Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alloy layer

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Academic literature on the topic 'Alloy layer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Alloy layer"

1

Zeng, Yan, Xiao Yang Huang, Wei Dong Zhou, and Sheng Kai Yu. "A Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Lubricant Depletion on an Anisotropic Multilayer Hard Disk." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.770.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation on the effect of thermal anisotropy of the top layer alloy on heat transfer and lubricant depletion on the disk surface in a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system. The disk consists of multilayer structures and a thin layer of lubricant on the top surface. Cases under different laser powers and initial lubricant film thicknesses are examined. The top-layer alloy thermal anisotropy does show non-negligible effect on the heat transfer and lubricant depletion. With the top-layer alloy being more anisotropic, higher temperature increase and lager lubricant depletion can be observed on the disk surface. The results also show that the thermal anisotropy effect is more significant under a lower laser power but nearly keeps no much difference under different initial lubricant film thicknesses. Thus it is of importance to include the thermal anisotropy effect of the top-layer Co-alloy when simulating the heat transfer and lubricant depletion in practical multilayer HMAR systems, especially for the cases under the condition of lower laser power, as the effect cannot be neglected under such conditions.
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Chen, Chang Jun, Qin Cao, Min Zhang, Qing Ming Chang, and Shi Chang Zhang. "Laser Repair Cladding of Ni-Base Alloy on TC2 Ti Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2191.

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An attempt has been made to fabricate Ni-base alloy layer on the surface of TC2 titanium alloy substrate by laser repair cladding technology for repairing the worn surface of TC2 alloy after in service. Laser cladding is carried out by melting the preplaced Ni-base alloy powder using a continuous wave CO2 laser and using Ar as shielding gas. Microstructure and chemical composition of the cladding coating was revealed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), together with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS). A clad layer with low dilution and metallurgically bonding coating to the substrate could be obtained. A significant improvement in microhardness is achieved in the cladding layer and at the interfacial region. The results showed that laser repair cladding is highly promising technology to restore damaged Ti alloy parts.
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Liu, N., Y. L. Liu, Z. L. Zhao, H. O. Yang, and W. X. Xu. "The preparation of gradient titanium alloy through laser deposition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1270, no. 1 (2022): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1270/1/012118.

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Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) with continuous variation in composition or microstructure can realize gradient properties in different positions of the same component. The layer-by-layer laser deposition additive manufacturing is one of the most promising technologies that prepare FGMs with gradient properties. The present study is focused on the preparation of gradient titanium alloy by laser depositing Ti2AlNb powders on the substrate of a near-α high temperature titanium alloy. The microstructure, composition, and micro-hardness of prepared gradient titanium alloy with and without transition layer were compared and analyzed. Results show that an obvious bonding interface with variant microstructure morphology and element contents formed during directly deposited Ti2AlNb powders on near-α titanium alloy substrate and the bonding interface exhibits higher micro-hardness than the substrate and the deposited zone. However, the microstructure and the element exhibit gradient distribution characteristics along the deposition direction after adding the mixed powders of both two alloys as intermediate transition layers between the near-α titanium alloy and the Ti2AlNb alloy. The gradient distributed micro-hardness from the substrate to the top deposited zone sufficiently demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining gradient properties of gradient titanium alloy with composition transition layer during laser depositing.
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Guo, Yuanhang, Jihong Dong, Zongliang Lv, Yuming Xie, Yongxian Huang, and Xiangchen Meng. "Shoulder-Restricted Friction Deposition for Aluminum Alloy Coatings on Titanium Alloys." Coatings 14, no. 1 (2024): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010130.

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In order to solve the problem of a thin deposition layer on the titanium alloy in the traditional friction surfacing process of dissimilar Ti/Al metals, new shoulder-restricted friction deposition (SRFD) equipment was successfully developed by introducing a restricted shoulder. Using a laser to roughen the titanium substrate, the process verification of Al deposition onto TC4 was realized. The material utilization was close to 100%, and a deposition layer with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a strong bonded interface was obtained. The peel strength of the triple-layer deposited joints was 121 MPa.
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He, Qing Kun, Hong Zhi Cui, Shao Hua Huang, Jin Quan Sun, Hong Guang Yang, and Yong Feng Li. "Laser Cladding of Ni-Based Alloy on Mg Alloy with Brass Transition." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.197.

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Laser cladding of Ni-based alloy on Mg-alloy was achieved by using brass as transition layer on substrate. The Ni-based alloy layer free of cracks and porosities was bonded metallurgically with the Mg substrate using brass as the transitional layer. The Ni-based cladding layer was mainly composed of Cr2Ni3, FeNi3, AlNi3 while the content of Mg, Al, Cu and Zn is very low in the cladding layer. Microhardness and the wear resistance of the sample were tested, whose results indicated that microhardness and wear resistance increased 12.8 times and 13.3 times, respectively compared with the substrate. In addition, the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the sample was much higher than that of untreated materials.
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Svéda, Mária, and András Roósz. "Development of Amorphous and Microstructured Surface Layer by Laser Surface Treatment." Materials Science Forum 752 (March 2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.752.175.

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The aim of the research was to develop an amorphous and microstructured layer on non-amorphous alloys by laser surface treatment. The as-prepared Cu based master alloy ingots were imbedded in a metallic sinking with Wood metal to assure the good thermal conductivity during the laser treatment. The laser remelting, alloying and coating techniques were applied from the laser surface treatment techniques. The surface layer production and a subsequent rapid cooling were performed using CO2 laser and pulse and continuous modes of Nd:YAG laser. The characterization of the microstructure of the resulting surface layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Actual remelting on substrates showed that the process of laser remelting is a suitable technique for production of metallic glasses as surface layers. The amorphous layer up to 250 m in depth can be produced by laser surface remelting on Cu46Zr42Al7Y5 alloy.
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Konovodov, D., and V. Nakonechnyi. "AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM AND MAGNESIUM LAYERS DURING THE ROLLING OF THREE-LAYER STRIPS." Modern Problems of Metalurgy, no. 26 (April 23, 2023): 52–60. https://doi.org/10.34185/1991-7848.2023.01.05.

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Modern magnesium alloys have prospects for wide application in the automotive and aerospace industries, where the maximum weight reduction of the structure is of great importance. These alloys have a sufficiently high specific strength. But the magnesium alloys that are used are prone to corrosion, which limits their use. One of the options for increasing corrosion resistance is the use of magnesium alloy strips inside three-layer strips, the outer layers of which consist of strips of another metal or alloy. The non-uniformity of the deformation of the strip during rolling affects the formation of the adhesion zone of the layers of different alloys. Therefore, it is relevant to study the deformation of the layers inside such a composite. The purpose of the work is to study the behavior of the layers during the rolling of three-layer bimetallic strips. Three-layer strips made of aluminum alloy AW-2017A and magnesium AZ31, which were obtained by the method of joint hot plastic deformation on a rolling mill, were considered. During hot rolling of three-layer strips, a difference in height relative deformation of layers from different alloys was observed. The study of the behavior of the layers of different metals inside the three-layer strip was performed using an optical microscope. It was established that the outer layers of the AW-2017A alloy are deformed more intensively than the inner layers of the AZ31 alloy when rolling three-layer strips. When deformation of billets with a total initial thickness of 12.8 mm with a degree of deformation of 50%, the relative deformation of aluminum alloy layers is on average 50-52%, and magnesium alloy layers is 44%. For the billet with the initial thickness of the workpiece of 8 mm, a similar ratio is observed in the height deformation of the layers.
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Yao, Huan, Zhiyong LI, Yingqiao Zhang, et al. "Study on laser cladding system of the high-entropy alloy layer on the AZ91D magnesium." Journal of Laser Applications 34, no. 3 (2022): 032007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000680.

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A new type of composite layer material system, Al4Ni/Al2CrCuFeNi2Ti high-entropy alloy, was designed. The Al4Ni transition layer was prepared on the surface of an AZ91D magnesium alloy by laser cladding, which solves the problem of excessive melting point difference between the magnesium alloy and the high-entropy alloy. The Al4Ni/Al2CrCuFeNi2Ti high-entropy alloy composite layer with good surface formation was successfully prepared on the AZ91D magnesium matrix. Optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure and properties of the composite layer. It showed that the high-entropy alloy layer was mainly composed of simple BCC and FCC solid solution phases. The Al2CrCuFeNi2Ti high-entropy alloy layer, the Al4Ni layer, and the AZ91D magnesium matrix have excellent metallurgical bonds. The hardness of the high-entropy alloy layer was about 12 times that of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. The corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy layer in 3.5 wt. % NaCl was also improved.
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Lin, Yinghua, Haibo Wang, Mingxing Zhang, et al. "Gradient Coating of Laser Cladding TiB2/Ti-Based Alloy on Titanium Alloy Surface." Coatings 13, no. 4 (2023): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040743.

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The technology of the TiB2/TiB cladding layer addresses the issue of the insufficient wear resistance of cup-shaped parts composed of titanium alloy materials. In order to eliminate the cracking problem of laser cladding TiB2/Ti-based alloy, 30%TiB2/Ti-based alloy gradient coating was prepared on the surface of titanium alloy by laser cladding in this study. The results revealed that the microstructure of the matrix and the cladding layer is metallurgically bonded. The microstructures of the cladding layer appear as rod-like and coarse-grained features on the surface, and fine needle-like and small-grained morphologies inside. The fine needle-like TiB precipitated in situ from the melt has a flat interface with Ti and exhibits a low degree of interfacial mismatch, while the interface between small particle-like TiB and Ti is wavy and has a high degree of interfacial mismatch. The gradual increase in the amount of TiB is present from the surface to the bottom of the cladding layer, while the amount of unmelted TiB2 particles decreases. The chemical structure of the cladding layer is mainly presented as TiB2, TiB and α-Ti phases. The maximum hardness of the cladding layer is 725 HV0.2, where it is more than twice the hardness of the substrate. The fretting wear resistance of the cladding layer is better than that of the titanium alloy substrate under low loads (50 N–100 N), while a high load (more than 150 N) triggers a reverse outcome.
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Grigoryev, Alexey, Igor Polozov, Anatoliy Popovich, and Vadim Sufiyarov. "Application of additive technologies for synthesis of titanium alloys of Ti-Al, Ti-Al-Nb systems of elemental powders." SHS Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184400037.

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Additive technologies are one of the drivers for development of new industrial revolution. For developing additive production it is necessary to expand the nomenclature of materials used in the form of powders. One of the ways for synthesizing new alloys in additive technologies is applying a mixture of powders as primary components; the powders correspond in their composition to the given alloy. The technology of selective laser melting enables synthesizing the necessary alloy by means of layer by layer melting of a powder mixture. A study of the process of Ti-5Al and Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloys synthesis of elemental powders by means of selective laser melting was undertaken in this work. Microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties of the synthesized alloys were studied and also the influence of thermal processing on the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy obtained of elemental powders was explored.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alloy layer"

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Taylor, Matthew Logan. "Hydrogen permeation of Alloy-22 considering the passive layer." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446439.

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SOUTO, MARCELO BELMIRO GOMES DE. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OXIDIZED LAYER OF ALLOY ASTM F15 OBTAINED UNDER DIFFERENT SURFACE CONDITIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25671@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>A liga ASTM F15 é usada para o encapsulamento de componentes ou dispositivos eletrônicos em virtude de seu baixo coeficiente de expansão térmica que é similar à de vidros duros. Na construção de juntas vitro metálicas com características de hermeticidade a formação de uma camada de óxido na superfície metálica é necessária para que ocorra o molhamento adequado desta superfície pelo sealing glass. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dois tipos de superfícies, subdivididos em grupos, de modo a avaliar a sua influência na formação da camada oxidada. As superfícies foram oxidadas à temperatura de 800 graus C, em atmosfera ambiente, variando o tempo de oxidação em 5, 10, 20 e 40 minutos, seguido de resfriamento ao ar. As camadas de óxido foram caracterizadas quanto a sua morfologia e composição química, utilizando Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia Ótica (MO), Difração de Raio X (DRX) e Espectroscopia de emissão e fótons de raio X (XPS) e Rugosimetria. As camadas de óxido foram avaliadas em função do ganho de massa superficial, espessura, composição química e rugosidade da superfície metálica. Os principais produtos de oxidação, nas condições estudadas foram Hematita (Fe2O3), Magnetita (Fe3O4) e Taenita (FeNi). Foi observado que e as condições superficiais de rugosidade não influenciaram o tipo de produtos de oxidação obtido, porém se obteve maiores ganhos de massa para as superfícies polidas mecanicamente.<br>The alloy ASTM F15 is used for the encapsulation of components or electronic devices because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion that is similar to hard glasses. In construction joints glass-to-metal tightness with characteristics forming an oxide layer on the metallic surface is required so that adequate wetting takes place at the surface of this sealing glass. This study looked at two types of surfaces, subdivided into groups in order to assess their influence on the oxide layer. One group was subjected to mechanical polishing and the other group subjected to chemical polishing. The surfaces were oxidized at a temperature of 800 degrees C in the ambient atmosphere by varying the oxidation time at 5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes, followed by cooling to air. As oxide layers were characterized for their morphology and chemical composition, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optic Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Emission spectroscopy and X-ray photons (XPS) and Rugosimeter.The oxide layer was evaluated in terms of surface mass, thickness, chemical composition and surface roughness of the metal surface. The main oxidation products under the conditions studied were Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Taenita (FeNi). It was observed that, surface roughness conditions did not influence the type of oxidation products obtained, but it had greater mass gains for the mechanically polished surfaces.
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Zhao, Zhijun. "Role of surface active layers on localized breakdown of aluminum alloy 7075." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1160670830.

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Hazlehurst, Kevin Brian. "The adoption of laser melting technology for the manufacture of functionally graded cobalt chrome alloy femoral stems." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/332114.

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Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is an orthopaedic procedure that is performed to reduce pain and restore the functionality of hip joints that are affected by degenerative diseases. The outcomes of THA are generally good. However, the stress shielding of the periprosthetic femur is a factor that can contribute towards the premature loosening of the femoral stem. In order to improve the stress shielding characteristics of metallic femoral stems, stiffness configurations that offer more flexibility should be considered. This research has investigated the potential of more flexible and lightweight cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) femoral stems that can be manufactured using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Square pore cellular structures with compressive properties that are similar to human bone have been presented and incorporated into femoral stems by utilising fully porous and functionally graded designs. A three dimensional finite element model has been developed to investigate and compare the load transfer to the periprosthetic femur when implanted with femoral stems offering different stiffness configurations. It was shown that the load transfer was improved when the properties of the square pore cellular structures were incorporated into the femoral stem designs. Factors affecting the manufacturability and production of laser melted femoral stems have been investigated. A femoral stem design has been proposed for cemented or cementless fixation. Physical testing has shown that a functionally graded stem can be repeatedly manufactured using SLM, which was 48% lighter and 60% more flexible than a traditional CoCrMo prosthesis. The research presented in this thesis has provided an early indication of utilising SLM to manufacture lightweight CoCrMo femoral stems with levels of flexibility that have the potential to reduce stress shielding in the periprosthetic femur.
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Domfang, Ngnekou Julius-Noël. "Étude expérimentale de la tenue en fatigue de l’alliage AlSi10Mg élaboré par fusion laser de lit de poudre Influence of as-built surface and heat treatment on the fatigue resistance of Additively Layer Manufacturing (ALM) AlSi10Mg alloy Fatigue resistance of selectively laser melted aluminum alloy under T6 heat treatment Fatigue properties of AlSi10Mg produced by Additive Layer Manufacturing." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0015.

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Ce travail montre l'impact des défauts et de la microstructure sur la limite de fatigue de l’AlSi10Mg de fabrication additive (FA). Les échantillons d’étude sont fabriqués suivant trois orientations (0 °, 45 ° et 90 °) ; les surfaces d’étude sont usinées ou brutes de fabrication. Les éprouvettes sont étudiées avec ou sans traitement thermique T6. Avant toute chose, le matériau est d’abord caractérisé en lien avec les paramètres du procédé à l’aide de plusieurs moyens (microscopie, microtomographie). Du point de la fatigue, les courbes S-N sont établies avant et après T6, principalement à R = -1 en sollicitation uniaxiale. Pour toutes les éprouvettes d’étude, l’analyse des faciès montre que ce sont toujours les défauts qui sont à l’origine de la rupture par fatigue. Ainsi, un critère est appliqué pour définir ces défauts critiques (type, taille morphologie et position) et la limite de fatigue est systématiquement analysée via les diagrammes de Kitagawa. Le rôle de la direction de construction sur la tenue en fatigue est étudié, avant et après traitement thermique T6, tant pour les surfaces usinées que brutes de fabrication. À cet effet, un scénario basé sur la taille caractéristique des grains est proposé pour expliquer les effets d’orientation post-T6. La contribution de la structure de précipitation est également étudiée ; ainsi que le rôle des défauts (type, taille, morphologie et position) sur la limite de fatigue à différents états microstructuraux : avant et après T6. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes d’endommagement par fatigue en surface, la méthode des répliques est déployée sur une éprouvette polie. Dans ce cadre, une loi de propagation des fissures naturelles, c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont dues à un défaut hérité du procédé, est identifiée. Elle permet de séparer les phases d’amorçage et de propagation, alimentant ainsi les discussions sur les phénomènes d’amorçage en présence de défauts. Par ailleurs, quelques critères de fatigue sont également discutés et l’approche Defect Stress Gradient (DSG) est adaptée au matériau d’étude en tenant compte de la taille des grains cristallographiques. Pour les sections utiles brutes de fabrication, le rôle du mode de suppression des supports fabrication sur l’amorçage des fissures de fatigue est étudié ; la définition de la notion de taille de défauts en présence de la rugosité, à l’échelle de l’ondulation de surface, est abordée. Sachant que l’amorçage peut avoir lieu sur une ondulation de surface ou sur un défaut isolé (porosité ou défaut de fusion), une méthode expérimentale est proposée pour analyser la compétition entre ces facteurs. Dans un contexte de développement industriel, l’influence sur la limite de fatigue des paramètres de procédé relatifs au laser (vitesse de balayage, puissance et distance de hachure), au lit de poudre (composition chimique, taille des particules, épaisseur du lit) est étudiée, en vue d’alimenter les discussions vers l’optimisation du procédé du point de vue de la tenue en fatigue<br>This work shows the impact of defects and microstructure on the fatigue limit of AlSi10Mg produced by Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM). Samples are produced according to three orientations with respect to the construction plate (0 °, 45 ° and 90 °); the studied surfaces are machined or left as-built (AB) in the gauge section. The specimens are studied with or without T6 heat treatment. The study surfaces are machined or as built. Some specimens are subjected to T6 heat treatment. Before any others study, the material is characterized in connection with the process parameters through several techniques (microscopes and 3D X-ray microtomography). Regarding the fatigue, the S-N curves are established before and after T6, mainly at R = -1 under uniaxial loading. For all the fatigue test specimens, fracture surfaces analysis shows that it is always a defect that cause fatigue failure. Thus, a criterion is applied to define these critical defects (type, size morphology and position) and the fatigue limit is analyzed through the Kitagawa type diagrams. The role of the building direction on the fatigue strength is studied, before and after T6 heat treatment, for both machined and as-built surfaces. For this purpose, a sketch based on the characteristic grain size is proposed to explain post-T6 orientation effects. The contribution of the precipitation structure is also studied; as well as the role of defects (type, size, morphology and position) on the fatigue limit at different microstructural states: before and after T6. In order to understand the surface fatigue damage mechanisms, the replica method is used on a polished specimen. In this context, a propagation law of natural cracks, that is to say due to a defect inherited from the process, is identified. It makes it possible to separate the initiation and propagation phases, thus feeding the discussions on the phenomena of priming in the presence of defects. In addition, some fatigue criteria are also discussed and the Defect Stress Gradient (DSG) approach is adapted to the studied material, by taking into account the size of the crystallographic grains. In the specific case of specimens with as-built useful sections, the role of the process of suppression of the building supports on the initiation of fatigue cracks is studied; the definition of the concept of defect size in the presence of roughness, at the scale of the surface undulation, is discussed. Knowing that initiation can occurs on a surface undulation or on an isolated defect (porosity or lack-of-fusion), an experimental method is proposed to analyze the competition between these factors. In a context of industrial development, the influence on the fatigue limit of the process parameters, related to the laser (scanning speed, power and hatching distance), or powder bed (chemical composition, particle size, bed thickness) is studied, in order to feed the discussions towards the process optimization regarding the fatigue strength
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Li, Kai. "Origins and evolution of near-surface microstructures and their influence on the optical property of AA3104 aluminium alloy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/origins-and-evolution-of-nearsurface-microstructures-and-their-influence-on-the-optical-property-of-aa3104-aluminium-alloy(69670a59-c416-40a1-920f-a246959791a4).html.

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The microstructures of the near-surface layers on AA3104 aluminium alloys and their evolution through rolling and deep drawing processes have been investigated. The effect of the near-surface layers on the optical property of AA3104 aluminium alloy has also been assessed. It was revealed that two types of near-surface deformed layers, both with different microstructures different from the underlying bulk alloy, were generated on the surface of AA3104 aluminium alloy during rolling. Both of them are characterized by ultrafine, equiaxed grains, with diameters <100 nm for type A near-surface deformed layer and <200 nm for type B near-surface deformed layer. A high population density of nano-sized, oxygen-rich particles is present along grain boundaries within type A deformed layer. But type B deformed layer is free of oxygen-rich particles. Type A deformed layer was generated through two mechanisms, i.e. geometric dynamic recrystallization and mechanical alloying. Rolling introduced plastic strain in the surface/near-surface region of aluminium sheet was of sufficient magnitude to cause geometric dynamic recrystallization and thus microstructure refinement. In addition, the incorporation of oxides into the near-surface region was also involved in the formation of type A deformed layer. However, the formation of type B deformed layer was only attributed to severe strain induced geometric dynamic recrystallization. Type A deformed layer was mainly formed at the early stages of hot rolling. The subsequent rolling and deep drawing reduced the thickness of type A deformed layer by distributing it over a larger surface area. During cold rolling, type A deformed layer broke into patches with the extension of alloy surface. Type B deformed layer may be generated on the nascent surface if the strain is sufficiently severe to cause geometric dynamic recrystallization. For the hot rolled alloy sheets, the surface/near-surface region is mainly covered by type A deformed layer. However, for the alloys after cold rolling, only limited area is covered with type A deformed layer. The thicknesses of the near-surface deformed layers are not uniform across the surface of AA3104 aluminium alloy. The maximum thickness of type A deformed layer on transfer slab is approximately 4 µm, while that on re-roll gauge sheet is ~1 µm, and ~0.8 µm on the final gauge sheet, ~400 nm on formed cup and ~100 nm on formed can. Type A deformed layer is randomly distributed as patches on the cold rolled aluminium sheet. The reflectivity of oxygen-rich particles is lower compared with the reflectivity of aluminium. As a result, the type A deformed layer patches absorb more incident light than the area without type A deformed layer. Further, there are plenty of micro-scale mini-cracks present on type A deformed layer, their opening sizes are in the equivalent scale of the wavelength of visible light. The incident light may not able to be reflected out if they go into these mini-cracks. It is more prone to happen for short wavelength light since it is easier for them to go into the mini-cracks than long wavelength light. As a result, less short wavelength visible light is reflected from the type A deformed layer patches. Thus, such patches exhibit a yellow appearance while the surrounding area appears the original silver white aluminium appearance. The aluminium sheet with a high coverage of type A deformed layer exhibits a low total reflectance. Further, its total reflectance is with a significant “red shift”. Neither the macro-scale surface roughness nor the ultrafine grain size affects the total reflectance of aluminium alloys. The total reflectance of aluminium alloys is primarily dependent on the presence of type A deformed layer.
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Яременко, Денис Олегович. "Формування функціональних покриттів на сталі 40Х електроіскровим легуванням хромом та ніобієм". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/43127.

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Об’єкт дослідження – поверхневі шари сталі 40Х, отримані електроіскровим легуванням анодами хромом та ніобієм на повітрі. Мета роботи – встановити вплив послідовності ЕІЛ хромом і ніобієм на мікроструктуру, фазовий склад і мікротвердість поверхневих шарів сталі 40Х. Методи дослідження – гравіметричний, мікроструктурний, мікродюрометричний та рентгенофазовий. Показана можливість формування зміцнених покриттів (мікротвердістю 9,5 ГПа – 14,5 ГПа і товщиною 20 мкм – 35 мкм) електроіскровим легуванням Cr та Nb сталі 40Х при різній послідовності нанесення матеріалів анодів. Встановлено вплив нанесення хрому та ніобію під час електроіскрового легування сталі 40Х на поверхневу мікротвердість, фазовий склад та мікроструктуру модифікованого шару. Виявлено, що найбільшу мікротвердість (14,5 ГПа) має легований шар після ЕІЛ сталі Nb, а найбільшу товщину (35 мкм) – при пошаровому ЕІЛ у послідовності Cr- Nb. Практичне значення: одержані в роботі результати та з’ясовані закономірності формування структури та характеристик модифікованих шарів під час електроіскрового легування можуть бути застосовані для подовження строку експлуатації деталей машин та механізмів.<br>The object of the study is the surface layers of 40X steel, obtained by electrospark doping with chromium and niobium anodes in air. The aim of the work is to establish the influence of EIL chromium and niobium sequences on the microstructure, phase composition and microhardness of 40X steel surface layers. Research methods - gravimetric, microstructural, microdyurometric and X-ray phase. The possibility of forming reinforced coatings (microhardness 9.5 GPa – 14.5 GPa and thickness 20 μm – 35 μm) by electrospark alloying of Cr and Nb steel 40X with different sequence of anode materials application is shown. The influence of chromium and niobium deposition during electrospark alloying of 40X steel on the surface microhardness, phase composition and microstructure of the modified layer was established. It was found that the alloyed layer has the highest microhardness (14.5 GPa) after the EIL of Nb steel, and the greatest thickness (35 μm) - with layered EIL in the Cr-Nb sequence. Practical significance: the results obtained in the work and the regularities of the formation of the structure and characteristics of the modified layers during electrospark alloying can be used to extend the service life of machine parts and mechanisms.
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8

Kumar, Pawan. "Studies of wire-matrix interaction in some tungsten wire reinforced stainless steels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8980.

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There is potential for improving creep properties of stainless steels by reinforcing them with tungsten (W) wires. Past studies have shown that a detrimental factor that impairs the mechanical properties of tungsten wire reinforced superalloy composites is the formation of brittle intermetallic phases due to the interaction between W wire and constituents of the alloy matrices. Formation and growth of the intermetallic phases strongly depends on the matrix chemistry and for the retention of creep strength, matrix compositions that do not form intermetallic phases with tungsten are desirable for fabricating W wire reinforced composites for high temperature applications. This research investigated the formation and growth of reaction phases in W wire reinforced 316L (W/316L) stainless steel and HP alloy steel (W/HP) that were fabricated by casting method. Additionally, the effect of composition on the evolution and kinetics of reaction phases was studied in some W wire reinforced experimental alloys based on Fe-Ni-Cr only (W/Fe-Ni-Cr). The fabricated composites were diffusion annealed in the temperature range 1000-1200°C for 25-500 hours. Microstructure and chemistry of the reaction phases in the as-cast and diffusion annealed composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscattered diffraction techniques. Growth kinetics of the reaction layers and average effective interdiffusion coefficients in the layers were determined for the composites. Results showed that an intermetallic phase isostructural with µ-phase formed in the as-cast W/316L and W/Fe-Ni-Cr composites with 1 and 2 Fe:Ni matrix ratios. In W/HP a phase M12C with crystal structure similar to η-carbide was formed. These phases developed and formed brittle reaction layers around the W wires during diffusion annealing. A parabolic relationship between the µ-phase and η-carbide growth and diffusion annealing time indicated that the growth of reaction layers was diffusion controlled. In the W/Fe-Ni-Cr composites, formation of intermetallic phases did not occur in the matrices with 0.5Fe:Ni ratio, instead some isolated tungsten particles were observed in the matrix adjacent to the wires after diffusion annealing. In W/Fe-Ni-Cr composites with 1 and 2 Fe:Ni matrix ratio, the growth of µ-phase reaction layers during annealing was observed to be dependent on the matrix composition. It was found that with an increase in the Ni content in the matrix, growth of µ-phase reaction layer decreased. The study presented in this thesis gives first-hand information on phase formation and growth kinetics of the reaction layers in W/316L and W/HP composites. It revealed that the interaction of W with 316L and HP alloy matrices leads to formation of cracked intermetallic and carbide reaction layers which are not desirable in the composites designed for high temperature applications. It has also been shown in this study that in W/Fe-Ni-Cr composites, intermetallic phase formation can be suppressed by increasing Ni content in the matrix. In the composite with high Ni contents in the matrix (0.5Fe:Ni ratio) intermetallic phases do not form even after diffusion annealing at 1200°C. This intermetallic free W/Fe-Ni-Cr composite can further be studied for its creep strength.
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Jagtap, Rohit. "The Effects of Ultrasonic Nano-crystal Surface Modification on Residual Stress, Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Low-Modulus Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta-0.3O Alloy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479823317088871.

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Seong, Jinwook. "Inhibition of Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized AA5083." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429701294.

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Books on the topic "Alloy layer"

1

Max, Michal Gary, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Reaction layer formation at the graphite/copper-chromium alloy interface. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Max, Michal Gary, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Reaction layer formation at the graphite/copper-chromium alloy interface. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Sexton, Cornelius L. Rapid alloy scanning by laser cladding. Shaker, 1995.

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Sharman, Robert John. Direct laser fabrication of a burn resistant titanium alloy. University of Birmingham, 2003.

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Betz, Juergen. Laser and plasma nitriding of titanium alloys. University of Birmingham, 1988.

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R, Jan, and Langley Research Center, eds. A fundamental study of laser beam welding aluminum-lithium alloy 2195 for cryogenic tank applications. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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G, Lysher K., and Langley Research Center, eds. The feasiblity of producing aluminum-lithium structures for cyrogenic tankage applications by laser beam welding. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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Sing, Swee Leong. Selective Laser Melting of Novel Titanium-Tantalum Alloy as Orthopaedic Biomaterial. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2724-7.

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Lehner, Christof. Beschreibung des Nd: YAG-Laserstrahlschweissprozesses von Magnesiumdruckguss. Utz, 2001.

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Peter, Seyffarth, and Krivtsun Igor V, eds. Laser-arc processes and their applications in welding and material treatment. Taylor & Francis, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alloy layer"

1

Hu, Junhua, and Guoqin Cao. "Coordination of Elemental Diffusion and Self-enhanced Oxide Layer on Zr-Si Amorphous Coatings." In Zirconium Alloy Coatings. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5028-6_4.

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Jiang, Yongfeng, Yefeng Bao, and Ke Yang. "Composite Coatings Combining PEO Layer and EPD Layer on Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2011. Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48223-1_100.

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Jiang, Yongfeng, Yefeng Bao, and Ke Yang. "Composite Coatings Combining PEO layer and EPD Layer on Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2011. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062029.ch100.

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Takimoto, K., K. Suzuki, K. Nishizaka, and T. Ohtsubo. "SIMS Analysis of Zn-Fe Alloy Galvanized Layer." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82724-2_112.

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Erutin, D., A. Popovich, and V. Sufiiarov. "Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Functionally Graded Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Cobalt-Based Alloy via Selective Laser Melting." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65870-9_84.

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Ding, Wenfeng, Biao Zhao, Ning Qian, Haonan Li, and Jiuhua Xu. "Grinding Behaviour and Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy." In Single-Layer Brazed Cubic Boron Nitride Abrasive Tools. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032678047-16.

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Fujikami, Jun, Takahiro Taneda, Yuichi Yamada, et al. "Spiral Pitch Adjusted Multi-layer Conductor with Alloy-sheathed Wire." In Advances in Superconductivity XI. Springer Japan, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66874-9_210.

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Ovcharenko, Vladimir E., Konstantin V. Ivanov, and Bao Hai Yu. "Formation of a Nanostructured Hardened Surface Layer on the TiC-(Ni-Cr) Metal-Ceramic Alloy by Pulsed Electron-Beam Irradiation." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_18.

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AbstractThe efficiency and service life of products made from metal-ceramic tool alloys and used as cutting tools and friction units are determined by a combination of physical and strength properties of their surface layers with a thickness of up to 200 μm. Therefore, much attention is paid to their improvement at the present time. An effective way to increase the operational properties of the metal-ceramic alloy products is to modify the structure and the phase composition of the surface layers by forming multi-scale internal structures with a high proportion of low-dimensional (submicro and nano) components. For this purpose, surfaces are treated with concentrated energy fluxes. Pulse electron-beam irradiation (PEBI) in an inert gas plasma is one of the most effective methods. This chapter presents results of theoretical and experimental studies of this process. An example is the nanostructured hardened surface layer on the TiC-(Ni-Cr) metal-ceramic alloy (ratio of components 50:50) formed by PEBI in the plasma of argon, krypton, and xenon. Its multi-level structure, phase composition, as well as tribological and strength properties are shown.
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Basiaga, Marcin, Janusz Szewczenko, Witold Walke, Zbigniew Paszenda, Magdalena Antonowicz, and Agnieszka Hyla. "Electrochemical Properties of $$TiO_{2}$$ Oxide Layer Deposited on Ti6Al7Nb Alloy." In Innovations in Biomedical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47154-9_1.

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Forn, Antonio, Josep A. Picas, Maite T. Baile, Sergi Menargues, and V. G. García. "Anodic Oxide Layer Formation on A357 Aluminium Alloy Produced by Thixocasting." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-26-4.80.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alloy layer"

1

Qvarfort, Rolf, and Jan Olsson. "Transpassive Corrosion of High Alloy Stainless Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02133.

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Abstract Nickel-base alloys can suffer extensive transpassive corrosion when exposed to nearly neutral environments in pulp bleach plants. One consequence is that highly alloyed austenitic stainless steels, commonly welded with nickel-base fillers, will suffer preferential weld attack under these conditions. There are also reports showing the same phenomenon in desalination plants, although the corrosion rate has been extremely low without causing any damage. The transpassive corrosion phenomena on the high alloy stainless steels UNS S31254 and UNS S32654 have been investigated and compared to the nickel-base alloys UNS N06625 and UNS N10276. The investigation was based on electrochemical measurements in chloride and nitrate solutions in the pH range 1-7. The investigation showed that an oxide layer with some protective capacity, i.e. a pseudo-passive layer, could form on the surface of the stainless steels in the transpassive range but not so on the Ni-base alloys. This pseudo-passivity may be effective in neutral and moderately acid solutions. The composition of the pseudo-passive oxide was found to be quite different from the passive layer formed at lower potentials. A higher content of iron was measured and a certain amount of iron seems to be necessary to give the oxide its protective capacity.
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Mao, Xing, Dong Xu, Shaotong Zhang, et al. "Thickness Measurement of Alloy Steel Carburizing Layer Based on Laser Ultrasonic." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information, Mechanical Engineering, Robotics and Automation (AIMERA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimera59657.2024.10735763.

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Church, Benjamin, Lizeth Ortiz, Elmer Prenzlow, and James Myers. "High Temperature Coking Resistance of an Alumina Forming Alloy." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09784.

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Abstract Coking is the process of carbon deposition from a gas phase that is encountered in many reforming, cracking and other high temperature processes. Coking in certain petrochemical processes can lead to carbon build up causing reduced process efficiency, corrosive attack and degradation of the alloy. Components used in these processes are fabricated from HP alloys that form a chromia-based oxide layer or more recent alloys that form an alumina-based oxide layer to help protect against coking. An experimental high temperature coking atmosphere was constructed and used to evaluate the effects of temperature, time and metal surface roughness on the carbon deposition of an alumina forming alloy. Coking conditions were simulated with multiple atmospheres including CO-H2 mixtures at moderate temperatures and ethane at higher temperatures. Carbon deposition was tracked using specific mass change of the samples as a function of exposure times and conditions. Results obtained with the alumina forming alloy were compared to a baseline HP alloy. The materials were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy to characterize the oxide layer formation, carbon deposition layers and carbon attack, and changes to base metal microstructure. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the carbon deposits. The overall resistance of the alumina-forming alloys relative to the traditional chromia forming composition will be described.
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Wu, Xinqiang, Mingcheng Sun, and En-Hou Han. "Oxidation of Stainless Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys in Supercritical Water Containing H2O2 Environments." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10197.

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Abstract Corrosion behaviors of stainless steels and nickel-base alloys were investigated in H2O2-containing SCW environments. The effects of temperature, exposure time and H2O2 concentration were examined. The mass gain and the morphologies, microstructures, compositions and structures of the oxide scales were investigated using weight measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Duplex layers of the oxide scales were observed for both the stainless steel and nickel-base alloy after exposure in SCWO environments, consisting of an outer layer of large-grain oxides and an inner layer of fine-grain oxides. The duplex-layer structure was identified to be Ni(OH)2/NiO/NiCr2O4/Cr2O3/alloy matrix from outer to inner layer for the nickel-base alloy, and to be FeOOH/(Fe,Cr)2O3/(Fe,Cr)3O4/Cr2O3/Ni-rich layer/steel matrix for the stainless steel. A nickel enrichment was observed at the oxide/matrix interface for the stainless steel, especially at higher temperatures. The growth mechanisms of the oxide scales on the stainless steel and nickel-base alloy are discussed.
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Aberle, Dirk, Martin Wolf, and Friedrich Stenner. "Corrosion Resistance of Nickel Alloys and Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Cladding as a Function of Dilution." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10262.

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Abstract Overlay welding of carbon and low-alloy steels with corrosion resistant alloys is a widely-used process for corrosion protection today. It allows generating a compact and tightly bonded layer of corrosion resistant alloy on a framework of less expensive material (e.g. carbon steel) which would not fulfil the corrosion resistance. Furthermore it gives the possibility of cladding more complex geometrical forms (e.g. fittings). Overlay welding is therefore increasingly applied in different segments like the Oil &amp; Gas, Chemical Process Industry or Energy Industry. During the overlay welding process a dilution of the weld cladding with the base metal will occur. To save costs, fabricators try to keep the overlay layer as thin as possible, which may result in a high content of base material in the clad. Changing the composition of the clad material will change the corrosion resistance also. For the present paper, different Nickel alloys as Alloy 625 (UNS N06625), Alloy 59 (UNS N06059), Alloy 22 (UNS N06022), Alloy 825 (UNS N08825) and one Special Stainless Steel (Alloy 31 UNS N08031) are overlay welded in 1 to 3 layers on carbon steel. The dilution is measured by EDX-technique and is also shown as an element concentration diagram in correlation of the layer thickness. Furthermore results of pitting corrosion in an immersion test with “Green Death” solution will be discussed.
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Kim, Jin Ho, Kyung Jin Park, Myoung Ho Ahn, and Young Cheol Yoon. "Effect of Anodizing Treatment on Galvanically Accelerated Crevice Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05699.

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Abstract Aluminum alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where corrosion resistance is required because it has protective layers of aluminum oxide. However, galvanic corrosion can occur when aluminum alloy is placed in electrical contact with other metals that have more positive corrosion potentials than aluminum. Furthermore, corrosion rate can be accelerated in crevice. In this study, crevice and galvanic corrosion characteristics of anodized aluminum in a NaCl solution at 25 °C were studied as thickness of aluminum oxide layer. Electrochemical test results indicate beneficial effect of oxide layer for corrosion resistance. As thickness of oxide layer increase, open-circuit potential and pitting corrosion resistance increase. The galvanic current decreases with increasing thickness of aluminum oxide layer. Crevice corrosion test results confirm the electrochemical test results and reveal the dependence of galvanic current on crevice corrosion behavior.
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Paul, Larry, and Curtis Prothe. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Nickel Alloy Clad Plates." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05680.

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Abstract The chemical process industries use a variety of equipment which sometimes requires the use of clad plates. These clad plates use carbon or low-alloy steel for the main structural or pressure-containing load bearing requirements and are clad on one side with a corrosion resistant material. These plates can be bonded through either high temperature roll bonding or by explosion cladding. After the cladding process a heat treatment is required to stress relieve the carbon or low-alloy steel and is required by either application requirements or by design code (such as ASME). Heat treating the clad plates will have an effect on the corrosion resistant clad layer and needs to also be considered. This paper will focus on the heat treat requirements of various substrate materials and how these impact nickel alloys used for the corrosion resistant clad layers. The use of standard laboratory corrosion tests to verify the corrosion resistance of the clad layer after heat treating is also reviewed here.
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8

Maldonado, L., L. Diaz, H. Grübmaier, A. Naoumidis, and H. Nickel. "Alloying Element Diffusion in Alloy 800 H (UNS N08810) and Alloy 617 (UNS N06617)." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96423.

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Abstract Samples of alloy 800 H (UNS N08810) and alloy 617 (UNS N06617) were oxidized in a simulated process gas atmosphere. The principal elements of the gaseous environment were 50% H2O, 35% H2 and 5% of CO2, CO, and CH4, respectively. The experiments were carried out at temperatures from 850°C to 950°C for exposures ranging from 600 to 5000 hours. After the exposure, the alloy surfaces showed compact oxide layers, which resulted in a depleted zone of oxidizing elements in the substrate layer. Using Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), concentration profiles and the extension of the depleted zone were measured. Calculated theoretical profiles were then fitted to the EPMA-measured profiles, using Fick's second law of diffusion and resolved by a finite difference method and diffusion coefficients as fitting parameters. The diffusion coefficients for chromium may be represented as D = Do exp.(- Q / RT) with the values Do = 11.4 cm2/s and Q = 289 kJ / mol for alloy 800 H and Do = 2.1 cm2/s and Q = 280 kJ/ mol for alloy 617. The value of the resulting activation energy Q for diffusion in the investigated alloys is similar to that reported in the literature for f.c.c structures.
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Klapper, Helmuth Sarmiento, Gabriela Wiese, and John Stevens. "Influence of Heat Tints on the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Ni-based Alloy UNS N07718." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4132.

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Abstract During heat treatment surface oxide layers, usually called heat tints, are formed on metallic materials. These oxide layers are composed of elements that have been selectively oxidized from the base metal; in the case of high-alloy materials principally chromium, nickel and iron. On austenitic stainless steels, it is well known that the region beneath the oxide layer is depleted in one or more of the elements that are involved in the scale formation. Consequently, reduced corrosion resistance is expected. It is also known that defects and stresses within the heat tint layer limit their protectiveness. Therefore, heat tint layers are usually removed by mechanical and/or chemical treatments to avoid corrosion issues during service. Nevertheless, the same understanding on heat tints formed during aging of precipitation hardenable Ni-based alloys is still lacking. Ni-based alloys generally have better corrosion resistance than stainless steels and the chemical composition of their surface oxide layers differ from those typically formed on stainless steels. In the present work the effect of heat tints on the pitting corrosion resistance of the Ni-based alloy UNS N07718 has been evaluated by means of electrochemical methods including cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical noise measurements, and exposure tests in chloride-containing solutions.
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Ueda, M., H. Amaya, and H. Okamoto. "Economical Nickel Base Alloy for Sour Environment at Elevated Temperature." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97025.

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Abstract Economical Ni base alloys with modified chemical composition range of UNS N08535, were investigated in mild sour environment. The mild sour environment considered was 25% NaCl solution containing 0.2MPa H2S and 3.0MPa CO2. Corrosion resistance of 25Cr-3Mo alloy was improved by Cu addition not less than 1.48mass% and Ni content not less than 31.9mass%. Based on test results, an economical alloy which consisted of 25Cr-32Ni-3Mo-1.5Cu has been developed. The critical temperature for SCC resistance of the economical alloy in a mild sour environment was 50°F(28°C) higher than that of conventional alloys containing 3mass% Mo in hostile environments with high H2S partial pressure and CH3COOH. The surface film formed on the economical Ni base alloy was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometer(SIMS) after 48 and 720h exposures in a mild sour environment. The surface film, consisting of an outer Cr-O layer, a middle Ni-S layer, and an inner Cr-O layer, was still growing at 48h, and after 720h the film became a single Cr-O layer with sulfide on the film surface and with Cu enrichment in the film in contact with the mother metal. Furthermore, The role of alloying elements such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo and Cu in SCC resistance was discussed from the viewpoint of stability of corrosion product based on the solubility of oxide and sulfide calculated by thermodynamic method.
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Reports on the topic "Alloy layer"

1

Williamson, M., J. Mickalonis, D. Fisher, and R. Sindelar. PASSIVATION LAYER STABILITY OF A METALLIC ALLOY WASTE FORM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986352.

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Sears, Chandler. Total Joint Implant Alloy Oxide Layer Cell-Induced Damage. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2022.0016.

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D. Zagidulin, P. Jakupi, J.J. Noel, and D.W. Shoesmith. Evaluation of an Oxide Layer on NI-CR-MO-W Alloy Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Surface Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899320.

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Alexandreanu, Bogdan, Yiren Chen, Xuan Zhang, and Wei-Ying Chen. Effect of Thermal Aging on Microstructure and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of an Alloy 152 1st Layer Butter Weldment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2460511.

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Jinawath, Supatra, Dujreutai Pongkao Kachima, and Pornapa Sujaridworakun. Preparation of bioceramic specimens for medical application : report on. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.37.

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HA (hydroxyapatite, Ca [subscript 10](PO[subscript 4])[subscript 6](OH)[subscript 2], Ca/P = 1.67) and composite TCP/HA (Tricalcium phosphate, Ca [subscript 3] (PO [subscript 4]) [subscript 2], Ca/P = 1.5) were synthesized in our laboratory from bovine bone ash or the waste from the manufacture of products derived from it and fabricated into porous bar and disc shaped specimens (30-34 v% porosity, flexural strength of 17 MPa, pore diameters &lt;5-30 [mu]) for in vivo histological study and clinical trial, repectively. The histological results of the 3- and 6-month in vivo tests in canines were positive and successful. The clinical trials using titanium D-cages with HA inserts after 3-6 months were also proved positive, and with a satisfactory result. This also proved our belief that the practical limit of the smallest pore size for blood vessel or bone tissue ingrowth could be smaller than 100[mu] (macropore) in the case of resorbable HA ceramic with interconnected micro-to-mesopores (estimated as &lt;1, 5-30 [mu]). To explore into a broader application, a coating of biological HA layer on Ti alloy implant was also studied and the results were discussed.
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Stevens, D. W., L. A. Hackel, and A. C. Lingenfelter. Laser Peening of Alloy 22 Welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15004905.

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7

Stackhouse, N. T. Tungsten Alloy Laser Track Cracking Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1562378.

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8

Im, Seongil. Ion beam synthesis of SiGe alloy layers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10165796.

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Simpson, T. W., D. Love, E. Endisch, et al. Amorphization threshold in Si-implanted strained SiGe alloy layers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/41378.

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10

Fuerschbach, P. W. Laser assisted arc welding for aluminum alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750165.

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