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1
Boll, R., and R. Kayser. "Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0088.
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The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.
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Dinterman, Robert, Ani L. Katchova, and James Michael Harris. "Financial stress and farm bankruptcies in US agriculture." Agricultural Finance Review 78, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2017-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate farm financial stress within the USA over the past 20 years and the agricultural and economic factors which have impacted farm businesses. The effect of the 2005 Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) on farm financial stress is further evaluated. In particular, Chapter 12 bankruptcies – which can only be filed by farmers – were only a temporary measure until BAPCPA made Chapter 12 a permanent fixture in bankruptcy law. Design/methodology/approach Chapter 12 bankruptcy filings from 1997 until 2016 are used as a proxy for farm financial stress. Panel fixed effects models are used to determine relevant factors affecting financial stress for farmers from agricultural and macroeconomic perspectives. Further, models incorporating pre- and post-BAPCPA regimes are utilized. Findings The results show that macroeconomic factors (interest and unemployment rates) are strong predictors of farm bankruptcies for farms while agricultural land values are the only consistent strong predictor among the agricultural factors. When evaluating the post-BAPCPA regime, only agricultural land values continue to be a significant predictor of farm bankruptcies. The findings also indicate a dynamic relationship with agricultural land values, where current year values are negatively related but previous year land values are positively related to bankruptcies. Originality/value The authors provide an analysis of the post-BAPCPA regime on farm bankruptcies that has not been evaluated within the literature yet. Further, the findings illuminate discussion on a potentially dynamic relationship with financial stress and agricultural land values.
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Yan, Jiao, Chunlai Chen, and Biliang Hu. "Farm size and production efficiency in Chinese agriculture: output and profit." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2018-0082.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between farm size and agricultural production efficiency from the aspects of output and profit in order to find an optimal farm size that achieves both output and profit efficiency in agricultural production in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the 2012 China Family Panel Studies survey data and employs the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) models to investigate empirically the relationship between farm size and agricultural production efficiency.FindingsThe study finds that there is an inverted-U curve relationship between farm size and output efficiency and a U-shaped curve relationship between farm size and profit efficiency in agricultural production in China. Based on the empirical results, the study estimates that the appropriate farm size is around 10–40 mu and the optimal farm size is around 20–40 mu both in terms of output efficiency and profit efficiency in Chinese agricultural production under the current agricultural technology and land management system.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that appropriate land consolidation will bring more benefits to farmer households and agricultural production efficiency. There are some policy implications. First, governments should give long term and more stable land using rights to farmers through extending the period of land contract and verifying land using rights. Second, governments should encourage transfers of land using rights and promote land consolidation. But the implementation of this policy should consider regional differences and not be used for blindly pursuing increasing land size. Third, land consolidation should be accompanied with the development of specialized agricultural services.Originality/valueThe paper makes two major contributions to the literature. First, the authors use the SFA model to investigate the relationship between land size and agricultural production efficiency. Second, the authors establish two SFA models – the stochastic frontier output analysis model and the stochastic frontier profit analysis model – to estimate the optimal land size to achieve both output and profit efficiency of agricultural production in China.
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Hartvigsen, Morten, and Maxim Gorgan. "FAO experiences with land market development and land management instruments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 15, no. 29 (November 24, 2020): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2020.29.85.
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Most countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have farm structures characterized by excessive land fragmentation and small average farm sizes. Well-functioning agricultural land markets are a precondition for agricultural and rural development in general. However, agricultural land markets remain weak and still face many constraints in the region. Land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking in addition to facilitating agricultural development also contribute to land market development. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is providing technical assistance to the member countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia related to development of agricultural land markets and introduction of land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking.
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Vershinin, V. V., V. V. Bugaevskaya, and Zh N. Bakanova. "Using of GIS technologies and geospatial data to optimize the size of land parcels, structure of production and territory organization of farms." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 6 (May 29, 2022): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2206-03.
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In the context of agriculture digitalization, it is necessary to solve complex problems related to the environment, effective management of land resources, organization of land use and their protection. The decisive role in solution is assigned to geoinformation technologies, among which the GIS-based automation of land management design occupies a special place, because land management is a means of creating territorial prerequisites for favorable activities on land of all Russian citizens taking into account equality of personal and state interests. The article considers the GIS technology of in-farm land management used in a farm.
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Alig, Ralph J., Darius M. Adams, and Bruce A. McCarl. "Impacts of Incorporating Land Exchanges Between Forestry and Agriculture in Sector Models." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 30, no. 2 (December 1998): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008373.
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AbstractThe forest and agriculture sectors are linked by having a portion of their land bases suitable for use in either sector. A substantial part of the southern land base is suitable for either forestry or agriculture use, with most of forestation on U.S. agriculture land in the South. We examine how land exchanges between forestry and agriculture are influenced by specific federal conservation and farm support policies, including changes in the Conservation Reserve Program. Reallocation of land is a significant part of the sectors' responses to the policies, along with intensification of timber management on existing southern forests.
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Suxiang, Bai. "RESEARCH TRENDS IN JAPANESE ON CHINESE AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT (FOCUSING ON PERIOD AFTER RURAL REFORM IN 1978)." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i2.1907.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of the Japanese research trend on Chinese family farm management published after the Chinese rural reform in 1978.The whole 152 articles were collected under the keyword of Chinese Agriculture Management through CiNii that is the most reliable academic information database in Japan. Based on article productivity the study extracted the four stage of research development: incubating stage, growing stage, peak stage, and stabilizing mature stage. Research subject categorization unveiled two general research frameworks: macro approach framework and micro approach framework. In the macro framework, farm management is structurally grasped under the relationship with external or environmental conditions surrounding farm management entities. In the micro framework farm management is grasped within internal structural relationship of family based on inputs (land and labor) and output (income). For solving the weakness of Chinese family farm holding a small land, the study extracted two strategic frameworks of integration in farm management: agricultural industrialization and farm cooperative movement. The former is a vertical integration and the latter is a horizontal integration of farm management. Those integrations of farm management require not only macro and micro level research but also mezzo(middle) approach which focuses on the relationships between community or village and farm family. Especially this mezzo approach is important to understand the reality of farm management under the on-going situation in which many farm families depend on both agriculture and non-agriculture jobs. The fact that the dates for publications in China are limited at the macro-level of nation, province and city has created the research tendency towards bipolar differentiation in macro and micro level research. Thus mezzo-level research on towns and villages has become more important.
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Shima, E., I. F. Svoboda, S. Tsutsumi, and H. Ohkubo. "Waste management systems of dairy cattle farms in Japan." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0410.
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Recently, the size of livestock farms in Japan has been expanding and the pollution from farm wastes has become a serious problem in rural areas. Therefore it is necessary to design treatment strategies and improve the recycling of livestock manure for sustainability of agriculture in Japan. The dairy cattle waste management systems were studied at dairy farms in Aomori prefecture and in Hokkaido, Japan. The four farms, typical for the respective regions in Japan, were investigated on the basis of the land and livestock size, housing, overall farm and waste management, type of machinery and a farm labour force. A statistical comparison was made for housing, milking and waste handling systems of dairy farms. One of the waste handling strategies was aerobic slurry treatment and land irrigation of the treated liquid fraction. Such methods began to solve some of waste management problems created since 1967 in grassland farming areas of Hokkaido. The irrigation system supplies water fertiliser and organic material to land as well as shortening the spreading times. It recycles livestock resources, increases the soil fertility and rationalises the farm management.
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Goulding, Keith, Steve Jarvis, and Andy Whitmore. "Optimizing nutrient management for farm systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 25, 2007): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2177.
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Increasing the inputs of nutrients has played a major role in increasing the supply of food to a continually growing world population. However, focusing attention on the most important nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), has in some cases led to nutrient imbalances, some excess applications especially of N, inefficient use and large losses to the environment with impacts on air and water quality, biodiversity and human health. In contrast, food exports from the developing to the developed world are depleting soils of nutrients in some countries. Better management of all essential nutrients is required that delivers sustainable agriculture and maintains the necessary increases in food production while minimizing waste, economic loss and environmental impacts. More extensive production systems typified by ‘organic farming’ may prove to be sustainable. However, for most of the developed world, and in the developing world where an ever-growing population demands more food, it will be essential to increase the efficiency of nutrient use in conventional systems. Nutrient management on farms is under the control of the land manger, the most effective of whom will already use various decision supports for calculating rates of application to achieve various production targets. Increasingly, land managers will need to conform to good practice to achieve production targets and to conform to environmental targets as well.
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Dinarti, Siwi Istiana, Sri Peni Wastutiningsih, Subejo Subejo, and Supriyanto Supriyanto. "KECERDASAN KOLEKTIF PETANI DI LAHAN PERTANIAN PASIR PANTAI KECAMATAN PANJATAN KABUPATEN KULON PROGO." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.18328.
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This study aims to determine the process of collective intelligence of farmers to describe level of collective intelligence of farmers in coastal agriculture area farm management and factors of the collective intelligence of farmers. in coastal agriculture area. The basic method used here was namely analytical descriptive method. The sample was taken with purposive method. Analysis method was done by using chi-square and gamma tests. The results showed that the process as of collective intelligence of coastal agriculture area fanners in Panjatan Sub District were social learning and consensus process. Level of collective intelligence of farmers' on the coastal agriculture area tends to be high. Indicators of collective intelligence that have been done by all of the farmers were land clearing for agriculture, land consolidation, farm road construction, group planning arrangement, auction markets arrangement, and pantek well construction. There were two indicators which haven't been done by farmers i.e. using of plastic mulch a.nd using of power sprayer. The factors affecting collective intelligence are farmer's organization activities, farmer's experience and land size.
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Kareemulla, K., Pandian Krishnan, S. Ravichandran, B. Ganesh Kumar, Sweety Sharma, and Ramachandra Bhatta. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Size and Equity in Ownership Dynamics of Agricultural Landholdings in India Vis-à-Vis the World." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810225.
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The increasing threat to sustainable agriculture is a major concern of planners worldwide. Human population growth together with increasing food requirements and competition for land use is leading to land scarcity for agricultural purposes. Farm size influences the extent of the adoption of mechanization and modern methods of farm management practices, which in turn results in increased productivity, production efficiency and agricultural income. We studied changes in macroeconomic factors such as dependency on agriculture, growth of the sector, the pattern of landholdings and tenure rights across major agriculturally important countries, as well as the priority of agriculture for the national economy (i.e., the share of agriculture in the national income) and its relationship to changes in farm size. The data on the percentage of area under farming, population growth, size of the agricultural workforce and other social dimensions from 24 countries of different geographical sizes were analysed. We used parameters such as the extent of changes in cropland, family-owned land, the agricultural workforce and their productivity, number of holdings and their distribution, women-headed holdings and finally total and per capita agricultural income, and measured the changes over time and space. The published data from national and international sources were used to establish the relationship between farm size and farm efficiency measured through the selected parameters. The results clearly establish that the size of farm holdings had an inverse relationship with the population dependent on agriculture, share of agriculture in national income and tenure rights. Australia had the largest average agricultural landholding (3243 ha), while India and Bangladesh had the lowest (1.3 and 0.3 ha, respectively). The inequality in the distribution of farmland ownership was greater in developed countries than in developing countries. Female farmland ownership was less than 20% in most developing countries and the relationship between the number of farm households and farm outcomes was found to have weakened over time. India, a developing as well as an agriculturally important country, was subjected to detailed analysis to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the size, distribution and ownership patterns of agricultural landholding.
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Liya, Xi, and Pen Yan. "Design and Application of A Development Framework Based-on Shared Farm Digital Control Platform." E3S Web of Conferences 189 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018901003.
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Agriculture through science and technology is an effective way to promote the development of agricultural economy. In response to the problem of the shortage of urban arable land and the barrenness of rural land, it is combined with the sharing economy and agriculture through the Internet platform to propose the concept of using idle rural land to realize urban people’s online pastoral life. Based on this, the application research on the integration of agriculture and the Internet has been carried out. Taking the needs of shared farm management as an example, through the analysis and research of Nginx, Flask and FFmpeg technologies, the development framework of NFF (Nginx+Flask+FFmpeg) web server with live broadcast function is designed. Based on the NFF framework, the management about land use patterns and planting methods in shared farms have been realized. Real-time live broadcast of farms has also been realized, which establishes a connection between consumers, growers and managers, and draws closer The distance between consumers and farms. The article focuses on the design ideas and application methods of the NFF framework in the agricultural management system, and the application of Blueprint technology in the live broadcast module. From the perspective of the application of the shared farm management system, the NFF framework can ensure the stability and scalability of the system functions, while also reducing the difficulty of development and improving the efficiency of development. It provides design ideas and application methods for Internet technology in agriculture. It is helpful to promote the sustainable development of the concept of “Internet + Sharing”, provides a stage for the sharing economy to drive agricultural development, and provides a reference for the structure of a new agricultural management system.
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Mizik, Tamás. "Land policy and farm structure: Challenges and opportunities for agriculture in the Western Balkan." Society and Economy 38, no. 2 (June 2016): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2016.38.2.2.
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Although Western Balkan countries are quite different, they can all be characterised by their one shared goal, to achieve the quickest possible accession to the European Union. Even though agriculture plays an important key role within all Western Balkan states, it’s share is the highest in Albania and only Serbia has a trade surplus. Land is a key production factor but all the analysed countries can be characterised by fragmented land structure and low average farm sizes. Mostly based on land ownership issues, a land reform index can be calculated. The major contribution of this paper to the literature is the reevaluated land reform index for the Western Balkans.
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Mouris, Miranda Martiza, and Bakti Setiawan. "Types of Agriculture Land Tenancy System in Demak District, Demak Regency." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2019.3.1.23-34.
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Agricultural tenancy system is a farmland management system commonly used by farmers. This system poses as a provider for rural community’s job opportunities and occupations. The purpose of this research is to identify types of tenancy system and the on-farm profiles in Demak District, Demak Regency. The connection between farmlands and these profiles may become a ground for mutual arrangement with the government in order to protect the existence of farmlands. The result of survey to 238 respondents in the district identified there are at least four types of tenancy system that exist in Demak District society, namely: (1) basic tenancy system, (2) partial tenancy system, (3) farm bussiness tenancy system, and (4) managerial tenancy system. Furthermore, based on age characteristics and farming experience data, it is identified that there are possibilities of scarcity in farming profiles of the next generation, which may threat the existence of farmlands. Author argued that the scarcity may be due to job diversification in rural areas. This research suggests a new approach to implement the agricultural land protection policy by modifying one of the existing agricultural land tenancy systems into a contract based system with the government. The contract is aimed to formalize and bind on-farm profiles with their farmland, as well as to limit the number of them. Thus, other productive labor force may be shifted to another field for regional economic development.
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Kadir, Kadir, Isnaeni Nur Khasanah, and Eka Rudiana. "Measurement of Sustainable Agriculture at Household Level: Results of Indonesian Agriculture Integrated Survey (AGRIS) Pilot." Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics 2021, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/icdsos.v2021i1.177.
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This study aims to measure and analyzes the level of agricultural sustainability at the household level using the results of the Integrated Agricultural Survey (AGRIS) pilot conducted by Statistics Indonesia in 2020. Applying descriptive analysis on the computation results of eleven sub-indicators of the SDGs 2.4.1 indicator at the household level, we analyzed the proportion of agricultural households categorized as sustainable and unsustainable for each corresponding sub-indicator of sustainability. We also estimated the average land area managed by agricultural households for each category in each sub-indicators. We found that most agricultural households in West Java, East Java and West Nusa Tenggara are categorized as unsustainable in agricultural practices regarding land productivity. The proportion of households practising unsustainable agriculture are also quite large regarding fertilizer use and decent employment. We also found that less land productivity and poor management of fertilizer use are the phenomena of a relatively large scale farm.
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Pertiwi, Yugo, Kliwon Hidayat, and Yayuk Yuliati. "The Strategy of Agriculture Land Management at Gunungsari Area, Kucur Village, Dau, Malang." HABITAT 31, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2020.031.3.15.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of land ownership and agricultural land management strategies in the Gunungsari region and explore the socio-economic and ecological conditions that drive the selection of existing land management strategies. The case study was chosen as a research design with Gunungsari agricultural land area as the case. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with key informants, semi-structured interviews with sample farmers, field observations and documents. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study illustrate that dominant individual agricultural land ownership is fragmented into different plot locations with an area of less than 0.5 hectares. Perennial crop monoculture, annual intercropping, perennial crop intercropping, and mixed gardens are available agricultural land management strategies. Perennial crops as the main crops as well as edge crops are still the dominant choice of farm families, according to the internal uniqueness of each family in their interactions with external factors. This choice has consequences for the current land cover of the Gunungsari region. The actor approach that places social practice as a result of dynamic interactions between the actor's internal conditions and the context of his social-ecological environment is seen as relevant.
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Cillis, Giuseppe, Dina Statuto, and Pietro Picuno. "Vernacular Farm Buildings and Rural Landscape: A Geospatial Approach for Their Integrated Management." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010004.
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Over the centuries, farm buildings, which accompany the development of agriculture, have played an important role in defining spatial and environmental planning. In some European countries in particular, these rural structures have been built based on traditional agricultural needs and typical land characteristics. Considering the land abandonment that has occurred over the last five decades, with farmers moving to more comfortable residences in neighboring urban settlements, historical farm buildings have often been abandoned, thus causing a leakage of the historical-cultural heritage of the rural landscape. Nowadays, open data and geographic technologies together with advanced technological tools allow us to gather multidisciplinary information about the specific characteristics of each farm building, thus improving our knowledge. This information can greatly support the protection of those buildings and landscapes that have high cultural and naturalistic value. In this paper, the potential of Geographic Information Systems to catalogue the farm buildings of the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) is explored. The analysis of these buildings, traditionally known as masserie, integrates some typical aspects of landscape studies, paving the way for sustainable management of the important cultural heritage represented by vernacular farm buildings and the rural landscape.
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Rendel, John, Alec Mackay, Paul Smale, Andrew Manderson, and David Scobie. "Optimisation of the Resource of Land-Based Livestock Systems to Advance Sustainable Agriculture: A Farm-Level Analysis." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080331.
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Land dedicated to livestock contributes at least 40% of the global agricultural output. While advances in the application of geospatial information systems and remote sensing technologies offer much to agriculture, capturing and using that rich spatial biophysical information is not a feature available in most farm systems models. In this paper, we tackle this gap describing a land-based integrated grazing farm optimisation and resource allocation model (AgInform®) that departs from the use of whole farm and average data, to the integration of biological data obtained directly from each of the land units within the farm. The model allows the exploration of the dynamics of biophysical and financial performance of the farm in a steady-state, single-year approach, where the opening and closing values of the biological elements of the farm system conditions must remain the same (e.g., animal numbers, herbage mass), unless otherwise specified. The user supplies pasture growth rates, minimum and maximum acceptable pasture masses for each land management unit (LMU), differential boundary conditions to deliver defined environmental outcomes, animal performance (sheep, beef and deer), farm costs and market prices. The linear programming (LP) equations formed by AgInform® can be divided into a single objective and constraints (which accommodate the boundaries), including those placed on individual LMUs. The optimization routine uses this information to identify the mix of livestock production enterprises that maximises profit for the business. The model in maintaining the link between available pasture mass and livestock requirements for each LMU throughout all calculations, enables the livestock type and number carried, along with the pasture mass required on each LMU throughout the year to achieve the required animal performance levels to be included as model outputs. A hill land sheep and beef farm consisting of seven distinct LMUs was used as a farm-level case to assess if AgInform® (1) has sufficient flexibility to integrate biological information from each LMU; (2) could use the specified livestock performance targets to derive a feasible livestock policy that optimised resource use and farm returns; (3) can assign each fortnight animal type and number and herbage mass to each LMU; and (4) can mimic reality to produce credible solutions.
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Rivers, Daniel Lanza. "“The Land Doesn’t Stretch”." Steinbeck Review 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/steinbeckreview.19.1.0001.
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Abstract This essay analyzes representations of agriculture, drought, and fecundity in John Steinbeck’s novel To a God Unknown in order to better understand the ways that this novel draws on, revises, and critiques regional histories of agro-industrial development in California. In particular, it explores parallels between the Wayne ranch's boom-and-bust narrative and its historical antecedents, particularly the rise and fall of California’s rancho economy in the mid-nineteenth century. Along the way, this article also examines the ways that Steinbeck’s representations of fecundity and drought reflect enduring entanglements between the cultural vocabulary of the U.S. family farm and settler colonial visions of claiming and developing fecund and malleable California landscapes. This article concludes with a reflection on To a God Unknown’s enduring relevance to contemporary discussions of water management, drought, and agriculture in the Anthropocene (the contemporary epoch of human-induced climate change), when California’s drought seasons are on track to become more regular and intense.
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Grubbström, Ann, and Sofie Joosse. "New Entrants in Agriculture – The Case of Young Immigrant Farmers in Sweden." European Countryside 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0002.
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Abstract The opportunities available to start up a successful farm business structure the future of European farming. As fewer farm daughters and sons are projected to take over the family farm, there is increasing policy and academic interest in new entrants and the challenges they meet when they start their farm. This study focuses on new entrants that immigrate to Sweden. This group can be considered an extreme case of new entrants, as key resources (land, local networks, family labour support and farm specific knowledge are usually lacking for these farmers). Based on interviews with immigrant farmers in the Mälardalen region, we present the different ways they get access to economic, cultural and social capital. These insights are valuable for policy aimed at helping immigrant farmers starting up.
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Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari. "Evaluating adaptation and the production development of Finnish agriculture in climate and global change." Agricultural and Food Science 24, no. 3 (October 31, 2015): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.51080.
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Agricultural product prices and policies influence the development of crop yields under climate change through farm level management decisions. On this basis, five main scenarios were specified for agricultural commodity prices and crop yields. An economic agricultural sector model was used in order to assess the impacts of the scenarios on production, land use and farm income in Finland. The results suggest that falling crop yields, if realized due to low prices and restrictive policies, will result in decreasing crop and livestock production and increasing nutrient surplus. Slowly increasing crop yields could stabilise production and increase farm income. Significantly higher crop prices and yields are required, however, for any marked increase in production in Finland. Cereals production would increase relatively more than livestock production, if there were high prices for agricultural products. This is explained by abundant land resources, a high opportunity cost of labour and policies maintaining current dairy and beef production.
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Awang, Abd Hair, Iskandar Zainuddin Rela, Azlan Abas, Mohamad Arfan Johari, Mohammad Effendi Marzuki, Mohd Noor Ramdan Mohd Faudzi, and Adri Musa. "Peat Land Oil Palm Farmers’ Direct and Indirect Benefits from Good Agriculture Practices." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147843.
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With economically unsustainable metroxylon sagu (sago palms) found in peat lands, small scale farmers are gradually converting their land to oil palm cultivation. Good agriculture practices (GAP) were inculcated to peat land farmers to ensure that the environmental ecosystem is conserved and oil palm productivity is enhanced, along with the farmer’s well-being. The present study examined the effect of GAP on farm performance and the perceived economic well-being of the peat land oil palm farmers. We interviewed randomly selected farmers with assistance from a locally trained native enumerator to complete the survey questionnaire. We conducted partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to incorporate direct and indirect benefits on farmers’ economic well-being to estimate the significance of GAP. The empirical results show that GAP have direct positive effects on farm performance. Such practices lead to significant positive impacts on the economic well-being of peat land oil palm farmers. This solid evidence makes it much easier for small-scale farmers to convert from conventional farming to environmentally friendly farming, and ensures safe and healthy oil palm cultivation.
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Churiyah, Madziatul, Buyung Adi Dharma, and Sholikhan. "OPTIMALISASI PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK URBAN FARMING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19." PRIMA : PORTAL RISET DAN INOVASI PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 2, no. 1 (November 22, 2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/prima.v2i1.456.
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This study aims to describe the skills of managing agriculture for urban farming groups in the village of Keben Permai Malang after receiving empowerment through mentoring and training on how to manage agriculture. These skills include skills in cultivating land, making planting media, caring for plants, making natural fertilizers, harvesting, and processing post-harvest production. The population of this research is the urban farming group in the village of Keben Permai Malang, which consists of 20 people. This research is an action research, namely providing action in the form of empowerment through mentoring and training. Data on farm management skills are obtained through observation sheets of farm management skills. Data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results showed that the skills of managing agriculture for the urban farming group of Kampung Keben Permai Malang in the category are very good, which means members of the Keben Permai urban farming group already have very good skills to manage agriculture.
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Kramer, Benedikt, Anke Schorr, Reiner Doluschitz, and Markus Lips. "The Role of Neighborhood Effects on Investing Dairy Farms." Economia agro-alimentare, no. 3 (January 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2021oa12778.
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For the traditionally small-scaled Swiss agriculture, large economies of scale exist in dairy farming. Farm expansion is typically linked to a barn investment, but the opportunities for expanding the necessary acreage are limited. To enable an investing farm to expand its acreage, neighboring farms must shrink or phase out. Hence, the question arises how neighboring farms affect investing farms. To address this farm management question, we used a set of Farm Accountancy Data Network data and government data on subsidized projects. We combined this dataset with agricultural census data to assess the concentration of agricultural land as well as the number of subsidized investments within the municipality of an investing farm. By means of random-effects models for agricultural income per family working unit on the one side and herd size change on the other, we found two effects of neighborhood effects. A high number of subsidized projects and a high concentration of land (Gini coefficient) limited the growth in herd size due to scarcity of available land. At the same time, neighborhood positively influenced the management, leading to a higher agricultural income per family working unit. The results illustrate that an extension of the Farm Accountancy Data Network data, which in itself is extensive, can further help to address specific research questions.
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ŽUTINIĆ, Đ., and I. GRGIĆ. "Family farm inheritance in Slavonia region, Croatia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 11 (December 1, 2010): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/14/2010-agricecon.
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The aim of the study was to determine the chances of the Slavonian family farms for social reproduction in the next generation and to determine attitudes of farmers towards some aspects of family farm inheritance and the possible ways of preventing the division of land. The research was carried out on a sample of 202 family farms. The analysis showed that the chances to remain as integral production units in the next generation are realistic for only 48% of family farms. The traditional pattern of behavior is obvious with regard to inheritance and to postponing the transfer of management and control of the farm resources. The majority of the Slavonian farmers find that it would be proper if the state were to introduce special measures to regulate the integrity of the land and to offer subsidies and easements for the "entry" of the young into the agriculture.
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McKenzie, A. D. "Isolated Farmers Make Good Learners - Distance Education Leaves Its Mark." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 4, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v4i2.386.
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Since 1970, farmers in NSW and beyond have been participating in an easy-access Home Study Program for farmers, land and business managers in rural areas. In the late sixties, the Rural Youth Organisation of New South Wales had been looking for an effective way of preparing its members for a business career on the land. With the backing of the Department of Education and the active support of farm management specialists at the University of New England, the Farm Management Correspondence Course was launched. Within a few years, responsibility for the Program passed to the NSW Department of Agriculture, where it has remained ever since. Since 1980, the Program has operated out of C B Alexander Agricultural College, 'Tocal', Paterson near Newcastle. Over 10,000 people have been involved in these courses. Today the Farm Management Home Study Program prepares for its twenty-fifth anniversary in 1995. How does the Program make further study so easy for farmers to access?
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Paltasingh, Kirtti Ranjan, Amit Kumar Basantaray, and Pabitra Kumar Jena. "Land tenure security and farm efficiency in Indian agriculture: Revisiting an old debate." Land Use Policy 114 (March 2022): 105955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105955.
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Kumar, Santosh, and Md Alamgir. "Constraints of Farm Mechanization and Subsidies Distribution in the Agriculture Sector of Bihar." MUDRA: Journal of Finance and Accounting 9, no. 2 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.mudra.v9i2.922201.
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Farm mechanization in agriculture can play an important role in boosting food production with limited resources. The advantages of agricultural mechanization should be made available to all types of farmers, paying special attention to small and marginal farmers. The goal of the current study was to analyze the constraints to farm mechanization and the farm equipment subsidies program in Bihar's agriculture sector. Primary data have been collected by using the questionnaire method, from a total of 210 farmers of the Begusarai district of Bihar based on multistage sampling. The data were analyzed using the Garret ranking method. Results indicate that the large majority of respondents have chosen to give rank 1 to the constraint of ‘small and fragmented land holding’, followed by ‘high initial cost’ (rank 2) and lack of financial resources and credit facilities (rank 3). The study focuses on increasing the scope for farm mechanization through farm equipment subsidy programs and custom hiring services. Thus, the outcomes of the study will be helpful for policymakers for an effective distribution management system.
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Ikegami, Koichi. "LAND REFORM AND THE MEANING OF THE FAIR TRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v1i1.722.
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Fair Trade is drastically expanding to mainstream in the 2000s. Even in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) has the Fair Trade Movement appeared in agricultural and food sectors. Management companies and white farms are not marginalized people, who are major target of Fair Trade movement in general. This paper intended to answer the questions why management companies and white farms are involved in Fair Trade movement. The paper argued that major players of Fair Trade in South Africa is a large commercial farm owned by white South Africans who are very sensitive to political pressure. Fair Trade movement in South Africa. South Africa is facing a difficult problem on how to reduce the poor-rich distinction in agriculture. From this context, land reform should be urgently and strongly promoted. Land reform gave impacts by way of two courses. One is the necessity of economic sustainability by introducing a concept of ‘fairness’ as appealing new added value, followed by initiating Fair Trade farms and Strategic Partnership Approach. The other is the politico-psychological pressure to secure good reputation of ‘fairness’, which was caused by social pressure of land reform and domestic policies seeking for reduction of disparities between rural-urban and agriculture-industry relationships. Although the land reform is urgent for economic sustainability, but the land reform farm failed to continue their business due to the lack of know-how and knowledge concerning farm activities and lack of good market access and the market structure to block native Africans to sell in a free way. In this point, Fair Trade is one of possible solutions.
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Kumar, Sikander, and Kishor Kumar. "Resource Use Efficiency and Gross Returns from Food Grain Crops in the Low Hill Zone Economy of Himachal Pradesh." Asian Review of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2022.11.1.3126.
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Resource use efficiency in agriculture is defined to include the concepts of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and environmental efficiency. Public investment, subsidies and credit for agriculture are used in an efficient manner. There are large scale inter regional as well as inter farm variations in factor productivity due to varying influence of different factors in different regions. A number of management factors such as timeliness and method of sowing, transplanting, irrigation and application of right doses of inputs and input mix play an important role in influencing inter-farm variation in crop productivity. Growing marginalization and fragmentation of land holdings coupled with rising incidence of informal tenancies and poor rural infrastructure such as road, electricity, markets and education affect factor productivity. The availability of good quality irrigation water coupled with flexibility of irrigation and drainage system and appropriate methods of application as well as pricing of irrigation water is crucial for sustainable use of land and water resources.
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Krasnova, T. G., A. N. Dulesov, A. K. Pozdnyakov, and A. S. Vilgelm. "Management peculiarities of integration development in the agricultural sector." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 022049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022049.
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Abstract The search for the most effective forms of functioning of agriculture is the actual direction in modern methods of management of regional economics. The article deals with the development of regional agro-industrial complex as a system, functioning at the expense of integration processes occurring at the level of agricultural sphere of activity. The issues of integration in agriculture are considered from the point of view of forming the stability of balanced regional economy. A distinctive point of our paper is the application of the process approach which allow construct models of farm land use on the example of the Republic of Khakassia. Also we consider realization mechanism of agro-industrial integrative development model by means of various management methods. The choice of the direction of integrative development of agriculture in the regions is justified by the fact that integration ties arising at all levels of agro-industrial complexes (providing, producing, processing) contribute to active formation of sustainable local agricultural markets.
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Yan, Xin, Yuejian Wang, Guang Yang, Na Liao, and Fadong Li. "Research on the Scale of Agricultural Land Moderate Management and Countermeasures Based on Farm Household Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910591.
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The scale of agricultural land management was scientifically measured to provide a theoretical reference for improving the efficiency of agricultural land utilization, optimizing the industrial structure, and effectively solving the “three rural problems”. Based on 368 microfarmers’ agricultural land management questionnaire responses, the Cobb–Douglas production function was used to measure the average household size in different zones of Shawan City, Xinjiang, and then to calculate the total scale of moderate management in the region, and to divide the supplementary and reduced zones of arable land. The proposed countermeasures and suggestions for achieving the scale of moderate management from the perspectives of both people and land are presented. The results show the following: (1) the average suitable operating scales of households in the hilly area, the agricultural area in the oasis plain, and the oasis–desert interlace area were 5.15, 9.28, and 7.74 ha, respectively. (2) The moderate total scales of operation in the low hilly area, the middle oasis plain agricultural area, and the lower oasis–desert ecotone were 60,380, 112,510, and 115,500 ha, respectively. (3) Two areas, the low mountainous and hilly areas and the oasis plain farming areas, are supplementary areas of arable land, which should be supplemented by improving the management capacity of farmers, cultivating two new agricultural business entities, increasing land transfers, developing modern agriculture, and reducing the degree of fragmentation of arable land. The oasis–desert staggered area is the area where the scale of arable land is reduced. We should vigorously implement the work of retreating land and reducing water, and guide farmers to engage in secondary and tertiary industries so as to reduce the scale of arable land.
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Sharma, Avinash, Megha Raghavan, Zhang Shi, and Nguyen Tran Hai Bang. "Utilization of protected cultivation for crop production and preservation in India." Environment Conservation Journal 22, no. 1&2 (June 4, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.221203.
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The present paper discusses about the applications of protected cultivation for crop activities, and technology utilization in India. The crop production, management, plant propagation are applied at protected cultivation in sustainable agriculture. The advancement of technology is boosted in protected cultivation that transforms sustainable agriculture into modern agriculture. The various agricultural crops are practiced naturally after research progress in protected cultivation. The various sophisticated technologies like scientific farming, vertical farming, vertical farming with hydroponics, organic farming, micro-irrigation, organic fertigation, chemical fertigation, IPM, IDM, INM, farm machines & tools, aquaponic, micro green farming, in-situ crop preservation, azolla production and seed production are utilized in crop activity and academic & research. The modern technologies are constituted in protected cultivation that transforms modern agriculture into smart agriculture. It will promote land, water, waste land conservation. It would reform nutrient content of the soil, forbids soil erosion and soil pollution. It will provide employment opportunities, agricultural business, food security and rural development in India.
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Tóth-Naár, Zsuzsanna, Tamás Antal Naár, Ádám Pál Sőreg, and Sergey Vinogradov. "Selected Reliable Indicators of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the European Union." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vjbsd-2017-0008.
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Abstract The concept of sustainability and the feasibility options have been discussed in specialized literature sources for about three decades only. Sustainable development has several definitions; it is defined both in narrow and wider sense. The definition of sustainability is regarded inevitable because the sustainability of agriculture can be interpreted only within this fixed conceptual framework. Our study primarily deals with issues of sustainability in farming practices being specific to countries and regions of the European Union. In frames of the current research we provide the analysis of the ability to produce value added within agricultural sector, the intensity of farming, the non-renewable external input use, farm structure as well as the European-level relations being directed towards the preservation of land productivity.
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Huffman, T., R. Ogston, T. Fisette, B. Daneshfar, P.-Y. Gasser, L. White, M. Maloley, and R. Chenier. "Canadian agricultural land-use and land management data for Kyoto reporting." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-103.
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The land use and management data requirements for assessing, monitoring and reporting on the impact of agricultural production practices on the environment, especially in a country as large as Canada, are considerable. In view of the fact that environmental assessments are a relatively new phenomenon, data collection activities targeted toward these needs are not widespread. As a result, we find it necessary to acquire and integrate a variety of data sources with differing time lines, spatial scales and sampling frameworks. This paper uses our current activities with respect to Kyoto reporting as a focus to present and discuss the types of data required and the spatial analysis and integration procedures being developed to provide them. The essential data for this activity include the area of crop and land use types, land use changes since 1990, farm and land management practices and biomass production. The spatial framework selected for national analysis is the Soil Landscapes of Canada, and the primary existing data sources are the Census of Agriculture, sample-derived yield estimates and satellite-based land cover products. These are supplemented with detailed, multi-season, multi-year satellite image interpretations conducted at an ecologically and statistically stratified sample of sites across the country. The use of these data in preparing an account of greenhouse gas sources and sinks identified a number of gaps and problems, and a brief outline of future work designed to improve the data inputs is presented. Key words: Kyoto reporting, data integration, land use and management, greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration
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Cavazza, Francesco, Francesco Galioto, Meri Raggi, and Davide Viaggi. "The Role of ICT in Improving Sequential Decisions for Water Management in Agriculture." Water 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2018): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091141.
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Numerous Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) applications have been developed in irrigated agriculture. While there are studies focusing on ICTs impacts at the farm level, no research deals with this issue at the Water Authority (WA) level where ICTs can support strategic decisions on land and water allocation. The present study aims to design a theoretical model to estimate economic benefits from the ICT-informed decision process of water management in agriculture. Specifically, the study analyzes the motivations driving a case study WA using ICTs to support strategic management decisions involving risky choices. Results show that the WA under investigation has potentialities to save water and to implement adaptation strategies to climate change. Higher benefits from ICTs are attainable in areas with limited water availability and where the WA can effectively manage land allocation and control water delivery volumes. The study concludes that ICTs might have a disruptive potential in fulfilling WA’s specific information needs, but there is still a need to improve their accuracy due to the risk surrounding the decisions at stake.
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George, Justin, and Adesoji Adelaja. "Forced Displacement and Agriculture: Implications for Host Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105728.
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The disruptive effects of conflict and climate-related shocks and their tendencies to cause human population displacements are well documented in the literature. Given the growing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide and the resulting population and service demand overload in host communities, it is important to understand the socioeconomic impacts. Because many host communities in developing countries are agriculture dependent, we investigate what happens to key agricultural sector outcomes in host communities when there is an influx of IDPs. For displacements caused by insurgency, communal clashes, and natural disasters, we estimate the impacts on agricultural outputs, employment, wages, and land use. We find that forced displacements generally result in reduced agricultural production due to lower land and labor productivity. Specifically, while the effect of insurgency-driven IDP influx is negative, it is positive for communal violence. Cassava, potatoes, and soya are particularly hard hit. Additionally, while insurgency-driven population influx reduces the agricultural wages of both males and females, it increases the reliance on male and female household labor but has no effect on hired labor. Finally, while insurgency-driven IDP influx does not affect land use and land market activities, it lowers the expected value of land and the number of farm plots harvested. We highlight the opportunity to leverage humanitarian assistance in building local agricultural capacity in host communities.
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Faroque, MAA, MA Kashem, and SE Bilkis. "Sustainable Agriculture: A Challenge in Bangladesh." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 1, no. 1-2 (February 22, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13922.
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The sustainability of conventional agriculture in Bangladesh is under threat from the continuous degradation of land and water resources, and from declining yields due to indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals. Government is pursuing efforts to promote sustainable agriculture with emphasis on better use of on-farm resources and the reduction of external inputs. This paper presents four dimensions of agricultural sustainability as productivity, environmental stability, economical profitability, and social and economic equity. Six characters were selected to evaluate sustainability. Significant differences were found between the two systems (conventional and sustainable agriculture) in crop diversification, soil fertility management, pests and diseases management, use of agrochemicals and environmental issues. However, no significant variations were found in other indicators such as land-use pattern, crop yield and stability, risk and uncertainties, and food security. Although crop yield and financial return were found to be slightly higher in the conventional system, the economic return and value addition per unit of land did not show any difference. It can be suggested that sustainable agriculture has a tendency towards becoming environmental, economically and socially more sound than conventional agriculture, as it requires considerably less agro-chemicals, adds more organic matter to the soil, provides balanced food, and requires higher local inputs without markedly compromising output and financial benefits. Broad-policy measures, including the creation of mass awareness of adverse health effects of agrochemical-based products, are outlined for the promotion of sustainable agriculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13922 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 1-8, December, 2011
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Boll, Reiner, Heribert Dernbach, and Rolf Kayser. "Aspects of Land Disposal of Wastewater as Experienced in Germany." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1986): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0312.
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The largest wastewater land treatment facility in operation in the Federal Republic of Germany is located in Braunschweig (Lower Saxony) and serves a population of about 290,000. The treatment process consists of three main components: a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3,000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 180 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.
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Navrátil, Josef, Tomáš Krejčí, Stanislav Martinát, Kamil Pícha, Petr Klusáček, Jaroslav Škrabal, and Robert Osman. "Abandonment or Regeneration and Re-Use? Factors Affecting the Usage of Farm Premises in Different Social Spaces of the Rural." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 9124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219124.
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Nearly every village in Central and Eastern European countries with heavily collectivized agriculture has its collective farm premises that encompass substantial parts of the village area, were built in the sixties, and now are unable to be used in former ways. The aim of the paper is to identify indicators that are relevant for spatial disparities in the utilization of agricultural premises thirty years after the fall of the Iron Curtain. The location and its area of all pre-1989 rural farm premises within two NUTS 3 regions of the Czech Republic with its current uses were identified, and differences in present uses were tested against agri-natural and socio-economic characteristics (of the municipalities where rural farm premises are located) obtained from national databases. From a global point of view, socio-economic characteristics of municipalities were found to be exceedingly more important than agri-natural—thus, changing of uses is rather dependent on socio-economic context than on geographical preconditions of agriculture. Surprisingly, agricultural use or re-use can be primarily found in municipalities not suitable for intensive agriculture located in the fodder crops and potatoes areas of agricultural production with the highest shares of permanent grassland on agricultural land. On the other hand, areas with the best preconditions for agriculture tend to re-use former farm premises for non-agricultural production.
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Sakprachawut, Soontaree, and Damien Jourdain. "Land titles and formal credit in Thailand." Agricultural Finance Review 76, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-12-2015-0055.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of land titles and farmers’ characteristics on their participation in the formal credit market in a land reform area of Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – Data collected on 218 farm households in one land reform area of Western Thailand are analyzed with a generalized double-hurdle model to calculate the probability of farm households to take a loan and the size of the loans from a formal credit institute, the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Co-operatives. Findings – The results suggest that the absence of a title, whether fully or partially transferable, decreases significantly the participation to the formal credit market and the size of the loans. However, this effect was small. The findings also indicate that the farm assets, household head’s gender and age, and the labor force per hectare were significantly influencing the probability of participation to borrow money as well as the amount borrowed. Practical implications – The possibility given to farmers having title with partial transferability to provide alternative types of guarantees reduced the gap in loan-taking between the different types of land title. However, the presence of a land title, transferable or not, had a significant influence on farmers demand and success in obtaining credit. Originality/value – The paper investigates the possible effects of a unique partial land rights in Thailand that guarantees only security of use of the land but prohibits sale.
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Yuan, Shao Feng, Fan Li, and Xue Chan Wang. "Study on Households’ Willingness in Farmland Transfer: A Case of Tengtou Village, Fenghua in Zhejiang Province, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1238.
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Along with the speeding up of urbanization and industrialization, the agricultural production in China is shifting from small-scale extensive pattern to large-scale pattern, from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Farmland circulation is the premise of realizing farmland scale and intensive management, is the solution to farm land use problems, such as abandoned. This study selects "the top 500 global ecological village", Tengtou village, Fenghua of Ningbo in Zhejiang as the sampling area, through questionnaire and interview method, from the farmland circulation present situation, the transfer will, transfer factors of Tengtou are analyzed.
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Davis, Todd D. "Private Decisions and Public Goods: Trade-Offs in the Conservation Programs in the New Farm Bill: Discussion." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 2 (August 2004): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800026717.
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The 2002 Farm Bill creates several opportunities for landowners to adopt management practices that protect and improve soil and water quality. Landowners considering enrollment in conservation programs must compare the monetary and nonmonetary costs and benefits from removing land from production agriculture. The overall purpose of this invited paper session was to improve the understanding of the factors affecting a landowner's decision to enroll in conservation programs. Papers addressed the environmental benefits of conservation programs and compared the returns to enrolling in conservation programs to the returns from production agriculture.
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Waswa, F., M. Mwamburi, I. I. C. Wakindiki, and R. Chemutai. "Soil Properties and Fertility Management within Ruiru Peri-Urban Area in Kiambu County, Kenya." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.17.
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Peri-urban agriculture is a common practice around many towns and cities in Africa because of the ready urban market for farm commodities. However, it is constrained by a myriad of factors like lack of land tenure and poor soil fertility management strategies. This study focussed on soil physicochemical properties and fertility management in Ruiru Sub County, which is a peri-urban area, in Kiambu County of Kenya. Data was obtained from soil samples that were collected from ten small contact farms identified by the Sub-County Ministry of Agriculture and analysed for selected physicochemical parameters critical in soil fertility management. The results from this study indicated that most farmers were tenants growing leafy vegetables on small farms ~0.1 ha. Soil fertility was mainly maintained using organic manures, while tillage was done by hand. Both practices signal the limitations imposed by the small farm size and lack of land ownership. The soil pH was 6.3 ±0.87, which was ideal for protontransfer reactions in the soil and availability of nutrients for plant uptake. Soil fertility was mostly limited by the interaction of soil pH, K and Ca (30%), total N, OC and Zn (27%) and Cu (15%), Mg (10%) and P (9%). Therefore, the management of Ca fertilisation in this area is key because it is the Ca concentration of the soil solution that influences K and pH through ion exchange and K release.
Key words: Organic manures, Inorganic fertilizers, Crop farming, Principle component analysis
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Izuno, F. T., R. W. Rice, and L. T. Capone. "Best Management Practices Enable the Coexistence of Agriculture and the Everglades Environment." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 690d—690. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.690d.
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Situated at the northern end of the historical Florida Everglades is the 280,000-ha tract of land called the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). This land was diked, canalized, and drained in the early 1900s to encourage the production of primarily sugarcane, vegetables, sod, and rice on its Histosols. The phosphorus in drainage water from the EAA is believed to be causing undesirable changes to the ecosystem in areas subject to legislated environmental protection. Phosphorus (P) load reduction “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) are being developed and implemented in the EAA to reduce agricultural production impacts on the wetland areas. The BMPs can be categorized as fertilizer, water management, or particulate control related, and can be applied effectively across the EAA. Ten farms, representative of the EAA soils, rainfall, crops, farm size, geographic location, and water management practices, were used in the study. The farms were monitored under pre-BMP conditions for 1 to 3 years. By Jan. 1995, seven of the 10 farms were operating under project-designed BMP packages that included only the fertilizer and water management options. Depending on the method used for adjusting for hydrologic variability between years, calculated P load reductions ranged from 25% to 60% between 1994 and 1995.
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Kurnia, Ganjar, Iwan Setiawan, Ahmad C. Tridakusumah, Gani Jaelani, Mahra A. Heryanto, and Adi Nugraha. "Local Wisdom for Ensuring Agriculture Sustainability: A Case from Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 8823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148823.
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Land transformation issues have been threatening the future of agriculture within the past decades. However, there are some areas that show their ability in maintaining their agricultural land. This paper aims to explore the farm management system resulted from the presence of legal pluralism that might contribute to future agricultural development. Data were gained through focus group discussions, observations, and in-depth interviews with various key informants. Systems thinking approach was used in this study, and data were iterated and modeled by using Causal Loop Diagram to give a better illustration of the phenomenon. We found that the integration between customary and legal law, which is manifested in the people’s farming praxis, is the main factor in sustaining the agricultural sector. The customary laws were reinforced by the local government, which made the government’s role crucial in allowing its citizen to continuously practice their beliefs in maintaining their agricultural lands. These conclusions are helpful in understanding the complexities underlying land transformation issues, which contributes to the literatures in related fields and improves the policy on agricultural land preservation in Indonesia and other developing countries.
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Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, Lidia, Stefan Pietrzak, Dawid Dybowski, Michał Białoskórski, Tadeusz Marcinkowski, Ludmiła Rossa, Marek Urbaniak, et al. "Impact of agricultural farms on the environment of the Puck Commune: Integrated agriculture calculator—CalcGosPuck." PeerJ 7 (February 19, 2019): e6478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6478.
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Background Leaching of nutrients from agricultural areas is the main cause of water pollution and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. A variety of remedial actions to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural holdings and cultivated fields have been taken in the past. However, knowledge about the risk of nutrient leaching has not yet reached many farmers operating in the water catchment area of the Baltic Sea. Methods The nutrient balance method known as “At the farm gate” involves calculating separate balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). After estimating all the components of the nutrient balance, the total balance for NPK is calculated and the data obtained is expressed as the ratio of total change (surplus) to the area of arable land on a farm. In addition, the nutrient usage efficiency on a farm is also calculated. An opinion poll was conducted in 2017 on 3.6% (n = 31) of the farms located in commune of Puck. The total area of the farms including arable and grass land ranged from 5 to 130 ha with an average of 45.82 ha. The arable land was on average 30.79 ha ranging from 4.45 to 130 ha while the grassland averaged 12.77 ha and ranged from 0 to 53 ha. Results The average consumption of mineral fertilizer in the sample population of farms was 114.9 kg N, 9.3 kg P, and 22.9 kg K·ha−1of agricultural land (AL), respectively. N balance in the sample farms being ranged from −23.3 to 254.5 kg N·ha−1AL while nutrient use efficiency ranged from 0.40% to 231.3%. In comparison, P surplus in the sample farms was 5.0 kg P·ha−1AL with the P use efficiency of 0.4–266.5%. Discussion Mean N fertilizer consumption in the tested farms was higher than the average usage across Poland and in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. However, mean consumption of potassium fertilizers was lower than mentioned averages. Mean P fertilizer consumption was higher than in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, but lower compared to the entire country. Generally, on the basis of designated research indicators of farm pressures on water quality, concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were obtained. CalcGosPuck (an integrated agriculture calculator) will help to raise farmers’ awareness about NPK flow on farm scale and to improve nutrient management.
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Merfield, Charles, Henrik Moller, Jon Manhire, Chris Rosin, Solis Norton, Peter Carey, Lesley Hunt, et al. "Are Organic Standards Sufficient to Ensure Sustainable Agriculture? Lessons From New Zealand’s ARGOS and Sustainability Dashboard Projects." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (July 14, 2015): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p158.
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<p>Our review concludes that organic standards need to account for a broader set of criteria in order to retain claims to ‘sustainability’. Measurements of the ecological, economic and social outcomes from over 96 kiwifruit, sheep/beef and dairy farms in New Zealand between 2004 and 2012 by The <em>Agricultural Research Group on Sustainability</em> (ARGOS) project showed some enhanced ecosystem services from organic agriculture that will assist a “land-sharing” approach for sustainable land management. However, the efficiency of provisioning services is reduced in organic systems and this potentially undermines a “land-sparing” strategy to secure food security and ecosystem services. Other aspects of the farm operation that are not considered in the organic standards sometimes had just as much or even a greater effect on ecosystem services than restriction of chemical inputs and synthetic fertilisers. An organic farming version of the <em>New Zealand Sustainability Dashboard</em> will integrate organic standards and wider agricultural best practice into a broad and multidimensional sustainability assessment framework and package of learning tools. There is huge variation in performance of farms within a given farming system. Therefore improving ecosystem services depends as much on locally tuned learning and adjustments of farm practice on individual farms as on uptake of organic or Integrated Management farming system protocols.</p>
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Fuller, Anthony M., Siyuan Xu, Lee-Ann Sutherland, and Fabiano Escher. "Land to the Tiller: The Sustainability of Family Farms." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 11452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011452.
Full textAbstract:
This paper on family farms is in the form of an historical review complemented by current and future perspectives from North America, China, Brazil and Europe. The literature review demonstrates the multiple discourses, concepts and methodologies which underpin contemporary understandings of the family farm. The authors argue that family-based farming units are ubiquitous in most agricultural systems and take on many different forms and functions, conditioned by the structure of agriculture in different locations and political systems. Our review accepts this diversity and seeks to identify some key elements that inform our understanding of the sustainability of family farming, now and in the future. The term ‘family’ is the differentiating variable and behooves a sociological approach. However, economists can view the family farm as an economic unit, a business and even a firm. Geographers see family farms consigned to the margins of good land areas, and political scientists have seen family farms as a class. What emerges is a semantic enigma. As an imaginary term, ‘family farming’ is useful as a positive, universally valued ideal; as a definable entity on the ground, however, it is difficult to classify and measure for comparative policy and research purposes. This ambiguity is utilized by governments to manage the increasing capitalization of farm units while projecting the image of wholesome production of food. The case studies demonstrate the diversity of ways in which family farming ideologies are being mobilized in contemporary agrarian change processes. The notion of ‘land to the tiller’ is resonant with historic injustices in Scotland and Brazil, where family-based agriculture is understood as the ‘natural’ order of agricultural production and actively supported as an historic ideal. In contrast, in the Chinese context, ‘land to the tiller’ is a political means of increasing capital penetration and economic sustainability. Evidence from China, Brazil and Scotland demonstrates the active role of governments, coupled with symbolic ideologies of farming, which suggest that the longevity (i.e., sustainability) of family farming will continue.
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Boakye-Danquah, John, Effah Kwabena Antwi, Osamu Saito, Mark Kofi Abekoe, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi. "Impact of Farm Management Practices and Agricultural Land Use on Soil Organic Carbon Storage Potential in the Savannah Ecological Zone of Northern Ghana." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0484.
Full textAbstract:
In recent times, there has been increasing interest in the importance of agricultural soils as global carbon sinks, and the opportunity of enhancing the resilience of degraded agroecosystems – particularly in savannah regions of the world. However, this opportunity is largely a function of land use and/or land management choices, which differ between and within regions. In the present study, we investigated the role of agriculture land use and farm management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the savannah regions of northern Ghana. We evaluated selected land use types by using an integrated approach, involving on-farm interviews, community transect walks, land use monitoring, and soil sampling. Our results indicated that, at the landscape level, community land use and resource needs are important determinants of SOC storage in farmlands. We determined low SOC accumulation across the investigated landscape; however, the relatively high SOC stock in protected lands compared with croplands implies the potential for increasing SOC build-up by using recommended management practices. Low incomes, constraints to fertilizer use, low biomass availability, and reductions in fallow periods remain as barriers to SOC buildup. In this context, global soil carbon storage potential and smallholder food production systems will benefit from an ecosystembased adaptation strategy that prioritizes building a portfolio of carbon stores at the landscape level.