two separate publications of C. P. E. Bach’s keyboard works appeared during the 19th century in the edition of Hans von Bülow: Sechs Sonaten (Leipzig, Peters, 1862), and the ‘Concertvortrag’ version of a rondo movement in the Anthologie Classique (Berlin, Schlesinger, 1860). Both editions alter the original text heavily, by dressing it up in the raiment of the flamboyant and virtuosic style of their own time. The long Preface to the Sechs Sonaten, in which Bülow explains the necessity of a ‘revision’, but, at the same time, betrays his uneasiness about his procedures, is an extremely important document of the historical/artistic thinking of Bülow’s generation.Bülow’s revisions are examined in the following aspects of the music: enrichment of the keyboard texture; change of harmony; obliteration of the fantasia character; performance indications and tempo changes; abolishment of the aposiopesis. Differences between the original and the revised text are illustrated with several musical examples.Although Bülow was a true son of the nineteenth century, his attitude to textual fidelity was stricter than that of his colleagues. His troubled conscience about the revision of the C. P. E. Bach sonatas shows a fundamentally ethical principle, independent from the artistic disposition of his age.

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Lofton, Kathryn E. "The Preacher Paradigm: Promotional Biographies and the Modern-Made Evangelist." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 16, no. 1 (2006): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.95.

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AbstractBetween 1886 and 1931, Christian publishing houses in the United States offered an unprecedented biographical profile of the contemporary American evangelist as an unambiguously modern figure. Sold at tabernacle tents, Christian bookshops, and church fund-raisers, these texts simultaneously document concerns with the modern landscape as they regale readers with the styles and stories of headlining American Protestants, including Dwight Moody (1837–1899), Sam Jones (1847–1906), Reuben Archer Torrey (1856–1928), J. Wilbur Chapman (1859–1918), Rodney “Gipsy” Smith (1860–1947), Billy Sunday (1862–1935), and Baxter “Cyclone Mac” McClendon (1879–1935). Although it is not difficult to discern distinguishing marks and regional inflections within the anecdotal particularities of these men, the overarching structure and themes of their chronologies is consistent. The purpose of this essay is to produce the beginning of a collective biography of the turn-of-the-century preacher, highlighting the persistent paradigm represented in the promotional products of these preachers. Whereas previous historians have described these men as antiquated proponents of an “old time” religion, this article argues that their narratives reveal a strikingly modern man, poised in an engaged and contradictory conflict with his contemporary moment.

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Foucaud, Odile. "La restauration de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse de 1860 à 1862 : 29 nouveaux documents iconographiques, signés de Viollet-le-Duc et Esquié." Bulletin Monumental 147, no. 4 (1989): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bulmo.1989.4778.

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Tinjod, Nathalie. "Remaniements de frontières et options de nationalité : étude comparative des cas de la Savoie (1860) et de la vallée des Dappes (1862)." Le Globe. Revue genevoise de géographie 137, no. 1 (1997): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/globe.1997.1372.

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Berland, A. J., S. E. Metcalfe, and G. H. Endfield. "Documentary-derived chronologies of rainfall variability in Antigua, Lesser Antilles, 1770–1890." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 1535–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1535-2013.

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Abstract. This paper presents the first extensive reconstruction of precipitation variability in the Lesser Antilles using historical documentary sources. Over 13 250 items of documentation pertaining to Antigua from the period 1769–1890 were consulted, including missionary, plantation and governmental papers as well as contemporary scholarly publications. Based on the predominant meteorological conditions observed throughout the island, each "rain-year" (December–November) was assigned one of five classifications (very wet, wet, "normal", dry and very dry). Local weather references relating to seven plantations in central-eastern Antigua were grouped according to dry (December–April) and wet seasons (May–November), each of which were also categorised in the aforementioned manner. Results comprise individual island-wide and central-eastern Antiguan chronologies of relative precipitation levels, spanning the rain-years 1769–1770 to 1889–1890 and 1769–1770 to 1853–1854 respectively. The former is compared with available instrumental data for 1870–1890. Significant dry phases are identified in the rain-years 1775–1780, 1788–1791, 1820–1822, 1834–1837, 1844–1845, 1859–1860, 1862–1864, 1870–1874 and 1881–1882, while wet episodes were 1771–1774, 1833–1834, 1837–1838, 1841–1844, 1845–1846 and 1878–1881. Evidence for major wet and dry spells is presented and findings evaluated within wider historical and palaeoclimatic contexts.

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GOMEZ-BERNING, MARIA, FRANK KÖHLER, and MATTHIAS GLAUBRECHT. "CATALOGUE OF THE NOMINAL TAXA OF MESOAMERICAN PACHYCHILIDAE (MOLLUSCA: CAENOGASTROPODA)." Zootaxa 3381, no. 1 (July 6, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3381.1.1.

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The caenogastropod family Pachychilidae Troschel, 1858 is a monophyletic group of freshwater snails that is distributedin the tropical regions of the world, where they exhibit high levels of endemism at the species and generic levels. Thereare many uncertainties regarding generic affiliation and species names in the Mesoamerican Pachychilidae owing to theirrelatively variable shells, the lack of distinctive anatomical features and the intricate taxonomic histories. In an attempt toconsolidate the knowledge of this taxon in the Neotropics, we provide here a catalogue of all available names of theMesoamerican pachychilid fauna, laying the foundation for future taxonomic revisions. Primary types were located for 56species-group taxa, and lectotypes for 22 nomina were designated. 102 nominal taxa of Mesoamerican pachychilids wereoriginally described. We consider that six of these taxa belong to other cerithioidean families. Two nomina are consideredto be unnecessary replacement names (Melania renovata Brot, 1862; Pachychilus tristrami Crosse & Fischer, 1892). Twotaxa are South American species that were incorrectly associated with Mesoamerican taxa (Pachychilus laevissimus sensuReeve, 1860; Melania laevissima var. decollata Brot, 1875). The exact type locality of Pachycheilus dalli Pilsbry, 1896and Melania mexicana were identified, and we accept Pachychilus hinkleyi (Marshall, 1920) as replacement name of the invalid Sphaeromelania hinkleyi Marshall, 1920.

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ΣΤΑΜΑΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ. "Η ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΩΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ. ΑΝΑΠΑΡΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ TOΥ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΟΥ ΜΙΛΛΕΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΜΟΝΤΕΛΟ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΟΝΑΡΧΙΑΣ (δεύτερο μισό 19ου αι.)." Μνήμων 23 (January 1, 2001): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mnimon.711.

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Dimitrios Stamatopoulos, The Church as State: representations of the Orthodoxmillet and the model of constitutional monarchy (second half of thenineteenth century)The institutionalised introduction of secular elements into the administrationof the Patriarchate of Constantinople after the ratification ofthe General Regulations (1860-1862) created the conditions for the emergenceof a discourse aimed at the internal reorganization of ecclesiasticalinstitutions based on the state model. This model was adopted not onlyby reform-minded circles but also by representatives of the clericalistwing, each with completely different political aims. The model of constitutionalmonarchy appeared as the most «functional» for solving thecentral political problem posed by the clericalist wing in the discussion:how could a regime of patriarchal centralization be applied without confutingthe essence of reform. This model of constitutionality prevailednot only because the reformers preferred it as an alternative version ofrestructuring the millet but because the clericalists espoused and promotedit in the form of a state model: that of the constitutional monarchy.And their aim was not only to prevent the domination of thelay element but also to avoid the formation of a public sphere, whichin any case in Eastern and Southeastern Europe was inherent in theemergence of a discourse on nation and nationalism.

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McDonald, T. J., K. R. Owen, A. L. Gloyn, and A. T. Hattersley. "Response to Comment on: McDonald et al. High-Sensitivity CRP Discriminates HNF1A-MODY From Other Subtypes of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1860-1862." Diabetes Care 34, no. 12 (November 21, 2011): e187-e187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1766.

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Pokhodzilo, Yurii. "Development of budget law during the budget and legal reform in the Russian empire in 1860–1890." Law and innovative society, no. 2 (15) (January 4, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2309-9275-2020-2(15)-8.

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Problem setting. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of budget law in the Russian Empire in the context of budgetary and legal reform in the period from 1860 to 1890. It has significant historical and legal significance, as today it remains the focus of many researchers who study various aspects of contemporary life from a historical, legal, political and even political point of view. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the development of budget law in the Russian Empire in the conditions of budgetary and legal reform in the period from 1860 to 1890. Article’s main body. It is emphasized that Ukraine is currently facing a new challenge for further modernization of the financial system, so the analysis and experience of financial system reform carried out in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX century is very relevant. In the process of studying the legal regulation of budgetary relations in the Russian Empire, the results of the reform developed four principles to be met by the budget: (a) unity of the budget, (b) completeness of the budget, (c) reality (truthfulness) of the budget, (d) publicity of the budget. The content of the budget reform of 1862 is most clearly revealed through the analysis of the legal consolidation of these principles. The unity of the budget consists both in a unified procedure for drawing up the budget and in a single budget document. In fact, it is a question of existence of one budget in which all incomes and expenses of the state are reflected. Conclusions. It is noted that as a result of the reform of legal regulation of budgetary relations in the state there is such a branch of law as budget law, a set of laws that determine the procedure for drawing up, reviewing, approving and implementing the budget. In addition, the procedure for drawing up, reviewing and approving the budget, the range of authorized persons involved in each of these stages is determined. Keywords: budget law, budget reform, development of budget law, Russian Empire.

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Tazudeen, Rasheed. "IMMANENT METAPHOR, BRANCHING FORM(S), AND THE UNMAKING OF THE HUMAN IN ALICE AND THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 3 (May 29, 2015): 533–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150315000066.

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Forms are plastic, names cannot determine the essence of living things, and ceaselessly changing organisms cannot be conceived as elements within a signifying system. Each of these precepts of evolutionary theory finds itself reflected in Lewis Carroll's Alice books: Alice grows bigger and smaller without relation to any notion of a normal or standard size, fantastic organisms such as the “bread-and-butterfly” are generated out of metaphors and puns on taxonomic names, and the Queen's croquet game cannot function properly because the animals do not fulfill their prescribed roles. Lewis Carroll familiarized himself thoroughly with Darwinian theory in the years leading up to his composition of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871). He “read widely on the subject of evolution” (Woolf 191), possessing “nineteen books on Darwin, his theories and his critics” (Smith 8), as well as five works of social evolutionist Herbert Spencer, including First Principles (1862), which put Darwinian theory in dialogue with religious understandings of the world (Cohen 350; Stern 17). As a lecturer in mathematics at Christchurch Oxford from 1855 to 1881, he was present during the famous 1860 debate at Oxford University Museum between Thomas Henry Huxley, one of the main proponents of evolutionary theory in the late nineteenth century, and Bishop of Oxford William Wilberforce, one of its major critics.

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Ehrhardt, John D., Don K. Nakayama, and J. Patrick O'Leary. "Carbolic Acid before Joseph Lister: Rail Ties, Sewage, Manure, and the Great Stink." American Surgeon 86, no. 3 (March 2020): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313482008600324.

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Before Joseph Lister's landmark Lancet publications on the use of carbolic acid wound dressings in 1867, surgeons Jules Lemaire in France and Enrico Bottini in Italy had already used carbolic acid on hundreds of patients to control suppurative wounds. After Friedlieb Runge isolated it from coal tar in 1834, a number of scientists recognized the efficacy of carbolic acid in preventing decay and neutralizing the stench of dead animals and human cadavers. Frederick Calvert, Alexander McDougall, and Angus Smith in Manchester promoted a powdered form of carbolic acid as a deodorizing agent to treat municipal sewage across the United Kingdom, most notably during London's famous “Great Stink” of 1858. Edmond Corne in France introduced his formulation, which Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau, Ferdinand LeBeuf, and Lemaire adapted for clinical use in 1859. Lemaire wrote extensively on carbolic acid and its surgical application in three publications from 1860 to 1862. In 1866, Bottini published his experience of 600 cases where it was used. In 1865, Lister began to use carbolic acid in open fractures after Thomas Anderson, his colleague in agricultural chemistry at the University of Glasgow, told him about its use in Carlisle sewage works. This article traces the rich history of carbolic acid from an unknown compound in coal to the cornerstone of Listerism in late-19th–century operating rooms.

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Shvetsova, T. V., and V. E. Shakhova. "Chronotope of Russian Works about Robinson." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-287-302.

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The results of the study of the chronotope in Russian-language compositions based on the novel about Robinson’s adventures are presented. The material for the work was A. E. Razin’s novel “The Real Robinson” (1860) and Lev Tolstoy’s story “Robinson” (1862). The issues of the specifics of the representation of the chronotopic in the works of Russian writers are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the appeal to the universal of the chronotope, which contains an exhaustive toolkit for the artistic embodiment of images of space and time; as well as the search for new methods of literary analysis of the text. It is shown that in the analyzed texts, a kind of fusion of Russianlanguage compositions with a foreigncultural text in the aspect of a chronotope is realized. The similarities and differences in the rethinking of the story of Robinson are shown on the example of the model of textual connexity, the national specifics of the representation of the image of Robinson are indicated. It is noted that the external and internal chronotopes are retransmitted from work to work and create the basis for the emergence of the author’s intentions. It is proved that chronotopic analysis allows one to form an idea of the peculiarities of the Russian-language interpretation of the story of Robinson.

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Franson, Melissa. "Wide Awakes, Half Asleeps, Little Giants, and Bell Ringers: Political Partisanship in the Catskills of New York during the Elections of 1860 and 1862." New York History 102, no. 1 (2021): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nyh.2021.0003.

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(Vasnev), Theodosius. "Preparations for a transformations in the Tambov Seminary: charter of 1867 (historical aspects)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 182 (2019): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-182-225-231.

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Since the second half of the 19th century, a new committee was created to prepare for the transformation of the spiritual and educational institutions. The new committee in the devel-opment of the charter took into account the suggestions of the special Committee for the prepara-tion of the «Draft charter of 1862». The new charter includes the definition of an educational institution and the evaluation of the education it provides: general, special. The disciplines and the number of hours, the coherence of subjects with theological lessons were determined. A problem-atic issue of the Tambov Seminary at that time was a large number of state-serving students and the constant growth of eparchial funds for the maintenance of the seminary, the decision of which was taken up by the newly created temporary committee for improving the life of the seminary. The year 1860 in the Tambov Seminary became transitional, from which gradual preparation began for changes in the teaching and educational processes of the seminary, including the search for additional funds for household needs, the introduction of new and the abolition of certain subjects, as well as the development of programs in those subjects that remained in a seminar course. The participation of the Seminary pedagogy corporation in the preparation of the new charter inspired teachers and contributed to the fact that already in the first half of the 1860s they aimed to update many aspects of the life of the Tambov Seminary.

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Kopecký, Jiří, and Lenka Křupková. "The “Slavic spirit” and the opera scene in Olomouc, 1830–1920." Studia Musicologica 58, no. 3-4 (December 2017): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/6.2017.58.3-4.4.

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In 1830, a new theater building was opened in the Olomouc Upper square. The stable theatrical life enriched enormously the cultural life of the city and encouraged the development of publishing activities in the field of music journalism and publishing. The public debates on the artistic value of theater performances, on abilities of particular artists and on other subjects gained new quality after the 1860 October diploma because Czechs living in and around the traditional German town put pressure on theater directors and demanded Czech plays on the stage. The fights for the national repertoire on the stage of the Olomouc Provincial Theater are demonstrated in this essay in two contrary ways: at first, the introduction of Czech dramas into the German scene during the 1860s is discussed, then the intensive promotion of German operas during the 1880s and 1890s when internationally played Slavonic operas were performed in all theaters. The director Carl König (1862–1868) offered a contract to many artists who were able to speak both German and Czech, so he could open an independent subscription for the Czech public. The relatively tolerant atmosphere allowed König’s company to give performances in both languages and connect the Olomouc theatrical life to the Prague Provisional Theater. However, Czech nationalism was getting stronger during the 1870s and provoked competitive and unfriendly reactions on German side. The arguments for refusal of Smetana’s and Tchaikovsky’s operas by the directors of the Olomouc theaters are discussed on the basis of archival sources as well as articles published in contemporary periodicals.

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Kolchanov, Vladimir V. "On the origins of the crowd scenes in the novel “The Master and Margarita” by Mikhail Bulgakov." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-2-137-142.

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The article deals with the roots of the crowd scenes in “The Master and Margarita” by Mikhail Bulgakov, focusing on such motifs of the novel as death's head hawkmoth and theatrical motifs. The origins of the crowd scenes in Mikhail Bulgakov’s literary work are all connected with the mentioned three motifs. The researcher uses information from the little-known literary, historical, and cultural sources. These include, firstly, the occult works of the Fin de siècle writers, such as novels “The Gloomy House Mystery” and “The New Power” written by the “Criminal Novel Master” Aleksandr Tsehanovich (1862-1896); the play “The Fair God” by David Aizman (who has been justly called “Chekhov of the Jews”) (1860-1922); the story “The Succubus” written by the Belgian writer Antoine Louis Camille Lemonnier. “A House in a Delirium” by a German prose writer W.Hollander. Second, these include literary work by a Soviet writer: story “The Condemned” by Mikhail Kozakov. Third, an important role belongs to sketches from the “The Red Panorama” journal: “The Footsteps Leading Westward” by Jānis Larri, “Travelling from Resort to Resort: Yalta” by D. Gorodinskiy. The plots and details of the named works had a great influence on Mikhail Bulgakov and inspired him while writing such chapters of the novel as “Never Talk with Strangers”, “The Seventh Proof”, “The Chase”, “Praise Be to the Rooster”, “News from Yalta”, “Black Magic and Its Exposure”, “Nikanor Ivanovich’s Dream”, “The Great Ball at Satan's” and some fragments of the auxiliary plot connected with the figure of Pontius Pilate.

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Meltzner, Aron J., and David J. Wald. "Foreshocks and aftershocks of the great 1857 California earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 1109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890041109.

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Abstract The San Andreas fault is the longest fault in California and one of the longest strike-slip faults anywhere in the world, yet we know little about many aspects of its behavior before, during, and after large earthquakes. We conducted a study to locate and to estimate magnitudes for the largest foreshocks and aftershocks of the 1857 M 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake on the central and southern segments of the fault. We began by searching archived first-hand accounts from 1857 through 1862, by grouping felt reports temporally, and by assigning modified Mercalli intensities to each site. We then used a modified form of the grid-search algorithm of Bakun and Wentworth, derived from empirical analysis of modern earthquakes, to find the location and magnitude most consistent with the assigned intensities for each of the largest events. The result confirms a conclusion of Sieh that at least two foreshocks (“dawn” and “sunrise”) located on or near the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault preceded the mainshock. We estimate their magnitudes to be M ≈ 6.1 and M ≈ 5.6, respectively. The aftershock rate was below average but within one standard deviation of the number of aftershocks expected based on statistics of modern southern California mainshock-aftershock sequences. The aftershocks included two significant events during the first eight days of the sequence, with magnitudes M ≈ 6.25 and M ≈ 6.7, near the southern half of the rupture; later aftershocks included a M ≈ 6 event near San Bernardino in December 1858 and a M ≈ 6.3 event near the Parkfield segment in April 1860. From earthquake logs at Fort Tejon, we conclude that the aftershock sequence lasted a minimum of 3.75 years.

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Rohmana, Jajang A. "A Sundanese Story of Hajj in the Colonial Period: Haji Hasan Mustapa’s Dangding on the Pilgrimage to Mecca." Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 4, no. 2 (January 18, 2016): 273–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/hn.v4i2.88.

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The paper discusses a Sundanese story of hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca during the Dutch colonial period. It was expressed in the form of Sundanese metrical verse which was called dangding or guguritan. The author of the dangding was Haji Hasan Mustapa (1852-1930). He is one greatest Sundanese poets as he wrote more than 10 thousand cantos on Sufism from 1900-1902. He went to Mecca three times (1860-1862, 1869-1873, 1880-1885). One of his hajj stories was Kinanti Munggah Haji. Mustapa told about the hajj journey route, his experiences of suffering, and he also provided an interpretation of inner meaning of hajj according to the Sufi perspective. The paper uses an intertextual approach with an analysis of social history and Sufism. It shows that hajj in the colonial period was very difficult. In addition to the storm in the sea, the pilgrims found other difficulties in the Holy Land. However, Mustapa assumed that the meaning of hajj was not only the hajj ritual physically but also the inner-side of feeling (alaming rasa). Hajj will led to the true happiness. Beware if your hajj is just a physical matter. It can be nothing. The paper tries to confirm both van Dijk and Chambert-Loir’s works on other Sundanese stories of hajj such as Raden Panji Nagara, Moehammad-Hoesen, and R.A.A. Wiranatakoesoema. Mustapa’s interpretation of the mystical meaning of hajj shows his peculiarities as a sufi. His willingness to endure some difficulties in the journey is not just associated with his internal feeling in the sense of spiritual life, but also his satisfication to join in what Habermas called as a "public space" where Muslims could create a community without being constrained by Colonial rule.

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Aoyama, Reijiro. "Writing-Mediated Interaction Face-to-Face: Sinitic Brushtalk in the Japanese Missions’ Transnational Encounters with Foreigners During the Mid-Nineteenth Century." China and Asia 2, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 234–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-02020003.

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Abstract Drawing on Chinese-Japanese transnational and transcultural interaction in the mid-nineteenth century, this article illustrates how Sinitic brushtalk functioned as an effective modality of communication between Chinese and Japanese literati who did not have a shared spoken language. The illustrations are adapted from personal diary-like travelogues of Japanese travelers to Shanghai on board the Senzaimaru in 1862 and participants in the Japanese mission to the United States in 1860. The recollection of the brushtalkers with their Chinese interlocutors whom they met on the way, including those during their return journey from the US while calling at trading ports like Batavia and Hong Kong, provides elaborate details on how writing-mediated improvisation using brush, ink, and paper allowed Japanese travelers with literacy in Sinitic to engage in “silent conversation” with their literate Chinese counterparts. A third historical context where Sinitic brushtalk was put to meaningful use was US–Japanese negotiations during Commodore Perry’s naval expedition to Edo Bay in 1854, where Luo Sen, bilingual in Chinese (spoken Cantonese) and English, was hired to perform the role of secretary. Throughout the negotiations, Luo was able to perform his duties admirably in part by impressing the Japanese side with his fine brushtalk improvisations. While misunderstanding and miscommunication could not be entirely avoided, the article concludes that until the early 1900s writing-mediated interaction through Sinitic brushtalk in face-to-face encounters functioned adequately and effectively as a scripta franca between literate Japanese and their Chinese “silent conversation” partners both within and beyond Sinographic East Asia. Such a unique modality of communication remained vibrant until the advent of nationalism and the vernacularization of East Asian national languages at the turn of the century.

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Fuller, Howard J. "The Milne Papers: The papers of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, Bt., K.C.B. (1806–1896), vol. II, The Royal Navy and the Outbreak of the American Civil War, 1860-1862." Mariner's Mirror 102, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2016.1196006.

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Allingham, Philip V. "The Illustrations for Great Expectations in Harper's Weekly (1860–61) and in the Illustrated Library Edition (1862)—“Reading by the Light of Illustration” Philip V. Allingham." Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 113–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7756/dsa.040.007.113-169.

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Journal articles on the topic '1860-1862'

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