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Journal articles on the topic 'Addition polymerization. Chemical kinetics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

KROL, PIOTR, and JAN PIELICHOWSKI. "Kinetic models of the step-growth polymerization (condensation polymerization and addition polymerization) processes." Polimery 37, no. 07 (1992): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1992.304.

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2

Ray, W. Harmon. "Modelling of addition polymerization processes - Free radical, ionic, group transfer, and ziegler-natta kinetics." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 69, no. 3 (1991): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450690304.

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3

Wang, Guo-Xiang, Mang Lu, Zhao-Hui Hou, et al. "“Nascent” Fe(0)-mediated living radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile." e-Polymers 14, no. 3 (2014): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2014-0012.

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AbstractIn this work, we reported the synthesis of copolymers of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) via single-electron transfer-living radical polymerization using CCl4 as an initiator and Zn(0)/2,2′-bipyridine (Bpy)/FeCl2 as catalyst complexes. The polymerization was carried out at 25°C. The polymerization proceeded in a living fashion based on “nascent” Fe(0) as the source of the transition metal, which was prepared by Zn(0)/FeCl2 in situ. The kinetic experimental results showed that the copolymerization is first-order kinetics. The molecular weights increased linearly with respect to monomer c

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4

Liu, Pengfei, Charles M. Pearce, Rozalia-Maria Anastasiadi, Marina Resmini, and Ana M. Castilla. "Covalently Crosslinked Nanogels: An NMR Study of the Effect of Monomer Reactivity on Composition and Structure." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020353.

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Covalently crosslinked nanogels are widely explored as drug delivery systems and sensors. Radical polymerization provides a simple, inexpensive, and broadly applicable approach for their preparation, although the random nature of the reaction requires careful study of the final chemical composition. We demonstrate how the different reactivities of the monomers influence the total degree of incorporation into the polymer matrix and the role played by the experimental parameters in maximizing polymerization efficiency. Nanogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, and acrylamide

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5

Mena Silva, Paola Andrea, Isadora Martini Garcia, Julia Nunes, et al. "Myristyltrimethylammonium Bromide (MYTAB) as a Cationic Surface Agent to Inhibit Streptococcus mutans Grown over Dental Resins: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 1 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11010009.

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This in vitro study evaluated the effect of myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MYTAB) on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of an experimental dental resin. The resin was formulated with dental dimetacrylate monomers and a photoinitiator/co-initiator system. MYTAB was added at 0.5 (G0.5%), 1 (G1%), and 2 (G2%) wt %, and one group remained without MYTAB and was used as the control (GCtrl). The resins were analyzed for the polymerization kinetics, degree of conversion, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, and cytotoxicity against hu

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6

Ivanov, Alexander A., Irina V. Alexandrova, and Dmitri V. Alexandrov. "Phase transformations in metastable liquids combined with polymerization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2143 (2019): 20180215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0215.

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This paper is concerned with the theory of nucleation and growth of crystals in a metastable polymer melt with allowance for the polymerization of a monomer. A mathematical model consisting of the heat balance equation, equations governing the particle-radius distribution function and the polymerization degree is formulated. The exact steady-state analytical solutions are found. In the case of unsteady-state crystallization with polymerization, the particle-size distribution function is determined analytically for different space–time regions by means of the Laplace transform. Two functional i

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7

Yang, Xiaoli, Limin Huang, Lihua Zhou, Hao Xu, and Zihan Yi. "A Photochromic Copolymer Hydrogel Contact Lens: From Synthesis to Application." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4374060.

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A photochromic poly(2-hydroxyl-ethyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone-spironaphthoxazine) hydrogel (p(HEMA-NVP-SPO)) has been designed and synthesized by free radical polymerization in this work. The chemical and structural information of hydrogels was investigated by IR spectra, equilibrium water content (EWC), and SEM. The IR spectra confirmed successful synthesis of copolymer. The domain of NVP contributed to not only EWC but also inner structure of hydrogel, while SPO had little influence on these properties of hydrogel. The photochromic behaviors of hydrogel including photochromic properti

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8

Tonoyan, Anahit O., Aram H. Minasyan, Anahit Z. Varderesyan, Armenuhi G. Ketyan, and Sevan P. Davtyan. "Influence of shrinkage of polymer on the stationarity of propagation of frontal polymerization heat waves." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 8 (2019): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0160.

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Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the causes of the formation of nonlinear and spin modes in the process of frontal polymerization (FP). The latter is an autowave process of the propagation of polymerization heat waves, and is a nontraditional method for the synthesis of various polymers and polymeric composites. Monomers of metal-complexes of acrylamide with and without additions of inert and nano-fillers were chosen as objects of study. Research data on dilatometric analysis, as well as on kinetics and macrokinetics of the polymerization processes of the monomers in frontal mode

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9

Curteanu, Silvia. "Modeling and simulation of free radical polymerization of styrene under semibatch reactor conditions." Open Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2003): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02479259.

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AbstractThe first part of this approach is concerned with the elaboration of a radical polymerization model of styrenne, based on a kinetic diagram that includes chemical and thermal initiation, propagation, termination by recombination and chain transfer to the monomer. Furthermore, volume contraction during polymerization is considered, as well as the gel and glass effects. The mathematical formalism that describes the model in terms of moments is explored in detail. The model was then used to predict the changes in monomer conversion and molecular weight after intermediate addition of initi

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10

Sobani, Masoud, Vahid Haddadi-Asl, Seyed-Ataollah Mirshafiei-Langari, Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi, Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani, and Khezrollah Khezri. "A kinetics study on thein situreversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and free radical polymerization of styrene in presence of silica aerogel nanoporous particles." Designed Monomers and Polymers 17, no. 3 (2013): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2013.840496.

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11

Dai, Jiangdong, Zhi Zhu, Jie Yang, and Chunxiang Li. "Magnetic Attapulgite Nanoclay Decorated with Surface Imprinted Polymer Thin Film for Enhanced Selective Recognition and Adsorption of Sulfamethazine." Nano 12, no. 11 (2017): 1750136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017501363.

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Herein, we presented a simple synthetic strategy for fabricating magnetic nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on the surface of attapulgite (ATP), namely the impregnation and pyrolysis method. Subsequently, using magnetic attapulgite as supported core through chemical modification, a novel surface molecularly imprinted nanomaterial (named as MATP/MIPs) was prepared via precipitation polymerization. The obtained MATP/MIPs showed excellent properties by a variety of characterizations including FT-IR, SEM, TEM, VSM, XRD and TGA. Moreover, the adsorption experiments were carried out in aqueous mediu

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12

Böhm, L. "M. Kučera:Mechanism and Kinetics of Addition Polymerizations, Vol. 31 aus der Reihe: Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1992, 569 Seiten. Preis: US $ 340.-." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 96, no. 8 (1992): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19920960826.

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13

Fronza, B. M., I. Y. Rad, P. K. Shah, M. D. Barros, M. Giannini, and J. W. Stansbury. "Nanogel-Based Filler-Matrix Interphase for Polymerization Stress Reduction." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 7 (2019): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519845843.

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A novel filler-resin matrix interphase structure was developed and evaluated for dental composite restoratives. Nanogel additives were chemically attached to the filler surface to use this created interphase as a potential source of compliance to minimize stress development during polymerization. In addition, we evaluated the effects of free nanogel dispersion into the resin matrix, combined or not with nanogel-modified fillers. Nanogels with varied characteristics were synthesized (i.e., size, 5 and 11 nm; glass transition temperature, 28 °C to 65 °C). Glass fillers were treated with trimetho

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14

Qi, Liu, Wang, et al. "Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater." Processes 8, no. 1 (2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010062.

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In this study, a new type of hydrophobic cationic polyacrylamide P (AM-DMC-DABC) (PADD) was synthesized by ultrasonic (US)-initiated polymerization, which is used for the separation and removal of coal mine wastewater. The acrylamide (AM), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DABC) were used as monomers to prepare). The factors that affecting the US initiated polymerization of PADD were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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15

Wang, Hao, Baiyun Zhao, and Li Wang. "Adsorption/desorption performance of Pb2+ and Cd2+ with super adsorption capacity of PASP/CMS hydrogel." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.205.

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Abstract Super-absorbent polyaspartic acid/carboxymethyl Salix psammophila powder (PASP/CMS) hydrogel was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization. PASP/CMS hydrogel was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that PASP/CMS hydrogel is prepared by graft copolymerization of the -COOH of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and the -CH2OH of CMS. The surface of the hydrogel became dense from loose porosity, and Pb2+ and Cd2+ were adsorbed onto the surface of

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16

Hashem, A., F. Ahmad, and R. Fahad. "Application of Some Starch Hydrogels for the Removal of Mercury(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions." Adsorption Science & Technology 26, no. 8 (2008): 563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361708788059866.

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Three types of starch hydrogels were prepared via the graft polymerization of acrylonitrile, AN, onto maize starch using ceric ammonium nitrate, CAN, as the initiator, followed by saponification with sodium hydroxide. The prepared hydrogel samples were characterized by estimating their nitrogen and carboxy group contents, and by the application of FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); in addition, their water retention values, WRVs, were also determined. The feasibility of using these hydrogels to remove Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions

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17

Karimi, Zeynab, Reza Khalili, and Mohammad Ali Zazouli. "Surface modified polythiophene/Al2O3 and polyaniline/Al2O3 nanocomposites using poly(vinyl alcohol) for the removal of heavy metal ions from water: kinetics, thermodynamic and isotherm studies." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (2021): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.224.

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Abstract In this study, polythiophene/Al2O3 (PTh/Al2O3) and polyaniline/Al2O3 (PAn/Al2O3) nanocomposites in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the surfactant were synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method in aqueous medium. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that the Al2O3 and poly(vinyl alcohol) influenced the properties of synthesized nanocomposites. The aim of this research was to investigate the sorption charact

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18

Ashfaq, Aiysha, Marie-Claude Clochard, Xavier Coqueret, et al. "Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122877.

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Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produ

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19

Xiang, Dongwen, Fengman Shen, Xin Jiang, Qiangjian Gao, and Haiyan Zheng. "Effect of Unburned Pulverized Coal on the Melting Characteristics and Fluidity of Blast Furnace Slag." Crystals 11, no. 6 (2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060579.

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A substantial amount of attention has been paid to viscosity due to its substantial effect on the fluid dynamics of molten blast furnace slag and slag metal reaction kinetics during the pyrometallurgy process. To clarify the influence mechanism of unburned pulverized coal (UPC) on blast furnace (BF) slag viscosity, the effects of different contents of UPC on the BF slag viscosity, free-running temperature and viscous flow activation energy were investigated. The slag viscosity was measured by the rotating cylinder method, and the microstructure of the cooled slag was observed by SEM. As a resu

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20

Mustafaeva, Rena E. "SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMER-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS BASED ON COOLIGOMERS OF POLYOXYPROPYLENE GLYCOL AND 4,4'-DIPHENYL-METHANE DIISOCYANATE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 2 (2019): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196202.5764.

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A study was conducted in order to obtain a highly adhesive and highly elastic coating of the adhesive and sealing composition. Cooligomers of polyoxypropylene glycol and 4,4'-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate were obtained and their copolycondensation kinetics was studied. It has been established that the urethane formation reaction proceeds through a migration polymerization based on the addition of mobile hydrogen atoms of the polyester to the nitrogen atom. The morphology of the synthesized cooligomers was studied by IR spectroscopy. It was shown that the combination of cooligomer with butyl ru

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21

Zenati, Athmen, and Yang-Kyoo Han. "Synthesis and characteristics of novel azo-based diblock copolymers and their self-assembly behavior via solvents and thermal annealing." e-Polymers 17, no. 6 (2017): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0042.

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AbstractA series of azo-based diblock copolymers (DBCs) with various compositions were successfully synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in anisole with PCAEMA-CTA (macro-CTA), DOPAM (new acrylamide monomer) and AIBN (initiator). Kinetic studies on diblock copolymerization manifested a controlled/living manner with good molecular weight control. Structures and properties of monomers and DBCs were determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Liquid crystalline

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22

Laurenti, Marco, Marta Grochowicz, Elena Dragoni, Marco Carofiglio, Tania Limongi, and Valentina Cauda. "Biodegradable and Drug-Eluting Inorganic Composites Based on Mesoporous Zinc Oxide for Urinary Stent Applications." Materials 13, no. 17 (2020): 3821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173821.

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Conventional technologies for ureteral stent fabrication suffer from major inconveniences such as the development of encrustations and bacteria biofilm formation. These drawbacks typically lead to the failure of the device, significant patient discomfort and an additional surgery to remove and replace the stent in the worst cases. This work focuses on the preparation of a new nanocomposite material able to show drug elution properties, biodegradation and eventually potential antibacterial activity. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or the crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(a

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23

Tan, Yang, and Khashayar Ghandi. "Kinetics and mechanism of pyrrole chemical polymerization." Synthetic Metals 175 (July 2013): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.05.014.

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24

Braun, Dietrich. "Radical Polymerization: Kinetics and Mechanism." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 54, no. 12 (2006): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20060541232.

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25

Guner, F. Seniha. "Anchovy oil thermal polymerization kinetics." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 74, no. 12 (1997): 1525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0071-7.

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26

SUZUKI, Kiyoshi, and Mamoru NOMURA. "Kinetics of Microemulsion Polymerization." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 64, no. 6 (2007): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.64.343.

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27

Vent, D. P., V. P. Savel’yanov, A. G. Lopatin, and M. A. Safin. "Applied kinetics of styrene suspension polymerization." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 48, no. 3 (2014): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579514030191.

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28

CHERN, CHORNG-SHYAN, and GARY W. POEHLEIN. "KINETICS OF GRAFTING IN SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION." Chemical Engineering Communications 60, no. 1-6 (1987): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986448708912012.

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29

Sanchez, Isaac C. "Irreversible Anionic Polymerization Kinetics Revisited." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 23 (2010): 11890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie1003637.

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30

Chern, Chorng-Shyan, and Gary W. Poehlein. "Kinetics of Crosslinking Vinyl Polymerization." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 29, no. 5-6 (1990): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559008049862.

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31

Ferrero, Franco, Liuba Napoli, Claudio Tonin, and Alessio Varesano. "Pyrrole chemical polymerization on textiles: Kinetics and operating conditions." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 5 (2006): 4121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24149.

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32

Medvedevskikh, Yu G., E. A. Zaglad'ko, A. A. Turovski, Ya P. Scorobogatyi, and G. E. Zaikov. "Kinetics of Three-dimensional Block Polymerization." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 48, no. 2 (2001): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030008050619.

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33

Metkar, Sangeeta, Vivek Sathe, Imran Rahman, Bhaskar Idage, and Susheela Idage. "Ring opening polymerization of lactide: kinetics and modeling." Chemical Engineering Communications 206, no. 9 (2019): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2018.1550395.

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34

Gupta, J. Srinivasalu, Ameya Agge, and D. V. Khakhar. "Polymerization kinetics of rodlike molecules under quiescent conditions." AIChE Journal 47, no. 1 (2001): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690470117.

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35

Katsikas, Lynne, Natasa Nisevic, Milka Ignjatovic, Vladimir Adamovic, Tatjana Djakov, and Ivanka Popovic. "Radical polymerization of monoethyl itaconate." Chemical Industry 57, no. 11 (2003): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0311553k.

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The radical polymerization of monoethyl itaconate (MEI) was investigated in bulk and in solution at 60?C using a,a'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. It was established that the obtained polymer poly(monoethyl itaconate) was insoluble in its monomer, implying that the bulk polymerization of MEI was a precipitation polymerization. The polymerization kinetics of MEI were discussed and compared to the polymerization kinetics of structurally similar alkyl itaconates. The homogeneous radical polymerization of MEI in tetrahydrofuran was not possible in the whole range of monomer/solvent concentra

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36

Choi, Eun Cheol, Seon Mi Jin, Ye Ji Park, and Yangsoo Kim. "Polymerization kinetics for the preparation of poly(p-divinylbenzene) via a miniemulsion polymerization process." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 39, no. 5 (2008): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcice.2008.05.002.

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37

Zhuang, Juewen, S. Sarkar Das, M. D. Nowakowski та S. C. Greer. "Living poly(α-methylstyrene) near the polymerization line 6. Chemical kinetics". Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 244, № 1-4 (1997): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(97)00242-2.

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38

Mezhuev, Ya O., Yu V. Korshak, M. I. Shtilman, and I. S. Strakhov. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of P-Semidine." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 50, no. 5 (2014): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11237-014-9384-4.

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39

Stanković, Rade, Verica Laninović, Slavka Stanković, Slobodan Jovanović, and Milan Vojnović. "Kinetics of the chemical polymerization of pyrrole by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196, no. 3 (1995): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960312.

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40

Hermanson, Kevin D., and Eric W. Kaler. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Multiple Addition Microemulsion Polymerization of Hexyl Methacrylate." Macromolecules 36, no. 6 (2003): 1836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0216223.

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41

Vana, P., J. F. Quinn, T. P. Davis, and C. Barner-Kowollik. "Recent Advances in the Kinetics of Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 7 (2002): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02042.

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42

Krishnan, K., and K. N. Ninan. "Addition polyimide-heat and kinetics of polymerization of bismaleimide modified with bisitaconimide." Thermochimica Acta 189, no. 2 (1991): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87121-c.

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43

Zhuang, Ya-Qing, Xiang Ke, Xiao-Li Zhan, and Zheng-Hong Luo. "Particle kinetics and physical mechanism of microemulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane." Powder Technology 201, no. 2 (2010): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.03.017.

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44

Ibrahim, A. S., Y. A. Ali, H. M. Saad, and I. H. Amur. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Bulk Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride in a Polymerization Reactor." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 12, no. 2 (2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol12iss2pp41-50.

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the third most commonly produced polymer and is important because of its mechanical characteristics. The most common method of PVC manufacturing is the process of suspension. Although, there are several benefits associated with suspension, this study will focus on the bulk polymerization of vinyl chloride; highlight the physical and chemical properties of PVC, which can be changed through an estimation of the optimum ratio that exists between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the polymer’s surface, and propose a new mathematical model which will be helpful fo

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45

HATATE, YASUO, YOUICHI KUROKAWA, HIROSHI HAMADA, ATSUSHI IKARI, and FUMIYUKI NAKASHIO. "Kinetics of styrene slurry polymerization in suspended isooctane droplets." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 18, no. 4 (1985): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.18.293.

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46

MO, Zhihong. "KINETICS OF POLYANILINE FILM FORMATION BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION." Acta Polymerica Sinica 008, no. 12 (2009): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2008.01149.

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47

Avramovic, Milena, Lynne Katsikas, Branko Dunjic, and Ivanka Popovic. "Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization - RAFT." Chemical Industry 58, no. 11 (2004): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0411514a.

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The fundamentals of controlled radical polymerization are presented in this review. The paper focuses on reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The mechanism and specifics of this type of polymerization are discussed, as are the possibilities of synthesizing complex macro-molecular structures. The synthesis and properties of RAFT agents, of the general structure Z-C(=S)-S-R, are presented.

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48

Yu, Yingchuan, Giuseppe Storti, and Massimo Morbidelli. "Kinetics of Ring-Opening Polymerization ofl,l-Lactide." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 13 (2011): 7927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie200117n.

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49

Serra Moreno, J., S. Panero, and B. Scrosati. "Electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole–heparin nanotubes: Kinetics and morphological properties." Electrochimica Acta 53, no. 5 (2008): 2154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.09.045.

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ASFADEH, ABBAS, VAHID HADDADI-ASL, MEHDI SALAMI-KALAJAHI, MOHAMMADREZA SARSABILI, and HOSSEIN ROGHANI-MAMAQANI. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF MCM-41 NANOPARTICLES ON THE KINETICS OF ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE." Nano 08, no. 02 (2013): 1350018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500185.

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Abstract:

Effect of pristine and modified MCM-41 on the kinetics of styrene atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was studied using a double bound containing modifier at 110°C. Conversion, molecular weight and PDI were obtained during the polymerization reactions to study the polymerization kinetics. Addition of the both types of MCM-41 has resulted in inconsiderable variations on the kinetics of polymerization. A similar trend is observed for the molecular weight of the free chains; however, increasing MCM-41 content results in higher PDI values. Also, surface modification of MCM-41 results in lo

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