Journal articles on the topic 'ACM typology'

Plusieurs auteurs ont décrit de façon détaillée les problèmes liés à la position des pronoms objets clitiques du roumain contemporain. Nous nous référons notamment aux inventaires systématiques de A. Lombard (1972), de M. Manoliu (1968) et de M. Iliescu (1975), à l'approche typologique romane de A. Niculescu (1973), aux études contrastives de R. Marinescu (1974 e.a.), et surtout à la dissertation de J. Bredemeier (1976), qui s'inspire de la thèse de D. Perlmutter, selon lequel les clitiques romans obéissent à des contraintes de surface (SurJ ace Structure Constraints).

In the paper, the theory of John L. Austin’s speech acts is juxtaposed with the theory of crime functioning in the Polish criminal law science. The aim of the study was to answer the question whether silence in the light of criminal law can be understood as equivalent to an act of speech, which is at the same time a criminal act, and therefore has negative legal consequences for the perpetrator. The defi nition of the framework for the criminal law performativity of silence was based on an analysis of a fundamental act of criminal law in Poland – the Criminal Code of 1997. Then an attempt was made to create a typology of crimes of silence penalised in this Code. The paper emphasises the role of silence as a fully autonomous executive form of crimes, and thus its importance from the perspective of the society and the state.

Dynamic testing has increasingly been recognized as a measure of neurocognitive modifiability. For instance, executive function deficits as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) can be ameliorated in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients by integrating instructions and feedback into the testing procedure. In the first study reported herein, we investigated the relation between learning typology on the WCST and chronicity in 60 first-episode patients and 44 patients with chronic schizophrenia. We found that nonretainer categorization of WCST performance is not related to chronic schizophrenia. In the second study, we investigated the relationship between learning potential on the WCST and cerebral metabolism, assessed by single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in 43 schizophrenic patients and 37 matched healthy control subjects. The level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, in the DLPFC correlated with performance on the dynamic WCST in healthy subjects. In schizophrenic patients, a significant correlation was observed between NAA in the ACC and learning potential (cf. Ohrmann et al., 2008). These data suggest the involvement of different neuronal networks in learning among schizophrenic patients as compared to healthy controls.

Abstract The road pollutant emissions, above all in urban context, are correlated to many infrastructural parameters and to traffic intensity and typology. The research work on road junction geometry, carried out in European research centres, has recently allowed to design new road intersection types which are of undoubted interest, especially in terms of traffic functionality and safety, like the flower roundabouts (in which right-turn manoeuvres do not conflict with the circulating flow). The main objective of this paper is to propose a model for the estimation the capacity, delay, levels of service and the pollutant emissions into flower roundabouts. A comparative analysis between conventional roundabout and flower roundabout has been carried out in terms of CO, CO2, CH4, NO, PM2,5 and PM10 vehicular emissions, evaluated by mean of COPERT Software which is developed as a European tool for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector.

The dynamics of rural human-environment systems in developing countries have increasingly been attracting attention. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a valuable simulation tool for detecting complex feedback loops in rural human-environment systems with a ‘bottom-up’ approach. However, such models require the prerequisite analysis of household typology to simulate households’ decision-making process, where a gap exists between having accurate classification criteria and a simplified modeling framework. This study aimed to develop a household typology for two selected counties in southwest China based on multivariate analysis techniques and the classification tree method. Four categories of socioeconomic variables, including labor conditions, resource endowments, economic status, and social connections, were screened as possible factors impacting agriculture practice decisions. The results showed that household diversification in the study area was mainly determined by diversified livelihood strategies of off-farm work, livestock breeding, subsidy dependence, and traditional planting. Five distinct household types were identified: non-farm households, part-time households, livestock breed households, subsidized households, and traditional planting households. The household types were associated with specific cropland use behaviors, and their decision-making behaviors were verified with bounded rationality theory (where the maximization of profits is the primary goal). The quantitative classification criteria obtained in this study were clear and could be easily identified and used by ABMs. Our study provides a basis for further simulation of the complicated rural human-environment systems in southwest China.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted aspects that require greater attention in residential buildings, especially in social housing developments. For example, thermal comfort and air renewal, play an important role in the environmental quality of housing and control of spreading pathogens, including coronavirus. The challenge is adequately providing these attributes in Brazilian social housing (SH) as naturally ventilated buildings where predominantly low-income families live. Considering it, a study was developed using computational simulation to evaluate the interaction between the indicators of thermal comfort (using the adaptive model) and air renewal (in air changes per hour - ACH) in a horizontal semi-detached typology of social housing provided by the Brazilian government program Minha Casa, Minha Vida, located in Uberlândia city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Ventilated roofs, variable window opening patterns, effective ventilation areas, and horizontal window shadings were the behavioral and physical interventions suggested to comparative analyses according to their performance to the indicators. The paper aims to present and discuss the main results obtained in terms of positive trends for the analyzed indicators’ performance and for the typology and location studied, seeking the achievement of better ventilated and thermally comfortable habitats. Additionally, a brief study on the most appropriate adaptive thermal comfort model for studies in the city of Uberlândia is presented, contributing to the future performance of more accurate thermal comfort analyses in SH, aiming at more assertive and resilient provision of guidances for renovations.

According to the results of the study, it found that in the upper reaches of the Malka River, the most common is the group of birch forests with tallgrass vegetation cover, including Betuletum calamagrostioso-herbosum. Smaller areas occupied by group of complex herbaceous birch forests, represented by Pineto-betuletum calamagrostioso-herbosum and a group of pine forests with herbrich vegetation cover, including Pinetum calamagrostioso-herbosum. Forest stands are mainly singlestorey, medium and low-density, bonitet classes II-IV. The floristic composition of the Malka River basin forests includes 101 species from 68 genera and 38 families. Forest ecosystems of the study area are home to four species of vascular plants included in the list of protected taxa of the KabardinoBalkarian Republic: Betula raddeana Trautv, Vaccinium myrtillus L., V. vitis-idaea L., Allium victorialis L. Among protected lichen species, we found – Leptogium burnetiae C. W. Dodge, Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.), Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl.), Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. and Usnea florida (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. The article analyzes the geographic spectrum of the forest flora of vascular plants and lichens, including 12 geographic elements, with the boreal geoelement predominating. The lichen flora dominated by boreal geoelements.

Le déficit des sujets périnatals et des nourrissons pose deux interrogations lors des reconstitutions paléodémographiques : l'une sur les pratiques funéraires autour des tout-petits et notamment la précarité de leur sépulture et l'autre sur leur conservation osseuse, en relation directe avec la spécificité squelettique de ces sujets. En effet il y a dislocation des pièces osseuses avec la disparition des points d'ossification. De plus, les effets d'une architecture funéraire conservée ou non et l'empreinte des derniers gestes sur le cadavre sont des données qui entrent dans la discussion sur le mode de décomposition. La présente étude s'appuie sur la fouille minutieuse en laboratoire de quatre sépultures de nouveau-nés sous tuiles canal, et l'analyse des relevés d'un cimetière médiéval à Blandy-les-Tours et des photographies zénithales de tombes à Saint-Rémy-Montlouis. La persistance différentielle des connexions articulaires dans des contextes donnés marqués par l'empreinte des pratiques funéraires sur les vestiges humains a été examinée par analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM). Les résultats sont en étroite relation avec la typologie des articulations indépendamment du milieu de décomposition, a contrario de la variable du traitement du corps.

In order to research the age-related specifics of self-regulation among the employees of Federal Penitentiary Service (FPS) of Russia, we conducted an empirical study on a sample of 40 male professionals aged 25-49 (average age was 35.20±7.41 years). Our diagnostic toolset was comprised of the following: Behavior Self-regulation Style Inventory (Moro-sanova V.I., 1999), Self-control Questionnaire (H. Grasmick, 1993, adapted by Bulygina V.G., Abdrazyakova A.M., 2010), BIS/BAS questionnaire (Carver C.S., White T.L., 1994, standardized by Knyazev G.G., Slobodskaya Ye.R., 2007). The empirical data were ana-lyzed using statistical treatment, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis (Pearson’s r). The study of the age-related parameters of the subjects’ conscious self-regulation revealed that the number of links between one’s self-regulation parameters and one’s individual typolog-ical characteristics decreases (with age).

The European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) includes biological assessment of water bodies that has been implemented for many years. Indicator organisms such as diatoms respond to geological and hydrological features of rivers by modifying their structure. Therefore, when implementing the WFD, it was necessary to establish type-specific reference conditions to be able to measure the deviations of sampled communities due to anthropogenic impact.HTS-related eDNA metabarcoding has been developed to complement or even replace traditional approaches for its rapid, low-cost and highly accurate identification of communities for assessment of rivers' ecological status (e.g. Mortágua et al., 2019; Pérez-Burillo et al. 2020) and proved to provide even more in-depth information about biological elements. The use of this information without assignment to species is being addressed once it eliminates the limiting factor of the reference database incompleteness and may provide new ecological information (e.g. Feio et al., 2020; Rivera et al., 2020).Since WFD requires the establishment of reference conditions for each water body type, for eDNA methods' implementation it will be essential to review, confirm or reformulate, and perhaps create new typologies. Hereupon, the aim of this study is to analyze diatom communities from different typologies of Portuguese rivers resulting from DNA metabarcoding data and compare it with current typology system. To do so, we will verify the consistency of biological groups included in each type, validate the molecular data, analyze the correspondence of OTU/ISU/ESV to environmental characteristics of rivers.A total of 154 sampling sites were selected from central Portugal and northern Portugal in 2017 and 2019. The biofilm was collected for morphological identification and DNA sequencing of diatoms. Reference sites were selected for 4 river types (mountain, littoral, small and medium-large northern rivers) based on a set of pressure information (water quality, hydromorphology, land use and riparian zones). Diatom inventories were obtained from molecular and morphological analysis. DNA sequences were treated using Mothur software which processed two bioinformatic strategies in order to obtain the final ISU and OTU tables, while ESVs were treated with DADA2 package from R. Identification and counting of diatom valves took place under the light microscope concerning the morphological approach.We expect results to validate the molecular data for each typology either when assigning to species or not, and to understand whether it is necessary to establish new typologies for future use of the molecular approach in ecological assessment of rivers. Directive, W. F. (2000). Water Framework Directive. Journal reference OJL, 327, 1-73.Feio, M. J., Serra, S. R., Mortágua, A., Bouchez, A., Rimet, F., Vasselon, V., &amp; Almeida, S. F. P. (2020). A taxonomy-free approach based on machine learning to assess the quality of rivers with diatoms. Science of the Total Environment, 722, 137900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137900Mortágua, A., Vasselon, V., Oliveira, R., Elias, C., Chardon, C., Bouchez, A., ... &amp; Almeida, S. F. P. (2019). Applicability of DNA metabarcoding approach in the bioassessment of Portuguese rivers using diatoms. Ecological indicators, 106, 105470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105470Pérez-Burillo, J., Trobajo, R., Vasselon, V., Rimet, F., Bouchez, A., &amp; Mann, D. G. (2020). Evaluation and sensitivity analysis of diatom DNA metabarcoding for WFD bioassessment of Mediterranean rivers. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138445Rivera, S. F., Vasselon, V., Bouchez, A., &amp; Rimet, F. (2020). Diatom metabarcoding applied to large scale monitoring networks: Optimization of bioinformatics strategies using Mothur software. <em>Ecological indicators</em>, <em>109</em>, 105775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105775

The article deals a complete handwritten catalogue of the collection of paintings of Vice-Chancellor A.M. Golitzin — one of the largest private art collections in Russia, created at the same time as the imperial collection in the second half of the 18th century. The catalogue is keeping in the Department of manuscripts of the Hermitage Museum. This document is shown in the comparison with other catalogues of the collections of painting, which existed in Russia in the 18th century: it is defined its typology, analyzed the text of the descriptions of the paintings; the stages and chronological frames of the text of the catalogue are determined; it is revealed the value of the catalogue as a document of the epoch that allows to reconstruct collection and to identify paintings based on analysis of descriptions of paintings, auction catalogues of sales of the collection and research in the provenance of works in museums’ collections. The article presents 14 identified paintings from the collection of A.M. Golitzin. В статье рассматривается рукописный полный каталог коллекции живописи вице-канцлера А.М. Голицына, одного из крупнейших частных художественных собраний России, создававшихся одновременно с императорским собранием во второй половине XVIII века. Каталог, хранящийся в отделе рукописей Эрмитажа, показан в сравнении с другими каталогами собраний живописи, существовавшими в России XVIII века. Определяется его типология, анализируется текст описаний картин, устанавливаются этапы и хронологические рамки создания текста каталога, раскрывается ценность каталога как документа эпохи, позволяющего на основе анализа описаний картин, аукционных каталогов распродажи коллекции и исследования происхождения работ в музейных собраниях идентифицировать картины и реконструировать коллекцию. В статье представлено 14 выявленных картин из коллекции А.М. Голицына.

AbstractUrban complex scenarios are the most challenging situations in the field of Autonomous Driving (AD). In that sense, an AD pipeline should be tested in countless environments and scenarios, escalating the cost and development time exponentially with a physical approach. In this paper we present a validation of our fully-autonomous driving architecture using the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) protocol in the CARLA simulator, focusing on the analysis of our decision-making module, based on Hierarchical Interpreted Binary Petri Nets (HIBPN). First, the paper states the importance of using hyper-realistic simulators, as a preliminary help to real test, as well as an appropriate design of the traffic scenarios as the two current keys to build safe and robust AD technology. Second, our pipeline is introduced, which exploits the concepts of standard communication in robotics using the Robot Operating System (ROS) and the Docker approach to provide the system with isolation, flexibility and portability, describing the main modules and approaches to perform the navigation. Third, the CARLA simulator is described, outlining the steps carried out to merge our architecture with the simulator and the advantages to create ad-hoc driving scenarios for use cases validation instead of just modular evaluation. Finally, the architecture is validated using some challenging driving scenarios such as Pedestrian Crossing, Stop, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Unexpected Pedestrian. Some qualitative (video files: Simulation Use Cases) and quantitative (linear velocity and trajectory splitted in the corresponding HIBPN states) results are presented for each use case, as well as an analysis of the temporal graphs associated to the Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) cases, validating our architecture in simulation as a preliminary stage before implementing it in our real autonomous electric car.

AbstractWe present SENTiVENT, a corpus of fine-grained company-specific events in English economic news articles. The domain of event processing is highly productive and various general domain, fine-grained event extraction corpora are freely available but economically-focused resources are lacking. This work fills a large need for a manually annotated dataset for economic and financial text mining applications. A representative corpus of business news is crawled and an annotation scheme developed with an iteratively refined economic event typology. The annotations are compatible with benchmark datasets (ACE/ERE) so state-of-the-art event extraction systems can be readily applied. This results in a gold-standard dataset annotated with event triggers, participant arguments, event co-reference, and event attributes such as type, subtype, negation, and modality. An adjudicated reference test set is created for use in annotator and system evaluation. Agreement scores are substantial and annotator performance adequate, indicating that the annotation scheme produces consistent event annotations of high quality. In an event detection pilot study, satisfactory results were obtained with a macro-averaged $$F_1$$ F 1 -score of $$59\%$$ 59 % validating the dataset for machine learning purposes. This dataset thus provides a rich resource on events as training data for supervised machine learning for economic and financial applications. The dataset and related source code is made available at https://osf.io/8jec2/.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), defined as exposure to abuse and adverse household events, are prevalent among certain offenders including those who commit intimate partner violence (IPV). However, it is not clear how ACEs relate to criminal propensity among IPV offenders, who have been shown to exhibit less antisociality and institutional violence than other offenders. We compared 99 male offenders with a current or previous offense of IPV with 233 non-IPV violent offenders and 103 nonviolent offenders undergoing institutional forensic assessment. This convenience sample allowed for use of extensive psychosocial records as well as study of institutional violence. IPV offenders had the highest mean ACE score and more extensive criminal propensity on some measures (violent and nonviolent criminal history and psychopathy) than both other groups. ACEs were associated with most measures of criminal propensity in the whole sample but with only one (actuarial risk of violent recidivism) in the subsample of IPV offenders. Finding that ACEs are prevalent among IPV offenders even in this sample with extensive mental illness demonstrates the robustness of this phenomenon. IPV offenders, though, are similar to other violent offenders in this respect, and there is insufficient evidence that ACEs represent a criminogenic need among IPV offenders specifically. Further research could draw from the batterer typology literature and attend to IPV offenders’ broader criminal careers.

This article restores the dialogical link between the Nouveau Plan de Bruxelles Industriel avec ses Suburbains, published on the occasion of the 1910 Industrial Exhibition (Verwest, Vanderoost, &amp;amp; Xhardez, 1910a), and the Inventaire Visuel de L’architecture Industrielle de L’agglomération de Bruxelles, produced by Maurice Culot and the team at the Archives d’Architecture Moderne (AAM) between 1980–1982 (Culot &amp;amp; the AMM, 1980–1982). These two kinds of spatialised visual inventories of places dedicated to production brings out a layer of the Brussels palimpsest filled with information that goes beyond the categories of permanence, persistence and disappearance raised by André Corboz and Alain Leveillé’s cartographic implementation of the palimpsest theory in the Atlas du Territoire Genevois (Corboz, 1993). This article compares palimpsest theory as applied to Geneva to the practice of inventory in Brussels. We propose visualising a lisuel layer intended as a visual reading revealed through a process of description, extraction, classification and juxtaposition. This process of visual analysis helps construct a typology of manufacturing production whose traces are embedded in urban space. It shows how a cartographic document informs the 1910 urban project and how local manufacturing companies contributed to its implementation. The contribution of this cartographic investigation is threefold. It concerns forms of manufacturing companies, forms of living, and production of urban space in 1910 Brussels. The Brussels Industrial Exhibition and the spatial story of Louis De Waele’s public works company reveals two patterns of relationships between industrial production and the transformation of urban space.

Mediterranean architecture is considered the predecessor of the modern concept of “bioclimatic” sustainable design due to its climate reactive attitude (Coch H. 1996, Vissilia, A.M. 2009). Another aspect which renders it to be associated with the notion of modern sustainability is the employment of recyclable materials such as natural stone and wood. The vernacular architecture of Bodrum peninsula located in southwestern Turkey bears the typical characteristics of Mediterranean architecture. Since the 1970s, Bodrum has been attracting the attention of local and foreign tourists. The “architectural pollution” created by tourism facilities paradoxically devastates the natural and unique architectural characteristics of Bodrum which attract the attention of tourists. In this article, the primary focus will be the residential architecture in Bodrum due to its quite dominant typology among tourism facilities. However, the local building regulations aiming to protect natural values and architectural identity and the sensitive attitudes of some architects about preserving architectural identity and visual ecology can be considered positive aspects with regards to the harmonious architectural development of the region. Visual ecology seems generally more vital than biophysical ecology in terms of sustainable tourism economy, and tourism, is the most important sector in Bodrum. In a touristic region such as Bodrum, cultural and economic sustainability are interrelated. Today, research related to sustainability focuses primarily on energy saving and relevant technological inventions and as a result, issues such as cultural expression, contextual connection, identity formation, local differences and changes do not get their deserved places in the sustainability value setting. This paper aims to detect some clues about the outline of the residential architecture within the context of cultural sustainability in Bodrum in the light of residential architecture samples.

The article is devoted to typology and chronology of swords and daggers without a metal pommel from the Maeotian cemeteries of the right bank of the Kuban. We took into account 57 pieces of this type of weapon from closed complexes. In this paper, we use the typological scheme of A.M. Khazanov, developed on the materials of the Sarmatian armament. The Maeotian swords and daggers of mentioned group are divided into three types: 1 – swords and daggers with a rain-guard; 2 – swords and daggers without a rain-guard, the blade and the hilt make an obtuse angle; 3 – swords and daggers without rain-guards, the blade and the hilt make a right angle. Metal tangs of hilts differ by shape and size; thus they are divided into two variants: “a” – rectangular or triangular; “b” – a long pin. The swords of the “a” variant had wooden overlays on the handles, sometimes fastened with rivets or winding, and the handles of the “b” variant swords were mounted on a tang. Chronological dating of the burials indicates that bladed weapon of this type appears among the Maeotians of the Kuban right bank in the beginning of the 1st cent. AD and remains there until the middle of the 3rd cent. AD. And the main time of its use is the 1–2 cent. A.D. Swords and daggers of all types from Maeotian assemblages have existed at the same time, just like ones from the Sarmatian burials of the Lower Volga region. But, unlike the Sarmatian sites with no predominance of any particular sword type, the Maeotians show clear advantage of type 2 blades.

The Football Fan Community as a Determinant Stakeholder in Value co-CreationFans are of central importance to sport service production. Their passion, excitement, and involvement plays a crucial role in event implementation and value creation. Due to the importance of fans as "co-producers" of the sport service, the hypothesis of this research is that a fan community is a salient stakeholder in the value co-creation process. This paper focuses on how a football fan community engages in manifold interaction with its team, the local context, and the network of actors as a whole. Within the theoretical framework of the stakeholders and the network approach, a multi-case analysis and thorough examination of the ACF Fiorentina's season ticket holders database enlightens a system of relationships where fans are able to influence the internal dynamics of the social network that has developed around the football club. In light of the empirical evidence presented by the case studies and the database on supporters, we propose a first typology of fans' roles and strategic behaviours. Findings, though not exhaustive, illustrate not only the roles assumed by fans during matches in terms of identification and participation, but also underline the variety of ways in which fans behave as stakeholders of their own team. In terms of value cocreation, this research highlights the fan community as a salient stakeholder and not just a mere spectator. Fans and supporters not only are crucial actors in implementing the sport service, but they even play an important role of influencing the choices and behaviours of the football club and other stakeholders.

Innovative contracts are needed that promote the provision of biodiversity and diverse ecosystem services from land under agricultural production, given that mainstream agri-environment-climate measures (AECM) funded by the public purse have shown limited effectiveness. Recently, various actors from the public, private and third sectors have experimented with and implemented innovative contracts that incentivise farmers for the increased provision of environmental public goods alongside private goods. Due to their evolving and experimental nature, detailed information on characteristics of contract design and governance context of these contracts is lacking, hence preventing them from being used more widely. This paper addresses this gap and reports the findings of an analysis of 62 cases, based on information from a literature review and complemented by expert knowledge. Following an actor-based typology, we identified innovative payments for ecosystem services (PES) as the most common contract type, followed by value chain approaches and very few land tenure contracts. Alternative classifications are possible, with hybrid contracts showing promising combinations of different contract characteristics such as basis of payment (action-based, results-based) and contract parties (collective or bilateral arrangements). The most innovative approaches were value chain contracts. They exhibited more tailored contracts between (single) producers and processors instead of the generic publicly-funded AECM, a stronger bottom-up approach to define the (mostly action-based) measures, and the interest of processors to use these activities for marketing purposes. In contrast, publicly-funded PES contracts appeared to be more innovative with respect to results-based payments rewarding the environmental performance of farmers, and providing them more flexibility and autonomy. Future research should focus on the benefits of such innovative contracts, e.g. with regard to costs and environmental effectiveness.

According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2024), the quality and quantity of water available for all our uses will become the major challenge of the 21st century. Increased temperatures, problems of oxygenation, (micro)pollutants concentrations are some of the problems to be dealt with, whose consequences are many, not only for livestock farming, fishing and aquatic biodiversity, but also for drinking water production.In Europe the Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to assess the ecological and chemical status of surface waters at the level of the river basin district (i.e., "an area of land and sea, comprising one or more river basins and associated groundwater and coastal waters, identified as the main unit for the purposes of river basin management"). Small streams, typical of watershed headwaters, are not monitored in the WFD. However, they are estimated to account for up to 80% of the total hydrographic length in a river watershed, making a major contribution to the water supply of downstream ecosystems (MacDonald and Coe 2007).Since 2010, the LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle has been involved on the long-term monthly monitoring, with the help of forest rangers, of an initial set of 16 pristine headwater streams in the Vosges Mountains (https://acev.otelo.univ-lorraine.fr/ , https://deims.org/22915474-7c50-47c1-8239-6c59fa924a1b). These streams are running on granite or sandstone soils in forests dotted with wetlands of various size. The monitoring stations are upstream of any anthropogenic activity, except forestry and extensive tourism. This initial set has been progressively expanded with other nearby streams. However, all of them belong to the same mountainous typology.With this in mind, a participatory research project, O'CitEaux (https://ociteaux.fr/), has been set up to monitor the quality of small rivers in a wider context, using new low-cost sensors. We believe in the importance of such monitoring in the face of climate change (Whyte et al. 2024, von Gönner et al. 2024). Together with an increase of temperature, longer periods of drought interspersed with episodes of heavy rainfall are expected in the coming decades. The flow of small rivers and the quality of their water are therefore likely to be significantly altered. The O'CitEaux participants are:fishing association members (A),primary and secondary school teachers and their students (B), orjust people interested in quality of the aquatic environment (C).Participants A and B are equipped with a low-cost water case which enables them to measure pH, conductivity and temperature in-situ and in the future dissolved organic matter (Ritson et al. 2014). Participants A measure the water level and the width of the watercourse, which can be used for estimation of the discharge rate after proper calibration. All participants collect water samples (one-shot or on a monthly basis, depending upon their level of implication), filtrate them and send them immediately to the research laboratory. Additional information about the location of the station and its immediate surroundings, as well as on biodiversity (odonata, fish, etc.), is collected.Samples collected either by researchers or by O'CitEaux participants follow the same analysis process: filtration at 0.45 µm, analysis of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, dissolved total nitrogen and major anions and cations, DOM spectral characteristics by UV-visible spectroscopy (aromaticity and molecular weight scoring) and fluorescence spectroscopy (DOM humification, etc.).To date, 150 streams (mainly in France, UK and Scandinavia) have been sampled (i.e., 400 samples) in addition to the 40 streams monitored directly by the researchers on a monthly basis (Fig. 1). The variety of their typology is shown in Fig. 2: high dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations reflect rivers running on calcareous soils, when high dissolved organic carbon concentrations characterized rivers influenced by forests and peatlands.The presentation will discuss the water quality results in function of geology, land use and season and compare them to WFD data collected at a larger scale. An example of data analysis is shown in Fig. 3 for dissolved nitrogen, with a gradient between the forested Vosges Mountains and the western zone where agriculture is more intensive. Citizen involvement (motivation, effectiveness, fear of doing the wrong thing, etc.) will be discussed as well as the best ways for feedback (database, website, counseling).

We, as a human community, are at a pivotal moment in our history. Faced with the threats posed by climate change, the collapse of biodiversity, growing inequalities and the attacks on democracy, which has been losing ground over the last ten years, we stand at a crossroads. The choice between closure and openness, justice and strength/domination, universalism and identitarianism is increasingly urgent. While forces of closure, strength, and identitarianism seem to be gaining ground in this first quarter of the century, there is still time to reverse the trend. Joyful experiments in resistance are emerging all over the planet, blending social and ecological struggles with feminist and decolonial struggles to imagine «another possible».Research and education are being called to action to resist these powerful trends, stimulating a renewed commitment to the question of meaning, a dimension neglected for a century by both philosophers and scientists, well hidden behind the ideas of objectivity and neutrality. But, scientists are taking part, in many ways, in transformative experiments, particularly social-ecological ones, designed to enhance the resilience of territories against global threats, to restore a mode of development – or to explore alternatives to development - that is sustainable, in a perspective of care and planetary habitability.However, science itself has become unsustainable, caught in the same acceleration affecting all human activities. This acceleration prevents it from taking the time needed to foster interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborations and the creativity required to tackle the complexity of social-ecological systems and the wicked problems they face. To support the transformations required, science must transform itself, a shift with significant implications for the functioning of High Education Institutions (HEI's) themselves. This transformation concerns both research and education, serving as a first step towards scaling up systemic change.Indeed, one pressing question remains, expressed by Moore et al. (2015): how can brilliant yet isolated experiments aimed at solving the world's most urgent and complex social and ecological problems be more widely adopted to achieve a transformative impact? This is the whole question of reconciling meaning and urgency, calling for an approach to scaling that preserves the richness of diversity, i.e. avoiding generalization/standardization.Moore and collaborators propose three ways of scaling: scaling out (replication), scaling up (institutionalization) and scaling deep (culture, education). We propose to extend this typology to the idea of "scaling diverse", which emphasizes harnessing diversity of experiments conducted in varied geographical, sociological, economic, and political contexts. How can we scale up without going too general, erasing diversity and producing solutions that will not be adapted to local contexts? What are the implications of such an approach on governance and the definition/perception of power? O. Ragueneau and collaborators explore this idea of <em>scaling diverse</em> from the work conducted as two networks in a transformative perspective, to stimulate impacts that are more systemic, political and legal.Within the French RZA-RI («Réseau des Zones Ateliers»), inter- and transdisciplinary approaches are developped on the long term, fostering co-construction of knowledge with local stakeholders, testing the working hypothesis that this co-construction is a necessary – albeit probably not sufficient due to the importance of power gaps - condition to accompagny «learning territories» in their transformation to sustainability/habitability. Comparisons or testing various hypotheses accross gradients (climate, anthropisation, history of co-research, …) are examples of first approaches to scaling diverse.Within the Expé-1point5, as part of the Labos 1point5 research initiative, experiments are being conducted to stimulate changing research practices towards reducing their own carbon emissions, thereby embodying transformation: since 2021, 23 pilot «learning laboratories» (i.e. 4,000-5,000 persons), representing a wide diversity of size, discipline, GreenHouse Gaz (GHG), choose a reduction objective, a trajectory, one or several tools proposed to them in a special «Kit-1point5 - awareness-raising, economic, legal - and follow the implications of these changing practices on their GHG emissions as well as on the quality of life and quality of research. The idea of this experiment is to make science a transformation demonstrator (Ragueneau and Sabbagh, 2024).Both networks aim at reducing human impacts on the environment and exploring their broader social, economic, and anthropological effects. Working as networks, they first allow to make links accross these learning territories and laboratories. Both have important implications on science policy and philosophy, regarding not only practices, but also funding – i.e. fostering collaboration rather than competition -, evaluation and the overarching meaning of research activity itself.

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need for a polygraph examiner to take into account the individual typological characteristics of candidates for service in the process of conducting special psychophysiological studies (SPFI) using a polygraph. The subject of the study: psychological technologies in the tactics of conducting SPFI in relation to the examined persons with character accentuations. The purpose of the study: to develop and experimentally implement psychotechnologies in the conduct of SPFI, designed for the characteristics of accentuated candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was used: theoretical and applied approaches in the field of strategies and tactics, the phased conduct of psychophysiological research using a polygraph (V.V. Korovin, Yu.I. Kholodny, V.A. Varlamov, A.N. Obukhova, I.P. Obukhova, etc.); the concept of the operational psychological structure of the actions of law enforcement officers (N.R. Bityanova, V.A. Danilov, M.G. Debolsky, A.I. Papkin, I.B. Ponomarev, A.M. Stolyarenko, V.P. Trubochkin, V.I. Chernenilov, etc.); typology of character accentuations (K. Leonhard, A.E. Lichko). Research methods: deductive and inductive methods for generalizing psychological theories, concepts on scientific and applied problems of the research topic; questionnaires of polygraph examiners; psychological analysis of characterizing materials for candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; observation of the examined persons; stimulus-adaptive test (SAT); psychological analysis of polygrams. Psychophysiological studies of candidates for service (20 people) were conducted using a computer polygraph "Diana-04". The sample of the study included 20 candidates for service in the GU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Stavropol Territory. The results of the experimental study: the use of psychotechnologies in the tactics of conducting a pre-test conversation, designed to accentuate the examined persons, contributes to the optimization of the psycho-emotional state and adaptation of these persons to the SPFI, ensure the effectiveness of the study. The novelty of the research lies in the theoretical development of psychological methods, techniques and means for conducting a pre-test conversation with candidates with character accents, experimental testing of their effectiveness and ensuring the achievement of the goals of socio-psychophysiological research using a polygraph.

En los albores del siglo XII, se producía en los Reinos de España la caída del Imperio musulmán y la toma de Córdoba. El proceso de Reconquista comenzó en el suroeste de Andalucía, por la provincia de Jaén, y continuó hacia la ciudad más importante de los territorios del Al Ándalus, Córdoba. Se inició una nueva etapa en la historia y el arte, influenciada por las corrientes del Reino de Castilla, ya bajo la dominación de los reyes cristianos. Durante esta nueva etapa surgieron en la ciudad nuevas tipologías arquitec- tónicas con finalidad religiosa, los palacios-conventos. Uno de los más importantes es el convento de Santa Marta y su iglesia, un hito en la arquitectura de finales del gótico, gracias a la familia de canteros y escultores que llegados desde Burgos ejecutaron para la capital este monumento. La portada principal de la iglesia fue esculpida y proyectada en 1511 por Hernán Ruiz I, maestro mayor de la catedral (anti- gua mezquita del califato cordobés). Este frontal es el objetivo de la investigación y de los trabajos de restauración, que pusieron en valor este conjunto arquitectónico de la Córdoba del siglo XVI. Palabras clave.-Convento Santa Marta, Hernán Ruiz I, Córdoba. ABSTRACTIn the early days of the 12th century, the fall of the Muslim Empire and capture of Cordoba was taking place in the kingdoms of Spain. The process of Reconquista that began in the south-east of Andalucía, through the province of Jaen, and continued towards the most important city of the ter- ritories of Al Ándalus, Cordoba. A new period in art and history began, influenced by trends of the Kingdom of Castilla, already under the control of Christian kings. In the course of this new stage, a new architectural typology emerged in the city. It had religious purpose and are known as the pal- ace-convents. One of the most important edifices is the Santa Marta convent along with its church, a landmark in late Gothic architecture. It owes such characteristics to families of stonemasons and sculptors who arrived from Burgos, making the city into this magnificent site. The main façade of the church was sculpted and designed in 1511 by Hernán Ruiz I, master of the cathedral (former mosque of the caliphate). This front is the subject of research and restoration work, which revalued this architectonical assortment of the Cordoba of the 16th century. Keywords.-Santa Marta monastery, Hernán Ruiz I, Cordoba.

The aim of the work is topical scientific historical and literary problems: identification and analysis of the so-called night motifs and images, twilight scenes in Russian literature of the XIX–XX centuries. The researchers' attention is traditionally attracted to other sides of the artistic consciousness and creative pursuits of Russian writers, those symbolized by light, the sun. While not diminishing their importance, the authors concentrate on the aspects less studied, but no less interesting – night, moonlight, mystical secrets, heavenly light, as well as the light from the depths of the soul, and therefore especially powerful over the soul and mind as facets of personal spiritual being. About the personalities. M. Y. Lermontov, N. A. Nekrasov, A.M. Gorky, M. M. Prishvin. The creative personalities chosen are far apart, representing different eras, directions, and individual writing styles. The historical and literary context has not been left aside: the motifs demanded by Russian literature, images of German Romanticism, mythology. This allowed us to illustrate the objectivity of the raised problem and solve the tasks set in the work in accordance with the conventional approaches to studying historical and literary phenomena: the typology of motives and its implementation in the artistic consciousness of the epoch, individual author's searches. This also requires clarification of some definitions, specification of context, analysis of the writers’ work and specific texts from the standpoint of artistic semantics, ontology and poetics. Among the most significant results of the work are the following: the motives of the superconscious and unconscious in Russian literature are presented and interpreted as a pattern of the historical and literary process and as a manifestation of individual searches and personal aspirations. Observations are made in the field of philosophy, aesthetics and poetics of prose, the expressiveness of the works by the writers and poets chosen. Diaries and documents are considered as a valuable link in the artistic heritage. The adopted approaches to the material determined the original view of the problem of mastery and allowed to expand the existing ideas of the types of artistic thinking. The work gives new insights into a number of well-known works, clarifies and shows the relationship of the author's position with mythology and folklore, with the components of the external and internal form. The work is meant for philologists, literary critics, and researchers of Russian literature and XX century culture.

The article presents a critical review of research works on the topic “Folklore-literary interaction in the creative activity of A.M. Remizov” published in Russian. The study of the topic has been conducted mainly within the framework of literary criticism. Meanwhile, for a writer known for his commitment to preservation and innovative approach to traditional literary genres, folklore is one of the dominant sources of creativity. Currently, Remizov studies cannot boast of generalizing works on folklorism in the writer’s creative activity and on the influence of oral folk art genres on his artistic system, so one of the aims of the article is to attract scholarly interest to the issue and stimulate further research in this area. The publication gives a brief description of the current state of research on the problem, identifies the main vectors of its consideration and reveals the academic lacunae. The author analyzes the works, which deal with the creative heritage from the point of view of folklore studies and address the problems of the typology of folklorism and mythologism of the writer, clarify the range of folklore sources and the specificity of working with them, as well as the role and function of the author’s comments on the miniatures of Posoloni. These notes to the texts were created under the influence of a literary scandal related to the accusation of the writer of plagiarism. The assessment of the events around this incident by specialists in Remisov studies and folklorists does not coincide, the article outlines prospects for further research. The author undertakes a detailed description of the influence of the texts of calendar rite, spiritual verses, fairy tale, conspiracy-spell tradition, folk drama, children’s folklore and Russian folk pictures on the writer’s creative activity. For the first time, the author poses a hypothesis about the possible influence of the aesthetics of rayok (“World Cosmorama”) on the work of A. M. Remizov by the example of the fairy-tale novella “What is Tobacco”, which which depicts the reformatting of the apocryphal model by artistic means of lubok and rayok. The analysis of numerous studies made it possible for the author of the article to conclude that the writer’s creative activity does not only reflect the real diversity of folklore genres but also such specific features of them as oral format and variability. The results of the study can be used in the design of the course of the history of Russian literature and folklore studies of the beginning of the early 20th century, in the studies dealing with folklore-literary interaction, and in popularization and publication of folklore texts.

Les strat&eacute;gies de gestion int&eacute;gr&eacute;e de fertilit&eacute; des sols (GIFS) vulgaris&eacute;es ou endog&egrave;nes adopt&eacute;es dans l&rsquo;ouest de l&rsquo;Atacora au nord du B&eacute;nin pourraient contribuer &agrave; l&rsquo;am&eacute;lioration des rendements agricoles des producteurs. Cette &eacute;tude a pour objectif d&rsquo;analyser l&rsquo;effet de ces strat&eacute;gies sur l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; &eacute;conomique des producteurs du ma&iuml;s et du soja dans l&rsquo;ouest de l&rsquo;Atacora au nord du B&eacute;nin. Les fonctions fronti&egrave;res stochastiques de production et de co&ucirc;t de type Cobb-Douglass ont &eacute;t&eacute; estim&eacute;s pour analyser les niveaux d&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; &eacute;conomique. L&rsquo;analyse des r&eacute;sultats par typologie de strat&eacute;gies r&eacute;v&egrave;le que les producteurs du Groupe 2, ayant adopt&eacute; les strat&eacute;gies de r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration des sols &agrave; base de l&eacute;gumineuses et l&rsquo;utilisation de mati&egrave;res organiques, ont vu leur niveau d&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; &eacute;conomique am&eacute;lior&eacute; de 45,9% pour le ma&iuml;s et 71,1% pour le soja comparativement aux producteurs du Groupe 1 qui ont adopt&eacute; les autres strat&eacute;gies qui ont obtenu des gains de 35,4% pour le ma&iuml;s et 52, 8% pour le soja. L&rsquo;estimation &eacute;conom&eacute;trique montre que le genre, la vulgarisation, l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience, les ressources disponibles (main-d&rsquo;&oelig;uvre), la taille du m&eacute;nage, la formation, la superficie emblav&eacute;e, l&rsquo;acc&egrave;s au cr&eacute;dit et l&rsquo;adoption des strat&eacute;gies GIFS ont significativement influenc&eacute; le niveau d&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; &eacute;conomique des producteurs aussi bien du ma&iuml;s que du soja.

L&rsquo;alimentation est le processus par lequel les communaut&eacute;s et les individus obtiennent, produisent, pr&eacute;parent, partagent, consomment et dig&egrave;rent la nourriture. Cela reste une priorit&eacute; dans les zones rurales o&ugrave; r&egrave;gne l&rsquo;ins&eacute;curit&eacute; alimentaire. Malgr&eacute; les strat&eacute;gies d&eacute;velopp&eacute;es par les communaut&eacute;s pour faire face &agrave; cette ins&eacute;curit&eacute; alimentaire, les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s sociales qui caract&eacute;risent les habitudes alimentaires ne garantissent pas un acc&egrave;s &eacute;gal aux sources de nourriture et sont &agrave; la base de divers conflits. La pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude s&rsquo;est int&eacute;ress&eacute;e aux conflits alimentaires qui se manifestent dans les communaut&eacute;s agro-pastorales du nord-B&eacute;nin, dans la perspective de faire la typologie et la cat&eacute;gorisation de ces conflits. Les travaux de terrain ont &eacute;t&eacute; men&eacute;s dans deux districts du nord-B&eacute;nin, notamment Nikki et Banikoara. Des donn&eacute;es qualitatives ont &eacute;t&eacute; collect&eacute;es &agrave; travers des entretiens individuels (102) et collectifs (07) semi-structur&eacute;s et ouverts avec des femmes (56) et des hommes (46) des communaut&eacute;s Peulh, Bariba et Boo. En termes de r&eacute;sultats, on retient que: (i) les conflits autour du manger, dans le processus de production et travaux champ&ecirc;tres, dans la constitution et la gestion du stock alimentaire, dans la cuisine, autour du processus de services des aliments, dans la r&eacute;colte, autour de comp&eacute;tences culinaires et autour des totems sont, entre autres, les types de conflits alimentaires observ&eacute;s dans les terroirs agro-pastoraux; (ii) les conflits alimentaires sont constat&eacute;s dans toute la cha&icirc;ne de production et de consommation alimentaire, et m&ecirc;me apr&egrave;s consommation. La prise en compte de ces r&eacute;sultats de recherche permettra de r&eacute;ajuster les politiques du cadre de vie des populations pour parvenir &agrave; une bonne coh&eacute;sion sociale dans les r&eacute;gions arides du B&eacute;nin.

[Portugu&ecirc;s] O presente trabalho busca retratar a forma como a Pol&iacute;cia Militar da Bahia (PMBA) tem atendido as exig&ecirc;ncias de transpar&ecirc;ncia ativa atrav&eacute;s do seu portal da internet requeridas na Lei Federal n&ordm; 12.527/2011 &ndash; a Lei de Acesso a Informa&ccedil;&atilde;o (LAI). Para alcan&ccedil;ar os objetivos tra&ccedil;ados utilizou-se a observa&ccedil;&atilde;o direta e n&atilde;o participativa no portal oficial da PMBA atrav&eacute;s do estudo de caso como m&eacute;todo de pesquisa utilizando fontes bibliogr&aacute;ficas, documentais e eletr&ocirc;nicas, subsidiado tamb&eacute;m pelas previs&otilde;es da Lei Estadual n&ordm; 12.618/2012 que trata do assunto no &acirc;mbito do Estado da Bahia. Foi desenvolvido o estudo atrav&eacute;s da tipologia descritiva e explorat&oacute;ria com destaque na natureza de abordagem quanti-qualitativa e na exposi&ccedil;&atilde;o te&oacute;rico-emp&iacute;rica, onde se constatou que a PMBA, caminhou a favor do maior atendimento ao que prev&ecirc; as leis de acesso &agrave; informa&ccedil;&atilde;o, principalmente ap&oacute;s a Auditoria Operacional de Cumprimento da Lei de Acesso &agrave; Informa&ccedil;&atilde;o n&ordm; 200/2014 promovida pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado, por&eacute;m ainda tem muito no que avan&ccedil;ar no atendimento &agrave; legisla&ccedil;&atilde;o e ao amplo acesso &agrave; informa&ccedil;&atilde;o, identificando-se principalmente a dificuldade de acesso e lentid&atilde;o no processo de uniformiza&ccedil;&atilde;o dos portais de internet do Governo do Estado da Bahia, notadamente no Projeto de Identidade Digital de Governo. [English] The present study seeks to portray how the Military Police of Bahia (PMBA) has met the requirements of active transparency through its internet portal required by Federal Law No. To achieve the objectives outlined, direct and non-participatory observation was used on the official PMBA portal through the case study as a research method using bibliographic, documentary and electronic sources, also subsidized by the provisions of State Law No. subject within the State of Bahia. The study was developed through a descriptive and exploratory typology, highlighting the nature of a quantitative-qualitative approach and in the theoretical- empirical exposition, where it was found that the PMBA, walked in favor of greater compliance with the provisions of the laws of access to information, mainly after the Operational Audit of Compliance with the Access to Information Law n&ordm; 200/2014 promoted by the State Court of Auditors, but there is still a lot to advance in complying with legislation and broad access to information, mainly identifying the difficulty of access and slowness in the process of standardizing the internet portals of the Government of the State of Bahia, notably in the Government&#39;s Digital Identity Project. [Espa&ntilde;ol] Este trabajo busca retratar c&oacute;mo la Polic&iacute;a Militar de Bah&iacute;a (PMBA) ha cumplido con los requisitos de transparencia activa a trav&eacute;s de su portal de Internet exigidos en la Ley Federal N &ordm; 12.527/2011 - Ley de Acceso a la Informaci&oacute;n (LAI). Para alcanzar los objetivos planteados, se utiliz&oacute; la observaci&oacute;n directa y no participante en el portal oficial de la PMBA a trav&eacute;s del estudio de caso como m&eacute;todo de investigaci&oacute;n utilizando fuentes bibliogr&aacute;ficas, documentales y electr&oacute;nicas, subvencionado tambi&eacute;n por las disposiciones de la Ley Estatal N &ordm; 12.618/2012 que se ocupa del tema en el marco del Estado de Bah&iacute;a. Se desarroll&oacute; el estudio a trav&eacute;s de la tipolog&iacute;a descriptiva y exploratoria con &eacute;nfasis en la naturaleza de enfoque cuanti-cualitativo y en la exposici&oacute;n te&oacute;rico-emp&iacute;rica, donde se encontr&oacute; que el PMBA, camin&oacute; a favor de un mayor cumplimiento de lo que disponen las leyes de acceso a la informaci&oacute;n, especialmente despu&eacute;s de la Auditor&iacute;a Operativa de Cumplimiento de la Ley de Acceso a la Informaci&oacute;n N&ordm; 200/2014 promovida por el Tribunal de Cuentas del Estado, Sin embargo, todav&iacute;a tiene mucho que avanzar en el cumplimiento de la legislaci&oacute;n y el amplio acceso a la informaci&oacute;n, identificando principalmente la dificultad de acceso y la lentitud en el proceso de normalizaci&oacute;n de los portales de Internet del Gobierno del Estado de Bah&iacute;a, en particular en el Proyecto de Identidad Digital del Gobierno.

Las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas en Monte Molião permitieron la recogida de un importante conjunto de artefactos de hueso pulido, de la Edad del Hierro y de época Romana, que supone un total de 80 piezas. Están distribuidas por distintas categorías funcionales, relacionadas con el adorno personal, con la actividad textil, con el juego y con la escritura. Otros integran la categoría de complementos de muebles. El conjunto es revelador de la presencia, en el sur de Portugal, de individuos con costumbres y usanzas que siguen patrones estéticos y sociales del Mediterráneo romanizado.Palabras clave: Algarve romano, mundus muliebris, textiles, ludi, stiliTopónimo: PortugalPeriodo: Edad del Hierro, época romana ABSTRACTThe archaeological digs undertaken in in Monte Molião led to the discovery of 80 bone artefacts, dating from Iron Age and Roman times. They are divided into several functional categories, connected with personal adornment, textile activity, games, and writing. Others correspond to furniture complements. They reveal the presence in the south of Portugal of individuals with customs and practices that follow specific aesthetic patterns of the Romanized Mediterranean. Keywords: Roman Algarve, mundus muliebris, textiles activities, ludi, stiliPlace names: PortugalPeriod: Iron Age, Roman times REFERENCIASAlarcão, J. de, Étienne, R., Alarcão, A. y Ponte, S. da (1979), “Les accessoires de la toilette et de l’habitallaments”, en J. de Alarcão y R. Étienne (dir.), Fouilles de Conimbriga, VII, Trouvailles diverses 80, Paris, E. De Boccard.Almagro Basch, M. (1955), Las Necrópolis de Ampurias: Necrópolis romanas y necrópolis indígenas, Barcelona, Seix y Barral.Alonso López, J. y Sabio González, R. (2012), “Instrumentos de escritura en Augusta Emerita. Los stili o estiletes”, Revista de Estudios Extremeños, LXVIII, III, pp. 1001-1024.Andreu Pintado, J. 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В статье рассматривается история раскопок крупнейшей римской гробницы, а именно мавзолея императора Цезаря Августа. Основное внимание уделяется результатам недавних археологических работ и тому, как они повлияли на представление о памятнике. Гробница первого римского императора в пост-античную эпоху претерпела различные трансформации и неоднократные грабежи, в результате которых сильно пострадала. Памятнику находили практическое применение вплоть до 1930-х гг. За многовековую историю мавзолей использовали как каменоломню, крепость, которую не раз разрушали, виноградник, сад, амфитеатр для корриды, театр и концертный зал. Первые археологические работы на территории памятника проводились уже в XVI в. Именно с них начинается история исследования монумента и результаты, полученные тогда, до сих пор имеют большое значение для науки. 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Статья посвящена предварительной публикации набора артефактов из грунтового могильника у с. Комаровка Ульяновской области. Предметы происходят из разрушенного несанкционированными раскопками погребения, совершенного по обряду кремации с преднамеренным повреждением погребального инвентаря. В состав анализируемого комплекса входят длинный однолезвийный клинок, наконечник копья и боевой нож, а также предметы конского снаряжения, украшения и детали костюма. Вероятная датировка комплекса - середина - вторая половина VI в. н.э. Наличие клинкового оружия и особенности погребального обряда делают публикуемый комплекс уникальным для именьковской культуры. Аналогии составляющим его артефактам обнаруживаются в материалах Северного Кавказа и Подунавья, а также Западной Сибири. Появление их в Среднем Поволжье может быть связано с культурными взаимодействиями периода формирования Аварского и Тюркского каганатов. 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Abstract Until rural track program definitions were recently established in regulation and accreditation,1 there was no widely accepted classification system for rural graduate medical education (GME), making it difficult to conduct educational research, compare published results, or navigate the maze of options available to residency applicants. This typology for rural residency training, refined in use by rural medical educators, student applicants, and researchers2,3 over the past 2 decades, addresses varying degrees of required rurally located training, rural focus, and rural graduate placement outcomes. Acknowledging the range and differences across rural and frontier communities, this typology considers to be rural a geographic location that is rural by any 2 of the more than 75 federal definitions that exist (e.g., Core-Based Statistical Areas, Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes). For 8 common federal definitions, see RHIhub’s “Am I Rural?” Tool at https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/am-i-rural.

AbstractOne of the challenges of promoting accelerated carbonation curing (ACC) of concrete as a carbon sequestration strategy is ensuring that carbonation will not deteriorate mechanical strength. This study examined the mechanical strength, water sorptivity and carbonation efficiency of ten types of mortar containing dry or pre-soaked biochar subjected to internal and/or external carbonation. The results obtained enabled a typology of ACC to be proposed, in which the carbon dioxide absorption of mortar containing various types of CO2-dosed biochar ranged between 0.022% and 0.068% per unit dosage hour. In particular, the mortar containing dry biochar dosed with carbon dioxide was the top candidate for concurrently increasing both compressive strength (54.9 MPa) and carbon dioxide absorption (0.055% per unit dosage hour). Mortar containing pre-soaked biochar dosed with carbon dioxide was identified as a strategy that achieved the highest carbonation efficiency (0.068% per unit dosage hour), but it also reduced compressive strength (45.1 MPa). Collectively, the proposed typology offers a useful overview of the different ways by which biochar can be used to tune ACC in mortar, according to any technical constraints and/or intended functions of the carbonated concrete components. Graphical Abstract

IntroductionAchieving sustainability transitions requires substantial policy changes, often driven by coalitions of actors advocating for institutional change and transformative agendas. While the transitions literature highlights the importance of coalition coordination, the underlying processes remain insufficiently understood. This study explores the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) to derive insights into the coordination and dynamics of advocacy coalitions relevant to sustainability transitions.MethodsA systematic review of ACF literature was conducted, encompassing an initial corpus of over 700 articles and refining it to a final set of 45 documents. These documents were analyzed using qualitative coding to identify key factors influencing coalition coordination and to conceptualize coalition dynamics across the phases of sustainability transitions.ResultsThe review identifies four categories of factors shaping coalition coordination: prerequisites for coordination, reasons to coordinate, instrumental factors that influence coordination, and internal organization of coalitions. Additionally, it outlines how coordination patterns evolve across four sustainability transition phases, leading to the development of a typology that integrates dynamics within coalitions and across coalitions with two transition pathways: technological substitution and reconfiguration.DiscussionThis study advances the understanding of the political processes underpinning sustainability transitions by integrating ACF insights into transition studies. It underscores the importance of belief systems, resource access, and trust in fostering effective coalition coordination. The proposed typology offers a conceptual framework to guide future empirical research on coalition dynamics and their role in accelerating sustainability transitions.

Abstract Background Observationally, family and social support are important for optimal diabetes self-management; however, interventions targeting family/social support have not consistently been effective. A novel, diabetes-specific family functioning typology offers the opportunity to classify types of baseline family functioning to determine for whom family interventions may be effective. Purpose We examined the effects of an intervention by baseline type of family functioning post hoc, to inform differential benefit from interventions. Methods Participants were randomized to enhanced treatment as usual or a 9-month, mobile phone-delivered, family-focused, self-care support intervention. Adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 318) who participated in the randomized clinical trial (RCT) and provided baseline data were included. We determined participants’ diabetes-specific family functioning types at baseline using a validated, survey-administered, typology assessment tool. We investigated the associations between type and engagement (eg, attending coaching sessions and responding to text messages) and psychosocial (eg, well-being and diabetes distress) and glycemic outcomes at mid- and post-treatment. Results Despite overall high engagement, there was variability across types in engagement and effects. Want More Involvement benefited the most; Satisfied with Low Involvement showed early improvements that waned; Collaborative &amp; Helpful were highly engaged but derived minimal benefits from the intervention; and Critically Involved benefitted the least and may have experienced some harm. Conclusions We demonstrated the utility of a novel diabetes-specific family functioning typology to explain variability in response to a family-focused intervention. Findings from this work answer the calls for systems-level consideration in precision behavioral medicine and drive hypothesis generation for future, tailored interventions. Registration The larger RCT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04347291).

AbstractThe field of battery research is bustling with activity and the plethora of names for batteries that present new cell concepts is indicative of this. Most names have grown historically, each indicative of the research focus in their own time, e.g. lithium‐ion batteries, lithium‐air batteries, solid‐state batteries. Nevertheless, all batteries are essentially made of two electrode layers and an electrolyte layer. This lends itself to a systematic and comprehensive approach by which to identify the cell type and chemistry at a glance. The recent increase in hybridized cell concepts potentially opens a world of new battery types. To retain an overview of this dynamic research field, each battery type is briefly discussed and a systematic typology of battery cells is proposed in the form of the short and universal cell naming system AAMXEBCAM (AAM: anode active material; X: L (liquid), G (gel), PP (plasticized polymer), DP (dry polymer), S (solid), H (hybrid); EB: electrolyte battery; CAM: cathode active material). This classification is based on the principal ion conduction mechanism of the electrolyte during cell operation. Even though the presented typology initiates from the research fields of lithium‐ion, solid‐state and hybrid battery concepts, it is applicable to any battery cell chemistry.

Abstract Background Family members’ responses to adults’ diabetes and efforts to manage it vary widely. Multiple aspects of diabetes-specific family functioning have been identified as important for self-management and psychosocial well-being in theoretical (i.e., theories of social support and collaborative coping) and observational literature. Purpose Develop a typological framework of diabetes-specific family functioning and examine cross-sectional associations between type and diabetes outcomes. Methods We used electronic health record (EHR) data to identify a cohort of 5,545 adults receiving outpatient care for type 2 diabetes and invited them to complete a survey assessing 10 dimensions of diabetes-specific family functioning. We used k-means cluster analysis to identify types. After type assignment, we used EHR data for the full cohort to generate sampling weights to correct for imbalance between participants and non-participants. We used weighted data to examine unadjusted associations between participant characteristics and type, and in regression models to examine associations between type and diabetes outcomes. Regression models were adjusted for sociodemographics, diabetes duration, and insulin status. Results We identified and named four types: Collaborative and Helpful (33.8%), Satisfied with Low Involvement (22.2%), Want More Involvement (29.6%), and Critically Involved (14.5%; reflecting the highest levels of criticism and harmful involvement). Across these types, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, diabetes medication adherence, and diabetes self-efficacy worsened. After covariate adjustment, type remained independently associated with each diabetes outcome (all p’s &amp;lt; .05). Conclusions The typology extends theories of family support in diabetes and applications of the typology may lead to breakthroughs in intervention design, tailoring, and evaluation.

Re-Framing Participation in the Architecture Studio Recently, within design literature, significant attention has been given to collaboration across different disciplines (see for instance, Nicolini et al.; Carlile), as well as consideration of the breakdown of traditional disciplinarity and the corresponding involvement of users in co-generation (Sanders and Stappers, “Co-Creation” 11–12) through the development and deployment of structured methods and toolkits (Sanders et al., “Framework”; Sanders and Stappers, “Probes”). Relatively less attention has been paid to the workings of the “communities of practice” (Wenger) operating within the disciplinary domain of architecture. The discourse around concept design in architecture has tended to emphasise individualist approaches driven by personal philosophies, inspirations, imitation of a more experienced designer, and emphasis on latent talent or genius (for instance, Moneo). This can be problematic because without a shared language and methods there are limited opportunities for making meaning to facilitate participation between collaborators in architectural studio settings. It is worth asking then: are there things that “Architecture” might learn from “Design” about the deployment of structured methods, and might this interdisciplinary exchange promote participatory practices in studio-based cultures? We address this question by connecting and building on two important concepts relevant to design methods, meta-design as described in the open design literature (De Mul 36–37), and design frames as described by Schön and formalised by Dorst (‘Core’; Frame; see also Weedon). Through this combination, we propose a theory of participation by making shared meaning in architectural design. We animate our theoretical contribution through a design toolkit we have developed, refined, and applied over several years in typologically focused architectural design studios in Australian university contexts. One important contribution, we argue, is to the area of design theory-building, by taking two previously unrelated concepts from the design methods literature. We draw them together using an example from our own design practices to articulate a new term and concept for making shared meaning in design. The other contribution made is to the translation of this concept into the context of studio-based architectural practice, a setting that has traditionally struggled to accept structured methods. The existence of other form-metaphor design tools available for architecture and the theoretical basis of their development and connection to design literature more broadly has not always been clearly articulated (see for example Di Mari and Yoo; Lewis et al.). The rationale for giving an account of the construction and deployment of our own toolkit is to illustrate its theoretical contribution while providing the basis for future field testing and translation (including by other researchers), noting the established trajectory of this kind of work in the design literature (see, for example, Hoolohan and Browne; Visser et al.; Vaajakallio and Mattelmäki; Sanders and Stappers, “Co-Creation” and ”Probes”). In line with this issue’s thematic and epistemological agenda, we adopt what Cross identifies as “designerly ways of knowing” (223), and is at least partly a reflection on a practice in which we engage with our own disciplines and research interests to propose and deploy design thinking as a kind of critical “reflection-in-action” (Robertson and Simonsen 2). Meta-Framing: Combining Meta-Design and Framing Meta-design is a term used in open design literature to describe approaches aimed toward orchestration of a project in such a way that people are afforded the agency to become effective co-designers, regardless of their pre-existing skills or design-specific knowledge (De Mul 36). According to a meta-design approach, design is conceived of as a shared project of mutual learning instead of an individualistic expression of singular genius. Through the establishment of shared protocols and formats, what Ehn (1) calls “infrastructuring”, individuals with even very limited design experience are provided scaffolds that enable them to participate in a design project. One important way in which meta-design helps “create a pathway through a design space” is through the careful selection and adoption of shared guiding metaphors that provide common meanings between co-designers (De Mul 36). The usefulness of metaphors is also recognised in the context of design frames, the second concept on which we build our theory. Conceptualised as “cognitive shortcuts” for making “sense of complex situations” (Haase and Laursen 21), design frames were first conceived of by Schön (132) as a rational approach to design, one guided by “epistemological norms”. Frames have subsequently been further developed within the design methods literature and are defined as a system of counterfactual design decision-making that uses metaphors to provide a rationale for negotiating ill-structured problems. According to Dorst, frames involve: the creation of a (novel) standpoint from which a problematic situation can be tackled … . Although frames are often paraphrased by a simple metaphor, they are in fact very complex sets of statements that include the specific perception of a problem situation, the (implicit) adoption of certain concepts to describe the situation, a ‘working principle’ that underpins a solution and the key thesis: IF we look at the problem situation from this viewpoint, and adopt the working principle associated with that position, THEN we will create the value we are striving for. (525) Despite Schön choosing to illustrate his original conception of framing through the example of a student’s architectural design project, there has been limited subsequent consideration of framing in architectural studio contexts—an exception being Eissa in 2019. This may be because formalised design methods have tended to be treated with suspicion within architectural culture. For instance, Christopher Alexander’s Pattern Language is one such “highly systemised design process” (Dawes and Ostwald 10) that despite its potential to guide participatory design has had an “uneven reception” (Bhatt 716) within architecture itself. One way architecture as a disciplinary domain and as a profession has attempted to engage with design method is through typology, which is one of the few persistent and recurring notions in architectural discourse (Bandini; Grover et al.). As a system of classification, typology categorises “forms and functions as simply and unequivocally as possible” (Oechslin 37). In addition to being used as a classification system, typology has also been positioned as “a process as much as an object”, one with the potential for an “active role in the process of design” (Lathouri 25). Type and typology have been conceptualised as a particular way of projecting architecture’s “disciplinary agency” (Jacoby 936), and this goes some way to explaining their enduring value. A potentially valid criticism of framing is that it can tend toward “design fixation”, when a pre-existing assumption “inadvertently restricts the designers’ imagination” (Crilly). Similarly, typology-as-method—as opposed to a classification tool—has been criticised for being relatively “inflexible” or “reductive” (Shane 2011) and responsible for perpetuating “conservative, static norms” (Jacoby 932) if applied in a rote and non-reflexive way. We deal with these concerns in the discussion of the deployment of our Typekit below. We are drawing here on our experience teaching in the first two years of undergraduate architecture degrees in Australian university settings. As well as being equipped with a diversity of educational, social, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds, students typically have divergent competencies in the domain-specific skills of their discipline and a limited vocabulary for making shared meaning in relation to an architectural proposal. The challenge for studio-based collaborative work in such a context is developing shared understandings and a common language for working on a design project to enable a variety of different design solutions. The brief for a typical studio project will specify a common site, context, and program. Examples we have used include a bathhouse, fire station, archive, civic centre, and lifesaving club. There will then be multiple design solutions proposed by each studio participant. Significantly we are talking about relatively well-structured problems here, typically a specific building program for a specified site and user group. These are quite unlike the open-ended aims of “problem frames” described in the design thinking literature “to handle ill-defined, open-ended, and ambiguous problems that other problem-solving methodologies fail to handle” (Haase and Laursen 21). However, even for well-structured problems, there is still a multitude of possible solutions possible, generated by students working on a particular project brief. This openness reduces the possibility of making shared meaning and thus hinders participation in architectural design. Designing the Typekit The Typekit was developed heuristically out of our experiences teaching together over several years. As part of our own reflective practice, we realised that we had begun to develop a shared language for describing projects including that of students, our own, precedents and canonical works. Often these took the form of a simple formal or functional metaphor such as “the building is a wall”; “the building is an upturned coracle”; or “the building is a cloud”. While these cognitive shortcuts proved useful for our communication there remained the possibility for this language to become esoteric and exclusionary. On the other hand, we recognised the potential for this approach to be shared beyond our immediate “interpretive community” (Fish 485) of two, and we therefore began to develop a meta-design toolkit. Fig. 1: Hybrid page from the Typekit We began by developing a visual catalogue of formal and functional metaphors already present within the panoply of constructed contemporary architectural projects assembled by surveying the popular design media for relevant source material. Fig. 2: Classification of contemporary architectural built work using Typekit metaphors We then used simple line drawings to generate abstract representations of the observed building metaphors adopting isometry to maintain a level of objectivity and a neutral viewing position (Scolari). The drawings themselves were both revelatory and didactic and by applying what Cross calls “designerly ways of knowing” (Cross 223) the toolkit emerged as both design artefact and output of design research. We recognised two fundamentally different kinds of framing metaphors in the set of architectural projects we surveyed, rule-derived and model-derived—terms we are adapting from Choay’s description of “instaurational texts” (8). Rule-derived types describe building forms that navigate the development of a design from a generic to a specific form (Baker 70–71) through a series of discrete “logical operators” (Choay 134). They tend to follow a logic of “begin with x … perform some operation A … perform some operation B … end up with y”. Examples of such operations include add, subtract, scale-translate-rotate, distort and array. Model-derived framing metaphors are different in the way they aim toward an outcome that is an adapted version of an ideal initial form. This involves selecting an existing type and refining it until it suits the required program, site, and context. Examples of the model-derived metaphors we have used include the hedgehog, caterpillar, mountain, cloud, island, and snake as well as architectural Ur-types like the barn, courtyard, tent, treehouse, jetty, and ziggurat. The framing types we included in the Typekit are a combination of rule-derived and model-derived as well as useful hybrids that combined examples from different categories. This classification provides a construct for framing a studio experience while acknowledging that there are other ways of classifying formal types. Fig. 3: Development of isometric drawings of metaphor-frames After we developed a variety of these line drawings, we carried out a synthesis and classification exercise using a version of the KJ method. Like framing, KJ is a technique of abduction developed for dealing objectively with qualitative data without a priori categorisation (Scupin; Kawakita). It has also become an established and widely practiced method within design research (see, for instance, Hanington and Martin 104–5). Themes were developed from the images, and we aimed at balancing a parsimony of typological categories with a saturation of types, that is to capture all observed types/metaphors and to put them in as few buckets as possible. Fig. 4: Synthesis exercise of Typekit metaphors using the KJ method (top); classification detail (bottom) Deploying the Typekit We have successfully deployed the Typekit in architectural design studios at two universities since we started developing it in 2018. As a general process participants adopt a certain metaphor as the starting point of their design. Doing so provides a frame that prefigures other decisions as they move through a concept design process. Once a guiding metaphor is selected, it structures other decision-making by providing a counterfactual logic (Byrne 30). For instance, if a building-as-ramp is chosen as the typology to be deployed this guides a rationale as to where and how it is placed on the site. People should be able to walk on it; it should sit resolutely on the ground and not be floating above it; it should be made of a massive material with windows and doors appearing to be carved out of it; it can have a green occupiable roof; quiet and private spaces should be located at the top away from street noise; active spaces such as a community hall and entry foyer should be located at the bottom of the ramp … and so on. The adoption of the frame of “building-as-ramp” by its very nature is a crucial and critical move in the design process. It is a decision made early in the process that prefigures both “what” and “how” types of questions as the project develops. In the end, the result seems logical even inevitable but there are many other types that could have potentially been explored and these would have posed different kinds of questions and resulted in different kinds of answers during the process. The selection of a guiding metaphor also allows students to engage with historical and contemporary precedents to offer further insights into the development—as well as refinement—of their own projects within that classification. Even given the well-structured nature of the architectural project, precedents provide useful reference points from which to build domain-specific knowledge and benchmarks to measure the differences in approaches still afforded within each typological classification. We believe that our particular meta-framing approach addresses concerns about design fixation and balances mutual learning with opportunities for individual investigation. We position framing less about finding innovative solutions to wicked problems to become more about finding ways for a group of people to reason together through a design problem process by developing and using shared metaphors. Thus our invocation of framing is aligned to what Haase and Laursen term “solution frames” meaning they have an “operational” meaning-making agenda and provide opportunities for developing shared understanding between individuals engaged in a given problem domain (Haase and Laursen 20). By providing a variety of opportunities within an overarching “frame of frames” there are opportunities for parallel design investigation to be undertaken by individual designers. Meta-framing affords opportunities for shared meaning-making and a constructive discourse between different project outcomes. This occurs whether adopting the same type to enable questions including “How is my building-as-snake different from your building-as-snake?”, “Which is the most snake-like?”, or different types (“In what ways is my building-as-ramp different to your building-as-stair?”) By employing everyday visual metaphors, opportunities for “mutual learning between mutual participants” (Robertson and Simonsen 2) are enhanced without the need for substantial domain-specific architectural knowledge at a project’s outset. We argue that the promise of the toolkit and our meta-framing approach more generally is that it actually multiples rather than forecloses opportunities while retaining a shared understanding and language for reasoning through a project domain. This effectively responds to concerns that typology-as-method is a conservative or reductive approach to architectural design. It is important to clarify the role of our toolkit and its relationship to our theory-building agenda. On the basis of the findings accounted for here we do claim to draw specific conclusions about the efficacy of our toolkit. We simply did not collect experimental data relevant to that task. We can, however, use the example of our toolkit to animate, flesh out, and operationalise a model for collaboration in architectural design that may be useful for teaching and practicing architecture in collaborative, team-based contexts. The contribution of this account, therefore, is theoretical. That is, the adaptation of concepts from design literature modified and translated into a new domain to serve new purposes. The Promise of Meta-Framing through Typology Through our work, we have outlined the benefits of adopting formalised design methods in architecture as a way of supporting participation, including using toolkits for scaffolding architectural concept design. Meta-framing has shown itself to be a useful approach to enable participation in architectural design in a number of ways. It provides coherence of an idea and architectural concept. It assists decision-making in any given scenario because a designer can decide which out of a set of choices makes more sense within the “frame” adopted for the project. The question becomes then not “what do I like?” or “what do I want?” but “what makes sense within the project frame?” Finally and perhaps most importantly it brings a common understanding of a project that allows for communication across a team working on the same problem, supporting a variety of different approaches and problem-solving logics a voice. By combining methodologies and toolkits from the design methods literature with architecture’s domain-specific typological classifications we believe we have developed an effective and adaptive model for scaffolding participation and making shared meaning in architecture studio contexts. References Baker, Geoffrey H. Design Strategies in Architecture: An Approach to the Analysis of Form. 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La comptabilité est un outil de prises de décision des entreprises et leurs partenaires. Les intérêts divergents de l'entreprise peuvent laisser libre cours à la manipulation comptable. L'objectif de ce papier est de relever les différentes formes de manipulation comptable dans les entreprises de l'espace OHADA où l'information comptable et financière permet aux Etats de collecter l'impôt. La collecte des données a été réalisée à partir des notifications de contrôle fiscal de l'administration fiscale au Togo de 2011 à 2019, soit au total les données de 538 entreprises ont été analysé. L'Analyse en Composante Multiple (ACM). La méthode de classification mixte a permis de regrouper les entreprises par classe. Les résultats ont permis de distinguer des manipulations à la baisse et à la hausse. Ces manipulations portent essentiellement sur la comptabilisation des produits fictifs, la surévaluation d'actifs ou la sous- évaluation du passif. Les entreprises commerciales et industrielles ont l'habitude de manipuler les résultats à la baisse.