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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial photography – Equipment and supplies'
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1
Bryn, Mikhail Y., and Dinara R. Bashirova. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION EFFICIENCY OF MOBILE LASER SCANNING AND AERIAL SURVEYING FROM UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR ROAD SURVEY." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 3 (2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-3-20-27.
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The application of mobile laser scanning and aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles for shooting highways is considered. The aim of the research was to compare the results of shooting using mobile laser scanning systems and aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle to de-termine the preferred option for shooting a highway. The experimental part of the research was carried out using the following equipment: scanning was performed using the Topcon IP - S2 Compact sys-tem, aerial photography was carried out from the GEOSCAN 201 unmanned aerial vehicle. Based on the comparative tests performed on the section of the A - 121 "Sortavala" highway, a comparative analysis of the data obtained for various indicators was carried out: the speed of the shooting stages, the cost of a set of equipment, the cost of shooting, and the accuracy of the results was evaluated. Practical recommendations for the application of these methods are given, their advantages and disad-vantages are indicated.
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Dorozhynskyy, O. L. ,., I. Z. Kolb, L. V. Babiy, and L. V. Dychko. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.015.
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Aim. Determination of the elements of external spatial orientation of the surveying systems at the moment of image acquisition is the fundamental task in photogrammetry. Principally, this problem is solving in two ways. The first way is direct positioning and measuring of directions of camera optical axis in the geodetic space with the help of GNSS/INS equipment. The second way is the analytical solution of the problem using a set of reference information (often such information is a set of ground control points whose geodetic positions are known with sufficient accuracy and which are reliably recognised on aerial images of the photogrammetric block). The authors consider the task of providing reference and control information using the second approach, which has a number of advantages in terms of reliability and accuracy of determining the unknown image exterior orientation parameters. It is proposed to obtain additional images of ground control points by the method of their auxiliary aerial photography using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a larger scale compared to the scale of the images of the photogrammetric block. The aim of the presented work is the implementation of the method of creating reference points and experimental confirmation of its effectiveness for photogrammetric processing. Methods and results. For the entire realization of the potential of the analytical way to determine the elements of external orientation of images, it is necessary to have a certain number of ground control points (GCP) and to keep the defined scheme of their location on the photogrammetric block. As the main source of input data authors use UAV aerial images of the terrain, which are obtained separately from the block of aerial survey, and have a better geometric resolution and which clearly depict the control reference points. Application of such auxiliary images gives the possibility of automated transferring of the position of ground control point into images of the main photogrammetric block. In our interpretation, these images of ground control points and their surroundings on the ground are called "control reference images". The basis of the work is to develop a method for obtaining the auxiliary control reference images and transferring of position of GCP depicted on them into aerial or space images of terrain by means of computer stereo matching. To achieve this goal, we have developed a processing method for the creation of control reference images of aerial image or a series of auxiliary multi-scale aerial images obtained by a drone from different heights above the reference point. The operator identifies and measures the GCP once on the auxiliary aerial image of the highest resolution. Then there is an automatic stereo matching of the control reference image in the whole series of auxiliary images in succession with a decrease in the resolution and, ultimately, directly with the aerial images of photogrammetric block. On this stage there are no recognition/cursor targeting by the human operator, and therefore there are no discrepancies, errors or mistakes related to it. In addition, if to apply fairly large size of control reference images, the proposed method can be used on a low-texture terrain, and therefore deal in many cases without the physical marking of points measured by GNSS method. And this is a way to simplify and reduce the cost of photogrammetric technology. The action of the developed method has been verified experimentally to provide the control reference information of the block of archival aerial images of the low-texture terrain. The results of the experimental approbation of the proposed method give grounds to assert that the method makes it possible to perform geodetic reference of photogrammetric projects more efficiently due to the refusal of the physical marking of the area before aerial survey. The proposed method can also be used to obtain the information for checking the quality of photogrammetric survey for provision of check points. The authors argue that the use of additional equipment - UAV of semi-professional class to obtain control reference images is economically feasible. Scientific novelty and practical relevance. The results of approbation of the "control reference image" method with obtaining stereo pairs of aerial images with vertical placement of the base are presented for the first time. There was implemented the study of the properties of such stereo pairs of aerial images to obtain images of reference points. The effectiveness of including reference images in the main block of the digital aerial triangulation network created on UAV’s images is shown.
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Denner, Michele, and Jacobus H. Raubenheimer. "Assessing a potential solution for spatially referencing of historical aerial photography in South Africa." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-26-2018.
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Historical aerial photography has become a valuable commodity in any country, as it provides a precise record of historical land management over time. In a developing country, such as South Africa, that has undergone enormous political and social change over the last years, such photography is invaluable as it provides a clear indication of past injustices and serves as an aid to addressing post-apartheid issues such as land reform and land redistribution. National mapping organisations throughout the world have vast repositories of such historical aerial photography. In order to effectively use these datasets in today’s digital environment requires that it be georeferenced to an accuracy that is suitable for the intended purpose. Using image-to-image georeferencing techniques, this research sought to determine the accuracies achievable for ortho-rectifying large volumes of historical aerial imagery, against the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa, using two different types of scanning equipment. The research conducted four tests using aerial photography from different time epochs over a period of sixty years, where the ortho-rectification matched each test to an already ortho-rectified mosaic of a developed area of mixed land use. The results of each test were assessed in terms of visual accuracy, spatial accuracy and conformance to the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa. The results showed a decrease in the overall accuracy of the image as the epoch range between the historical image and the reference image increased. Recommendations on the applications possible given the different epoch ranges and scanning equipment used are provided.
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BRYN, Mikhail Ya, Dinara R. BASHIROVA, and Artur G. BAGISHYAN. "Comparative evaluation of mobile laser scanning, aerial photography from an unmanned aircraft system and surveying from an integrated road laboratory when performing diagnostics of highways." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, no. 2 (June 2021): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-2-211-221.
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Objective: To compare the possibilities of using mobile laser scanning (MLS) and aerial photography (AFS) from an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and to make a survey from an integrated road laboratory when performing diagnostics of highways. Methods: For the analysis, a section of the regional road in the Kursk region was selected, on which the survey was carried out using considered methods. The main characteristics were identified when performing the diagnostics, their values were obtained on the basis of data from the integrated road laboratory, aerial photography with UAS, as well as ILS, and the accuracy of the results obtained, the compliance of the data with the requirements of regulatory documents were assessed. Results: Based on the work performed, the following conclusions were made: the determination of identified diagnostic parameters by the methods of ILS and APS with UAS is correct and aerial photography with UAS at the cost of equipment, the cost of shooting is the most profitable when drawing up topographic road plans. It is noted that in terms of accuracy, the APS method meets the requirements for plans at a scale of 1:500, MLS – 1:1000. Practical importance: Not all indicators required for diagnostics can be obtained with APS with ALS and MLS, since they require specialized equipment and direct interaction with the road surface, however, the range of application of the selected methods can be significantly expanded. Adhesion coefficient is measured using an integrated mobile road laboratory, so it is not advisable to abandon it. It was noted that the equipment of the laboratory, depending on the cost, may be different
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Sushchenko, Olha, and Andriy Goncharenko. "Design of Robust Systems for Stabilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Equipment." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6054081.
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The paper deals with the structural synthesis of robust system for stabilization of observation equipment operated on unmanned aerial vehicles. The model of the triaxial stabilization system taking into consideration necessary kinematic transformations is developed. The matrix weighting transfer functions ensuring design of the system with the desired amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system are chosen. The features of the robust structural synthesis for the researched system are considered. The structure and parameters of the robust controller, based on robust structural synthesis including the methods of the mixed sensitivity and loop-shaping, are obtained. The results of the synthesized system simulation are represented. The obtained results allow implementing stabilization of observation equipment in difficult conditions of real operation. This improves the quality of photography, mapping, survey, and so forth and gives advantages of accuracy for images representations of the territory flown. The obtained results are significant for stabilization of equipment operated at a moving base.
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Yurchenko, Vladislav I. "DESIGN PECULIARITIES OF THE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FROM AN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 2 (2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-2-65-81.
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The existing publicly available programs for the design of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights assume an initial level of personnel training and do not provide for a detailed study of the aerial pho-tography project (APP) in terms of photogrammetric and visual (photographic) quality of photographic materials, requirements of regulatory documents for the accuracy of the final product. In order to achieve the topographic quality of the APP with UAV, it is necessary to take into account a number of its features. The paper considers the issues of determining the optimal duration of the aerial photog-raphy day and the effective image format when using interchangeable lenses. It also provides the rec-ommended procedure for calculating the parameters of the topographic APP, taking into account the data of the exposure triangle "shutter speed - aperture - photosensitivity (ISO)", requirements for the maximum quality and theoretical resolution of the "lens - digital image" system. The technique of de-termining the position of high-rise objects relative to the boundaries of the depth of field (DOF) at giv-en exposure parameters of the camera and the possibility of their correction is described. Based on the theoretical provisions, the author has developed a program that allows it possible to carry out the com-prehensive design of aerial photography works with UAVs, including consumer cameras to obtain re-sults of topographic quality. According to the results of the carried out research, it was concluded that an iterative approach to the design of APP parameters is necessary based on the data on shoot location, the customer's requirements for accuracy, the characteristics of the UAV, and the used photographic equipment.
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Hlotov, Volodymyr, Alla Hunina, Ihor Kolb, Vadim Kolesnichenko, and Ihor Trevoho. "THE STUDY OF THE “CETUS” UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR TOPOGRAPHIC AERIAL SURVEYING." Geodesy and cartography 47, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.12120.
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The work aims to analyze and study the possibilities of using “Cetus” unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for performing topographic aerial surveys. The authors developed and tested aircraft-type UAV for topographic aerial photography. The studies were conducted on a specialized landfill, at which there is an appropriate number of situational points whose coordinates are determined with high accuracy. These points were used as both reference and control points. The obtained UAV aerial survey materials were subjected to a phototriangulation process to determine the orientation elements and to analyze, first and foremost, the angular orientation elements. The surveying was carried out on a mountainous territory, where the spatial coordinates of 37 situational points were determined by the method of ground-based GPS survey with an average accuracy of up to 0.05 m. These points were used as reference and control points. Aerial photography was performed in such a way that the scale of the images was as uniform as possible. The design solutions implemented in the Cetus UAV provide all the possibilities to perform aerial surveys of territories in strict compliance with the projected flight parameters. UAV equipment provides the necessary real-time correction of the position of the aerial camera. At the same time the optimum straightness of routes, stability of scales and mutual overlapping of pictures is reached. Regarding the accuracy of obtaining the spatial coordinates of the points of terrain objects, using “Cetus” UAV surveys, plans can even be made on a scale of even 1: 1000. As a result of the creation of the UAV “Cetus”, it became possible to perform the topographic aerial survey of the territories and to create large-scale orthophotos that fully meet the instructions. As a result of testing the “Cetus” UAV, it can be used in production processes when drawing up topographic plans for a large-scale series: 1: 1000 – 1: 5000, which will significantly save the cost of performing topographic work.
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Petrova, Teodora. "RESEARCH ON ALGORITHMS FOR FILTRATION OF AERIAL AND RADAR IMAGES." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31061923p.
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In the 1960s a new special science of imagery began to develop – „imagery“, which deals with the study of the general image properties, the goals and tasks of their transformation, the processing and reproduction as well as the recognition of graphic images. Image forming, increasing image quality and the automated processing of aerial images including images captured from satellites, unmanned aircraft, radars equipped with synthesizing equipment and so on, are a subject of a number of researches and developments. The automatic analysis is widely applied in modern monitoring systems as the ones used in overwatch of areas, forests, asserting damage done on crops, reconnaissance and in the fire department services. In this article researches are conducted on the use of different image filtering methods from radar with synthesized aperture and aerial photography. The results indicate that filters can used for image pre-treatment under different scenarios, but the appropriate filter and its parameters need to be carefully selected.
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Cao, Zhi Wei, Yi Ming Zhang, and Xu Zhang. "Analysis of Active Clamp Forward Converter of UAV ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.48.
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The Forward Switch mode power supply is good selection for power supplies of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Compared with the conventional forward converter, there is one auxiliary switch in the active clamp forward converter to recycle the energy stored in the transformer leakage in order to minimize the voltage stress of the main switch. The power system is designed and the operation characteristics of the active switching power supply are revealed by analysis a typical second-order system in this paper. Active Clamp Forward Converter reduce the generation of EMI, the EMC of UAV equipment is greatly improved. The results of the analysis are verified by SPICE simulation.
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Bezmenov, V. M., and K. I. Safin. "Researching the accuracy of determining spatial coordinates through processing images from drones." Geodesy and Cartography 967, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2021-967-1-45-55.
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The authors present the results of numerical experiments aimed to determine the mean square error, which can be used to obtain the spatial coordinates of the object’s under study points through processing images obtained from UAVs using only on-Board global satellite and inertial navigation equipment on drones. At those experiments, aerial photography from the UAVs was modeled for mapping and solving the engineering task of creating a three-dimensional building (structure) model. A pair of images was simulated for the research. The results using the characteristics of the GNSS inertial solutions Trimble АРХ-15 UAV and Trimble АРХ-20 UAV are presented. The experiments show that at solving engineering tasks under conditions corresponding to an arbitrary case of aerial photography, in order to determinie the spatial coordinates with the mean square error not more than 15 mm, the same error of determining the linear elements of external orientation should be 2–5 mm, and the angular elements 10–20ʺ. This significantly exceeds the characteristics corresponding to the post-processing mode for the specified GNSS-inertial solutions. The authors show the effect of angular elements’ external orientation errors to resulting the mean square error of each coordinate and a possible approach to reducing it.
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Musić, Josip, Irena Orović, Tea Marasović, Vladan Papić, and Srdjan Stanković. "Gradient Compressive Sensing for Image Data Reduction in UAV Based Search and Rescue in the Wild." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6827414.
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Search and rescue operations usually require significant resources, personnel, equipment, and time. In order to optimize the resources and expenses and to increase the efficiency of operations, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and aerial photography is considered for fast reconnaissance of large and unreachable terrains. The images are then transmitted to control center for automatic processing and pattern recognition. Furthermore, due to the limited transmission capacities and significant battery consumption for recording high resolution images, in this paper we consider the use of smart acquisition strategy with decreased amount of image pixels following the compressive sensing paradigm. The images are completely reconstructed in the control center prior to the application of image processing for suspicious objects detection. The efficiency of this combined approach depends on the amount of acquired data and also on the complexity of the scenery observed. The proposed approach is tested on various high resolution aerial images, while the achieved results are analyzed using different quality metrics and validation tests. Additionally, a user study is performed on the original images to provide the baseline object detection performance.
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Korolyov, Vyacheslav, Maksim Ogurtsov, and Alexander Khodzinsky. "Statement of the Problem of Complete Set of UAV Group on the Basis of Models of Granular Calculations and Fuzzy Logic." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.21.2.3.
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Introduction. The increase in the number of heterogeneous groups of UAVs that jointly perform aerial photography missions generates a large amount of poorly structured information: videos, photos, telemetry records, navigation data. To build intelligent databases from unstructured information sources from UAV groups, granular computational approaches are proposed. These approaches are the basis for the application of Big Data technologies and artificial intelligence to increase situational awareness or commercial value of knowledge gained from the data flow from UAV groups. The purpose of the article. Develop new models for assessing the quality of video data from UAVs, approaches to equipping heterogeneous groups of UAVs and indicators for assessing its tactical and technical characteristics as a team. Results. The success of UAV group mission planning is based on the forecast of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the received video data. For this purpose, a model for forecasting the quality of the obtained aerial photographs based on the data on the speed, height of the UAV and the angle of the video camera is proposed. The model is based on the development of the theory of fuzzy sets of the first and second types. An example of the implementation of the model in the system of computer mathematics MatLab 2020b is given. Based on the analysis of a number of works on UAV classification and the proposed model of image quality, the method of equipment for the UAV group and the choice of UAV types are built, as well as the content of the combinatorial optimization problem based on the classic backpack problem. An example of calculations of tactical and technical characteristics for the Ukrainian UAV "Spectator" of Meridian ltd. is given. Conclusions. A new model for assessing the quality of aerial photography images based on fuzzy logic has been developed. The method of staffing UAV groups is proposed. Keywords: Fuzzy logic, granular calculations, UAV equipment, heterogeneous groups, computer simulation.
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Dolotov, Vyacheslav V., Yuri N. Goryachkin, and Andrey V. Dolotov. "Analysis of the current state of unstable geomorphological structures with modern methods." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-20.
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The paper gives results of the digitization of the status and spatial position of a cliff in the Western Crimea coastal zone. The modern equipment and methods accelerate the survey from the time perspective and improve the quality of the outcomes; namely a high precision GNSS receiver in RTK mode and PHANTOM-3 PRO copter. The digital terrain model was generated with used the Agisoft Photoscan software. The paper shows that the precision of the mathematical model of the relief constructed by aerial photographs provides more detailed data in comparison to those obtained in the field observations. Furthermore, aerial photography makes it possible to calculate the number of spatial characteristics of hazardous for surveying and latent natural objects out of reach for an on-location investigation. As a result, the very detailed data about current condition of dangerous cliff were obtained. The paper also evaluates the linear and volumetric characteristics of cleavages that are prone to collapse.
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Honcharuk, A., V. Oleniev, V. Shlapak, V. Didyk, and N. Oleniev. "THE DETERMINATION OF THE PROSPECTIVE COMPOSITION OF THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AS A PART OF COMBAT EQUIPMENT COMPLEXES OF SERVICEMENOF MILITARY RECONNAISSAHCE UNITS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 2, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.46-54.
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In a certain perspective, the development of military equipment of military personnel should be aimed at equipping the military units with modern models of small arms that meet the world standards in terms of aiming, range and accuracy of shooting, armor-piercing, ammunition, energy supply, weight indicators etc. The priorities of logistical support are determined by: equipping the personnel with modern combat equipment complexes, which will consist of field uniforms at the level of the best world samples and personal protective equipment, night vision devices, navigation and communication equipment (with the necessary level of energy supply, energy security, security); search for new materials and technologies for the protection of manpower, terrestrial and aerial vehicles (composite nanostructured masking coatings with high thermal conductivity to reduce the likelihood of detection in the infrared spectrum by means of observation, detection, recognition) etc. The Individual Equipment Set of Personnel (IESP) remains one of the most important components that contributes to improving combat effectiveness and reducing personnel losses when performing combat missions. At the present stage of IESP development, priority is given to the creation of advanced systems of defeat, control and communication, protection, life support and energy supply, as well as increased soldier maneuverability in combat at the turn of 2020. A generalized analysis of the main tasks of creating a combat equipment complex (CEC) for the serviceman of the Armed Forces of Ukraine makes it possible to state that the fulfillment of all the intended goals and tasks should be ensured and accompanied by a highly effective system of scientific research and scientific support of the state programs of development of all systems and elements of the CEC. The power supply system and its components (chargers, power supplies, power converters and transmitters, means of controlling the system components) are one of the most important components of equipment. The most important stage of substantiation of the perspective composition of the energy supply system (chargers, power sources, means of transformation and transmission of electricity, means of controlling the performance of system components) in the complexes of combat equipment of military intelligence units is a complex assessment of the contribution to the effectiveness of combat based on mathematical modeling of fighting. According to the basic principles of the system approach, when developing requirements for individual subsystems, it is necessary to proceed from the basic purpose of the whole system as a whole, expressed in terms of its efficiency. This approach to the study of the energy supply system (chargers, power supplies, means of transformation and transmission of power, means of monitoring the performance of system components) in the complexes of military equipment of military intelligence units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine allows to choose rational option from the many options and direct the priority direction of upgrading of power supply system (chargers, power supplies, means of conversion and transmission of electricity, means of controlling work system components) in the complexes of military equipment of military personnel.
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Gonçalves, J. A., N. Jordão, and A. Pinhal. "ORIENTATION OF UAV IMAGE BLOCKS BY SURFACE MATCHING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-317-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Topographic maps are produced in Portugal by the Army Geospatial Data Centre, based on a geographical database collected from aerial photography in resolutions from 0.30 to 0.50&thinsp;m. Each map sheet is revised with an update interval of 10 years or more. Many changes, such as new roads or power lines, would be possible to update with much higher frequency using UAV imagery. Although the nominal scale of the published paper map sheets is 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;25,000, the actual positional accuracy requirement is of 1 meter, which is compatible with larger scales. Exterior orientation parameters obtained by UAV navigation equipment does not have enough accuracy for that. This paper deals with a method to automatically improve the UAV exterior orientation, intended to be compatible with the positional accuracy standards of the geographic database. The method is based on matching a point cloud derived from UAV imagery, without GCPs, with a reference DSM obtained from conventional aerial photographs, which were oriented by standard aerial triangulation. Results allowed to improve the UAV data to a positional accuracy of 1 meter, making it compatible with the requirements established for the geographic database.</p>
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Werle, Dirk. "Historical air photo missions in the Maritimes during the early 1920s: coverage, thematic scope, and utility 100 years later." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 51, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i1.10780.
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The historical and technological developments of powered flight and aerial photography have early connections in the Maritimes. Following the Great War (1914-18), a series of pioneering survey missions were initiated by the Canada Air Board in the civilian domain. From a science perspective, the air photos offer a unique opportunity for the detection of environmental change at an unusual centennial time scale. The missions of the early 1920s initially relied on military surplus seaplanes and innovative camera equipment that yielded several thousand high-resolution vertical air photos. This paper is focussed on the scope and outcome of the first experiments carried out over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick between 1921 and 1925, prior to more systematic use for topographic mapping during the remainder of that decade. The research is based on archival records and partial reconstruction of the digitized air photos into image mosaics. Photo interpretation and comparison with recent high-resolution satellite imagery offer insights concerning land use and land cover changes, coastal dynamics, and transformation of urban, rural and industrial landscapes. Experience todate with these early air photos and mosaics of the Maritimes holds promise for examining similar aerial survey missions in other parts of Canada.
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Samaratungga, Oscar. "EKSPLORASI TEKNIS FOTOGRAFI UDARA POROS IMAJINER DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." REKAM: Jurnal Fotografi, Televisi, dan Animasi 14, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v14i2.2305.
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Yogyakarta adalah kota yang unik dan istimewa, salah satunya karena adanya filosofi tentang garis imajiner. Garis imajiner itu sudah menjadi wacana lama, tetapi tetap menarik untuk menjadi pembahasan. Kota ini terbelah sebuah oleh sumbu imajiner yang menghubungkan Gunung Merapi – Tugu Pal Putih – Keraton – Panggung Krapyak – Parangtritis. Dilihat dari peta, juga bisa dilihat jika Merapi, Keraton, dan Pantai Selatan ini memang berada di satu garis lurus secara imajiner. Filosofi garis lurus imajiner dari Merapi hingga Laut Selatan ini sarat makna. Untuk masyarakat di Yogyakarta, Gunung Merapi, Laut Selatan, dan Keraton Yogyakarta mengandung makna penting. Kehidupan di dunia merupakan sebuah harmoni antara mikrokosmos (jagat cilik) dan makrokosmos (jagat gede). Keharmonisan itu harus dijaga satu sama lain, tidak boleh terjadi ketimpangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana melakukan eksplorasi pemotretan udara atas poros imajiner dikaitkan dengan teknis kreatif dan aspek estetis yang dapat mengungkap kekhasan wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pemotretan yang akan dilakukan adalah pemotretan melalui udara menggunakan drone, sebuah peralatan dan teknologi baru yang sedang berkembang dalam dunia fotografi saat ini. Lokasi yang akan direkam dan didokumentasikan adalah lima titik yang ada dalam poros imajiner tersebut, yaitu Gunung Merapi, Tugu Pal Putih, Keraton, Panggung Krapyak, dan Parangtritis. Salah satu kekuatan dalam fotografi udara dengan menggunakan drone adalah keleluasaan dalam menempatkan kamera. Keleluasaan penempatan kamera tersebut membuka ruang eksplorasi dalam mengambil gambar dari berbagai sudut yang berbeda. Gambar dari sudut yang berbeda tersebut dapat memberikan cara pandang yang berbeda pula. Hal ini berarti ruang hampir tidak terbatas untuk mengekplorasi berbagai sudut yang mungkin sulit dijangkau ketika menggunakan medium fotografi lainnya. ABSTRACTAerial Photography Technical Exploration of the Special Region of Yogyakarta’s Imaginary Axis. Yogyakarta is a unique and special city, one of them is because of the philosophy of the Imaginary Line. Although the imaginary line has become an old discourse, it is still interesting to be discussed. The city is split by an imaginary axis connecting Mount Merapi - Tugu Pal Putih - Keraton - Panggung Krapyak –Parangtritis. Explored from the map, it can also be seen that Merapi, Keraton and South Coast are indeed in one imaginary straight line. The philosophy of imaginary straight lines from Merapi to the South Sea is full of meaning. For people in Yogyakarta, Mount Merapi, the South Sea, and Yogyakarta Palace, they have their own important meaninga. Life in the world is a harmony between the microcosm (the universe) and the macrocosm (big universe). The harmony must be maintained with each other, inequality must not occur. The purpose of this study is to explore aerial photography of an imaginary axis associated with creative technical and aesthetic aspects that can reveal the peculiarities of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The photos taken are aerial photography using Drones, a new equipment and technology that is developing in the world of photography today. The locations that were recorded and documented were the five points in the imaginary axis, namely Mount Merapi, Tugu Pal Putih, Keraton, Panggung Krapyak, and Parangtritis. One of the strengths in aerial photography using drones is the flexibility in placing the camera. The flexibility of placing the camera opens an exploration of space in taking pictures from different angles, because images from different angles can provide a different perspective. This means there is an unlimited space to explore various angles that may be difficult to reach when using other photography mediums.
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Niyazgulov, U. D., F. H. Niyazgulov, and A. V. Krivous. "Investigation of the accuracy of determining the geometry of the railway track using digital images." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 1 (2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-1-55-61.
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Digital infrastructure as an element of the «Digital Railway» of JSC «Russian Railways» involves the provision of objective, complete and up-to-date information about infrastructure facilities in digital form to solve a wide range of tasks - from engineering surveys carried out as part of the construction, repair and reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities to the operation of autonomous (unmanned) rolling stock. One of the methods of obtaining such information is digital photogrammetry. At the same time, the highest measurement accuracy is required when determining the geometry of the railway track. When determining the geometry of the railway track with high accuracy through digital images, it becomes necessary to take into account not only the parameters of aerial photography and the quality of digital images, but also the features of image processing programs. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the accuracy of determining the geometry of the railway track using digital images as a result of processing them on the digital photogrammetric systems (DFS) PHOTOMOD and Agisoft Metashape (PhotoScan). The technical characteristics (CFS) of PHOTOMOD and Agisoft Metashape (PhotoScan) are given, the goals, objectives and content of the experimental studies performed are considered, the features of the experimental object, the characteristics of the aerial survey equipment and the methods of control determinations are described.
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Conn, Paul B., Vladimir I. Chernook, Erin E. Moreland, Irina S. Trukhanova, Eric V. Regehr, Alexander N. Vasiliev, Ryan R. Wilson, Stanislav E. Belikov, and Peter L. Boveng. "Aerial survey estimates of polar bears and their tracks in the Chukchi Sea." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0251130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251130.
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Polar bears are of international conservation concern due to climate change but are difficult to study because of low densities and an expansive, circumpolar distribution. In a collaborative U.S.-Russian effort in spring of 2016, we used aerial surveys to detect and estimate the abundance of polar bears on sea ice in the Chukchi Sea. Our surveys used a combination of thermal imagery, digital photography, and human observations. Using spatio-temporal statistical models that related bear and track densities to physiographic and biological covariates (e.g., sea ice extent, resource selection functions derived from satellite tags), we predicted abundance and spatial distribution throughout our study area. Estimates of 2016 abundance (N ^ *) ranged from 3,435 (95% CI: 2,300-5,131) to 5,444 (95% CI: 3,636-8,152) depending on the proportion of bears assumed to be missed on the transect line during Russian surveys (g(0)). Our point estimates are larger than, but of similar magnitude to, a recent estimate for the period 2008-2016 (N ^ * = 2 , 937; 95% CI 1,522-5,944) derived from an integrated population model applied to a slightly smaller area. Although a number of factors (e.g., equipment issues, differing platforms, low sample sizes, size of the study area relative to sampling effort) required us to make a number of assumptions to generate estimates, it establishes a useful lower bound for abundance, and suggests high spring polar bear densities on sea ice in Russian waters south of Wrangell Island. With future improvements, we suggest that springtime aerial surveys may represent a plausible avenue for studying abundance and distribution of polar bears and their prey over large, remote areas.
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Nazaruddin, Nazaruddin. "PEMETAAN MELALUI FOTO UDARA PADA LAHAN MARGINAL (TIDUR) YANG BERPOTENSI UNTUK DIJADIKAN LAHAN PERKEBUNAN DI DESA BINAMANG, KECAMATAN XIII KOTO KAMPAR, KABUPATEN KAMPAR, PROVINSI RIAU." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v3i1.2066.
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The area of Binamang Village has potential area to develop its plantation. Besides being suitable for planting oil palm and rubber commodities, Binamang village is also suitable to be developed by its plantations in the commodities of brown, gambier and gaharu. This is also supported by the large amount of marginal (non productif) land that has not been used in the village of Binamang. However, some of these marginal area are the Koto Panjang PLTA lake catchment area. Clear and detailed mapping is need to classify of marginal area which is potential to be used as plantation land in this area. This is done so that there will be no conflicts in the future. In addition, this mapping data is also useful as information data for potential investors who intend to invest their funds in the plantation sector in Binamang Village.
To classify the marginal area which is not the Koto Panjang hydropower (PLTA) lake catchment area, a team of lecturers from the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Riau carried out community service activities in the village of Binamang, in the form of build maps of marginal area that could potentially be used as plantation / agriculture. This map is equipped with a geospatial information system. This mapping activity was carried out by using aerial photographing methods through Unmanned Aircraft by involving students of Riau University and local village equipment. This aerial photography activity is carried out at an altitude of 250 meters above ground level. With this method, all marginal areas in Binamang village can be mapped quickly and in detail.
Based on calculations carried out through aerial photographic maps that have been injected with GPS coordinates, the marginal area that has the potential to be developed into plantations in Binamang Village is about 40 hectares. This result can be a reference for relevant stakeholders in planning the development of plantation areas in Binamang Village. The results of aerial maps can also be used by local policy makers in planning the spatial layout of Binamang Village.
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Bilous, A. M., P. P. Diachuk, R. M. Zadorozhniuk, M. S. Matsala, and M. M. Burianchuk. "Accuracy of selected methods of measurement of tree heights." Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2021.01.001.
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In this paper, the possibilities of using stereophotogrammetry methods for measurements using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the conditions of a mature pine stand with uneven density are examined. Here, we carried out a comparison of measurements using altimeters and remote sensing data collected with a UAV optical camera. In particular, the height of growing trees was estimated by three different field-based devices and applying the three methods of data collection and processing with UAVs. Specifically, one method implied the direct measurements using on-board UAV equipment. The following two methods are based on the data provided by the stereophotogrammetrical approach, while the aerial images for that were collected using a UAV optical camera. In particular, there was a modeling of the points cloud from one-sided vertical shooting of sample trees and determination of height of trees from digital canopy height model (CHM) from data of aerial photography of horizontal spans over a stand. Our investigation confirmed the highest accuracy of laser measuring tools among the ground measuring devices used in research. Respective value of the average random measurement error was less than 3 % (0.88 m). Among the results obtained from the analysis of the original data collected by UAVs, the best method was to utilize the CHM, namely, the average random error was less than 2% (0.64 m). This exceeds the accuracy of laser altimeter measurements 33 %. Thus, this method of measuring height in pine stands meets the standards of accuracy in determining the height for production assessment, according to the “Inventory guidelines for the forest fund of Ukraine”, and can be used for survey, inventory, forest management and other works related to forestry and monitoring the changes in forest ecosystems.
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Feurer, Denis, Olivier Planchon, Mohamed Amine El Maaoui, Abir Ben Slimane, Mohamed Rached Boussema, Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny, and Damien Raclot. "Using kites for 3-D mapping of gullies at decimetre-resolution over several square kilometres: a case study on the Kamech catchment, Tunisia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 6 (June 7, 2018): 1567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1567-2018.
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Abstract. Monitoring agricultural areas threatened by soil erosion often requires decimetre topographic information over areas of several square kilometres. Airborne lidar and remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) imagery have the ability to provide repeated decimetre-resolution and -accuracy digital elevation models (DEMs) covering these extents, which is unrealistic with ground surveys. However, various factors hamper the dissemination of these technologies in a wide range of situations, including local regulations for RPAS and the cost for airborne laser systems and medium-format RPAS imagery. The goal of this study is to investigate the ability of low-tech kite aerial photography to obtain DEMs with decimetre resolution and accuracy that permit 3-D descriptions of active gullying in cultivated areas of several square kilometres. To this end, we developed and assessed a two-step workflow. First, we used both heuristic experimental approaches in field and numerical simulations to determine the conditions that make a photogrammetric flight possible and effective over several square kilometres with a kite and a consumer-grade camera. Second, we mapped and characterised the entire gully system of a test catchment in 3-D. We showed numerically and experimentally that using a thin and light line for the kite is key for a complete 3-D coverage over several square kilometres. We thus obtained a decimetre-resolution DEM covering 3.18 km2 with a mean error and standard deviation of the error of +7 and 22 cm respectively, hence achieving decimetre accuracy. With this data set, we showed that high-resolution topographic data permit both the detection and characterisation of an entire gully system with a high level of detail and an overall accuracy of 74 % compared to an independent field survey. Kite aerial photography with simple but appropriate equipment is hence an alternative tool that has been proven to be valuable for surveying gullies with sub-metric details in a square-kilometre-scale catchment. This case study suggests that access to high-resolution topographic data on these scales can be given to the community, which may help facilitate a better understanding of gullying processes within a broader spectrum of conditions.
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Shafiee, Mahmood, Zeyu Zhou, Luyao Mei, Fateme Dinmohammadi, Jackson Karama, and David Flynn. "Unmanned Aerial Drones for Inspection of Offshore Wind Turbines: A Mission-Critical Failure Analysis." Robotics 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10010026.
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With increasing global investment in offshore wind energy and rapid deployment of wind power technologies in deep water hazardous environments, the in-service inspection of wind turbines and their related infrastructure plays an important role in the safe and efficient operation of wind farm fleets. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA)—commonly known as “drones”—for remote inspection of wind energy infrastructure has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Drones have significant potential to reduce not only the number of times that personnel will need to travel to and climb up the wind turbines, but also the amount of heavy lifting equipment required to carry out the dangerous inspection works. Drones can also shorten the duration of downtime needed to detect defects and collect diagnostic information from the entire wind farm. Despite all these potential benefits, the drone-based inspection technology in the offshore wind industry is still at an early stage of development and its reliability has yet to be proven. Any unforeseen failure of the drone system during its mission may cause an interruption in inspection operations, and thereby, significant reduction in the electricity generated by wind turbines. In this paper, we propose a semiquantitative reliability analysis framework to identify and evaluate the criticality of mission failures—at both system and component levels—in inspection drones, with the goal of lowering the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs as well as improving personnel safety in offshore wind farms. Our framework is built based upon two well-established failure analysis methodologies, namely, fault tree analysis (FTA) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). It is then tested and verified on a drone prototype, which was developed in the laboratory for taking aerial photography and video of both onshore and offshore wind turbines. The most significant failure modes and underlying root causes within the drone system are identified, and the effects of the failures on the system’s operation are analysed. Finally, some innovative solutions are proposed on how to minimize the risks associated with mission failures in inspection drones.
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Basu, Christopher K., Francois Deacon, John R. Hutchinson, and Alan M. Wilson. "The running kinematics of free-roaming giraffes, measured using a low cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)." PeerJ 7 (February 12, 2019): e6312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6312.
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The study of animal locomotion can be logistically challenging, especially in the case of large or unhandleable animals in uncontrolled environments. Here we demonstrate the utility of a low cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in measuring two-dimensional running kinematics from free-roaming giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) in the Free State Province, South Africa. We collected 120 Hz video of running giraffes, and calibrated each video frame using metatarsal length as a constant object of scale. We tested a number of methods to measure metatarsal length. The method with the least variation used close range photography and a trigonometric equation to spatially calibrate the still image, and derive metatarsal length. In the absence of this option, a spatially calibrated surface model of the study terrain was used to estimate topographical dimensions in video footage of interest. Data for the terrain models were collected using the same equipment, during the same study period. We subsequently validated the accuracy of the UAV method by comparing similar speed measurements of a human subject running on a treadmill, with treadmill speed. At 8 m focal distance we observed an error of 8% between the two measures of speed. This error was greater at a shorter focal distance, and when the subject was not in the central field of view. We recommend that future users maximise the camera focal distance, and keep the subject in the central field of view. The studied giraffes used a grounded rotary gallop with a speed range of 3.4–6.9 ms−1 (never cantering, trotting or pacing), and lower duty factors when compared with other cursorial quadrupeds. As this pattern might result in adverse increases in peak vertical limb forces with speed, it was notable to find that contralateral limbs became more in-phase with speed. Considering the latter pattern and the modest maximal speed of giraffes, we speculate that tissue safety factors are maintained within tolerable bounds this way. Furthermore, the angular kinematics of the neck were frequently isolated from the pitching of the body during running; this may be a result of the large mass of the head and neck. Further field experiments and biomechanical models are needed to robustly test these speculations.
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Luo, Zhang, Wang, Wang, and Meng. "Traffic Patrolling Routing Problem with Drones in an Urban Road System." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 5164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235164.
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The remarkable development of various sensor equipment and communication technologies has stimulated many application platforms of automation. A drone is a sensing platform with strong environmental adaptability and expandability, which is widely used in aerial photography, transmission line inspection, remote sensing mapping, auxiliary communication, traffic patrolling, and other fields. A drone is an effective supplement to the current patrolling business in road traffic patrolling with complex urban buildings and road conditions and a limited ground perspective. However, the limited endurance of patrol drones can be directly solved by vehicles that cooperate with drones on patrolling missions. In this paper, we first proposed and studied the traffic patrolling routing problem with drones (TPRP-D) in an urban road system. Considering road network equations and the heterogeneity of patrolling tasks in the actual patrolling process, we modeled the problem as a double-layer arc routing problem (DL-ARP). Based on graph theory and related research work, we present the mixed integer linear programming formulations and two-stage heuristic solution approaches to solve practical-sized problems. Through analysis of numerical experiments, the solution method proposed in this paper can quickly provide an optimal path planning scheme for different test sets, which can save 9%–16% of time compared with traditional vehicle patrol. At the same time, we analyze several relevant parameters of the patrol process to determine the effect of coordinated traffic patrol. Finally, a case study was completed to verify the practicability of the algorithm.
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Astapova, M. A., and E. A. Аksamentov. "Use of Spectral Landscape Indices for Obstacle Detection in the Tasks of Mobile Robotic Platforms Navigation in Agricultural Areas." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 25, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2021-25-1-66-81.
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Purpose or research is to develop an algorithm for detecting obstacles on the orthophotomap based on the analysis of the spectral landscape indices in the tasks of mobile robotic equipment navigation in agricultural areas.Methods. The following landscape indices characterizing objects of various types on a map obtained by spectral aerial photography have been considered in the paper: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized building difference index (NDBI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). These indices provide an assessment of the four main classes of objects on the map: vegetation, buildings, water bodies, and soil cover. An algorithm that provides the segmentation of zones on the map which are impassable for ground robotic means using multispectral images and the considered indices was proposed.Results. Each image is presented in the form of a colour map based on the pixel-by-pixel calculation of the indicated indices. In this case, three indices, i.e. SAVI, NDWI, NDBI, are combined (superimposed on each other), and then the NDVI layer is subtracted from the resulting image to highlight the passable zones. Thus, a formula to obtain a mask of obstacles in the image was obtained. Hence, this algorithm allows generalizing the results of calculations for all selected indices and constructing a mask of obstacles in the image. For quantitative assessment the of the algorithm execution, the area of obstacles was calculated using the indices on a sample of manually marked images. The experiments conducted show that the developed algorithm provides, on average, detection of 85.47 % of the area of all impassable zones in the images in the above classes of land cover.Conclusion. An algorithm for the automated detection of obstacles on a map obtained from a spectral orthophotomap of the area for use in the tasks of mobile robotic equipment navigation in agricultural areas has been developed and tested. In the further research, to determine flat soil areas, it is planned to modify the developed solution using the improved modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI).
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Reid, Mark E., Jonathan W. Godt, Richard G. LaHusen, Stephen L. Slaughter, Thomas C. Badger, Brian D. Collins, William H. Schulz, et al. "When hazard avoidance is not an option: lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA." Landslides 18, no. 9 (June 18, 2021): 2993–3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01686-6.
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AbstractOn 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale slope collapses. In an effort to ensure worker safety, multiple agencies cooperated to swiftly deploy a monitoring and alerting system consisting of sensors, automated data processing and web-based display, along with defined communication protocols and clear calls to action for emergency management and search personnel. Guided by the principle that an accelerating landslide poses a greater threat than a steadily moving or stationary mass, the system was designed to detect ground motion and vibration using complementary monitoring techniques. Near real-time information was provided by continuous GPS, seismometers/geophones, and extensometers. This information was augmented by repeat-assessment techniques such as terrestrial and aerial laser scanning and time-lapse photography. Fortunately, no major additional landsliding occurred. However, we did detect small headscarp failures as well as slow movement of the remaining landslide mass with the monitoring system. This was an exceptional response situation and the lessons learned are applicable to other landslide disaster crises. They underscore the need for cogent landslide expertise and ready-to-deploy monitoring equipment, the value of using redundant monitoring techniques with distinct goals, the benefit of clearly defined communication protocols, and the importance of continued research into forecasting landslide behavior to allow timely warning.
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Канаев, Михаил, Mikhail Kanaev, Олег Карпов, Oleg Karpov, Сергей Васильев, Sergey Vasilev, Марат Фатхутдинов, and Marat Fathutdinov. "THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE SCAFFOLDER AND SOIL INTERACTION." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17448.
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The purpose of research is to improve the dosing of mineral fertilizers sowing unit, depending on the physico-mechanical properties of the soil. In modern technologies of precision farming with differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, data from various sensors, results of analyzes of soil samples and aerial photography are mainly used, without taking into account factor such as the depth of the humus horizon, which largely determines the soil fertility. On the basis of the Samara State Agricultural Academy, studies are underway on the effect of the depth of the humus horizon on the fertility of the soil. Several machines have been developed for differentiating mineral fertilizers with spreader and cultivator. Currently, a system of differentiated application of mineral fertilizers is being developed for sowing agricultural crops and it is planned to produce a set of equipment for a standard seeder UCS-8 Vesta. A constructive scheme of the device for determining the traction resistance is presented, which is closely related to the depth of occurrence of the humus layer. The main working element of this device is a deformer in the form of a knife, with a dihedral grinding. The article presents theoretical studies of the effect of forces acting on a deformer. Based on the results of the theoretical justification of the technological process of the proposed scheme for determining the traction resistance, the load dependencies on the strain gauge link were derived depending on the drag resistance of the deformer, which is determined by its basic design and technological parameters and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The obtained dependences of the traction resistance of the working organs of the tillage implement will theoretically determine the additional energy costs from the introduction of the deformer in the design stage at the design stage of the machine and outline the directions for their optimization.
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Dyachenko, Alla, and Karina Bogomaz. "DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF THE MODEL RANGE SAFE SERVICE EQUIPMENT AGROPROMISLOVOE SECTOR." Young Scientist 11, no. 87 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2020-11-87-2.
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The article discusses the issues of promising directions for improving monitoring tools and methods (information transfer to the operator in real time, thanks to video surveillance, fires are searched, survey of the territory), fire extinguishing (the arrival of a fire drone at the place of call at specified coordinates; fire identification by means of observation and control ; starting the fire extinguishing module; position stabilization when supplying fire extinguishing agents.), processing of fields (remote monitoring and control of accurate data on the topography of fields with all information about the unused area within the field using surveillance cameras; precision farming – using a drone with a combination of multispectral sensors, software products allows you to determine the need for plants in nitrogen fertilizers and other micro- and macronutrients, watering the field, analyzing the quality of the performed sowing work and even planning the harvest.). Analyzed digital methods of monitoring the airfield infrastructure. The possibilities of using drones in wide systems of their application and revealing their advantages are considered. Possible problems and their possible solutions are identified. The listed distribution companies in Ukraine that import drones such as: «Smart Trading (DJI, Parrot)», «MTI (DJI, Swell pro)», «ERC (Power Egg)», «Drone UA (DJI, Parrot, Drone Deploy, Mica Sense, Pix4D, Wingtra )», «L-trade (Leica Geosystems)», «Fly Technology (DJI, Yuneec)», «Quadro copter or DJI-kiev.com (DJI )». The directions of further research are determined and the categories of normative regulation of the use of unmanned vehicles are determined (remotely piloted aircraft systems; unmanned autonomous systems; legal use of remotely piloted aircraft systems). Based on the analysis of trends in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and the directions of their further development, the conclusions are given, which states that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is promising for firefighting, monitoring and field treatment. Their implementation is developing rapidly and they occupy a worthy place in aerial photography processes.
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"Possibilities of Use of the UAVs of the Average Price Segment for Mapping of Agricultural Resources." Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University series "Ecology", no. 18 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2018-18-03.
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Purpose. Development of methodical approaches and recommendations for the preparation and implementation of various tasks for obtaining data using UAV, to assess the possibilities and spatial accuracy of the data obtained from the mid-price drones with the purpose of expediency of its use. Methods. Field geodetic surveys, UAV launches, cameral processing of the obtained data with use of the computer equipment. Results. Field geodetic works have been performed for fixing of checkpoints. Some methodological approaches for preparatory pre-flight and flight work have been formulated. The features of conducting flight missions are described. The aerial photography of the explored polygon is represented by various models of drones at different heights. Orthophotomaps and digital relief models have been obtained with using the software product «AgiSoft PhotoScan». There is a discrepancy in the given overlay of photos and actual. For analysis, data with actual overlapping of photographs >70% was used. Received DEM and orthophotomaps were compared with the reference control points. An orthoplane is required to visualize the terrain, DEM - allows you to determine the value of each pixel in height (H). As expected, not all control points coincided with their image on orthophotomapsUsing the «ArcGIS» software system, an analysis of the data has been made, the spatial accuracy of the data obtained is calculated. Conclusions. It has been established that the use of certain models of UAVs at certain heights used in the researches is possible for obtaining scale maps of scale 1: 5000 - 1: 1000. As for the data corresponding to the accuracy of scale 1: 25000, the receipt and use of such data is ineffective.
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O’Keeffe, Derek Timothy, Kevin Johnson, and Spyridoula Maraka. "OR30-04 Autonomous Drone Delivery of Insulin." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.880.
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Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) or drones have become ubiquitous in modern society, predominantly as recreational tools (e.g. racing, photography). However, their use to transport medical products is still nascent, with the best examples seen in emerging economies with underdeveloped infrastructure due to local terrain such as East African jungles or the South Pacific islands. A case in point is the drone operator Zipline, which has pioneered the delivery of blood products in Rwanda since 2016 [1]. Therefore UAV’s have potential in disaster relief operations where there is often significant disruption of health systems [2]. After Ireland experienced Storm Ophelia (Cat 3 Hurricane) in 2017 and then Storm Emma (Winter Blizzard) in 2018, many of our patients with Diabetes had issues with insulin supplies as they remained housebound due to subsequent flooding/snowdrifts. Diabetes Mellitus is one of the world’s most common chronic diseases with approximately 400 million people affected. Insulin is often needed to achieve and maintain glycemic control and therefore is considered a lifesaving medication for patients with diabetes [3]. Consequently, in order to ensure an adequate insulin supply method for patients, after a sentinel weather event, we developed a UAV delivery solution using a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) Wingcopter 178 drone which we operated under beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) conditions. After a lengthy planning process, we ensured compliance with all Irish (European) Aviation Aerospace regulations. In addition we complied with regulations surrounding the dispensing of prescribed fridge medications. We had our maiden flight on September 13, 2019 from Galway, Ireland to the Aran Islands (20Km each way) delivering insulin from the pharmacist to the patient’s clinician. This represents the first documented autonomous delivery of insulin for a patient with diabetes. References 1. Ackerman E, Strickland E. Medical delivery drones take flight in east africa. IEEE Spectrum. 2018 Jan 1;55(1):34-5. 2. Rabta B, Wankmüller C, Reiner G. A drone fleet model for last-mile distribution in disaster relief operations. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018 Jun 1;28:107-12. 3. da Rocha Fernandes J, Ogurtsova K, Linnenkamp U, Guariguata L, Seuring T, Zhang P, Cavan D, Makaroff LE. IDF Diabetes Atlas estimates of 2014 global health expenditures on diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2016 Jul 1;117:48-54.