Journal articles: 'Agriculture, argentina'

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Manzetti, Luigi. "The Evolution of Agricultural Interest Groups in Argentina." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, no. 3 (October 1992): 585–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00024287.

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Argentina's history has been profoundly influenced by the development of its agriculture. It was through the exportation of beef and grain that the country experienced spectacular economic growth between 1880 and 1930. Historically, agricultural and agro-industrial production have made up between 70 and 80% of export earnings.1 As a consequence, the sector's dominant interest group during that period, the Argentine Rural Society (Sociedad Rural Argentina – SRA) acquired enormous economic power, which led to political clout as many of its members went on to become presidents of the republic and to staff the most important ministries. Because of the political influence so attained the SRA was soon referred to as one of the key factores de poder, or power holders, along with the military, the Church and, later on, labour. This hegemony came to an end in the mid-1940s when industrialisation replaced agriculture as the main contributor to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and when Peronism removed the landowning elite from control of the levers of power. The agricultural sector continued to take a backseat among the priorities of most of the administrations following Perón's downfall in 1955, because the future of Argentina was perceived to rest upon the promotion of import substitution industrialisation. Agricultural interest groups were never again able to gain the same kind of access to economic policy-making as they had once enjoyed. To make matters worse, the whole rural sector was forced to finance the state-led industrialisation process through a variety of direct and indirect government taxes.

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Mundlak, Yair, Domingo Cavallo, and Roberto Domenech. "Agriculture and growth in Argentina." Food Policy 16, no. 1 (February 1991): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(91)90072-r.

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Gallacher, Marcos. "The human factor in Argentine agriculture." Estudios económicos 38, no. 77 (May 3, 2021): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2021.2269.

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The objective of this paper is to identify determinants of the reductions in the use of labor observed in Argentine agriculture. The paper focuses on the 2002-2018 period, using data from the last two publications of the Censo Nacional Agropecuario (the census undertaken in 2008 is incomplete). The paper summarizes trends of labor use and firm size in Argentina, and presents three possible hypothesis accounting for the observed changes: (a) capital-labor substitution, (b) labor-saving technical change (reduced and no-tillage), and (c) changes in the farm size and the types of capital (machines) used.

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Pessoa, Kaue. "De la soya hacia la agroecología: agriculturas en disputa/ From Soy to Agroecology: Agriculture in Dispute." Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, no. 25 (February 26, 2019): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/letrasverdes.25.2019.3373.

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El artículo pone en tensión la disputa en el agro contemporáneo de dos modelos antagónicos de producción, como también de tradición y relación con la naturaleza: el agronegocio y la agroecología. Destacamos los casos argentino y brasileño de producción agrícola de la soya en las recientes décadas, intensificada por el “boom de la soya”, es decir, el agronegocio sojero. Entendemos esa producción como un caso paradigmático, por evidenciar la profundidad del agronegocio y de sus consecuencias sociales, económicas y ambientales. En oposición a ello, acentuamos a la agroecología como un paradigma sustentable ambientalmente, y social y económicamente armónico. Así, va más allá de un modelo de producción agrícola, en la construcción de buenas condiciones de reproducción de la vida en el agro y en la ciudad. El artículo se divide en tres apartados. En el primero abordamos los fundamentos de formación del padrón de producción agrícola que conlleva al agronegocio. En el segundo nos centramos en el fomento del agronegocio sojero en Argentina y Brasil. En el tercero analizamos la agroecología como un proceso disruptivo que está en constante tensión con aquel modelo de producción agrícola. Abstract This article puts in tension the dispute between two antagonistic models of agricultural production in the contemporary agriculture, as well as tradition and relationship with nature: agribusiness and agroecology. We highlight the Argentine and Brazilian cases of soybean production in recent decades, intensified by the “soy boom”, that is, soybean agribusiness. We understand this production as a paradigmatic case, for evidencing the depth of agribusiness and its social, economic and environmental consequences. In opposition to this, we emphasize agroecology as environmentally sustainable, socially and economically harmonious paradigm. Thus, it goes beyond a model of agricultural production, in the construction of good conditions for the reproduction of life in agriculture and in the city. The article is divided into three sections. In the first, we address the fundamentals of forming the pattern of agricultural production that leads to agribusiness. In the second we focus on the promotion of the agribusiness in Argentina and Brazil. In the third, we analyze agroecology as a disruptive process that is in constant tension with that model of agricultural production.

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Seghezzo, Lucas, José N. Volante, José M. Paruelo, Daniel J. Somma, E. Catalina Buliubasich, Héctor E. Rodríguez, Sandra Gagnon, and Marc Hufty. "Native Forests and Agriculture in Salta (Argentina)." Journal of Environment & Development 20, no. 3 (August 8, 2011): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496511416915.

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Gallacher, Marcos. "The management factor in developing-country agriculture: Argentina." Agricultural Systems 47, no. 1 (January 1995): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(94)p3273-w.

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Yakovlev, P. "Import Substitution in Argentina: Aims and Results." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-20-25.

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Import substitution policy replaced the model of export-oriented agricultural economy that existed in Argentina during the period of 1870–1929. Its mechanism was relatively simple: agricultural products, for which the country had optimal natural conditions, were exported to the external markets, while wide range of industrial products, machinery and equipment were imported. Exports generated substantial revenues (providing a lion's share of state income), and the imports quite satisfied domestic demand for capital and consumer goods. The history of import substitution policy in Argentina can be divided into two stages. At the first stage (1930–1952), the government created its basic tools with a stress on development of labor-intensive light industries whose products were intended to meet domestic consumer demand. During the second phase (1953–1976), Argentine political establishment, not satisfied with the results achieved in the previous period, initiated the policy of “super industrialization”, namely, the creation or expansion of basic capital-intensive industries: metallurgy, machinery, chemicals and petrochemicals, energy. In these years domestic production of machinery and equipment for agriculture and light industry, durables, pharmaceuticals increased dramatically, the national military-industrial complex, scientific and technical sectors were created. In other words, Argentine’s policy of import substitution created a new frame of economic relations. It brought both positive and negative results which fully showed up in mid 70s. Since then, the crisis of import substitution policy became especially evident amidst the world process of globalization and dynamic formation of worldwide value-added chains. Argentina found itself largely isolated from these trends and came into clinch with the changing external conditions. So, under the rumbling populist and nationalist rhetoric it proceeded into the prolonged recession.

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Senesi, S. I., H. Palau, F. R. Chaddad, and M. Daziano. "The evolution of farming networks in a fragile institutional environment: the case of Argentina." Journal on Chain and Network Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2013.x219.

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In Argentina, farming traditionally took place in small and medium-sized family farms, mostly by means of their own land, labour, capital (financial, machinery, etc.) and entrepreneurship. Farmers owned enough equipment to cope with all the activities required for the production cycle. This traditional family farm model is the dominant organisational form in agriculture in almost every country. However, the way of managing, contracting and organising agriculture in Argentina has changed since the 1990s as a result of several institutional innovations. Even though the 2002 economic crisis created a highly uncertain scenario, farm production continued to expand and new organisational forms appeared. Since 2007, institutional changes (more related to Government intervention) had a negative impact on production and organisational forms. These different periods and scenarios enable us to explore the dynamics and interrelationships of the different institutional, organisational and technological environments. The paper discusses organisational adaptation in the agriculture sector as a response to radical changes in the technological and institutional environments, in a context of increased international demand for agricultural commodities.

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Debowicz, Dario, and Paul Segal. "Structural Change in Argentina, 1935–1960: The Role of Import Substitution and Factor Endowments." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 230–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000084.

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This article investigates structural change in Argentina between 1935 and 1960, a period of rapid industrialization and of relative decline of the agricultural sector. We use a dynamic three-sector computable general equilibrium model of the period to analyze the effects of the policies of import-substituting industrialization (ISI), and changing factor endowments, on the structure of the economy. We find that the declining land-labor ratio was more important than ISI in explaining relative stagnation in agriculture. ISI gave a substantial boost to manufacturing, but primarily at the expense of non-traded services, rather than of agriculture.

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Mohammadi, Z. Mati, Pablo Mac Clay, Roberto Feeney, Pedro Harmath, Masi Keshavarz, and Michael A. Gunderson. "Characterization of farmers’ management practices and strategies: a comparison between Argentine and U.S. farmers." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0158.

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This study is a first exploratory approach to identify differences and similarities between U.S. and Argentine farmers’ main management strategies. Considering the importance of agriculture in these countries and the key roles both of them play in agriculture world markets, our findings could help agribusiness industries and policymakers to make well-informed decisions based on a more comprehensive understanding of farmers’ behavior in both countries. Regarding sociodemographic aspects, U.S. farming is more family-operated, farmers are older, and farms are, on average, a smaller scale than in Argentina. The results show that U.S. farmers work more on their own farm compared to Argentine farmers. Regarding the factors considered more important in farm management, Argentine and U.S. farmers are more concerned about costs and productive aspects than about marketing issues or human resources aspects. This study also indicates that farmers in both countries prefer to do most of the farm tasks by themselves.

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Peiretti, R., and J. Dumanski. "The transformation of agriculture in Argentina through soil conservation." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2, no. 1 (March 2014): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-6339(15)30010-1.

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Dubbeling, Marielle, Laura Bracalenti, and Laura Lagorio. "Participatory Design of Public Spaces for Urban Agriculture, Rosario, Argentina." Open House International 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2009-b0005.

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Urban agriculture is increasingly recognized for its potential contribution to more sustainable urban development. Urban agriculture includes the cultivation and raising, processing and marketing of food and non-food crops, medicinal and aromatic herbs, fruit trees, as well as animal products within urban and periurban areas. Urban agriculture positively impacts urban food security, local economic development, environmental management and community building. To reconcile the demands posed by urban growth with urban agriculture activities of high social and economic value, urban agriculture however should be included into land use planning and design, and regulated by municipalities, assuring its proper management and avoiding potential health and environmental risks. Open and green urban spaces could be designed for multifunctional urban agriculture and combine natural habitat, food production, educational, recreational and leisure activities. Such design processes would benefit from broad participation of urban planners and architects, urban farmers, citizens and slum inhabitants as to enhance ownership and engagement, more effectively use available local resources and give the process a higher credibility and wider outreach. This article shares the experience of Rosario, Argentina where the city planners and University staff collaborated with two low-income communities in the design and implementation of a multifunctional neighborhood park, public square and road reserve. A step-by-step participatory design process was followed: starting from initial visioning, defining and relating the various existing and multi-functional land uses desired, to elaborating the site plan, and agreeing on implementation procedures. The article briefly contextualizes the site and its inhabitants, illustrates the design process and the results achieved and highlights some of the problems encountered. Participatory design of open spaces for urban agriculture in Rosario- though a complex process- proved to have contributed to improving socio-economic and environmental conditions in the city, while also serving as a source of inspiration to other cities in the region.

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Antille, Diogenes L., Silvia C. Imhoff, Carlos A. Alesso, William C. T. Chamen, and Jeff N. Tullberg. "Potential To Increase Productivity And Sustainability In Argentinean Agriculture With Controlled Traffic Farming: A Short Discussion." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2015-0016.

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Abstract Drivers for and potential barriers against adoption of controlled traffic farming (CTF) systems in Argentina are reviewed. Traffic compaction is one of the main factors affecting crop productivity within Argentinean agriculture, and has significant although less quantified impacts on the whole-of-farm system. This suggests that the benefits of no-tillage (NT), which represents the dominant form of cropping in Argentina, are not fully realised. Conservative estimates indicate that crop yields could be improved by at least 15% if NT is used in conjunction with CTF. Cost-benefit analyses of available options for compaction management are required. Despite this, and based on reported evidence internationally, a shift toward increased uptake of CTF within Argentinean agriculture is likely to: (1) improve productivity and farm profitability, (2) enhance environmental performance, and (3) maintain competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Appropriate technical advice and support is a key requirement to drive adoption of CTF. Therefore, the adoption process will benefit from collaboration developed with well-established research and extension organisations in Australia and the United Kingdom, and active engagement of machinery manufacturers.

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Castesana, Paula S., Laura E. Dawidowski, Laura Finster, Darío R. Gómez, and Miguel A. Taboada. "Ammonia emissions from the agriculture sector in Argentina; 2000–2012." Atmospheric Environment 178 (April 2018): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.003.

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Wilson, Marcelo Germán, Alejandro Esteban Maggi, Mario Guillermo Castiglioni, Emmanuel Adrián Gabioud, and María Carolina Sasal. "Conservation of Ecosystem Services in Argiudolls of Argentina." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120649.

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Mollisols are a fundamental component of global agricultural production. In the Argentine Pampas region, 65% of the Mollisols belong to Argiudoll great group. These soils have an agricultural aptitude, with limitations given mainly by varying thickness of the top horizon A as a result of the severity of water erosion depending on its site in the landscape layered on an argillic B horizon. Over the last three decades, Pampean agriculture has been widespread because of a modern technological matrix characterized by transgenic crops, and increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides. Large changes have taken place in crop sequence composition, toward the disappearance of pastures and the rapid expansion of soybean monoculture due to the upward trend of the international price of this commodity. This review contributes to an alertness regarding the significance of the soil degradation problem, in terms of decline in soil fertility and structural condition, decrease in size of soil aggregates, surface and subsurface compaction, decrease in organic carbon content, soil and water contamination, reduction of infiltration rate and structure stability, causing an increase in water losses through surface runoff and water erosion and lost ecosystem services. Additionally, a set of sustainable land management practices and legal aspects is shown.

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GRAU, H. RICARDO, N. IGNACIO GASPARRI, and T. MITCHELL AIDE. "Agriculture expansion and deforestation in seasonally dry forests of north-west Argentina." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 2 (May 9, 2005): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002092.

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In Argentina, deforestation due to agriculture expansion is threatening the Semi-arid Chaco, one of the largest forested biomes of South America. This study focuses on the north-west boundary of the Argentine Semi-arid Chaco, where soybean is the most important crop. Deforestation was estimated for areas with different levels of soil and rainfall limitation for agriculture between 1972 and 2001, with a finer analysis in three periods starting in 1984, which are characterized by differences in rainfall, soybean price, production cost, technology-driven yield and national gross domestic product. Between 1972 and 2001, 588 900 ha (c. 20% of the forests) were deforested. Deforestation has been accelerating, reaching >28 000 ha yr−1 after 1997. The initial deforestation was associated with black bean cultivation following an increase in rainfall during the 1970s. In the 1980s, high soybean prices stimulated further deforestation. Finally, the introduction of soybean transgenic cultivars in 1997 reduced plantation costs and stimulated a further increase in deforestation. The domestic economy had little association with deforestation. Although deforestation was more intense in the moister (rainfall >600 mm yr−1) areas, more than 300 000 ha have already been deforested in the drier areas, suggesting that climatic limitations are being overcome by technological and genetic improvement. Furthermore, more than 300 000 ha of forest occur in sectors without major soil and rainfall limitations. If global trends of technology, soybean markets and climate continue, and no active conservation policies are applied, vast areas of the Chaco will be deforested in the coming decades.

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Almada, Melina S., Alda González, and José A. Corronca. "Evaluation of the design effects of different agropastoral systems on the diversity and density of spiders." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): e0301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017151-9712.

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Sustainable agro-ecological design is challenging when the goal is self-regulation of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the agropastoral design system affects the spider community, as spiders are the main predators in these production systems, and to determine those designs which maximize the diversity and density of spiders. The study was conducted during 2009/2010, at the Experimental Research Station of Agriculture (EEA-INTA) Reconquista (Santa Fe, Argentina) where we considered four different designs: C1 (five agricultural fields), C2 (three agricultural fields and four livestock fields), C3 (six agricultural fields and one livestock field) and C4 (five agricultural fields and one forest area). In each design, the spiders were collected by pitfall traps and suction samples with a G-Vac (garden-vacuum). The designs proposed were considered on the basis of environmental heterogeneity. The C4 treatment had the greatest number of species, followed by C2, C3 and C1 (183, 178, 144 and 142 species, respectively), and C2 presented the greatest abundance of spiders followed by C4, C3 and C1 (n=5708, 4785, 4271 and 3448, respectively). Eight guilds were present in C3 and C4. This study is the first to evaluate the diversity of spiders in agropastoral systems in Argentina. Our results show that designs that include more fields with livestock or equal to those for agriculture, as well as forest areas, increase environmental heterogeneity. Therefore, the presence of a biological controller and dominant predatory group will be possible with sustainable designs that have environmental heterogeneity, contributing to improved pest control in agricultural systems.

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Izquierdo, Andrea E., and H. Ricardo Grau. "Agriculture adjustment, land-use transition and protected areas in Northwestern Argentina." Journal of Environmental Management 90, no. 2 (February 2009): 858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.02.013.

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Thomasz, Esteban Otto, Kevin Corfield, Ana Silvia Vilker, and Marisol Osman. "Forecasting soybean production to enhance climate services for Agriculture in Argentina." Climate Services 30 (April 2023): 100341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2023.100341.

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Donovan, G. P. "Thirty-Sixth annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission, June 1984." Polar Record 22, no. 139 (January 1985): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400005660.

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The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18–22 June 1984, at the invitation of the Government of Argentina, under the chairmanship of E.H. Iglesias (Argentina). This was the first time since 1977 that the meeting had been held outside the United Kingdom, where the Secretariat has its headquarters. Thirty-seven of the Commission's 40 member nations attended. Observers were present from two non-member governments, five intergovernmental organisations (including the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation and the United Nations Environmental Programme) and 37 non-governmental conservation, animal welfare and trade organisations.

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Lattuada, Mario, and Eduardo Moyano Estrada. "Crecimiento económico y exclusión social en la agricultura familiar argentina." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 1, no. 2 (October 23, 2011): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2001.02.09.

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This article focuses on the process of economic growth that Argentina underwent during the nineties and its effects on the Pampeana region’s farming sector. Its main goal is to contribute, from a sociological point of view, to the debate on the possibilities and limitations of family agriculture to reproduce itself in a context characterized by the implementation of structural ajustement programs. Firstly, the article describes the evolution of the most important economic indicators of Pampeana farming sector during the last decade. Secondly, it points out the different elements which both provoked the deterioration of the small farmers’ incomes and increased its social and economic weakness. Thirdly, it shows the growing debtment of Pampa farmers and, consequently, the reduction of the number of farms in that region. Finally, the authors offer some ideas on the process of social exclusion of small and middle farmers in a context of open markets where the role of the State is restricted. From starting of the European experiences, they propose changes for agricultural policies to be more sensitive to the social dimension of sustainability.

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Senesi, Sebastián I., Marcos F. Daziano, Fabio R. Chaddad, and Hernán Palau. "Ownership versus management: the role of farming networks in Argentina." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0030.

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Agroholdings are ‘horizontally and vertically integrated agricultural and agribusiness enterprises, which often have an explicit holding structure consisting on quite a number of legal entities’. This might be true in the countries the authors evaluated, but it certainly is not the case in Argentina, where horizontal and vertical coordination (rather than integration) is the norm. During the last 25 years the institutional environment impacted the way farming is organized in Argentina, mainly by using contracts between different players and service providers. The agricultural production sector increasingly shifted from a low to medium and to a large-scale business model, and production units expanded horizontally by means of land leases (coordination) and purchases (integration) in order to increase the scale of production and dilute fixed costs in an attempt to generate higher margins. In that sense this paper arises four questions: (1) why is it that in Argentina large-scale farming is predominantly done via contracts instead of vertical and horizontal integration?; (2) why have large-scale farming networks recently stalled or even declined in terms of area growth?; (3) how and why do these networks vary their scale of production, locations and strategies?; and (4) what can we expect in terms of evolution of different types of large-scale farming? It is observed that in Argentina there were different institutional contexts, sometimes with clearer and more stable conditions and low levels of uncertainty, sometimes with higher intervention policies and transaction costs. The paper discusses how new organizations emerged during different periods and scenarios, in a context of increased international demand for agricultural commodities. The most relevant conclusions drawn from this analysis are that, in Argentina’s agriculture, there is a continuous shift from ownership to management, although consolidation towards larger scale entities has slowed down due to the existence of institutional and policy restrictions.

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Cáceres, Daniel. "Non-Certified Organic Agriculture: An Opportunity for Resource-Poor Farmers?" Outlook on Agriculture 34, no. 3 (September 2005): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000005774378775.

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Drawing upon a case study from Argentina, this paper focuses on social actors who cannot be formally included within the organic movement: non-certified organic farmers. Even when they grow, consume and sell organic products, they are unable to become certified organic farmers, mainly for economic reasons. This paper analyses the main features of this group and the socioeconomic significance and impact of their farming strategy on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers.

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Hojman, David E. "Agriculture and economic growth in an open economy: the case of Argentina." International Affairs 61, no. 1 (January 1985): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2619844.

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Noellemeyer, Elke, Romina Fernández, and Alberto Quiroga. "Crop and Tillage Effects on Water Productivity of Dryland Agriculture in Argentina." Agriculture 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3010001.

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Castesana, Paula S., Gabriel Vázquez-Amábile, Laura H. Dawidowski, and Darío R. Gómez. "Temporal and spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture in Argentina." Carbon Management 11, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2020.1750229.

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Cruz Colazo, Juan, Juan de Dios Herrero, Ricardo Sager, Maria Laura Guzmán, and Mohammad Zaman. "Contribution of Integrated Crop Livestock Systems to Climate Smart Agriculture in Argentina." Land 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112060.

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Integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) is a useful practice to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to continuous cropping systems (CC). However, robust data from different regions around the world remain to be collected. So, our objectives were to (i) compare SOC and its physical fractions in ICLS and CC, and (ii) evaluate the use of δ13C to identify the source of C of SOC in these systems in the Pampas region of Argentina. For that, we compared two farms, an ICLS and a CC having the same soil type and landscape position. The ICLS farm produces alfalfa grazed alternatively with soybean and corn, and the CC farm produces the latter two crops in a continuous sequence. Soil samples (0–5, 5–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) were collected and analyzed for SOC, its physical fractions, and their isotopic signature (δ13C). Soils under ICLS showed an increment of 50% of SOC stock compared to CC in the first 60 cm. This increase was related to 100–2000 µm fractions of SOC. The shift in δ13C signature is more in ICLS than in CC, suggesting that rotation with C3 legumes contributed to C sequestration and, therefore, climate-smart agriculture. The combination of on-farm research and isotopic technique can help to study deeply the effect of real farm practices on soil carbon derived from pasture.

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Giudice Baca, Víctor, and Rosario Zapata Tito. "Robotización en la Industria y la Agricultura." Iberoamerican Business Journal 6, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22451/5817.ibj2022.vol6.1.11064.

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Las Industrias y Agricultura Mundial están en proceso de Robotización. Aumentan los Robots agrícolas, los tractores autónomos (sin conductor), con techo solar y crecen los Robots agrícolas de cosechas. Se ha encontrado robots cosechadores con 24 manos. En la Industria Automotriz aumentan los robots más en Asia que en EE. UU y Europa. Argentina desarrolla la agricultura de precisión. Brasil gran productor de maíz, trigo y mandioca está empleando robots agrícolas para plantaciones con riego por goteo. En Perú se están desarrollando los cultivos con paneles solares en Arequipa. Así mismo los desiertos de Ica se están conquistando con Paneles Solares. En las Escuelas de Negocios las Curriculas de estudios se están adaptando a la Cuarta Revolución Industrial.

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Ehrensaft, Philip. "L’Agriculture, l’État et la stagflation mondiale : la politique canadienne depuis 1970." Études internationales 12, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701160ar.

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The development of Canadian agriculture was founded (similarly to that of Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and Uruguay) on the basis of an economy with dominion-wide referents. To begin, this article ascertains the general characteristics of that System. It then considers the System 's evolution in Canada since 1970. The increase in the world prices of energy (of which Canada is a net exporter) and the reorganization of the national transportation network are altering the roles of the different provinces with regard to agricultural production and are leading to a dismantling of the Boards, which were until now the only intermediary with foreign markets. Ultimately these trends point to an overall reorganization of the Canadian agricultural System.

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Serniotti, Enzo N., Leila B. Guzmán, Roberto E. Vogler, Alejandra Rumi, Juana G. Peso, and Ariel A. Beltramino. "New record and range extension of Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1822) (Gastropoda, Camaenidae) in Argentina." Check List 16, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.1.211.

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The Asian tramp snail Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1822) is an exotic mollusk native to Southeast Asia. The species has been catalogued as invasive in several countries and is important to human health, animal health, and agriculture. We report for the first time the presence of B. similaris in Córdoba Province, Argentina, extending the southern distribution of the species in this country and in South America. Anatomical, conchological, and molecular information obtained here represent the second contribution for this species in Argentina.

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Vanoli, Fernando. "City’s periphery, between urban segregation and extensive agriculture. Case Ituzaingó anexo, Córdoba, Argentina." Papeles de Geografía, no. 64 (May 31, 2018): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/geografia/2018/323871.

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El barrio Ituzaingó Anexo está ubicado en la periferia sureste de la ciudad de Córdoba. Hace dieciséis años, la lucha de un grupo de madres visibilizó el conflicto ambiental que aún viven. Tal hecho, se hizo evidente al identificar enfermedades y muertes causadas por los efectos ambientales de los agrotóxicos en la producción de soja transgénica. En este trabajo, nos preguntamos de qué manera quienes deciden sobre la ciudad también son responsables de los daños ambientales producidos en este sector de la sociedad, a partir de comprender la relación del barrio con la configuración de la ciudad. Para esto, analizamos el surgimiento de Ituzaingó Anexo como barrio obrero en la expansión industrial de la ciudad y posteriormente el inicio del modelo productivo de agricultura extensiva. Haciendo énfasis en la incompatibilidad de usos habilitados por la zonificación en la planificación de la ciudad, y los efectos de segregación urbana y ambiental. The Ituzaingó Anexo neighborhood is located on the Córdoba’s city southeast periphery. Sixteen years ago, the struggle of a mother’s group made visible the environmental conflict that they still live through. This fact became evident when they identified diseases and deaths caused by the environmental effects of agrotoxics in the production of transgenic soybeans. In this work, we wonder how those who decide about the city are also responsible for the environmental damage produced in this sector of society, understanding the relationship of the neighborhood with the configuration of the city. In this way, we analyze the creation of Ituzaingó Anexo as a working class neighborhood in the industrial expansion of the city and later the beginning of the productive model of expansive agriculture. Emphasizing the incompa tibility of uses enabled by zoning in the planning of the city, and the effects of urban and environmental segregation.

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De Oliveira, Francis J. Baumont, Alejandro Fernandez, Jorge E. Hernández, and Mariana del Pino. "Design Thinking and Compliance as Drivers for Decision Support System Adoption in Agriculture." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 15, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.315643.

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To respond to increasing demands for good agricultural practices (GAP) and food safety, governments globally are introducing stringent regulations to govern agricultural compliance that affect production, storage, and sales activities. New legislation in Argentina to enforce GAP is an opportunity to test compliance as an incentive to adopt technological solutions. This research aims to determine whether compliance software is an effective gateway to shift farmers' decision-making strategies from intuition-based to evidence-based, improving agricultural productivity through technology. Integrating technology can be a significant hurdle for farms but is also a steppingstone towards more reliable processes. To address this, the authors prototype a decision support system (DSS) for greenhouse farmers in La Plata, Argentina, to help farmers keep traceable records of their crops and treatments to reduce compliance risk. The project incorporates lessons learned from previous DSS projects and utilises design-thinking strategies to involve the end-user in the development.

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Comba, Antonella. "Rural Tax Evasion in Argentina: An Analysis of Tax Evasion Mechanisms and Social Relationships in the Córdoba Grain Market." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i2.1153.

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This paper uses a theoretical perspective based on the ideas of Foucault, critical criminology, and rural criminology, to examine how social relations influenced tax evasion mechanisms in agriculture in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The paper’s main contribution is to show how tax evasion mechanisms are deeply rooted in social relationships developed in the grain market. Through the analysis of thirty interviews, official statistics of tax evasion convictions, and administrative resolutions issued by the national tax agency, I argue that severe formal controls were unsuccessful in eradicating tax evasion because normative changes could not abruptly annul the social relations that made tax evasion in agriculture possible. On the contrary, tax evasion persisted, although some evasion mechanisms were left aside and new ones were created. Thus, it is necessary to stress the importance of a paper that studies economic crimes in geographic areas outside the global north, such as rural Argentina.

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Goulet, Frédéric. "Family Farming and The Emergence of an Alternative Sociotechnical Imaginary in Argentina." Science, Technology and Society 25, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721819889920.

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In this article, we analyse the mechanisms by which family farming established itself in Argentina over the 2004–2016 period as a legitimate solution to the food security challenge. We show that this process has played a role in the emergence of an alternative sociotechnical imaginary built as a counter-model to the one associated with industrial agriculture. We highlight the importance of the processes of demarcation and detachment at the heart of this shift, in the political, techno-scientific and agricultural spheres. The actors involved in the promotion of family farming associate this alternative approach to the development of the agricultural sector with the implementation of an alternative practice and organisation of science and technology. These shifts correspond to a narrative and mode of political action that put the emphasis on the production of a national future liberated from the mistakes and injustices of the past, in which science and technology play a central role. By highlighting the tensions at the heart of this dynamic, between the establishment of new boundaries and the challenging of existing ones, the article contributes to the analysis of the formation of alternative sociotechnical imaginaries, and in particular the underlying mechanisms of co-production between science and politics.

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DIMAS, CARLOS S. "Harvesting Cholera: Fruit, Disease and Governance in the Cholera Epidemic of Tucumán, Argentina, 1867–68." Journal of Latin American Studies 49, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x16001449.

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AbstractIn 1868 a cholera epidemic erupted in the north-western Argentine province of Tucumán. Urban-based doctors and politicians argued that fruit cultivated primarily in the south of the province was responsible for the spread of cholera. Hoping to avoid cholera, they advocated the complete prohibition and destruction of fruit in Tucumán as both a prophylactic measure, but also to prepare new land for sugar cultivation. Through a reading of governmental memos, medical journals, and public health reports, this article examines how agriculture, disease, and contagion mediated the interaction between Tucumán's urban minority and rural majority. This article offers a window into grassroots politics and state formation during one of Argentina's most formative periods.

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Pinto, Nelson Guilherme Machado, Vanessa Piovesan Rossato, Daniel Arruda Coronel, and Aline Beatriz Schuh. "The performance of agriculture in latin america: analysing efficiency and efficacy in the region." Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rfce.2775.

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El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desempeño de las actividades agrícolas en los países de América Latina con base en los modelos de eficiencia y eficacia y con datos de los años 2000. Se observa que, incluso si la actividad agrícola es de importancia fundamental para los países de América Latina, los resultados muestran que existen muchas diferencias para estas actividades puesto que el impacto fue diferente para cada país. Las regiones con las tasas de eficiencia más altas se encuentran en Uruguay, Panamá y Argentina y aquellas con los valores de eficacia más altos están en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay. Los resultados también indican que países como El Salvador y Paraguay deben ser más rigurosos. Con respecto a la relación entre los dos aspectos estudiados, cabe destacar que la eficiencia tiene un impacto positivo sobre la eficacia en el contexto de la agricultura en América Latina.

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Senisterra, Gabriela Elba, Fernanda Julia Gaspari, and María Isabel Delgado. "Zonificación de la vulnerabilidad ambiental en una cuenca serrana rural, Argentina." Revista Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Journal 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47069/estudios-ambientales.v3i1.1047.

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La conservación y rehabilitación de tierras constituye una parte esencial del desarrollo agrícola sustentable. En las últimas décadas se ha entablado una discusión en torno al concepto de vulnerabilidad, tomando fuerza en diferentes áreas del conocimiento, considerándose diferentes tipos de vulnerabilidades como son ambiental, social y socioambiental. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar los cambios en la vulnerabilidad ambiental espacio-temporal de una cuenca serrana en el período 1986 - 2011. El área de estudio abarcó la cabecera de la cuenca experimental del arroyo Napaleofú, ubicada en el sistema serrano de Tandilia, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La vulnerabilidad ambiental en la cuenca se estableció a partir de la zonificación cartográfica y procesamiento geoespacial de factores condicionantes (Posición del terreno, Textura del suelo, Vegetación y uso del suelo, Pendiente y Densidad de drenaje) y activadores (Índice de Fournier Modificado), utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica. El factor que mayor influencia ejerció sobre la vulnerabilidad ambiental en la cuenca fue el uso del suelo, evidenciado por el aumento de la superficie ocupada por la agricultura en el período estudiado. La determinación del aumento de vulnerabilidad ambiental asociada a los cambios de uso del suelo en la cuenca demostró la necesidad de implementar un plan de ordenamiento territorial, tendiente a la aplicación de prácticas agropecuarias sustentables. Abstract Conservation and land remediation represents an essential part of sustainable agricultural development. In the last decades it has being initiated a discussion about the concept of vulnerability, including different areas of knowledge, considering different types of vulnerabilities such as the natural, environmental, social and socio-environmental. We aimed to study the changes of spatio-temporal environmental vulnerability of a hilly watershed, for the period 1986-2011. The study area included the upper watershed of the Napaleofú Creek, located in the hilly system of Tandilia, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The environmental vulnerability was established by mapping and geospatial process of conditioning (Land position, Soil texture, Land use, Slope and Drainage density) and activating (Fournier Modified Index) factors, using a Geographic Information System. Land use was the factor that showed more influence on the environmental vulnerability, based on the increase of the area occupied by agriculture in the period 1986-2011. Increment of environmental vulnerability associated with land use changes in the watershed highlighted the need to implement sustainable agricultural practices towards a future territorial management.

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BAGWELL, KYLE, and ALAN O. SYKES. "Chile – price band system and safeguard measures relating to certain agricultural products." World Trade Review 3, no. 3 (November 2004): 507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745604002071.

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This paper addresses the dispute brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Argentina concerning certain Chilean measures affecting the importation of wheat, wheat flour, oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and sugar. The complaint by Argentina challenged two types of policies – a ‘price band system’ that was applicable to four of those product categories, and safeguard measures that were applicable to three of them. The WTO panel ruled in favor of Argentina on both sets of measures. It found that the price band system violated Article IV of the Agriculture Agreement and Article II of GATT 1994. The safeguard measures, according to the panel, violated various provisions of the Safeguards Agreement, as well as Article XIX of GATT 1994. Chile elected not to appeal the panel ruling regarding the safeguard measures, but did appeal the adverse finding as to the price band system. The Appellate Body subsequently affirmed in substantial part the finding that the price band system violated Article 4 of the Agriculture Agreement, but reversed the finding of a violation under Article II of GATT 1994. Chile has since indicated an intention to comply with the ruling, and an arbitration pursuant to Article 21.3 of the DSU determined that the reasonable period of time for compliance would expire on December 23, 2003.

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Bagwell, Kyle, and Alan O. Sykes. "Chile – Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products." World Trade Review 4, S1 (2005): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745605001278.

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This study addresses the dispute brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Argentina concerning certain Chilean measures affecting the importation of wheat, wheat flour, oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and sugar. The complaint by Argentina challenged two types of policies – a “price band system” that was applicable to four of those product categories, and safeguards measures that were applicable to three of them. The WTO panel ruled in favor of Argentina on both sets of measures. It found that the price band system violated Article IV of the Agriculture Agreement and Article II of GATT 1994. The safeguards measures, according to the panel, violated various provisions of the Safeguards Agreement, as well as Article XIX of GATT 1994. Chile elected not to appeal the panel ruling regarding the safeguards measures, but did appeal the adverse finding as to the price band system.

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Zorzoli, Facundo Marcelo. "From soybean fever to soil degradation. Economy, ecology and politics in middle-western Dry Chaco agriculture, Argentina (1960-1990)." Quinto Sol 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/qs.v25i1.4355.

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This article analyzes the processes of agrarian change associated to the first expansion of the extensive dryland agriculture frontier in middle-western Dry Chaco (northwestern Argentina) during the 1960-1990 period. The singularity of the case in relation to other agrarian spaces of the region is that soybean cultivation was introduced in the 1960s in the farming colonies of that area, constituting one of the first spaces in Argentina where soybean was produced commercially. This experience constituted the precedent in relation to which public organizations and private companies produced knowledge and technology to achieve economically positive results on what until then was a marginal space, based on a crop with no national background in semi-arid spaces. In the 1970s, investors from other sectors of the economy acquired land and imprinted a business model for agriculture in the study area. However, during the 1980s soil degradation became a general problem that slowed the expansion of the previous decade.

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Candila, Vincenzo, and Salvatore Farace. "On the Volatility Spillover between Agricultural Commodities and Latin American Stock Markets." Risks 6, no. 4 (October 10, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6040116.

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Addressing the volatility spillovers of agricultural commodities is important for at least two reasons. First, for the last several years, the volatility of agricultural commodity prices seems to have increased. Second, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, there is a strong need for understanding the potential (negative) impacts on food security caused by food commodity volatilities. This paper aims at investigating the presence, the size, and the persistence of volatility spillovers among five agricultural commodities (corn, sugar, wheat, soybean, and bioethanol) and five Latin American (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru) stock market indexes. Overall, when a negative shock hits the commodity market, Latin American stock market volatility tends to increase. This happens, for instance, for the relationships from corn to Chile and Colombia and from wheat to Peru and Chile.

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Baud, Michiel. "History, Morality, and Politics: Latin American Intellectuals in a Global Context." International Review of Social History 48, no. 1 (April 2003): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859002000925.

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On impulse one afternoon during the early stages of my research into the Dirty War in Argentina and the political past of the former Minister of Agriculture, Jorge Zorreguieta, I sent an e-mail to an Argentinian friend and colleague asking for suggestions about recent literature.

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Cruz, Jessica Lissette Sánchez, Luis Eduardo Solis Granda, and Manuel Leonardo Perrazo Viteri. "Methane emissions, economic growth and agriculture: evidence of environmental kuznets curve for Argentina." INNOVA Research Journal 3, no. 9 (October 2, 2018): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v3.n9.2018.645.

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Este documento proporciona evidencia de la existencia de una Curva ambiental de Kuznets (EKC) a largo plazo para Argentina desde 1970 hasta 2012, que es el país con mayor producción de carne en la región. Existe una relación dinámica entre las emisiones de metano, el crecimiento económico y las actividades agrícolas. La metodología autorregresiva del retraso distribuido se utilizó para probar la cointegración a largo plazo. Además, utilizamos el modelo de corrección de errores del vector para probar la causalidad y verificar el valor predictivo de las variables independientes. De hecho, se encontró una relación cuadrática entre las emisiones de metano y el crecimiento económico. El efecto de la agricultura fue el único inesperado, y eso se debe a la reducción de las emisiones de metano gracias a las políticas adecuadas relacionadas con el uso de la tecnología en la agricultura.

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Busscher, Nienke, Constanza Parra, and Frank Vanclay. "Environmental justice implications of land grabbing for industrial agriculture and forestry in Argentina." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 500–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1595546.

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Pandolfo, C. E., A. Presotto, M. Poverene, and M. Cantamutto. "Limited occurrence of resistant radish (Raphanus sativus) to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides in Argentina." Planta Daninha 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000300017.

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Radish has developed feral and weedy biotypes, which is a concern for agriculture around the world. In Argentina, it is one of the most widespread and troublesome crop weeds. In Brazil, this species has developed herbicide-resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibiting herbicides. The objective of this study was to record the presence of herbicide-resistant weedy radish plants in Argentina. In spring 2008, we found a small population of radish at the end of the flowering stage in an imidazolinone-tolerant canola field treated with imazethapyr. Screening and dose-response tests were conducted to two successive generations. They proved the biotype resistant status, and showed extensive survival (between 50 and 80% of control) to the application of a double dose of four AHAS‑inhibiting herbicides from two different chemical families (imidazolinones and sulfonylureas). Dose-response assays exhibited very high resistance for imazethapyr (LD50 = 2452.5 g a.i. ha-1, GR50 = 2926.9 g a.i. ha-1) and intermediate for metsulfuron (LD50 = 3.0 g a.i. ha-1, GR50 = 43.2 g a.i. ha-1). The acquisition of cross-resistance to different herbicide families would confer an adaptive and invasive advantage in agricultural environments to this biotype. Due to the herbicide rotation conducted in the field, the dispersion of this biotype was restricted. This is the first report of resistance in weedy radish in Argentina.

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Hong, Chaopeng, Hongyan Zhao, Yue Qin, Jennifer A. Burney, Julia Pongratz, Kerstin Hartung, Yu Liu, et al. "Land-use emissions embodied in international trade." Science 376, no. 6593 (May 6, 2022): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abj1572.

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International trade separates consumption of goods from related environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land-use change (together referred to as “land-use emissions”). Through use of new emissions estimates and a multiregional input-output model, we evaluated land-use emissions embodied in global trade from 2004 to 2017. Annually, 27% of land-use emissions and 22% of agricultural land are related to agricultural products ultimately consumed in a different region from where they were produced. Roughly three-quarters of embodied emissions are from land-use change, with the largest transfers from lower-income countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, and Argentina to more industrialized regions such as Europe, the United States, and China. Mitigation of global land-use emissions and sustainable development may thus depend on improving the transparency of supply chains.

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Vélez, O. R., G. E. Fasciolo, and A. V. Bertranou. "Domestic wastewater treatment in waste stabilization ponds for irrigation in Mendoza, Argentina: policies and challenges." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0017.

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Arid areas call for imaginative water management solutions to avoid the dangers of water shortages. Growing demands of water for domestic and industrial uses decrease the availability of water for agriculture. It therefore becomes necessary to set up a policy for the use of domestic effluents. For the province of Mendoza, Argentina, with 1,500,000 inhabitants, a master plan was designed as of 1991 for the treatment of domestic effluents and subsequent disposal for irrigation. The guidelines set up by WHO for the use of wastewater in agricultural applications were taken into consideration. At present, the Province of Mendoza has available projects which are either complete, in execution or in the bidding process, entailing secondary treatment capacity with reuse of 320,000 cubic metres/day and an estimated possible irrigation area of 10,000 hectares. With this infrastructure, some strategic lines of action are recommended to establish a policy for the agricultural use of wastewater: (a) to program the use of treated wastewater to avoid discharges to irrigation flows; (b) to develop an institutional scheme for the efficient and safe use of these waters; and (c) develop scientific and technologic know-how to accompany the updated policies.

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Martins, Sinara Pizzi, Marlussi de Oliveira Garzão, Nilson Luiz Costa, and Simone Bueno Camara. "Integração comercial entre Brasil e Argentina na cadeia produtiva tritícola." COLÓQUIO - Revista do Desenvolvimento Regional 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26767/1806.

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O agronegócio brasileiro vem se destacando pela sua importância econômica e produtiva, principalmente pelas suas cadeias produtivas, como da soja e de carnes. Esse potencial coloca o país com um grande produtor de alimentos frente a outros países mundialmente. Entretanto, ao mesmo tempo em que algumas cadeias produtivas se destacam, outras são extremamente dependentes de importações para suprir a demanda interna, é o caso da cadeia produtiva do trigo, que importa grandes quantidades de cereais, sobretudo da Argentina. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem a finalidade de compreender a integração comercial entre o Brasil e a Argentina no setor tritícola, identificando as principais razões que fazem o Brasil ser tão dependente das importações deste cereal do país vizinho. A metodologia utilizada neste caso consiste de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de um estudo de caso, com coleta de dados secundários e estatísticos coletados em sites da United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços (MDIC), Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB) e Associação Brasileira das Indústrias do Trigo (ABITRIGO). Especificamente, os principais resultados evidenciados são que o Brasil não apresenta condições favoráveis de clima e solo para a produção deste cereal de boa qualidade e em quantidade suficiente, além de serem insuficientes os incentivos à produção desse cereal no país. O trigo argentino, portanto, apresenta boa qualidade, uma vasta cadeia de incentivos governamentais para a produção, bem como, tarifas alfandegárias menores, tudo isso o torna mais barato quando comparado ao trigo produzido em solo brasileiro.

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Vuksinic, Evelyn, Corina Iris Rodríguez, Anahí Tabera, Marisol Roxana Cifuentes, Adriana Alejandra Díaz, Nicolás Eloy Cisneros Basualdo, and Alejandro Ruiz de Galarreta. "Groundwater management in an agro-industrial school in Argentina." UNED Research Journal 11, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i2.2300.

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Introduction: water management is of paramount importance in productive activities, such as agriculture, livestock and industry, due to its direct impact on both the quality and the availability of this valuable resource. However, groundwater management is usually addressed under a non-integrated approach which originates a high risk of pollution as well as water shortage for food and animal production in the agro-industrial systems. Objective: to analyze water quality for human consumption, hydrogeological features, water demand, and discharge of liquid effluents on soil and surface water. Methods: we carried out a diagnostics of water management in an agro-industrial school located in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The production system includes a bovine dairy farm; calf, pork and rabbit breeding; beekeeping; poultry farming; dairy and cheese factory; agriculture and fodder area; processing of meat, and orchard. To perform the analysis, we calculated water requirements for six productive activities and evaluated the hydrological features of the area through water table measurements considering the groundwater flow sense. We analyzed the groundwater quality seasonally during a period of a year through five water samples. We considered microbiological and physicochemical parameters and they were compared with recommended level by law, and we carried out the monitoring of residual chlorine during a week. Also, we evaluated the generation and disposal of effluents. Results: water was suitable for human consumption, although we detected variations in its quality indicators. We determined that the main issues hindering an integrated water management were the diversified production developed with high volumes of water demanded, the water quality deterioration by the agro-industrial productions carried out, and the hydrogeological features of the area. In addition, we measured a high water demand which is in conflict with groundwater shortage and the complex hydrological conditions of extraction in the studied area. Conclusion: this study demonstrated the usefulness of applying effective strategies to act on environmental-priority subjects and to develop good practices regarding water management from an integrated approach.

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Falasca, Silvia, Sandra Pitta-Alvarez, and Ana Ulberich. "Developing an Agro-Ecological Zoning Model for Tumbleweed (Salsola kali), as Energy Crop in Drylands of Argentina." Environmental and Climate Technologies 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2016-0010.

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Abstract Salsola kali is considered extremely valuable as an energy crop worldwide because it adapts easily to environments with strong abiotic stresses (hydric, saline and alkaline) and produces large amounts of biomass in drylands. This species is categorized as an important weed in Argentina. The aim of this work was to design an agro-ecological zoning model for tumbleweed in Argentina, employing a Geography Information System. Based on the bioclimatic requirements for the species and the climatic data for Argentina (1981–2010 period), an agro-climatic suitability map was drawn. This map was superimposed on the saline and alkaline soil maps delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization for dry climates, generating the agro-ecological zoning on a scale of 1 : 500 000. This zoning revealed very suitable and suitable cultivation areas on halomorphic soils. The potential growing areas extend from N of the Salta province (approximately 22° S) to the Santa Cruz province (50° S). The use of tumbleweed on halomorphic soils under semi-arid to arid conditions, for the dual purpose of forage use and source of lignocellulosic material for bioenergy, could improve agricultural productivity in these lands. Furthermore, it could also contribute to their environmental sustainability, since the species can be used to reclaim saline soils over the years. Based on international bibliography, the authors outlined an agro-ecological zoning model. This model may be applied to any part of the world, using the agro-ecological limits presented here.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture, argentina'

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