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Kapadia, Muneera R., Christine M. Veenstra, Rachel E. Davis, Sarah T. Hawley, and Arden M. Morris. "Unmet Emotional Support Needs Among Diverse Patients with Colorectal Cancer." American Surgeon 86, no. 6 (2020): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003134820923318.
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Background Social support, which is partly emotional support, is associated with adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, quality of life, and survival. We hypothesized that the needs, sources, and availability of emotional support would vary by race and income among CRC patients and sought to quantify the emotional support and the perceived adequacy of support reported by patients. Methods We surveyed CRC patients from Detroit and Georgia Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries about the quantity and quality of emotional support received from different sources. We tested differences using the chi-square test, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results There were 1909 patients who met inclusion criteria and 1301 (68%) completed surveys. Among respondents, 68% were white, 25% black, and 7% other. Black patients were more likely to be female and younger and reported lower annual income and education. Patients reported high support from several sources. Among those with a spouse/partner (58%), 95% reported high levels of support; however, older, black, female, or lower income patients were less likely to have spouses/partners ( P < .001). Patients also endorsed high support from family (88.6%), important others (82.9%), and clinicians (71.3%). Black patients were less likely than white patients to report support that was “just right” ( P < .001). Discussion Most patients reported high emotional support from at least 1 source. Black patients were most at risk for low support or unmet support needs. Spouse/partner support was important but only available to 58% of respondents. Patients at risk for unmet emotional support needs may benefit from additional support resources.
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Kumar Mishra, Sushanta. "Linking perceived organizational support to emotional labor." Personnel Review 43, no. 6 (2014): 845–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-09-2012-0160.
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Purpose – Based on two studies on different occupational groups, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and different forms of emotional labor. Drawing from social identity theory, the present study extends the social exchange theory to provide an alternate explanation to the above relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The survey design following questionnaire in English language was physically administered among medical sales employees and subsequently among employees in the hospitality industry. Findings – The study found that POS is positively related to deep acting and negatively related to surface acting. The study further found that organizational identification mediates the relationship between POS and deep acting where as there was no mediation effect of organizational identification on the relationship between POS and surface acting. Research limitations/implications – The research relies on a cross-sectional design with a single source of data collected from two sources at different time periods. Practical implications – With the emergence of service economy there is an increasing emphasis on the performance of emotional labor. The present study suggests that organizations need to focus on organizational practices as employees’ perception of organizational support is related to the way they express their emotions during customer interactions. The finding of the study suggests that on what the organizations should do to motivate employees to perform expected emotional labor. Originality/value – The literature is relatively silent on the relationship between POS and different forms of emotional labor. The present study adds to the existing body of knowledge by explaining POS as an important antecedent of emotional labor. Further, the study contributes by exploring the mediation effect of organizational identification on the relationship between POS and different forms of emotional labor.
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Amare, Samuel. "Social support experiences among Yemeni refugee women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a descriptive phenomenological study." Journal of Social Science 7, no. 1 (2024): 133–44. https://doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2024.7(1).11.
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Social support from informal support sources plays a pivotal role in smoothing the adaptation process of refugees in their host countries. This study's main objective was to examine the social support experiences of Yemeni refugee women in Addis Ababa. The study employed a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. Thirteen Yemeni refugee women were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Using purposive sampling, study participants were selected. The study's findings indicated that refugee women received various types of social support from family, friends, and independent sponsors, including instrumental support, emotional support, and informational support. For refugee women, strengthening their existing informal social networks is crucial since these networks provide them with informational, emotional, and instrumental support.
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Sorenson, Ann Marie, Carl F. Grindstaff, and R. Jay Turner. "Religious Involvement among Unmarried Adolescent Mothers: A Source of Emotional Support?" Sociology of Religion 56, no. 1 (1995): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712040.
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Wright, Kevin B. "Emotional Support and Perceived Stress Among College Students Using Facebook.com: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Source Perceptions and Emotional Support." Communication Research Reports 29, no. 3 (2012): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2012.695957.
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Hartman, Carol R. "The Nurse-Patient Relationship and Victims of Violence." Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice 9, no. 2 (1995): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-7182.9.2.175.
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Vicarious traumatization is a phenomenon that recognizes that the exposure of persons, other than the victim, to the specifics of trauma material or the reenactment of traumatic experiences transmits the emotionally laden aspects of the original violence and thus is a source of emotional arousal and distress for the nurse working with victims of violence. This source of emotional arousal shapes the underlying approach—avoidance dynamic of countertransference responses that strain the empathic connection necessary for a safe and constructive nurse-patient relationship. Case consultation and supervision are necessary to protect the integrity of the nurse-patient relationship. The current isolating changes in the work setting cut the nurse off from needed support and guidance in working with victims of violence. The emotional risks inherent in working with victims of violence require that the nurse seek professional support for the interpersonal aspects of practice.
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Loprinzi, Paul D., and Chelsea Joyner. "Source and Size of Emotional and Financial-Related Social Support Network on Physical Activity Behavior Among Older Adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 7 (2016): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0629.
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Objective:To examine the association of source of emotional- and financial-related social support and size of social support network on physical activity behavior among older adults.Methods:Data from the 1999–2006 NHANES were used (N = 5616; 60 to 85 yrs). Physical activity and emotional- and financial-related social support were assessed via self-report.Results:Older adults with perceived having emotional social support had a 41% increased odds of meeting physical activity guidelines (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01–1.97). The only specific sources of social support that were associated with meeting physical activity guidelines was friend emotional support (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41) and financial support (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09–1.49). With regard to size of social support network, a dose-response relationship was observed. Compared with those with 0 close friends, those with 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 5, and 6+ close friends, respectively, had a 1.70-, 2.38-, 2.57-, and 2.71-fold increased odds of meeting physical activity guidelines. There was some evidence of gender- and age-specific associations between social support and physical activity.Conclusions:Emotional- and financial-related social support and size of social support network are associated with higher odds of meeting physical activity guidelines among older adults.
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Chang, Kenrick, Meilisia Tri Gunawan, Elvy Grashiella, Hendra Jaya, Kenny William, and Winida Marpaung. "Dukungan Sosial pada Survivor Kanker di Medan." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 2 (2020): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.318.
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The purpose of this research is to see how social support helps to cure cancer survivors. The source of this study consists of three research subjects who are a cancer survivor and three research informants. The sample selection used is the snowball sampling method. Research data are collected using natural observation methods and in-depth interview which are then arranged in verbatim form. The results shows that from the forms of social support, including emotional support, tangiable support, informational support, and companionship support, the most prominent is emotional support and with the existence of social supports, cancer sufferers can gain more confident andfeel more motivated to recover from cancer.
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Van Gorp, Lore, Smaranda Boroş, Piet Bracke, and Peter A. J. Stevens. "An exploratory study into organizational repatriates’ emotional support network." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, no. 4 (2017): 645–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-12-2016-0211.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how repatriates’ emotional support network affects their experience of re-entry. Design/methodology/approach This inductive, qualitative study is based on 27 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Belgian organizational repatriates. Findings The analyses suggest that expatriation empathy is a key attribute of organizational repatriates’ main emotional support providers. In addition, the results show that although partners are a main source of emotional support on re-entry, they are also important potential causes of distress. Lastly, the results suggest that the cultural diversity of a repatriate’s emotional support network is linked with characteristics of the assignment and that it affects the experience of repatriation. Research limitations/implications The results provide empirical evidence that the expatriation empathy of repatriates’ support providers is a more informative characteristic to consider compared with whether they have personal experience of expatriation. In addition, the results suggest that research should also take into account the negative side of social support, and, for example, consider the influence of crossover distress of partners who experience relocation difficulties themselves. Practical implications This study points to the possible benefits of organizing social activities or training for repatriates and their partner and any children, as well as the advantages of encouraging expatriates to invite home-country friends to visit. Originality/value Although most scholars agree on the importance of support for expatriates’ well-being, the sources of relevant emotional support have received little research attention so far, as has how this influences the repatriation experience.
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Ogurlu, Üzeyir, Hatun Sevgi-Yalın, and Fazilet Yavuz-Birben. "The relationship between social–emotional learning ability and perceived social support in gifted students." Gifted Education International 34, no. 1 (2016): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429416657221.
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between social–emotional learning skills and perceived social support of gifted students. Based on this relationship, the authors also examined to what extent social and emotional learning skills were predictive of social support. In addition, gender variables were compared in social and emotional learning skills and social support as well. By convenient sampling, the study was carried out as a correlational research design and involved 117 gifted middle school students who attended an enriched after school program. For the collection of data, Social Emotional Learning Skills Scale (SELSS) and Child-Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASS) were used. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between SELSS and CASS. Regression analysis indicated that social and emotional learning skills explained 29% of social support importance section and 43% of frequency section. Another important finding was that gifted students saw close friends as the primary source of social support and their teachers as the important social support source. In addition, the most significant difference between female and male students was also found on most subscales of two scales in favour of females. Discussion and suggestions were provided based on the findings.
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Gallardo-Peralta, Lorena Patricia, Esteban Sánchez-Moreno, Ana Barrón, and Andrés Arias. "Elementos estructurales de la red social, fuentes de apoyo funcional, reciprocidad, apoyo comunitario y depresión en personas mayores en Chile." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 3 (2015): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.172861.
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<p>The relation among aging, social support, and depression is a key subject in societies with rising aeging rates, as Chile is. The present piece of research focus on the rol played by psychosociological variables: type of support by source, reciprocity in support by type and source of support, and communitary support. Vaidated and widely used depression and social support scales where applied in a representative sample (n=493) obtained from Arica-Parinacota region, north of Chile. Hierarchichal regression and structural equation model (SEM) are used. Results suggest that partner, and adult sons and daughters constitute the main sources of support (specially emotional and instrumental) against depression. Reciprocity is a key variable to account for the relation between sources of support and depression.</p>
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Wallace, Jean E., and Jane Lemaire. "Physician Coping Styles and Emotional Exhaustion." Articles 68, no. 2 (2013): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016316ar.
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Summary This paper examines how different coping styles that physicians use relate to emotional exhaustion, the key defining dimension of burnout. Specifically, we examine the extent to which they use active problem solving techniques, seek support, disengage from the situation or use denial as a coping strategy. In addition, we also explore whether the coping styles are more or less effective depending on certain dispositional and/or situational factors. Two individual predispositions are examined in this study in terms of positive and negative affectivity, as optimism and pessimism are stable personality traits that have implications for how individuals view situations and respond to them. Four different sources of physician work stress are examined to reflect the situational factors: work overload, patient interactions, average weekly work hours at work, and average weekly work hours at home. We analyze survey data from 1,110 practising physicians in a single health region in Western Canada. The overall pattern of results suggests that physicians’ individual dispositions are relevant to understanding the coping styles that they adopt. Physicians appear to use denial as a coping strategy when they experience work overload and difficult patient interactions. Furthermore, it is used by those with high negative affectivity. However, having a highly positive outlook appears to neutralize the harmful relationship between denial and emotional exhaustion. This supports the literature that argues that the effects of different coping styles may depend on the personality traits of who uses them. In addition, the harmful experiences related to stressful patient interactions are weakened for doctors who disengage or take a time out from the situation. This supports the literature that suggests that certain coping strategies may be more effective depending on the situation or type/source of stressor. Our findings suggest that certain coping strategies may be more effective depending on personality type and the type or source of stress encountered.
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Izar-de-la-Fuente, Iker, Arantza Rodríguez-Fernández, Naiara Escalante, and Oihane Fernández-Lasarte. "The predictive power of social support's sources and types for school engagement." Educación XX1 26, no. 1 (2023): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.31876.
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Social support has been found to play a key role in certain adolescent school behaviours and it is widely accepted that it fosters school engagement. On the contrary, more recent theoretical contributions regarding the principal sources and types of social support during adolescence suggest that this relationship may vary. To respond to this gap in the research the aim of the present study is to determine the predictive power of social support for school engagement (behavioural, emotional and cognitive) in accordance with the source (family, friends, and teachers) and type (emotional, material and informational) of the support provided to determine the most influential ones and to test through a structural model the combined statistical effect of both perspectives. Participants were 323 compulsory secondary school students from the Basque Autonomous Community, aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 14.41, SD = 1.18), being 40% boys and 60% girls. Participants completed two questionnaires, one measuring perceived social support and one measuring school engagement. The results of the present study show that perceived support from all sources and all types of support predict at least one of the three dimensions of school engagement. The results also indicate that support from teachers and emotional support were the source and type of support (respectively) that most strongly predicted school engagement, whose combined effect has been tested using SEM methodology. These findings may be particularly useful for designing future educational intervention programmes that seek to foster school engagement through social support. For example, intervention designs focusing on encouraging certain changes in teachers’ practice to foster a learning experience based on closer relations characterised by trust and recognition are suggested.
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Fujino, Haruo, Tsuyoshi Matsumura, Toshio Saito, Harutoshi Fujimura, and Osamu Imura. "Psychological Case Conference Following the Death of a Patient With Neuromuscular Disease: A Source of Emotional Support for Participating Medical Staff." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 5 (2019): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519892413.
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Healthcare professionals involved in the treatment and care of patients with intractable diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, increasingly encounter situations that can elicit emotional distress for them as well as the patients. Therefore, medical professionals also need support. This article describes a psychological case conference of multidisciplinary professionals involved in the treatment of a deceased patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The conference aimed to support medical professionals in reflecting on and sharing their thoughts, feelings, and conflicts. Such a practice could support medical professionals in reflecting patients’ thoughts and sharing their personal experiences with other staff members, which may alleviate emotional and personal conflicts. Reflecting on their interactions and dealings with patients serves this supportive function. Psychological case conferences for medical staff may serve as an opportunity for participants to feel emotionally supported and may perhaps help prevent burnout.
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Ahmed, Ahmed A., Ali A. Almishaal, Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan, et al. "Types and Sources of Social Support Accessible to University Students with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040464.
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University students with disabilities face an increased risk of experiencing negative implications in educational, psychological, and social spheres during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at assessing various dimensions of social support and its sources during the COVID-19 pandemic that availed university students with disabilities. This cross-sectional descriptive study collected data from 53 university students with disabilities. We administered the Social Support Scale (SSC) to assess five dimensions: informational, emotional, esteem, social integration and tangible support, and access to social support from four sources: family, friends, teachers, and colleagues. Multiple regression analysis showed that university students with disabilities mainly relied upon their friends for informational support (β = 0.64; p < 0.001), emotional support (β = 0.52; p < 0.001), and social integration support (β = 0.57; p < 0.001). Family members (β = 0.406; p < 0.01) and colleagues (β = 0.36; p < 0.01) provided esteem support to students with disabilities. Support from teachers demonstrated an association with informational support (β = 0.24; p < 0.05). The findings from the current study suggest that students with disabilities primarily sought informational, emotional, and social integration support from their peers. Although teachers were the primary source of informational support, emotional and esteem support were not found to be significantly associated with them. These findings necessitate exploring the underlying factors and how to enhance them during unusual circumstances such as online distance education and social distancing.
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Ross, Emily J., Chelsea H. Wiener, Diane Robinson, and Jeffrey E. Cassisi. "Optimizing Community and Hospital Services Using the Cancer Support Source Program." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 1 (2018): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373518808309.
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Background: The Cancer Support Community developed the Cancer Support Source (CSS) to assess the needs of cancer patients with distress. Each item on this self-administered questionnaire represents an area of concern which the patient rates and indicates their need for action with a “staff person,” but no details about the category of staff is given. Objective: To examine the factor structure of the CSS and to increase its utility to triage patients for referral to services based on a needs assessment. Methods: Data from 690 patients who completed the CSS over a 1-year period were analyzed. In study 1, an exploratory principal component analysis was conducted. In study 2, the fit of this proposed model was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Three factors were retained in the final CFA: emotional distress, physical health concerns, and resource needs. This model demonstrated adequate fit, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)= 0.056, Comparitive Fit Index (CFI) = .907, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.050. Conclusions: Three factors are proposed as CSS subscales to guide referral and coordinate services: Emotional Distress/Patient and Family Counselor, Physical Health Concerns/Medical Care Provider, and Resource Needs/Case Management-Clinical Social Worker. The clinical utility of these referral subscales should be established with additional research.
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Truelove, Heather Barnes. "Energy source perceptions and policy support: Image associations, emotional evaluations, and cognitive beliefs." Energy Policy 45 (June 2012): 478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.059.
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Mastoras, Sarah M., Donald H. Saklofske, Vicki L. Schwean, and Emma A. Climie. "Social Support in Children With ADHD: An Exploration of Resilience." Journal of Attention Disorders 22, no. 8 (2015): 712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715611491.
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Objective: This study investigated the role of perceived social support in promoting emotional well-being among children with ADHD. Specifically, it examined how children with ADHD perceive support from key individuals in their lives and the relationships between this support and aspects of emotional well-being. Main versus buffering models of social support in the context of social preference status were also explored. Method: Participants were 55 school-age children with ADHD–combined or hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-C/HI). Parent and child ratings evaluated source-specific social support, social status, and aspects of self-concept, anxiety, and depression. Results: Children with ADHD reported lower social support than normative samples. Social support had moderate positive associations with self-concept, with source-specific differences, but was not associated with internalizing symptoms. Regression models with social preference status supported a main effect model of perceived social support. Conclusion: Social support may provide a target for resilience-based interventions among children with ADHD in promoting their self-concept and well-being.
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Choi, Won. "LOCAL FAMILY AND FRIEND TIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN AMONG OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1560.
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Abstract Family members and friends who live nearby are likely valuable sources of support for older adults. At the same time, local family and friend ties may also be a source of strain as spatial proximity to close ties can generate more intense interactions. Using data from Round 3 (2015-2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) (N=3,615), this study examines how local family and friend ties reported in older adults’ social network roster are associated with instrumental and emotional support and social strain among community-dwelling older adults aged 50 and older. Results from ordered logistic regression models show that having a local friend tie is associated with higher levels of instrumental and emotional support from friends and lower levels of instrumental and emotional support from family. Having a local family tie, on the other hand, is associated with higher levels of instrumental support from family and lower levels of emotional support from friends. Having a local family tie is not related to emotional support from family or instrumental support from friends. Results also indicate that having a local friend tie increases the odds of reporting that friends make too many demands (i.e., higher friend strain) whereas having a local family tie is not a predictor of family strain. Together, results suggest that spatial proximity to friends and, to a lesser degree, family members are linked to how older adults experience social support and strain.
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Ritchie, M. "Sources of emotional support for adolescents with cancer." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 18, no. 3 (2001): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jpon.2001.23600.
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Ritchie, Mary Ann. "Sources of Emotional Support for Adolescents With Cancer." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 18, no. 3 (2001): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104345420101800303.
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Almuhtaseb, Mona I. A., Francesca Alby, Cristina Zucchermaglio, and Marilena Fatigante. "Social support for breast cancer patients in the occupied Palestinian territory." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252608.
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Previous research indicates that social support is beneficial to cancer patients in adjusting to the stress of the disease. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews, this article explores sources and types of social support in Arab-Palestinian women with breast cancer. Results show that members of the immediate family, husbands in particular, are reported to be the most supportive social sources. Given the limitations that characterize access to cancer care in the occupied Palestinian territory (OPT) and the collectivistic values of the society, women with breast cancer seem to rely mainly on their husbands to handle emotional, functional and informational needs. Emotional support includes the provision of care, trust, reassurance, and companionship. Functional support includes the practical assistance that the cancer patients receive in terms of financial support, attendance during treatment or help with domestic chores and childcare. Accessing appropriate informational support can be quite challenging in the OPT since available information is not always reliable. The family plays a key role in mediating communication with doctors. Contact with breast cancer patients and survivors is also a source of supporting information, with however a possible negative impact in terms of emotional coping. In this context, the immediate family becomes a fundamental resource for coping and a relational space that mediates connections with others, including doctors, acting as a “proxy” between the patient and the social environment. Findings are discussed in light of the historical and sociocultural context of the OPT.
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Hodges, Matthew, Dawn Butler, Ariel Spaulding, and Debra K. Litzelman. "The Role of Community Health Workers in the Health and Well-Being of Vulnerable Older Adults during the COVID Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 2766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042766.
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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted social support networks as well as resource access for participants. The purpose of this study was to: analyze the experiences of older adults enrolled in a geriatric-focused community health worker (CHW) support program, to gain a better understanding of how CHWs might enhance care delivery, and to further understand how COVID-19 affected the social and emotional needs and well-being of older adults during the first 18 months of the pandemic. Qualitative analysis was performed on notes entered by CHWs based on 793 telephone encounters with 358 participants between March 2020 and August 2021. Analysis was performed by two reviewers independently coding the data. Weighing the benefits of seeing family against the risks of COVID exposure was a source of emotional distress for participants. Our qualitative analysis suggests that CHWs were effective in providing emotional support and connecting participants to resources. CHWs are capable of bolstering the support networks of older adults and carrying out some of the responsibilities conventionally fulfilled by family supports. CHWs addressed participant needs that are frequently unmet by healthcare team members and provided emotional support to participants contributing to health and well-being. CHW assistance can fill gaps in support left by the healthcare system and family support structures.
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Sartor, Teri Ann, and Alexandria C. Cosma. "Assisting Clients and Their Families Cope With Mental Health–Related Stressors of Type 1 Diabetes." Family Journal 25, no. 4 (2017): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480717711107.
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An individual diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) typically relies on medical professionals for support and assistance. The family of the person with T1D is an important source of emotional support. While medical doctors are frequently the primary service provider, counselors may be better equipped to provide the emotional support needed for adjustment. Through acknowledging key aspects of the diagnosis and its symptoms, counselors can support patients with T1D and their families psychologically in the adjustment process.
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Rafi Dwi Kusuma, Indri Heri Susanti, and Wilis Sukmaningtyas. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEER EMOTIONAL SUPPORT AND BURNOUT IN STUDENTS : LITERATURE REVIEW." Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 1, no. 12 (2022): 3649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v1i12.3279.
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Unrelenting and persistent pressure will cause bad effects such as burnout and changes in self-motivation. Some of the effects of burnout on student include the lecture process becoming less effective, such as reraly doing assignment, depression, cheating and irregular sleep patterns. Emotional support in one form of support provided. This study was conducted whit the aim of knowing the description betweeb peer emotional support and burnout in students : Literature Review. The method used in this study is a literature review research method. Objectivity, authenticity of writing and contributions to research are things that mush be considered in the selection of data sources. In this research, the method used is secondary research methodology in the from of Literature Review whit primary source. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcame) approach is an extraction method used in the data collection process. Based on a review of 8 journals that have been reviewed, the results show that thet most influential support is social support. Social support is the support received by aperson from certain individuals who are in his life and are in a certain social environment, this support consists of support for nonverbal and verbal advice or informations, real assistance provided bu other individuals where this social support refers to actions what other individuals do when they ask for help. The higher the social support from peers, the lower the student experience with burnout, and conversely the less social support, the higher the student experience with burnout
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Thrasher, James F., Marci Kramish Campbell, and Veronica Oates. "Behavior-Specific Social Support for Healthy Behaviors Among African American Church Members: Applying Optimal Matching Theory." Health Education & Behavior 31, no. 2 (2004): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198103259184.
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This study used data from 850 African Americans to test optimal matching theory (OMT). OMT predicts that 1) the most important dimensions of social support depend on the controllability of the behavior and 2) different network members often provide support across health behaviors. Data were gathered on social support source for physical activity, healthy diet, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening; perceived levels of informational, instrumental, and emotional support specific to these behaviors; self-efficacy around the behaviors; and engagement in the behaviors. Within individuals, the primary support source varied considerably across the behaviors under consideration. Multivariate models regressing behaviors on dimension-specific support indicated partial support for OMT: Informational support was associated with a healthy diet and CRC screening; instrumental support was associated with a healthy diet and CRC screening; and emotional support was associated with CRC screening and, among women, physical activity. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of developing more effective interventions.
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Sohail, MM, MG Yasin, and S. Ahmad. "A phenomenological account of social sources, coping effects and relational role of social support in nursing among chronic patients with hepatitis." Journal of Research in Nursing 23, no. 1 (2017): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987117736362.
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Social support plays an important role in the nursing of patients at a terminal stage. A literature review explored the influential link of social support in coping with chronic disease, but patients with chronic liver disease have not been studied in this context. The current study examined the lived experiences of social sources of social support, patients’ expectations and the role of social support. Furthermore, it explored the importance of support for patients, coping effect and whose support matters for nursing of terminal chronic liver disease patients. A total of 21 terminally ill patients with chronic liver disease were selected through an appropriate screening process. Subsequently, in-depth detailed interviews were conducted to gather experiences of the hepatitis patients. Researchers fulfilled all the ethical considerations during the process of data collection. Social support exerts multiple beneficial effects that help in coping with chronic diseases of terminally ill patients. It was found that patients with hepatitis expected emotional, instrumental and informational support from social relations. Social support was a source of emotional gratification and a buffer in psychological distress, and helped in enabling a peaceful death for patients with chronic diseases. Among all social sources of support, spousal and child support were the most important for patients.
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Santos, Vanessa da Frota, Samyla Citó Pedrosa, Priscila de Souza Aquino, Ivana Cristina Vieira de Lima, Gilmara Holanda da Cunha, and Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão. "Social support of people with HIV/AIDS: the Social Determinants of Health Model." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 1 (2018): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0346.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the social support of people with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of the Social Determinants of Health Model. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 in an infectious disease outpatient clinic. The sample was made up of 116 people with HIV/AIDS. The data was collected through interviews, using a sociodemographic form and a social support scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Student’s t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to determine the association between social support and the social determinants of health. Results: Total social support was satisfactory, emotional support was influenced by smoking (p=0.0432) and instrumental support, by the number of people in the household (p=0.0003). The main source of instrumental and emotional support was relatives living outside the household, corresponding to 66.7% and 56.1%, respectively. Conclusion: It was found that smokers havelower emotional support and people living alone received less instrumental support.
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Kalashnikova, Irina V., and Ksenia N. Belogai. "Emotional Well-Being of Preschoolers in Extreme Climatic and Geographical Conditions by Means of Ecological and Psychological Support." SibScript 26, no. 2 (2024): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/sibscript-2024-26-2-243-264.
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Emotional well-being of preschool children that live in extreme climatic conditions is difficult to maintain. Emotional well-being is a basis of psychological health that manifests itself as positive emotional states in social environment. It presupposes a stable emotional sphere when interacting with the world, low anxiety, emotional comfort, and adequate self-esteem. Climatic and geographical factors of the Russian Arctic may inhibit the development of the emotional well-being in preschool children. However, some psychological and pedagogical conditions may neutralize the negative impact of environmental factors. They include psycho-emotional monitoring, flexible school interior, and health-saving technologies in the academic process. The authors developed a model of ecological and psychological support for preschool children living in polar regions. It is based on interaction with plants and animals as a source of positive emotions. The model of environmental and psychological support for emotional well-being of preschoolers living in the Russian Arctic justifies the feasibility of health-saving technologies as part of an active cooperation between a preschool institution and a botanical garden.
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Gammon, John, Julian Hunt, and Charles Musselwhite. "The stigmatisation of source isolation: a literature review." Journal of Research in Nursing 24, no. 8 (2019): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987119845031.
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Background Isolation precautions in patients with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and other communicable infectious agents can be associated with adverse effects. Patients’ perspectives of isolation suggest that the imposed environment and procedures create barriers to their physical, social and emotional needs. Aims The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to uncover any reliable evidence supporting the assertion that stigma is a significant characteristic of the experience of source isolation in healthcare settings. Methods The methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley was applied to this review. A total of 14 papers identified from 189 abstracts screened were included in the review. Results The research reviewed suggests a clear association between stigmatisation and isolation in which stigma does have a direct negative effect on patients placed in hospital isolation. None of the studies found evidence to the contrary. Conclusions The implications of this literature review for policy-makers and healthcare professionals suggest that when isolation or other forms of constraint are implemented and in use, patients must be provided with strengthened forms of support, including social and emotional support, and given access to healthcare of optimal quality to prevent the associated adverse effects of isolation as much as possible.
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Johnston, Lynne Halley, and Douglas Carroll. "The Provision of Social Support to Injured Athletes: A Qualitative Analysis." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 7, no. 4 (1998): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.7.4.267.
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Twelve seriously injured athletes were asked to describe the provision of eight functional types of support during their rehabilitation. NUD*IST (Nonnumerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorizing) was used to organize the data. Overall, the provision of social support largely matched demand. Emotional and practical forms of support decreased with time, while varieties of informational support were increasingly received and preferred over time. The provision of informational and emotional support appeared to be dictated by four temporally sequential appraisals: injury severity, rehabilitation progress, recovery/readiness to return, and sports performance. Practical support in the form of personal assistance greatly depended upon the visibility of the injury and the mobility of the injured athlete. Physiotherapists, doctors, and other currently or previously injured athletes were most likely to provide informational support requiring expert medical knowledge, whereas coaches provided informational support requiring sport-specific expertise. Friends and family were the main source of emotional and practical support. The situational and temporal context of the provision of support is represented diagrammatically.
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Kozina, Ana, Masa Vidmar, Manja Veldin, Tina Pivec, and Igor Peras. "The role of emotional competencies in psychological responding to covid-19 pandemic." Psihologija, no. 00 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi200723006k.
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With stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in anxiety and a decrease in overall mental well-being is expected. We investigated the role of emotional competencies (mindfulness and emotional self-efficacy) for psychological responding (mental well-being, general anxiety, and COVID-19 anxiety) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined whether practising mindfulness with inner (meditation-based) and body (yoga-based) exercises supports emotional competencies. Our sample consisted of 364 participants (83.5% females, M = 37.21 years, SD = 12.92 years). Findings showed that emotional competencies are a viable source of support in psychological responses to COVID-19, with Emotional self-efficacy and Accept without judgement playing the strongest roles. Moreover, practising mindfulness was shown to foster several aspects of emotional competencies (i.e., Observe, Describe, and Emotional self-efficacy). There is an ambiguous finding regarding Observe scale that was also found problematic in other studies. The implications for possible interventions are discussed.
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Phillips, Judith Robertson R. "IMPACT OF INFORMAL AND FORMAL SOCIAL NETWORKS DURING A WILDFIRE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL RECOVERY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1435.
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Abstract Having the support of a social network can play an important role towards psychological well-being for those impacted by a disaster. The purpose of this study was to investigate how type (emotional, tangible, informational) and source (family, friends, others) of social support during three Southern California wildfires impacted the psychological well-being of three victim-groups (based on severity of exposure) of community-residing adults (N= 203; meanage = 63.4 years; range 50-94 years) who responded to surveys about their experiences during the 2007, 2014, and 2017 northern San Diego County, CA wildfires. Analyses revealed that emotional social support from friends and neighbors was the most frequently received type and source of support, especially for the primary victim-group, those with residential loss. All victim-groups exhibited healthy psychological well-being. Discussion will focus on how informal groups differed and were similar to formal groups in providing social support during a disaster to encourage psychological recovery.
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Ruiz-Rodríguez, Iván, Isabel Hombrados-Mendieta, Anabel Melguizo-Garín, and Mª José Martos-Méndez. "The Association of Sources of Support, Types of Support and Satisfaction with Support Received on Perceived Stress and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients." Integrative Cancer Therapies 20 (January 2021): 153473542199490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735421994905.
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Introduction: The aim of the present study is to carry out a multidimensional analysis of the relationship of social support with quality of life and the stress perceived by cancer patients. Methods: The participants were 200 patients with cancer. Data was gathered on sociodemographic characteristics, health, quality of life, social support and perceived stress. Results: Frequency of and satisfaction with different sources and types of support are related positively with improvement of quality of life and negatively with perceived stress. The emotional support from the partner and the emotional and informational support from the family are significant predictors of quality of life. Emotional support from the family reduces patients’ perceived stress. Satisfaction with emotional support from the partner and with the informational support from friends and family increases quality of life. Satisfaction with emotional support from the family and with informational support from friends decreases patients’ perceived stress. Instrumental support and support provided by health professionals are not good predictors of quality of life and perceived stress. Satisfaction with the support received is more significantly related with quality of life and stress than the frequency with which the sources provide support. Conclusions: These results have important practical implications to improve cancer patients’ quality of life and reduce their perceived stress through social support. Designing intervention strategies to improve satisfaction with the support provided to patients by their closest networks results in a global benefit for the patient’s quality of life.
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Hinterhuber, Andreas, and Juanli Hu. "From Viewers to Buyers." Journal of Global Information Management 33, no. 1 (2025): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.370563.
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This study investigates the drivers of customer engagement in e-commerce livestreaming, examining the roles of livestreamer attributes and of community support. With data from 532 Chinese livestreaming customers, we examine the effects of livestreamer credibility and attractiveness, together with informational and emotional support from the community, on customer engagement. Findings reveal that livestreamer credibility is the only positive driver of customer engagement. Emotional support from the community reduces engagement. Livestreamer attractiveness and credibility enhance emotional and informational support within the community, respectively, but neither type of support positively influences customer engagement. These results challenge assumptions about the uniformly beneficial nature of community interactions and underscore the pivotal role of livestreamer credibility in driving engagement. The study contributes to theoretical frameworks on customer engagement and on source credibility models offering actionable insights for e-commerce livestreaming platforms.
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Pierce, Kayla D. R., and Christopher S. Quiroz. "Who matters most? Social support, social strain, and emotions." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 10 (2018): 3273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518817400.
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This research investigates the way in which social support and social strain stemming from spouses, children, and friends have different impacts on emotional states. While previous studies have compared the relative impact of different sources, our research builds upon these studies by (1) comparing various close network ties and (2) leveraging longitudinal data to investigate the causal links between support and strain from different sources and emotional states over time. We analyze individuals who have a spouse, a child, and friends across three waves of the Americans’ Changing Lives data. Although we find that social support and strain from all three sources are associated with emotional states, this relationship is not always causal. In the majority of cases, the same people who experience support or strain in their relationships are also more likely to experience more positive or negative emotional states, respectively. Only spousal interactions and child-based strain have a direct causal effect on emotional states.
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Noujaim, Deborah, Richard H. Fortinsky, and Lisa C. Barry. "The Relationship Between Emotional Support and Health-Related Self-Efficacy in Older Prisoners." Journal of Aging and Health 31, no. 3 (2017): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317733363.
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Objective: To determine whether emotional support, and proportion of emotional support provided by specific sources (e.g., family, other prisoners, clinicians), is associated with health-related self-efficacy among older prisoners. Method: Cross-sectional study of 140 older prisoners age ≥50 with chronic medical illness who completed face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression, controlling for demographic, incarceration, and clinical/behavioral factors evaluated the association between emotional support, operationalized as a score and as a proportion of total emotional support from specific sources, and health-related self-efficacy. Results: Higher emotional support scores, and greater proportion of support from clinicians, were associated with lower likelihood of poor health-related self-efficacy. Those with >50% of their emotional support coming from other prisoners had higher likelihood of poor self-efficacy. Discussion: Among older prisoners with chronic illness, higher emotional support, particularly from clinicians, is associated with lower likelihood of poor self-efficacy; relying on other prisoners for emotional support is associated with poor health-related self-efficacy.
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Jennings, Elyse A., Nolwazi Mkhwanazi, and Lisa Berkman. "Receipt of emotional support among rural South African adults." Ageing and Society 40, no. 5 (2018): 1039–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001526.
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AbstractAs the world undergoes rapid ageing, informal support from friends and relatives is becoming especially important among older adults in middle- and low-income countries, where formalised social protections may be limited. We use new data from a cohort of adults aged 40 and older in rural South Africa to explore how receipt of emotional support differs by gender and marital status. Our findings suggest that women are more likely to get emotional support than men and have more sources of support. Moreover, women are more likely to get emotional support from relatives, whereas men are more likely to get support from friends. In regard to marital status, married people are more likely to get emotional support and have more sources of support than people who are not married. However, separated/divorced and widowed people are more likely to get emotional support from relatives and have more sources of non-spousal support than married people. These findings point towards gaps in informal systems of support, and the particular importance of considering men and unmarried (especially never-married) people when designing policies to offer social protections to older populations.
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Campbell, Kristen, and Kevin B. Wright. "On‐line support groups: An investigation of relationships among source credibility, dimensions of relational communication, and perceptions of emotional support." Communication Research Reports 19, no. 2 (2002): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824090209384846.
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Lewinsohn, Rebecca M., Catherine Benedict, Mary Smith, Heidi Boynton, Lidia Schapira, and Stephanie M. Smith. "Social support dynamics within parent-AYA cancer survivor dyads in a rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged, majority Hispanic/Latino region." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): 10071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10071.
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10071 Background: Childhood cancer survivors and their parents often face psychological, financial, and informational challenges as survivors transition to adolescent/young adult (AYA) age, which can be exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities. Social support can positively impact the trajectory of AYA survivors and their parents by facilitating post-traumatic growth and wellbeing and reducing psychological distress. The aim of this study was to examine social support dynamics within AYA-parent dyads by comparing their support needs and gaps. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in collaboration with a community-based organization (CBO) serving a predominately socioeconomically disadvantaged, Hispanic/Latino (H/L), and rural population of families affected by childhood cancer in California. English- and Spanish-speaking AYA childhood cancer survivors (≥15 years old, ≥5 years from diagnosis) and parents were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively using applied thematic analysis. Results: Seven AYA-parent dyads (6 H/L) participated in the study. AYAs (6 male, 1 female) were median (min-max) age 19 (16-23) and 14 years post diagnosis (6-17). Parents (1 male, 6 female) were predominantly Spanish-speaking (5/7). Forms of social support fell into emotional, instrumental (i.e. tangible assistance such as financial help), and informational domains. Although family and faith were shared sources of emotional support for parents and AYAs, parents were more likely to discuss fractured family support structures and unmet emotional needs. In contrast AYAs universally identified their parents as consistent sources of emotional support. Parents also more commonly discussed gaps in instrumental support, which were exacerbated by being a single parent and lacking a local extended family network after immigrating to the United States. Parents were frequently the primary source of informational support for their children and AYAs often lacked knowledge regarding their cancer diagnosis and treatment course. Two AYAs expressed ambivalence about receiving more survivorship-focused information due to it bringing up negative emotions around fear of recurrence. Parents frequently expressed worry about their child’s readiness to transition to adult care. Conclusions: Parents experienced gaps in emotional and instrumental social support that were not noted by AYAs, suggesting that parents protected their children from these experiences. Parents continued to serve as primary sources of informational support for AYAs even as they transitioned out of pediatric care. Our findings demonstrate the opportunity to build upon supportive parent-AYA relationships through dyad-focused education and counseling, which may improve readiness to transition to adult-focused survivorship care.
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Ben-Ari, Adital. "Sources of Social Support and Attachment Styles among Israeli Arab Students." International Social Work 47, no. 2 (2004): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872804041413.
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This study identifies patterns of utilization of social support among Israeli Arab students.The sample consisted of 64 Arab students. Findings show that Arab students distinguish between emotional and instrumental support and allocate sources of support accordingly. Emotional support is sought within the social network and instrumental support is sought within the family.
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Prochnow, Tyler, Bobbie Johannes, Selena Ortiz, and Matthew Smith. "Mapping Social Support Sources for Rural Patients with Chronic Illness." Health Behavior and Policy Review 11, no. 2 (2024): 1504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.11.2.2.
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Objective: In this study, we evaluated social support sources for rural residents with chronic conditions and examined associations between support sources and self-reported health status. Methods: Adults in rural zip codes across the United States (N = 183; 48.6% female) participated in an online survey. Chronic disease status was determined through participant self-report of prior medical diagnoses. Support sources were elicited using scenarios that require illness assistance or emotional support. Self-rated physical and mental health were measured using 5-point Likert scales. Chi-square tests examined gender differences in preferred sources of social support. Ordinal logistic regressions assessed predictors of self-rated health status, including support source preferences. Results: Family and friends were found to be primary sources of social support for rural residents managing illness. Women tended to rely more heavily on close family members whereas men were open to more diverse sources. Gender differences were statistically significant (χ2(4) = 20.66, p < .001). Those relying on close friends rather than family when sick also reported better physical health (B = 1.79, Wald = 4.91, p = .02). Conclusion: Findings indicate informal social ties are central for the health of rural populations. Gender differences in help-seeking patterns may necessitate tailored chronic disease interventions. Fostering community linkages and leveraging natural supports will be vital for addressing rural health disparities.
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Nagelhout, Elizabeth S., Lauri A. Linder, Tara Austin, et al. "Social Media Use Among Parents and Caregivers of Children With Cancer." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 35, no. 6 (2018): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454218795091.
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Social media as an effective source of information and support among parents and other caregivers of children with cancer has not been explored. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe caregivers’ reasons for using social media, social media sites used, and predictors of social media usage. This study sample included 215 caregivers (96% parents) of children with cancer receiving cancer-related care at a tertiary children’s hospital in the Intermountain West. Most of caregivers (74%) reported using social media in relation to their child’s cancer and reported using social media to provide and receive support and information about their child’s diagnosis or treatment. Our findings suggest that social media could be a delivery platform for future interventions seeking to meet the informational and emotional needs of caregivers of children with cancer. An awareness of how parents and caregivers of children receiving cancer-related treatment use social media can help nurses understand their ongoing informational and emotional needs. Nurses can also support parents and caregivers in selecting reputable sources of support that are accessible via social media.
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Madjar, Nora. "Emotional and informational support from different sources and employee creativity." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 81, no. 1 (2008): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317907x202464.
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Palamarchuk, Olha, and Inna Chukhrii. "PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT AND EMOTIONAL BALANCE RECOVERY FOR CHILDREN IN THE PROCESS OF EXPERIENCING TRAUMATIC EVENTS." Personality and environmental issues 3, no. 4 (2024): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.31652/2786-6033-2024-3(4)-31-37.
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The article discusses the importance of psychological support in restoring emotional balance for children who have experienced traumatic events. It highlights the role of timely and qualified psychological assistance in helping children adapt to difficult circumstances that arise after traumatic experiences such as violence, natural disasters, or military conflicts. It is outlined that one of the key aspects of a child's stability is supportive relationships with close family members, particularly parents. The article describes how age, individual traits, the level of emotional support, and social adaptation directly influence the child's response and ability to cope with stress. It also analyzes the main psychotherapeutic methods used to process traumatic experiences, including play therapy, art therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Special attention is given to the interaction between psychologists and parents in the process of the child's recovery. It is noted that the importance of family support combined with professional help from specialists is a key factor in ensuring the effective restoration of emotional balance in children. Psychologists provide specialized therapeutic support that helps children process traumatic experiences, develop self-regulation skills, and regain a sense of security. At the same time, parents are the main source of emotional support, and their understanding and compassionate attitude play a decisive role in the healing process.
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Valentina, Tience Debora, Firmanto Adi Nurcahyo, and Dewi Puri Astiti. "Source of anxiety and coping strategy in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia." MEDIAPSI 9, no. 1 (2023): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2023.009.01.874.
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This research was conducted to explore the source of anxiety and coping strategy of youth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. A qualitative survey was conducted online with 365 young people aged 15-23 year. Six themes arise in this study that show sources of anxiety of young people, namely: a) fear of being infected with the COVID-19, b) uncertainty about the future, c) social relation problems, d) academic-related anxiety, e) family economic problems, f) exposure to information on cases of COVID-19 infection. We also found eight coping strategies to deal with anxiety, namely religious coping, active coping, making meaning, seeking emotional support, optimism, avoidance, emotional regulation, and exercises. The findings implied that young people develop religiosity and in combination with other coping strategies to endure the unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19. This finding implies that psychological interventions should address religious coping to help young people to cope with various sources of anxiety during stressful life events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Meyer, Kylie, Sara Masoud, Ashlie Glassner, et al. "13623 Daily relationship between social connectedness and health behaviors among dementia family caregivers." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.651.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Knowledge of which aspects of social connectedness most strongly associate with caregiver health and health behaviors can inform intervention targets to improve caregiver health OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Stressed dementia caregivers are at risk of poor health. Social connectedness may reduce adverse health effects, yet it is unknown about which aspects relate most strongly to health. This is a barrier to intervention development. Our study identifies aspects of social connectedness most strongly associate with caregivers’ daily health behaviors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data. Enrolled spousal caregivers completed 14 consecutive days of online surveys. Measures. We examined multiple health behaviors each day, which included: 1) number of occurrences of 3 potential binge-eating behaviors (range 0 to 30), 2) whether participants engaged in at least 30 minutes of physical activity, and 3) perceived sleep quality, rated 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good). We also examined a count of health symptoms caregivers experienced (e.g., backache; range: 0 to 7). Measures of social connectedness included: spousal emotional support, perceived spousal appreciation, emotional support from any source, and loneliness. Analysis. We applied bivariate multi-level mixed effects models to examine the association between each aspect of social connectedness and health behaviors day-to-day. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Since November 2020, 5 of N=40 participants were enrolled, of whom 3 had completed all diary surveys. Participants were women ages 59 to 73, and included 4 non-Hispanic white and 1 Hispanic caregivers. Data included 51 days of surveys (93% adherence). No differences in eating behaviors nor physical activity according to social connectedness were found. Emotional support from any source was positively associated with sleep quality (B= 0.20; SE=0.08; p-value 0.015). On days when caregivers indicated their spouse appreciated them ‘A lot’ versus ‘Not at all,’ sleep quality was marginally better (B=0.73, SE=0.42; p-value-0.08). Finally, days when caregivers felt lonely at least ‘Some of the time’ versus ‘Not at all’ were associated with experiencing more adverse health symptoms (B=1.54; SE=0.58; p-value<0.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Improved emotional support from any source may support better sleep quality among caregiving spouses, while loneliness appears to contribute to more adverse health symptoms. Findings, if confirmed, can be translated to develop intervention programs that target loneliness and perceived emotional support among caregivers.
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Bukhari, Syeda Razia, Nargis Aftab Alam, Azra Batool, et al. "Perceived Organizational Support Predicts Emotional Labor Among Nurses." Asian Social Science 16, no. 2 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n2p68.
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Background: Nursing is among the various occupations that require management of emotions according to the job demands. Emotional labor and lack of reward are the main sources of mental health outcomes among the nurses. It is very important that more researches, which contemplate the emotional labor importance and unfavorable mental health effects, be carried out. 
 Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perceived organizational Support on emotional labor among nurses.
 Method: The present study was a correlational study, consist of 200 nurses both Male nurses (N=100) and Females nurses (N=100), from different hospitals and clinics. Age ranged from 20 to 51 years (M= 30.50; S.D= 4.40). Data of the study was collected through convenient sampling technique. Participants were assessed by Shorten Version of Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al, 1986) in order to measure perceived organizational support and Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (D-QEL) (Näring, Briët, & Brouwers, 2007) in order to assess emotional labor. 
 Results: The results revealed that perceived organizational support significantly predicts emotional labor. By improving the perception of organizational support among nurses, the experience of emotional labor can be reduced. 
 Conclusion: The purpose of the present study was to develop a health-care model of emotional labor which could help the organizations to understand the role of perceived organizational support on the reactions to the strain of the emotional labor. The present study revealed that perceived organizational support is a significant predictor of emotional labor. Informal types of organizational support (e.g., a perception that the organization is concerned with one's personal life) are important for expatriate success, and should be incorporated into expatriate programs.
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Wu, Yang, Laura E. Schulz, Michael C. Frank, and Hyowon Gweon. "Emotion as Information in Early Social Learning." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 6 (2021): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214211040779.
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The majority of research on infants’ and children’s understanding of emotional expressions has focused on their abilities to use emotional expressions to infer how other people feel. However, an emerging body of work suggests that emotional expressions support rich, powerful inferences not just about emotional states but also about other unobserved states, such as hidden events in the physical world and mental states of other people (e.g., beliefs and desires). Here we argue that infants and children harness others’ emotional expressions as a source of information for learning about the physical and social world broadly. This “emotion as information” framework integrates affective, developmental, and computational cognitive sciences, extending the scope of signals that count as “information” in early learning.
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Sari, Penti Yunita, and Siti Aisyah. "Parental Anxiety with Emotional Development in Children." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 7, no. 3 (2025): 909–15. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v7i3.2354.
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This study examines the factors of emotional development in children through a literature review. The main focus is to evaluate what factors influence emotional development in children. The methodology used is a literature review from several relevant sources. Data retrieval using article search techniques through the Researchgate database, Google Scholar, and Google Search with the keywords used self-esteem. The data analysis technique used is a Systematic Literature Review. The findings show that emotional development in children is influenced by several factors, namely parental support factors, family environment, and parenting patterns. Emotional development in children will be optimal if they get support from their parents, a conducive family environment that supports every child's growth and development, and appropriate parenting patterns for children.