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Journal articles on the topic 'Africa – Politics and government – 1945-1960'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kurbak, Maria. "“A Fatal Compromise”: South African Writers and “the Literature Police” in South Africa (1940–1960)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016186-2.

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After the victory of the National Party (NP) in the 1948 elections and the establishment of the apartheid regime in South Africa, politics and culture were subordinated to one main goal – the preservation and protection of Afrikaners as an ethnic minority. Since 1954, the government headed by Prime Minister D. F. Malan had begun implementing measures restricting freedom of speech and creating “literary police”. In 1956 the Commission of Inquiry into “Undesirable Publications” headed by Geoffrey Cronje was created. In his works, Cronje justified the concept of the Afrikaners’ existence as a sep

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Adem, Seifudein. "The Master Synthesizer." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33, no. 3 (2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v33i3.251.

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Ali Mazrui was born in 1933 in Mombasa, Kenya. Sent to England in 1955 for his secondary school education, he remained there until he earned hisB.A. (1960, politics and philosophy) with distinction from the University of Manchester. He received his M.A. (1961, government and politics) and Ph.D. (1966, philosophy) from Columbia and Oxford universities, respectively. In Africa, he taught political science at Uganda’s Makerere University College (1963-73), and then returned to the United States to teach at the University of Michigan (1974-91) and New York’s Binghamton University (1991-2014). An a

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Adem, Seifudein. "The Master Synthesizer." American Journal of Islam and Society 33, no. 3 (2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v33i3.251.

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Ali Mazrui was born in 1933 in Mombasa, Kenya. Sent to England in 1955 for his secondary school education, he remained there until he earned hisB.A. (1960, politics and philosophy) with distinction from the University of Manchester. He received his M.A. (1961, government and politics) and Ph.D. (1966, philosophy) from Columbia and Oxford universities, respectively. In Africa, he taught political science at Uganda’s Makerere University College (1963-73), and then returned to the United States to teach at the University of Michigan (1974-91) and New York’s Binghamton University (1991-2014). An a

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4

O'Meara, Patrick, Peter Duignan, and Robert H. Jackson. "Politics and Government in African States 1960-1985." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 3 (1990): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219623.

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5

Young, Thomas. "Politics and government in African states 1960–1985." International Affairs 64, no. 1 (1987): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621562.

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HARGREAVES, JOHN D. "Politics & Government in African States, 1960–1985." African Affairs 86, no. 344 (1987): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097930.

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Whitaker, Jennifer Seymour, Peter Duignan, and Robert H. Jackson. "Politics and Government in African States, 1960-1985." Foreign Affairs 65, no. 5 (1987): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043277.

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8

Rich, Paul. "United States containment policy, South Africa and the apartheid dilemma." Review of International Studies 14, no. 3 (1988): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113257.

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Since the early 1970s, South Africa has become an increasingly important issue within US foreign policy after a long period of benign neglect. For a considerable part of the post-war period, US decision-makers felt it possible to avoid a direct confrontation with the moral and ethical issues involved in the South African government's policy of apartheid; the relative geographical isolation of the country from many central theatres of East–West conflict in central Europe, the Middle East and South East Asia ensured that South Africa was not in the front line of strategically vital states. Furth

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Hyam, Ronald. "Africa and the Labour government, 1945–1951." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 16, no. 3 (1988): 148–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086538808582773.

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Petiteville, Franck. "Quatre décennies de « coopération franco-africaine » : usages et usure d'un clientélisme." Études internationales 27, no. 3 (2005): 571–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703630ar.

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Since 1960, the French African Policy has been based on a military, economic, and cultural cooperation. Behind the official goal, that of development aid, lie the French geopolitical priorities. Since general de Gaulle, the French diplomacy is obsessed by the international place of France in the World. The influence of France in Africa is an integral part of this. Therefore the cooperation between France and Africa is clientelist : the economic and financial aid provided by France is exchanged with the French privilege of an economic and political influence within the African states, which inc

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Whitman, Dan. "OUTSMARTING APARTHEID: An Oral History of United States–South Africa Cultural and Educational Exchange, 1960–1999." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 2 (2015): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/11.

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Outsmarting Apartheid is an oral history of educational and cultural exchange programs conducted by the United States Government with citizens of South Africa during the apartheid period. The “OA” collection, published in one volume by the University Press of the State University of New York in April of 2014, conveys the stories of those who administered the programs, as well as those who benefitted, during three troubled decades of South African history. The exchanges involved some 2-3000 participants during a dark period of social unrest and institutionalized injustices. Quietly in the backg

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12

Austin, Gareth, and Chibuike Ugochukwu Uche. "Collusion and Competition in Colonial Economies: Banking in British West Africa, 1916–1960." Business History Review 81, no. 1 (2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500036230.

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This article examines the collusion between the only two major banks to operate in British West Africa for most of the colonial period after 1916, Barclays and the Bank of British West Africa. The companies' records reveal that the alliance was more far-reaching than has previously been shown, escalating to include not only comprehensive price-fixing but also restrictions on the products offered. The article considers the reactions of African and European customers and the colonial governments, and analyzes the motives that sustained the collusion for so long and the political circumstances th

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Cohen, Andrew. "“A difficult, tedious and unwanted task”: Representing the Central African Federation in the United Nations, 1960–1963." Itinerario 34, no. 2 (2010): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000379.

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On Tuesday 22 January, 1963, the First Secretary of State and Minister in charge of the Central Africa Office, R.A. Butler, met with the Southern Rhodesia Cabinet in Salisbury. Butler notified the Cabinet that he was visiting the Central African Federation in order to “gauge for himself” the situation. Southern Rhodesia, he remarked, was “an issue unjustifiably pursued at the United Nations” and countering this negative international opinion “was providing the British Government with a difficult, tedious and unwanted task”.

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De Deckker, Paul. "Decolonisation Processes in the South Pacific Islands: A Comparative Analysis between Metropolitan Powers." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 26, no. 2 (1996): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v26i2.6172.

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The South Pacific islands came late, by comparison with Asia and Africa, to undertake the decolonising process. France was the first colonial power in the region to start off this process in accordance with the decision taken in Paris to pave the way to independence for African colonies. The Loi-cadre Defferre in 1957, voted in Parliament, was applied to French Polynesia and New Caledonia as it was to French Africa. Territorial governments were elected in both these Pacific colonies in 1957. They were abolished in 1963 after the return to power of General de Gaulle who decided to use Moruroa f

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ALEXANDER, JOCELYN. "‘HOOLIGANS, SPIVS AND LOAFERS’? : THE POLITICS OF VAGRANCY IN 1960s SOUTHERN RHODESIA." Journal of African History 53, no. 3 (2012): 345–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853712000680.

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ABSTRACTIn 1960, amidst the most violent period of protest since conquest, the Southern Rhodesian government implemented a new Vagrancy Act alongside a range of repressive legislation. The Act's origins lay in a particular analysis of the social origins of unrest. It was unprecedented in promising not to exclude and criminalise ‘vagrants’ but to rehabilitate them as productive urban citizens. By presenting the Act as reformist and progressive, the government sought legitimacy for its actions. In fact, the Vagrancy Act was deeply punitive, underlining the tensions between reform and repression

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Holbrook, Wendell P. "British Propaganda and the Mobilization of the Gold Coast War Effort, 1939–1945." Journal of African History 26, no. 4 (1985): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700028784.

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This article examines the nature and impact of the most extensive propaganda campaign mounted in a British West African colony during the Second World War. An avalanche of war information and appeals to the people of the Gold Coast was channelled through a new communications network which included radio broadcasting, information bureaux, and mobile cinema presentations. The innovative wartime publicity scheme was not enough to produce a completely voluntary war effort; however, the campaign was responsible for irreversibly changing mass communications techniques in the territory. The propagand

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Latenko, Volodymyr. "US position towards Congolese Crisis in 1960." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 7 (2019): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2019.07.72-83.

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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the United States attitude towards the appearance of the Republic of the Congo on the world map on the eve of the declaration of independence and at the first stage of the unfolding of events known as the «Congolese Crisis of 1960-1965». The research is based on declassified materials from the State Department of the USA and the Central Intelligence Agency. There were investigated attitudes of American ruling circles towards the emergence and intensification of the communist threat in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as concrete steps to eliminate it and

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Feng, Yi. "Democracy and Growth: The Sub-Saharan African Case, 1960-1992." Review of Black Political Economy 25, no. 1 (1996): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02690054.

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This article conducts a cross-national analysis of forty sub-Saharan African countries during the years 1960-1992. It examines the long-run relationship between political democracy and economic growth, taking advantage of the availability of large economic and political data sets. The conclusion from this study is that the economy grows faster under a regime that enjoys a higher level of institutionalized democracy. It is also found that a positive feedback relationship exists between democracy and growth; while democracy promotes growth, growth leads to a higher level of democratization. In a

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Benson, Devyn Spence. "Cuba Calls: African American Tourism, Race, and the Cuban Revolution, 1959–1961." Hispanic American Historical Review 93, no. 2 (2013): 239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2077144.

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Abstract This essay explores the role that conversations about race and racism played in forming a partnership between an African American public relations firm and the Cuban National Tourist Institute (INIT) in 1960, just one year after Fidel Castro’s victory over Fulgencio Batista. The article highlights how Cuban revolutionary leaders, Afro-Cubans, and African Americans exploited temporary transnational relationships to fight local battles. Claiming that the Cuban Revolution had eliminated racial discrimination, INIT invited world champion boxer Joe Louis and 50 other African Americans to t

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GUYER, JANE I. "PAUPER, PERCENTILE, PRECARITY: ANALYTICS FOR POVERTY STUDIES IN AFRICA." Journal of African History 59, no. 3 (2018): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853718000427.

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AbstractThe paper reviews the history of the concepts used to depict poverty in Africa. “Pauperism” is a legal concept, deriving from early modern law in Britain, which frames individual situations, places the paupers under specific rights and duties, and was applied in early colonial situations. Percentile is a economic-demographic concept, implying class difference, indexed to measurable or imputed monetary income, which became an instrument of government in the colonial world mainly after 1945, moving into the international comparative world after the era of independence. In the neoliberal

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Gathogo, Julius Mutugi. "FRANCIS AKANU IBIAM (1906-1995): A LEADER WHO HAD A MISSION BEYOND ECCLESIA." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 1 (2015): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/111.

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Sir Francis Akanu Ibiam KCMG, KBE (1906-1995) was a distinguished medical missionary who was appointed Governor of Eastern Region, nigeria from December 1960 until January 1966 during the nigerian First Republic. From 1919 to 1951 he was known as Francis Ibiam, and from 1951 to 1967 as Sir Francis Ibiam. This article explores his profile; the profile of a man whose contribution as a medical doctor, a missionary doctor, an educationist, a statesman and a churchman is outstanding, hence inspiring to the new crop of leadership in Africa of the 21st century. Was he too emotional when conducting hi

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Hiralal, Kalpana. "JOSEPH DEVASAYAGEM ROYEPPEN (1871-1960): THE ANGLICAN, COLONIAL BORN POLITICAL ACTIVIST." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 2 (2016): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1083.

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This article documents the contributions of Joseph Royeppen, a colonial born Christian activist in South Africa at the turn of the century. Royeppen was a barrister, passive resister and a devout Christian. He was the first colonial born Indian to study law at Cambridge and played an important role in mobilising support for Indian grievances whilst in England. He participated in the first satyagraha campaign in South Africa and endured imprisonment. Yet in the vast corpus of historical literature on South Africans of Indian descent he is given minimal recognition. This paper seeks to rectify t

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Iandolo, Alessandro. "Imbalance of Power: The Soviet Union and the Congo Crisis, 1960–1961." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 2 (2014): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00449.

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The 1960–1961 Congo crisis was a defining moment for the Cold War in the Third World. This article combines declassified Soviet documents with published and archival sources from the United States, Great Britain, and Ghana to assess the role of the Soviet Union in the development of the Congo crisis. The Soviet government initially worked to establish economic relations with the newly formed independent government in Congo, but Soviet leaders had to shift their strategy when confronted by Western intervention in Congo and the prospect of a civil war. Despite Nikita Khrushchev's threats that So

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Kirey, Reginald Elias. "Land-Related Conflicts in Uchagga, 1960-2000." Utafiti 13, no. 1 (2018): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-01301004.

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Land scarcity and its related conflicts are a serious problem facing the Chagga people of Moshi Rural District in the Kilimanjaro region. The problem started during the colonial period when a massive amount of land was grabbed by the colonial governments and some was acquired by colonial missionaries. As a result, the Chagga were dispossessed of the land they had reserved for future use. Although much of the land alienated by the colonial authorities was nationalised after independence, the problem of land scarcity lingered, due to population pressure. The net result of this situation was an i

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Sidorova, Galina Mikhailovna. "Relations between USSR and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the Beginning of 1960s: Twists of History." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (2020): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-197-209.

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Since the establishment of diplomatic relations with Congo on July 7, 1960, the ties between USSR and Africa have faced a big challenge. During the difficult years for Congo, after liberation from colonial dependence, the Soviet Union has always advocated the country’s territorial integrity and the internal problems diplomatic solution. However, the bloodshed in Congo could not be avoided. Despite the Soviet support of the legitimate Congo government headed by P. Lumumba, the Western countries, which did not want to lose their positions in resource-rich Congo have found a way to achieve a vict

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DUBOW, SAUL. "WERE THERE POLITICAL ALTERNATIVES IN THE WAKE OF THE SHARPEVILLE-LANGA VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1960?" Journal of African History 56, no. 1 (2015): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853714000644.

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AbstractIn many accounts, the Sharpeville emergency of 1960 was a key ‘turning point’ for modern South African history. It persuaded the liberation movements that there was no point in civil rights-style activism and served as the catalyst for the formation of the African National Congress's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe. From the South African government's perspective, the events at Sharpeville made it imperative to crush black resistance so that whites could defend themselves against communist-inspired revolutionary agitation. African and Afrikaner nationalist accounts are thus mutually inve

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Andrews, Naomi J., Simon Jackson, Jessica Wardhaugh, et al. "Book Reviews." French Politics, Culture & Society 37, no. 3 (2019): 123–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2019.370307.

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Silyane Larcher, L’Autre Citoyen: L’idéal républicain et les Antilles après l’esclavage (Paris: Armand Colin, 2014).Elizabeth Heath, Wine, Sugar, and the Making of Modern France: Global Economic Crisis and the Racialization of French Citizenship, 1870–1910 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Rebecca Scales, Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921–1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Claire Zalc, Dénaturalisés: Les retraits de nationalité sous Vichy (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2016).Bertram M. Gordon, War Tourism: Second World War France from Defeat and O

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Aleksic, Dragan, and Ivana Krstic-Mistridzelovic. "Prince Pavle Karadjordjevic and new Yugoslav authorities in 1945." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 157-158 (2016): 431–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1658431a.

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During the final phase of the war, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia started to introduce revolutionary changes, both in society and the system of government. One of the most important issues for Yugoslav communists was the question of the abolition of the monarchy. However, the new state holders had to regulate their rule according to the basic principles of democracy and constitutionality (out of respect for international community, especially the allied states: the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union), although they had unlimited power at disposal. This liability came as a consequence of co

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Jones, G. W. "Politics and government in African states, 1960–1985, edited by P. Duignan and R. H. Jackson Croom Helm, London, 442 pp." Public Administration and Development 12, no. 5 (1992): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230120507.

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Stuart, John. "Scottish missionaries and the end of empire: the case of Nyasaland*." Historical Research 76, no. 193 (2003): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00183.

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Abstract In 1960 Church of Scotland missionaries in the British colony of Nyasaland ostensibly fulfilled their commitment to transition from ‘mission’ to ‘Church’. This process of transition was, however, marked by ambiguity, much of which related to Nyasaland's political status. Opinion within the missions and the Church of Scotland differed greatly as to whether (and for how long) colonial rule should continue. Controversy on the matter ranged beyond Nyasaland and Scotland, with missionary activities attracting the attention not only of colonial and imperial governments but of a range of uno

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Rensch, Carola, and Walter Bruchhausen. "Medical Science Meets ‘Development Aid’ Transfer and Adaptation of West German Microbiology to Togo, 1960–1980." Medical History 61, no. 1 (2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2016.98.

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After losing the importance it had held around 1900 both as a colonial power and in the field of tropical medicine, Germany searched for a new place in international health care during decolonisation. Under the aegis of early government ‘development aid’, which started in 1956, medical academics from West German universities became involved in several Asian, African and South American countries. The example selected for closer study is the support for the national hygiene institute in Togo, a former German ‘model colony’ and now a stout ally of the West. Positioned between public health and sc

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Shedrack, Igboke C. "Agitations for Regime Change and Political Restructuring: Implications on National Integration and Development in Nigeria." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 3 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i3.1.

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The formation of organizations at global, regional and sub-regional levels among nation-states, especially after the World War II in 1945 was to nip n the bud situation that could escalate into war and promote global peace. It was also to promote political, economic and socio-cultural unity and welfare among member states. It was on this premise that the United Nations (UN), organizations of Africa Union (OAU) now AU, Arab League, European Union (EU), etc were formed to promote unity among nation states. The main thrust of this paper was to analyze the implications of agitation by various ethn

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Oates-Indruchová, Libora, and Muriel Blaive. "Introduction: Border communities: microstudies on everyday life, politics and memory in European Societies from 1945 to the present." Nationalities Papers 42, no. 2 (2014): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2014.891339.

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The 1989/1991 demise of European communist regimes created a powerful impulse for the investigation of memory cultures at Cold War borders and, subsequently, for reflections on the creation of new European border regimes. The four studies included in this special section investigate these two processes on a micro level of their dynamics in new and old borderlands from the perspectives of history, anthropology and political science. At the same time, they explore the relations between the everyday life experience of borderland communities and larger historical and political processes, sometimes

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Colton, Fionndwyfar. "The Destruction of Mali's Cultural Heritage." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 6 (October 1, 2015): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v6i0.4413.

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In Mali, and throughout West Africa, ongoing illicit trafficking movements and violent conflicts have necessitated a call for new protective measures and policies to protect cultural heritage. Traditional strategies of customs regulation and restriction on the antiquities market have been previously based on economic and legal issues enmeshed in trafficking networks and transnational crime processes. However, these do not reflect the realities of Malian daily life, nor do they go beyond the onedimensional stance framing the actions of looters and traffickers as a facet of these processes. What

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Chabal, Patrick. "Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson (eds.), Politics and Government in African States, 1960–1985. Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1986, 442 pp., £25, ISBN 0 7099 1475 X." Africa 58, no. 2 (1988): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160676.

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Katsakioris, Constantin. "Socialist Federalism as an Alternative to Nationalism: The Leninist Solution to the National Question in Africa and Its Diaspora." Humanities 8, no. 3 (2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8030152.

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Scholarship on the impact of Lenin’s thinking and on the Soviet Union’s relationships with Africa has emphasized two dimensions: on the one hand, the ideological imprint on and support provided to nationalist and anti-imperialist movements and, on the other, the emulation of communist techniques of authoritarian rule by many postcolonial governments. This paper highlights the neglected receptions of another major communist idea, namely, the ‘Leninist solution to the national question’, as embodied by the federal political model of the Soviet Union. The paper argues that many actors in differen

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Shepard, Todd. "ALGERIAN NATIONALISM, ZIONISM, AND FRENCH LAÏCITÉ: A HISTORY OF ETHNORELIGIOUS NATIONALISMS AND DECOLONIZATION." International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, no. 3 (2013): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743813000421.

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AbstractThe Algerian war resituated the meaning of “Muslims” and “Jews” in France in relation to religion and “origins” and this process reshaped French secular nationhood, with Algerian independence in mid-1962 crystallizing a complex and shifting debate that took shape in the interwar period and blossomed between 1945 and 1962. In its failed efforts to keep all Algerians French, the French government responded to both Algerian nationalism and, as is less known, Zionism, and did so with policies that took seriously, rather than rejected, the so-called ethnoreligious arguments that they embrac

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Akers, H. F., M. A. Foley, P. J. Ford, and L. P. Ryan. "Sugar in Mid-twentieth-century Australia: A Bittersweet Tale of Behaviour, Economics, Politics and Dental Health." Historical Records of Australian Science 26, no. 1 (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15001.

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History is replete with debates between health professionals with concerns about practices and products and others who either challenge scientific evidence or believe that the greatest public good is achieved through maintenance of the status quo. This paper provides a 1950s socio-scientific perspective on a recurring problem for health professionals. It analyses dentists' promotion of oral health by discouraging sugar consumption and the sugar industry's defence of its staple product. Despite scientific evidence in support of its case, the dental profession lacked influence with government an

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Rodet, Marie, and Brandon County. "Old homes and new homelands: imagining the nation and remembering expulsion in the wake of the Mali Federation's collapse." Africa 88, no. 3 (2018): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972018000189.

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AbstractThis article examines concepts of ‘home’ and ‘abroad’ for migrants and citizens in the twilight of empire. It focuses on the ‘cheminots refoulés’, railway workers with origins in the former French Sudan (today's Republic of Mali) who were expelled from Senegal shortly after both territories declared independence, and other ‘Sudanese’ settled in Senegal, sometimes for several generations. Using newly available archives in France, Mali and Senegal, and interviews with formercheminotsand ‘Sudanese migrants’ on both sides of the border, this article seeks to historicize memories of autocht

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Akinrinade, Olusola. "Book Review: Peter Duignan and Robert H. Jackson (eds.), Politics and Government in African States, 1960-1985 (London and Sydney: Croom Helm for the Hoover Institution Press, 1986, 442pp., £25.00)." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 16, no. 2 (1987): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298870160021910.

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Musambachime, M. C. "The Archives of Zambia's United National Independence Party." History in Africa 18 (1991): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172067.

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In an introduction to a University of Zambia publication entitled A Catalogue of Unpublished Materials in Zambia, published in 1978, J. K. Rennie observed that in Zambia there were “many depositories or collections of private and official papers, the extent of whose holdings are imperfectly known and the state of whose preservation was uncertain.” The Catalogue, which was supposed to be the first in a series and was intended to be a “guide to unpublished primary materials … and an aid to research in history and social sciences,” identified thirty government and non-government depositories loca

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Figueira, Ricardo Rezende, and Neide Esterci. "Slavery in Today’s Brazil: Law and Public Policy." Latin American Perspectives 44, no. 6 (2017): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17699913.

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The abolition of slavery in 1888 failed to eliminate the repressive and compulsory use of labor in Brazil. When pressure to reduce slave trafficking made African labor scarce, coffee producers in São Paulo recruited European migrants to replace it. Through indebtedness and compulsory work, migrants became captive to the landowners who hired them. As the occupation of the Amazon frontier became state policy in the 1960s, debt bondage was used against the thousands of migrant workers hired to clear the areas for agribusiness projects. Slavery had been prohibited since 1940, and in 1965 the Congr

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Hossain, Arif. "Peace, Conflict and Resolution (Good vs. Evil)." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 1 (2013): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i1.14264.

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The immense structural inequalities of the global social /political economy can no longer be contained through consensual mechanisms of state control. The ruling classes have lost legitimacy; we are witnessing a breakdown of ruling-class hegemony on a world scale. There is good and evil among mankind; thus it necessitates the conflict between the good and evil on Earth. We are in for a period of major conflicts and great upheavals. It's generally regarded that Mencius (c.371- c.289 B.C) a student of Confucianism developed his entire philosophy from two basic propositions: the first, that Man's

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Hossain, Arif. "Peace, Conflict and Resolution (Good vs. Evil) Part 2." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 2 (2013): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i2.16372.

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The immense structural inequalities of the global social /political economy can no longer be contained through consensual mechanisms of state control. The ruling classes have lost legitimacy; we are witnessing a breakdown of ruling-class hegemony on a world scale. There is good and evil among mankind; thus it necessitates the conflict between the good and evil on Earth. We are in for a period of major conflicts and great upheavals. It's generally regarded that Mencius (c.371-c.289 B.C) a student of Confucianism developed his entire philosophy from two basic propositions: the first, that Man's

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Gathogo, Julius M. "Mau-Mau War Rituals and Women Rebels in Kirinyaga County of Kenya (1952–1960): Retrieving Women Participation in Kenya’s Struggle for Independence." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 43, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1822.

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The Mau-Mau war of independence in Kenya was fought after the returnees of the First and Second World Wars (1919–1945), who were mainly Christians, succeeded in politicising the black majority in the then Kenyan colony (1920–1963) to demand justice across the colour divides, as a religio-ritual duty which climaxed in oaths. The first stage of the war was seen in the change of contents in the African ritualistic dances that young men and women had gotten used to. In time, the love songs became political and/or patriotic songs that prepared people for a major war that was in the offing. The seco

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Beke, Dirk. "Jef Van Bilsen, the Independence of the Congo and his view of Lumumba." Afrika Focus 16, no. 1-2 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v16i1-2.5433.

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This article gives an overview of the involvement of Professor Jef Van Bilsen in Belgian politics before and during the Second World War and during the decolonisation of the Belgian Congo. It is based mainly on the statements and writings of Van Bilsen himself and on interviews with him. These personal testimonies are complemented with brief comments from others on Van Bilsen. Van Bilsen's political career reveals a unique and interesting evolution. Before the Second World War, he became active in the Flemish emancipation struggle. As a student and young lawyer, he was a leading member of the

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Louw, Johann. "A thesis embargoed: Personnel research and ideology in South Africa after World War II." South African Journal of Science 117, no. 9/10 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/9512.

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Ten years after the conclusion of World War II, the Department of Native Affairs of the National Party government of South Africa sponsored research into the selection of African civil servants. The study was conducted by Rae Sherwood, under the auspices of the National Social Research Council, and the National Institute for Personnel Research. In 1960, Sherwood submitted the work to the University of the Witwatersrand to obtain a PhD degree. Two government departments objected to the award of the degree. In this paper, I recount the history of the research, explaining that the acceleration of

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Lazic, Milorad. "Arsenal of the Global South: Yugoslavia’s Military Aid to Nonaligned Countries and Liberation Movements." Nationalities Papers, December 22, 2020, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.6.

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Abstract Yugoslavia’s military internationalism was one of the most practical expressions of the country’s policy of nonalignment. Beginning with Algeria in the 1950s until its demise in the 1990s, Yugoslavia was an ardent supporter of liberation movements and revolutionary governments in Africa and Asia. This article argues that Yugoslav military internationalism was at the heart of Yugoslavia’s efforts to reshape the post-1945 global order and represented an extension of Yugoslav revolution abroad. Military aid was an expression of personal identification of Yugoslavia’s “greatest generation

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Eichelsheim, John. "Regional Particularism and the State Formation in Africa: The Diola in Southern Senegal and their Relationship with Dakar." Afrika Focus 7, no. 3 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v7i3.6118.

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In the French daily newspaper "Libération" of 8/9september 19901 read : "Reveil de la guerilla en Casamance. Two clashes occurred between the Senegalese army and MFDC guerillas on the 22th of august and the 4th of september; 16 soldiers and 24 guerillas were killed". A morbid déjà vu. At the end of1983, as I did my practical training in the town of Ziguinchor, in the south of Senegal, I witnessed some fierce clashes between the same participants, causing the death of some 200 people. How could this be happening in one of the most democratic states of Africa? Didn't the political arena of some

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McNair, Brian. "Vote!" M/C Journal 11, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.21.

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The twentieth was, from one perspective, the democratic century — a span of one hundred years which began with no fully functioning democracies in existence anywhere on the planet (if one defines democracy as a political system in which there is both universal suffrage and competitive elections), and ended with 120 countries out of 192 classified by the Freedom House think tank as ‘democratic’. There are of course still many societies where democracy is denied or effectively neutered — the remaining outposts of state socialism, such as China, Cuba, and North Korea; most if not all of the Islam

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