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Kalkan, Erol, and Juan C. Reyes. "Significance of Rotating Ground Motions on Behavior of Symmetric- and Asymmetric-Plan Structures: Part II. Multi-Story Structures." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 3 (2015): 1613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/072012eqs242m.
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The influence of the ground motion rotation angle on engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in the companion paper based on three-dimensional (3-D) computer models of single-story structures. Further validations are performed here using 3-D models of nine-story buildings that have symmetric and asymmetric layouts subjected to a suite of bi-directional near-fault records with and without apparent velocity-pulses. The linear and nonlinear response-history analyses (RHAs) are used for evaluating the use of fault-normal and fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions and maximum-direction (MD) to rotate ground motions. This study suggests that individual ground motions rotated to MD or FN/FP directions not always provide conservative EDPs in nonlinear range, but often produce larger EDPs than as-recorded motions. In practice, when a suite of ground motions is used, nonlinear RHAs should be performed by rotating them to the MD and FN/FP directions, and maximum response values should be taken from these analyses as design values.
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Arteta, Carlos A., and Norman A. Abrahamson. "Conditional Scenario Spectra (CSS) for Hazard-Consistent Analysis of Engineering Systems." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 2 (2019): 737–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/102116eqs176m.
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Objective assessment of the seismic response of engineering systems is achievable through estimating the rate of exceedance (risk) of the engineering-demand parameters (EDPs), which are usually obtained by performing dynamic analyses with incrementally scaled seed ground motions. However, assigning rates of occurrence to such EDPs is difficult because the input ground motions are inconsistent with those that go into the hazard estimation. The Conditional Scenario Spectra (CSS) are a set of realistic ground-motion spectra with assigned rates of occurrence that reproduce the hazard at a site over various hazard levels and over a period range. The CSS methodology is an improvement over the CS method in that it includes the additional step of adjusting the rates to ensure the consistency of the target hazard. In this article, a step-by-step procedure for estimating the CSS is presented. The analysis of a structural system illustrates the uses of the CSS set for assessing EDPs over a wide range of demand intensity so that the estimation of the risk of these EDPs can be accomplished with ease.
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Piqueras, José Antonio, José Olivares, and María Dolores Hidalgo. "Screening Utility of the Social Anxiety Screening Scale in Spanish Speaking Adolescents." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 2 (2012): 710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38882.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the screening utility of the Social Anxiety Screening Scale (SASS/EDAS) in a sample of 227 adolescents with social anxiety disorder and 156 without it (14-17 years). Results showed that the EDAS subscales (Avoidance, Distress and Interference) scores were reliable in terms of internal consistency (α > .80). All the subscales discriminated between adolescents with and without the disorder. They also showed a positive and significant correlation with other empirically validated measures of social anxiety. The three subscales indicated relevant sensitivity (69.16-84.14%), specificity (63.46-66.03%) and areas under the curve (.74-.81%). Binary logistic regression analyses indicated the adequate predictive utility of EDAS subscales, with the Distress subscale as the best diagnostic predictor. The data provide empirical evidence of the usefulness of EDAS as a screener for adolescent social anxiety disorder in terms of reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness.
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Saint Loubert Bié, Erwan. "Étude d'une EDPS conduite par un bruit poissonnien." Probability Theory and Related Fields 111, no. 2 (1998): 287–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004400050169.
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Brandenberg, Scott J., Pirooz Kashighandi, Jian Zhang, Yili Huo, and Minxing Zhao. "Fragility Functions for Bridges in Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreads." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 3 (2011): 683–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3610248.
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Fragility functions are generated for bridges in liquefied and laterally spreading ground using equivalent static global nonlinear finite element analyses. Bridges are classified based on structural configurations and vintage. Probability density functions are assigned to both structural and geotechnical properties of bridges. Nonlinear equivalent static analyses are conducted with inputs sampled randomly using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Cumulative distribution functions are fitted to the simulated data, and define the probability of exceeding various engineering demand parameters (pier column curvature ductility, pile cap displacement, abutment displacement, etc.) conditioned on the maximum free-field lateral spreading ground surface displacement. Correlations among EDPs are presented to facilitate risk assessment based on a vector of EDPs. The derived fragility functions, combined with seismic hazard analysis, liquefaction potential, and lateral spreading estimation, are useful in the context of performance-based earthquake engineering and risk assessment of current bridge inventory in California.
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Lignos, Dimitrios G., Christopher Putman, and Helmut Krawinkler. "Application of Simplified Analysis Procedures for Performance-Based Earthquake Evaluation of Steel Special Moment Frames." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 4 (2015): 1949–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/081413eqs230m.
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This paper evaluates the effectiveness of single and multi-mode nonlinear static procedures (NSPs) as well as the FEMA P58 simplified approach versus rigorous nonlinear response history analyses (NRHA) for estimating seismic demands of steel special moment frames (SMFs). This work was mostly conducted within the framework of the ATC-76-6 project and indicates the level to which simplified analysis procedures in combination with commonly used nonlinear component models can reliably predict story-level engineering demand parameters (EDPs) such as, story drift ratios, story shear forces, overturning moments, residual deformations and peak floor absolute accelerations. It is advisable to employ a combination of NSP and NRHA to understand the seismic performance of steel SMFs and quantify important EDPs.
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Wang, Xiaowei, Abdollah Shafieezadeh, and Aijun Ye. "Optimal EDPs for Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment of Extended Pile-Shaft–Supported Bridges Subjected to Transverse Spreading." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 3 (2019): 1367–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/090417eqs171m.
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During earthquakes, extended pile-shaft–supported bridges in laterally spreading ground can undergo inelastic deformations, especially in their embedded portions. Following earthquakes, it is critical to assess damage to these difficult-to-inspect portions and determine whether vehicles can safely pass bridges. This paper aims to identify optimal aboveground engineering demand parameters (EDPs) that are readily measurable after earthquakes and have high-quality probabilistic associations with post-earthquake load-carrying capacity of bridges as well as underground difficult-to-inspect EDPs. For this purpose, an experimentally validated bridge-soil-foundation model considering liquefaction-induced lateral spreading is adopted and subjected to ground-motion time histories in the transverse direction. Subsequently, pushdown analyses are performed to assess the post-earthquake vertical load-carrying capacity of bridges. Metrics such as efficiency, practicality, and measurability are established and examined for EDPs. Results show that residual column drift ratio is the optimal EDP for load-carrying capacity assessments, whereas maximum column drift ratio best predicts pile demands. Furthermore, developed probabilistic relationships between residual and maximum column drift ratios will assist in preliminary post-earthquake evaluation of bridges for damage assessment and posting decisions.
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Sutliff, J. A., and M. R. Notis. "Electron diffraction analysis using a personal computer." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152240.
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The analysis of electron diffraction patterns (EDPs) by manual calculation is difficult in two important cases. The first is when there are many phases that must be included in the search for a pattern’s solution. The second is when, due to the structure of the phases being considered, many solutions for a pattern are possible. In these cases, it is very time consuming to ensure that all possible solutions are found and that the best solution is chosen. A computer can provide tremendous help for the EDP analyst in these situations. Through its ability to make rapid calculations and display data graphically, a computer can relieve the analyst of much of the work involved in a thorough electron diffraction analysis.In analyzing EDPs a standard procedure is adopted. The analyst first assembles a data base of phases that could be present in the sample being studied. Tables of interplanar spacings and interplanar angles are calculated from crystal structure data on each phase. The positions of spots on experimental patterns are then recorded and radii from the transmitted beam spot to diffracted beams’ spots are measured. Ratios of radii and angles between radii are tabulated.
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Park, Minji, David Reckhow, Michael Lavine, Erik Rosenfeldt, Ben Stanford, and Mi-Hyun Park. "Multivariate Analyses for Monitoring EDCs And PPCPs In Surface Water." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 19 (2013): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813667782.
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Tallaki, Mouhcine, and Enrico Bracci. "NPM reforms and institutional characteristics in developing countries." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (2019): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-01-2018-0010.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the institutional factors affecting the reform of public sector in Morocco. In particular, this study focuses on the adoption path of one such reform, in which Moroccan municipalities had to adopt economic and development plans (EDPs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper’s methodology adopts a qualitative approach. In particular, the paper adopts a mix of primary and secondary sources to analyze the historical development of the EDP reform in the Moroccan context, and the institutional factors involved in the implementation process. It contributes to the existing literature in two ways: it defines a tentative model that combines two approaches (new and old institutional theories); and it contextualizes the proposed model in the Moroccan context by examining the institutional process of implementing the reforms.FindingsThe reform that introduced EDPs in Morocco was the result of a collaboration between the Moroccan government and international donors. The introduction of EDPs was impeded by institutional features of Moroccan society. Therefore, the implementation of EDPs in Morocco did not change taken-for-granted ways of thinking, nor did it remove institutional restrictions and barriers. Municipalities were not affected by the modernizing effects of the reform. They are managed as traditional administrative structures, with very little capacity for organizational and management innovation.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the debate on the adequacy of new public management (NPM) in less developed countries (LDCs), and in particular with regards to the use of strategic plans in Moroccan municipalities. In doing so, the paper attempts to define a tentative framework that combines new institutional and old institutional theory. The framework proposed helps to explain how NPM in LDCs was diffused and how institutional characteristics could hamper or foster the implementation of NPM reform.
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Park, Minji, David Reckhow, Michael Lavine, Erik Rosenfeldt, Benjamin Stanford, and Mi-Hyun Park. "Multivariate Analyses for Monitoring EDCs and PPCPs in a Lake Water." Water Environment Research 86, no. 11 (2014): 2233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143014x14062131178592.
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Colomban, Philippe, Howell G. M. Edwards, and Charles Fountain. "Raman spectroscopic and SEM/EDXS analyses of high translucent Nantgarw porcelain." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 40, no. 13 (2020): 4664–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.04.031.
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KAHRAMAN, Cengiz, Mehdi KESHAVARZ GHORABAEE, Edmundas Kazimieras ZAVADSKAS, Sezi CEVIK ONAR, Morteza YAZDANI, and Basar OZTAYSI. "INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY EDAS METHOD: AN APPLICATION TO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE SELECTION." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 1 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1281139.
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Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) is a new multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method, which is based on the distances of alternatives from the average scores of attributes. Classical EDAS has been already extended by using ordinary fuzzy sets in case of vague and incomplete data. In this paper, we propose an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method, which is based on the data belonging to membership, nonmembership, and hesitance degrees. A sensitivity analysis is also given to show how robust decisions are obtained through the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS. The proposed intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method is applied to the evaluation of solid waste disposal site selection alternatives. The comparative and sensitivity analyses are also included.
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de Vasconcelos, Vanderley, Wellington Antonio Soares, Antônio Carlos Lopes da Costa, and Amanda Laureano Raso. "Use of Reliability Block Diagram and Fault Tree Techniques in Reliability Analysis of Emergency Diesel Generators of Nuclear Power Plants." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 4 (2019): 814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2019.4.4-064.
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Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are subjected to events such as equipment failures, human errors and common-cause failures, in an environment of complex maintenance, inspection and testing managements. These events will affect the reliability of safety-related systems, as well as the risk level of the plant. Reliability block diagram (RBD) is often used to analyze the effect of item failures on system availability, taking into account their physical arrangement in the system. Fault tree (FT) is a commonly used technique for analyzing risk and reliability in nuclear, aeronautical and chemical industries. It represents graphically the basic events that will cause an undesired top event. Loss of electrical power is one of the main events that influences safe operation of NPPs, as well as accident prevention and mitigation. In case of unavailability of offsite power, emergency diesel generators (EDGs) supply onsite electrical power. This paper carries out reliability analyses of EDGs of NPPs using both RBD and FT techniques. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, allowing a variety of qualitative and quantitative analyses. Outcomes using these two techniques are compared for a typical NPP EDG system.
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Huang, Yuhan, Rui Lin, and Xudong Chen. "AN ENHANCEMENT EDAS METHOD BASED ON PROSPECT THEORY." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 27, no. 5 (2021): 1019–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2021.15038.
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Decision-making is the process of carefully considering multiple options and choosing the best one. The EDAS (evaluation based on distance from average solution) method has been studied in many multi-attributes decision-making (MADM) problem which assumes decisionmaking under absolute rationality. However, people usually show the characteristics of bounded rationality in the real decision-making process. Prospect theory (PT) utilizes gains and losses relative to the reference point to explain this phenomenon better. In this paper, an enhancement EDAS method based on PT will be proposed, which shows better properties in practice. We apply the traditional EDAS method and enhancement EDAS method to the same case and we utilize the sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis to analyze their performances. The result shows that our approach has a superiority compared with the traditional EDAS method. The methods we present are of great significance for investment decision-making problems, new product development, design plan selection and supplier selection.
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Jin, Zhong Min, Wei Sha, Yan Fu Zhang, Jing Zhao, and Hongyang Ji. "Isolation of Burkholderia cepacia JB12 from lead- and cadmium-contaminated soil and its potential in promoting phytoremediation with tall fescue and red clover." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 7 (2013): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0650.
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Phytoremediation combined with suitable microorganisms and biodegradable chelating agents can be a means of reclaiming lands contaminated by toxic heavy metals. We investigated the ability of a lead- and cadmium-resistant bacterial strain (JB12) and the biodegradable chelator ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS) to improve absorption of these metals from soil by tall fescue and red clover. Strain JB12 was isolated from contaminated soil samples, analysed for lead and cadmium resistance, and identified as Burkholderia cepacia. Tall fescue and red clover were grown in pots to which we added JB12, (S,S)-EDDS, combined JB12 and EDDS, or water only. Compared with untreated plants, the biomass of plants treated with JB12 was significantly increased. Concentrations of lead and cadmium in JB12-treated plants increased significantly, with few exceptions. Plants treated with EDDS responded variably, but in those treated with combined EDDS and JB12, heavy metal concentrations increased significantly in tall fescue and in the aboveground parts of red clover. We conclude that JB12 is resistant to lead and cadmium. Its application to the soil improved the net uptake of these heavy metals by experimental plants. The potential for viable phytoremediation of lead- and cadmium-polluted soils with tall fescue and red clover combined with JB12 was further enhanced by the addition of EDDS.
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Detoni, JG. "Progress on electrodynamic passive magnetic bearings for rotor levitation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 10 (2013): 1829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213511798.
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Electrodynamic suspension exploits repulsive forces due to eddy currents to produce positive stiffness by passive means, without violating the Earnshaw stability criterion. Systems employing this principle to levitate a rotor radial and/or axial degrees of freedom are called electrodynamic bearings (EDBs). Since the eddy currents can be induced either by using alternating current supplied electromagnets or by the relative motion between a conductor and a constant magnetic field, the research on EDBs has developed many different configurations. The present paper reviews the literature on electrodynamic passive magnetic bearings to analyze the evolution of this technology toward completely passive, stable, rotor levitation, and to compare the EDBs performance with other common magnetic bearing technologies. Radial and axial EDB technologies are reviewed attempting to create an organized connection between the works and to discuss some critical issues that still preclude the use of EDBs in industrial applications.
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Kiriazidis, Theo. "The European deposit insurance game plan." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 11, no. 1 (2019): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-10-2017-0093.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the development of European Deposit Insurance (DI) and assess the recent development at the EU level to establish a European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) in the context of a more integrated financial framework: the Banking Union (BU). Design/methodology/approach The author uses literature review and empirical evidence to analyze the dynamic interaction among European governments in an effort to attract aggressive deposits with severe repercussion for financial stability. Findings The paper argues that a liquidity providing EDIS would render regulatory subsidy and rent-seeking behavior persisting by allowing national policies to be pursued with considerable discretionary power and in the context of increasing competition for deposits. This would run contrary to the BU objectives and constitute a major failure of the program. Practical implications The findings of the study can be helpful in understanding the DI policies pursued by European governments and their implications. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the interactions among European governments in pursuing DI policies and assesses the implications of EDIS.
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Zaid, Harras B., David Yang, Matthew K. Tollefson, et al. "Safety and efficacy of extended-duration thromboembolic prophylaxis following radical cystectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (2016): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.389.
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389 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been reported in approximately 5-7% of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). While extended-duration pharmacologic prophylaxis (EDPP) has been investigated following surgery for a variety of malignancies, limited data exist in bladder cancer. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of EDPP after RC. Methods: We instituted a change in our clinical practice beginning in May 2014 such that patients undergoing RC were prescribed 30 days of enoxaparin at discharge. We recorded symptomatic VTE and lymphocele rates within 30 days of RC among patients treated from 5/14-6/15, and compared these outcomes to the cohort of all patients who underwent RC at our institution in the year prior to EDPP implementation. Patients in both groups received subcutaneous unfractionated heparin and mechanical prophylaxis during hospitalization. Patients with a history of VTE prior to surgery (n = 24) were excluded from study. Unadjusted descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were performed using the Pearson or Fisher chi-square test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. Results: In total, 58 patients who received EDPP and 82 patients who had not received EDPP after RC were included for analysis. Baseline clinicopathologic demographics were similar between the cohorts. We found that only 1 patient (1.9%) discharged with EDPP was diagnosed with a VTE within 30 days of RC, compared to 5 (6.1%) who had not received EDPP. Mean time to VTE was 18.0 days after RC (range 9-28 days). Events consisted of DVT alone (n = 2), DVT and PE (n = 2), and PE alone (n = 2). The odds ratio for VTE in the absence of EDPP was 3.31 (95% CI 0.38, 29.2). Overall, 3 patients developed a symptomatic lymphocele within 30 days of RC: 1 (1.9%) who received EDPP and 2 (2.4%) who had not (p = 0.84). No patient in either cohort was rehospitalized for bleeding complications. Conclusions: Our initial experience suggests that EDPP was associated with a lower rate of VTE following RC, and does not increase the risks of bleeding or symptomatic lymphocele. Future evaluation in a larger-scale prospective clinical trial setting is needed to confirm the benefit of EDPP in RC patients.
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Terrón-González, Laura, Guadalupe Martín-Cabello, Manuel Ferrer, and Eduardo Santero. "Functional Metagenomics of a Biostimulated Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Reveals an Extraordinary Diversity of Extradiol Dioxygenases." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 8 (2016): 2467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03811-15.
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ABSTRACTA metagenomic library of a petroleum-contaminated soil was constructed in a fosmid vector that allowed heterologous expression of metagenomic DNA. The library, consisting of 6.5 Gb of metagenomic DNA, was screened for extradiol dioxygenase (Edo) activity using catechol and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl as the substrates. Fifty-eight independent clones encoding extradiol dioxygenase activity were identified. Forty-one different Edo-encoding genes were identified. The population of Edo genes was not dominated by a particular gene or by highly similar genes; rather, the genes had an even distribution and high diversity. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that most of the genes could not be ascribed to previously defined subfamilies of Edos. Rather, the Edo genes led to the definition of 10 new subfamilies of type I Edos. Phylogenetic analysis of type II enzymes defined 7 families, 2 of which harbored the type II Edos that were found in this work. Particularly striking was the diversity found in family I.3 Edos; 15 out of the 17 sequences assigned to this family belonged to 7 newly defined subfamilies. A strong bias was found that depended on the substrate used for the screening: catechol mainly led to the detection of Edos belonging to the I.2 family, while 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl led to the detection of most other Edos. Members of the I.2 family showed a clear substrate preference for monocyclic substrates, while those from the I.3 family showed a broader substrate range and high activity toward 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. This metagenomic analysis has substantially increased our knowledge of the existing biodiversity of Edos.
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Zhang, Hong-Chang, Ting Xu, Xia-lin Hu, Wei-hai Pang, and Da-Qiang Yin. "The distributions, removals and estrogenic effects of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in two drinking water factories in China." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 1 (2012): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.121.
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The distributions and effects of 31 selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in two drinking water factories were analyzed in this study. The distributions of EDCs were analyzed by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of these EDCs were from lower than the LOD (limit of detection) to 23.13 ng L − 1 in the samples; most of them were lower than 1 ng L − 1. The highest concentration (23.13 ± 1.45 ng L − 1) was detected in the raw water. Twenty-six chemicals were found in the raw water and only five in the finished water of drinking water factory A, while 25 chemicals were detected in the raw water and two in the finished water of drinking water factory B. The results indicate that most of the EDCs can be removed by the water treatment process. In the advanced treatment process, the ozonation processes have the highest removal efficiency. Separate analyses in May and September show similar results. Apart from the chemical analysis, yeast strain transformed when the estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene was employed to test the estrogenic effects of the water samples. Due to the low concentrations of these EDCs, no significant estrogenic effects were found from the samples.
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Sadusky, Andrea, Nerelie C. Freeman, Kate E. Jacobs, and Andrea E. Reupert. "Preservice Psychology Training About (Specific) Learning Differences." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 35, no. 2 (2018): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2018.7.
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What Australian psychologists currently learn about specific learning disorders (SLDs) through postgraduate-level training is not clear. Accordingly, the current Australia-wide study analysed 800 postgraduate psychology unit handbook entries to identify which courses teach about SLD and what they teach in this area. Only 2.38% of the identified units explicitly indicated SLD-related content, with 0.38% solely dedicated to SLD content. Descriptive analyses revealed differences in labels used for SLD. Thematic analyses identified five areas of knowledge and skills across SLD units including assessment, intervention, theory and empirical evidence, developmental and cultural awareness and sensitivity, and interpersonal communication. The present findings can inform future refinements to university-level psychology programs across Australia by highlighting the gaps and needs in psychology training.
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Stel, Jente, and Juliette Legler. "The Role of Epigenetics in the Latent Effects of Early Life Exposure to Obesogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals." Endocrinology 156, no. 10 (2015): 3466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1434.
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Recent research supports a role for exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the global obesity epidemic. Obesogenic EDCs have the potential to inappropriately stimulate adipogenesis and fat storage, influence metabolism and energy balance and increase susceptibility to obesity. Developmental exposure to obesogenic EDCs is proposed to interfere with epigenetic programming of gene regulation, partly by activation of nuclear receptors, thereby influencing the risk of obesity later in life. The goal of this minireview is to briefly describe the epigenetic mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity and to evaluate the evidence of a mechanistic link between altered epigenetic gene regulation by early life EDC exposure and latent onset of obesity. We summarize the results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and transgenerational studies, which clearly show that the obesogenic effects of EDCs such as tributyltin, brominated diphenyl ether 47, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are mediated by the activation and associated altered methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, the master regulator of adipogenesis, or its target genes. Importantly, studies are emerging that assess the effects of EDCs on the interplay between DNA methylation and histone modifications in altered chromatin structure. These types of studies coupled with genome-wide rather than gene-specific analyses are needed to improve mechanistic understanding of epigenetic changes by EDC exposure. Current advances in the field of epigenomics have led to the first potential epigenetic markers for obesity that can be detected at birth, providing an important basis to determine the effects of developmental exposure to obesogenic EDCs in humans.
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Gonzalez, Nestor R., Joshua R. Dusick, Mark Connolly, et al. "Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for adult intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease: long-term single-center experience with 107 operations." Journal of Neurosurgery 123, no. 3 (2015): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns141426.
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OBJECT Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is a form of revascularization that has shown promising early results in the treatment of adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) and more recently in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (ICASD). Herein the authors present the long-term results of a single-center experience with EDAS for adult MMD and ICASD. METHODS Patients with ischemic symptoms despite intensive medical therapy were considered for EDAS. All patients undergoing EDAS were included. Clinical data, including recurrence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and/or stroke, functional status, and death, were collected from a retrospective data set and a prospective cohort. Perren revascularization and American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) collateral grades were recorded from angiograms. RESULTS A total of 107 EDAS procedures were performed in 82 adults (36 with ICASD and 46 with MMD). During a median follow-up of 22 months, 2 (2.4%) patients had strokes; both patients were in the ICASD group. TIA-free survival and stroke-free survival analyses were performed using the product limit estimator (Kaplan-Meier) method. The probability of stroke-free survival at 2 years in the ICASD group was 94.3% (95% CI 80%–98.6%). No patient in the MMD group suffered a stroke. The probability of TIA-free survival at 2 years was 89.4% (95% CI 74.7%–96%) in ICASD and 99.7% (95% CI 87.5%–99.9%) in MMD. There were no hemorrhages or stroke-related deaths. Angiograms in 85.7% of ICASD and 92% of MMD patients demonstrated Perren Grade 3 and improvement in ASITN/SIR grade in all cases. CONCLUSIONS EDAS is well tolerated in adults with MMD and ICASD and improves collateral circulation to territories at risk. The rates of stroke after EDAS are lower than those reported with other treatments, including intensive medical therapy in patients with ICASD.
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Vinge, Ellen, Eva Marie T. Erfurth, and Stefan Lundin. "Effects of adrenal function tests on the levels of endogenous digitalis-like substances and some pituitary hormones." Acta Endocrinologica 128, no. 1 (1993): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1280029.
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In order to study the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis on the levels of endogenous digitalis-like substances (EDLS) in plasma and urine, eight healthy subjects (25–40 years old) were given dexamethasone 1 mg orally and tetracosactide (an ACTH analog) 0.25 mg iv, on separate occasions. The circulating levels of EDLS, TSH, PRL and AVP following administration of either test drug, and under control conditions, were measured by a RIA for digoxin and specific RIAs for each hormone. Plasma cortisol was measured by liquid chromatography. The area under the curve (AUC) of hormone levels between 08.00 and 09.30 was used for data comparisons. Urine was collected before and after each test dose, and analysed for cortisol levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and for digitalis-like activity both by RIA and by a bioassay measuring 86Rb-uptake into red blood cells. Dexamethasone suppressed the AUC of plasma and urine levels of cortisol (p=0.0001 and p<0.01, respectively) and immunoreactive EDLS (p=0.0007 and p<0.01), as well as serum levels of TSH (p=0.0002) and PRL (p=0.001), but did not alter AVP levels. The biological digitalis-like activity in the urine measured by the 86Rb-uptake assay was decreased, but not to a statistically significant degree. ACTH increased the levels of cortisol in plasma (p=0.0001) and urine (p<0.01) and the immunoreactive EDLS in plasma (p = 0.03), but not in urine. There were no effects of ACTH on TSH, PRL or AVP. There are alternative explanations for the discrepancy between the effects on EDLS levels in plasma and urine: methodological difficulties in quantitating EDLS, the doses of dexamethasone and ACTH used for the adrenal function tests, and that other hypothalamic or pituitary factors than ACTH may contribute to a significant degree in the regulation of EDLS levels. Taken together, the results of the present study support the hypothesis that EDLS is of adrenal origin, rather than hypothalamic or pituitary.
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Folić, Radomir, and Miloš Čokić. "Fragility and Vulnerability Analysis of an RC Building with the Application of Nonlinear Analysis." Buildings 11, no. 9 (2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090390.
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In this paper, the seismic response of a five-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame system building is analysed through fragility analysis. The structure is designed in accordance with structural Eurocodes EN1990, EN1991, EN1992 and EN1998, as a high-ductility (DCH) system. For the analysis of the response of a structural system to earthquake actions, the methods of nonlinear static (NSA) and nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDA) are applied and, based on the obtained results, fragility curves are constructed using statistical methods. A relationship between the intensity measure (IM) and engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is needed in order to estimate a fragility curve. Fragility functions represent a possibility for different states of damage to occur in a certain structural systems at the observed value of the specified IM. Ten accelerograms, used in NDA, are selected and scaled, according to EN1998 provisions, for the chosen elastic response spectrum and referent PGA. Obtained results are used for the statistical analysis and construction of fragility curves. Structural damage state threshold parameters are determined based on the Park and Ang modified damage index methodology and provisions given in FEMA, HAZUS, VISION 2000 and EN codes. Comparative analysis of the structural damage probability for the analysed RC building, calculated using different methodologies to determine damage states, is applied. The fragility analysis results showed the difference between the probabilities of the damage states to occur when different calculation methods are used. This reflects on the assessment of vulnerability curves as well. The obtained results, calculated using different methods, are analysed using comparative analysis.
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Liang, Yuan. "An EDAS Method for Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment and Its Application for Evaluating Green Building Energy-Saving Design Projects." Symmetry 12, no. 3 (2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030484.
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Multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) methods have a significant influence on decision-making in a variety of strategic fields, including science, business and real-life studies. The problem of evaluation in green building energy-saving design projects could be regarded as a type of MAGDM problem. The evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method is one of the MAGDM methods, which simplifies the traditional decision-making process. Symmetry among some attributes that are known and unknown as well as between pure attribute sets and fuzzy attribute membership sets can be an effective way to solve MAGDM problems. In this paper, the classical EDAS method is extended to intuitionistic fuzzy environments to solve some MAGDM issues. First, some concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are briefly reviewed. Then, by integrating the EDAS method with IFSs, we establish an IF-EDAS method to solve the MAGDM issues and present all calculating procedures in detail. Finally, we provide an empirical application for evaluating green building energy-saving design projects to demonstrate this novel method. Some comparative analyses are also made to show the merits of the method.
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Furtado, CM, and C. von Mühlen. "Endocrine disruptors in water filters used in the Rio dos Sinos Basin region, Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 2 suppl (2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.0613.
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<p>The activated carbon filter is used in residences as another step in the treatment of drinking water, based on a physical-chemical process to absorb pollutants that are not removed in conventional treatment. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures of substances that acts on the endocrine system similarly to the endogenously produced hormones, triggering malfunctions and harmful changes to human and animal health. The objective of the present work was to study EDCs through semi-quantitative analysis of residential water filters collected in the region of Rio dos Sinos basin, focusing on two specific classes: hormones and phenols. The solid phase extraction principle was used for the extraction of compounds and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the separation and characterization of EDCs. Four samples of residential filters collected from public water distribution and artesian wells, from the cities of Novo Hamburgo and São Leopoldo were analysed. Using the developed methodology, it was possible to detect and comparatively quantify selected EDCs in all studied samples, which indicates the presence of these contaminants in drinking water from different sources.</p>
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Li, Shihui, and Bo Wang. "Research on Evaluating Algorithms for the Service Quality of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy EDAS and CRITIC Methods." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5391940.
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Wireless sensor networks play an important role in economic production and social life. However, in recent years, the number of wireless sensor network vulnerabilities has been increasing rapidly, which makes wireless sensor networks face more and more severe challenges. It is of great significance to realize the quantitative evaluation of wireless sensor networks in order to maintain the service quality of wireless sensor networks more effectively. The evaluating problem of the service quality of wireless sensor networks is a kind of multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem. In this paper, depending on the classical EDAS method, the EDAS method will be extended to interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs) to address some MAGDM issues. At first, some essential concepts of IVIFSs are briefly reviewed. Subsequently, relying on the CRITIC method, the attributes’ weights are decided. Furthermore, integrating the EDAS method with IVIFSs, IVIF-EDAS method is established, and all calculating procedures are depicted. Finally, an empirical application for evaluating the service quality of wireless sensor networks is given to demonstrate this novel algorithm, and some comparative analyses are made to confirm the merits of the designed method.
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Mattei, Silvana, Marco Fasan, and Chiara Bedon. "On the Use of Cloud Analysis for Structural Glass Members under Seismic Events." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169291.
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Current standards for seismic-resistant buildings provide recommendations for various structural systems, but no specific provisions are given for structural glass. As such, the seismic design of joints and members could result in improper sizing and non-efficient solutions, or even non-efficient calculation procedures. An open issue is represented by the lack of reliable and generalized performance limit indicators (or “engineering demand parameters”, EDPs) for glass structures, which represent the basic input for seismic analyses or q-factor estimates. In this paper, special care is given to the q-factor assessment for glass frames under in-plane seismic loads. Major advantage is taken from efficient finite element (FE) numerical simulations to support the local/global analysis of mechanical behaviors. From extensive non-linear dynamic parametric calculations, numerical outcomes are discussed based on three different approaches that are deeply consolidated for ordinary structural systems. Among others, the cloud analysis is characterized by high computational efficiency, but requires the definition of specific EDPs, as well as the choice of reliable input seismic signals. In this regard, a comparative parametric study is carried out with the support of the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) approach for the herein called “dynamic” (M1) and “mixed” (M2) procedures, towards the linear regression of cloud analysis data (M3). Potential and limits of selected calculation methods are hence discussed, with a focus on sample size, computational cost, estimated mechanical phenomena, and predicted q-factor estimates for a case study glass frame.
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Oreshina, M., and A. Badina. "Scientific aspects of information exchange in electronic document management systems." E-Management 3, no. 2 (2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-2-55-62.
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The regularities showing the development of information exchange in the virtual space have been examined, electronic document management in the organization using information systems has been considered. It has been shown that the intellectualization of information systems is based on a powerful mathematical apparatus that provides work with texts by computer programs, based on the creation of models that include patterns necessary for the design of modern information search systems, as well as systems for automatic classification and analysis of texts.A document flow model based on a number of mathematical regularities, numerical methods of multivariate integration, the theory of mixed Queuing networks has been proposed. This model allows you to evaluate the multivariate integration of devices of electronic document management systems (EDMS), contributes to the formation of statistical data on document processing, provides with minimal time costs the formation of information flows in electronic document management systems, has a convenient user interface for object interaction programs. This model, based on the definition of a set of options for data transmission channels, a set of options for data collection equipment EDMS, a set of options for data processing equipment, a set of end devices of the EDMS communication environment, allows you to analyse the functionality of electronic document management systems.The proposed EDMS model shows that a number of functions of complex document management in an organization can be automated and optimized based on mathematical methods, which will reduce the time of document preparation, its routing and processing. Document management of the organization, using this EDMS, ensures optimization of information flows in the organization, contributes to the formation of important management decisions, taking into account all risk factors.
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Bertanza, G., M. Papa, R. Pedrazzani, C. Repice, and M. Dal Grande. "Tertiary ozonation of industrial wastewater for the removal of estrogenic compounds (NP and BPA): a full-scale case study." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 3 (2013): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.282.
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Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are considered to be a major source for the release in the aquatic environment of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Ozone has proved to be a suitable solution for polishing secondary domestic effluents. In this work, the performance of a full-scale ozonation plant was investigated in order to assess the removal efficiency of four target EDCs: nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, nonylphenol diethoxylate and bisphenol A. The studied system was the tertiary treatment stage of a municipal WWTP which receives an important industrial (textile) load. Chemical analyses showed that the considered substances occurred with a significant variability, typical of real wastewaters; based on this, ozonation performance was carefully evaluated and it appeared to be negatively affected by flow-rate increase (during rainy days, with consequent contact time reduction). Moreover, EDCs' measured removal efficiency was lower than what could be predicted based on literature data, because of the relatively high residual content of biorefractory compounds still present after biological treatment.
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Park, M. J., and M. H. Park. "Spatial analysis for identifying hotspots of EDC and PPCP sources for monitoring systems." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 8 (2013): 1657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.612.
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This study utilized spatial analysis to identify hotspots for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs) using data from potential sources including wastewater treatment plants, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)-permitted pollution sources, septic systems, and agricultural and grazing areas. The study area is Lake Mead, to which the return of treated effluent is one of the largest water reuse practices in the USA. Based on Getis-Ord's Gi* statistic, clusters of pollution sources were identified based on the values of each feature and its neighboring features. Spatial analysis was applied to evaluate the impact from point and nonpoint source pollution. The results of spatial statistical analyses were used to evaluate the existing sampling locations in Las Vegas Wash. The results indicated that sampling locations with highest concentrations of EDCs/PPCPs were close to the outlets of subbasins with high susceptibility to EDCs/PPCPs, which confirms the suitability of sampling locations.
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Jin, Xiaowei, Reinhard Schneider, Dimitrios Hariskos, et al. "Improved quantitative chemical analyses of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells performed by STEM/EDXS." Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, S1 (2021): 2060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621007467.
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Vázquez, J., E. Lacarra, J. Morán, M. A. Sánchez, A. González, and J. Bruzual. "EDAS (EGNOS Data Access Service) Differential GNSS Corrections: A Reliable Free-of-Charge Alternative for Precision Farming in Europe." Annual of Navigation 26, no. 1 (2019): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2019-0005.
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Abstract EDAS (EGNOS Data Access Service) is the EGNOS internet broadcast service, which provides free of charge access to the data collected and generated by the EGNOS infrastructure. EDAS disseminates over the Internet, both in real time and via an FTP archive, the raw data of the GPS, GLONASS (no commitment on GLONASS data is provided (1)) and EGNOS GEO satellites collected by the receivers located at the EGNOS reference stations, which are mainly distributed over Europe and North Africa. The EDAS services offer several types of GNSS data in various protocols and formats, such as DGNSS corrections. This paper reports on the results of some in-field tests conducted by ESSP and Topcon Agriculture to confirm the suitability of EDAS DGNSS corrections for precision farming in Europe. The European Commission (EC) is the owner of EGNOS system (including EDAS) and has delegated the exploitation of EGNOS to the European GNSS Agency (GSA). EDAS service provision is performed by ESSP, as EGNOS Services Provider, under contract with the GSA, the EGNOS program manager. In the ENC 2018 article “EDAS (EGNOS Data Access Service): Differential GPS corrections performance test with state-of-the-art precision agriculture system”, ESSP and Topcon Agriculture presented the results of the first in-field test conducted in a dynamic and real-life environment in the summer of 2017. The test results indicated that the EDAS DGNSS corrections could enable a reliable pass-to-pass accuracy performance for a wide range of precision agriculture applications and become an attractive solution for cereal farms, when the farm is located in the vicinity of an EGNOS reference station. In particular, Topcon Agriculture acknowledged that the observed performance was sufficient to support the following precision agriculture applications: spraying and spreading of any crop type, tilling and harvesting of cereal. Then, ESSP and Topcon Agriculture engaged in additional testing activities to further characterise the EDAS DGPS performance in different scenarios (i.e. at various European locations and with a variety of distances between the designated farm and the target EGNOS reference station). In each test, multiple runs with the rover tractors have been performed over the reference patterns predefined in the Topcon guidance systems. Data recorded during the tests has been analysed in detail, looking at the key performance indicators (e.g. cross track error and pass-to-pass performance) that characterize the EDAS DGPS performance for precision agriculture applications. Different techniques for the computation of the pass-to-pass accuracy performance have been used, including a procedure to measure live in the field and a post-processing alternative. The diversity of scenarios available allows drawing conclusions on the applicability of EDAS DGPS corrections (in terms of maximum distance from the target EGNOS station) for precision agriculture and also understanding the impact of operationally relevant aspects such as the quality of the mobile internet coverage (highly variable across Europe). The EDAS system and its architecture, the main types of data disseminated through EDAS services and the online information available to the EDAS users are introduced in this paper. In particular, the EDAS Ntrip service is described in detail, since it provides the differential corrections to the GPS and GLONASS satellites at the EGNOS reference stations in RTCM format, which are the basis for the present study. The article also reports on the results of the latest tests, which have been performed using Topcon receivers, vehicles and auto-steering systems. In all cases, two different Topcon guidance systems on board tractors were running simultaneously to assess the EDAS DGPS positioning performance with respect to a the reference provided by a top-performing RTK-based Topcon solution. The objective of this paper is to draw conclusions on the use of EDAS DGPS corrections as a reliable free-of-charge alternative for precision farming in Europe (especially for cereal farms), based on the available performance results from the testing campaign and the feedback from the involved precision agriculture experts.
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Soler-Llavina, Sheila M., and Jorge R. Ortiz-Zayas. "Emergent contaminants in the wastewater effluents of two highly populated tropical cities." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 6 (2017): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.047.
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Abstract Exposure to the anthropogenic chemicals known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) may result in negative biological effects. Low levels of EDCs in the environment aggravate the problem as exposure is constant. Urban areas concentrate pollution as greater volumes are released from human activities. Water for public supply is particularly vulnerable as the sewage treatment facilities may not eliminate EDCs. The goal was to assess estrogenicity and effectiveness of removal of phthalates in primary and tertiary wastewater treatment facilities in urban cities in the tropical island of Puerto Rico. A yeast bioassay used to measure estrogenicity showed higher removal with tertiary treatment. However, results in the picomolar range suggest low doses of estrogenic compounds were being released to receiving waters. For the phthalates, solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed removals ranging from 42.9% to 92.4% with tertiary treatment. More than 90% removal was achieved for benzylbutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. However, concentrations ranging from 0.86 to 1.29 ppm for the phthalates in the outflow were detected even at the tertiary waste water treatment plant effluent implying failure of EDC removal. These results can assist managers in evaluating pollution control technologies to ameliorate the impacts of EDCs in the tropics.
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Fénichel, Patrick, and Nicolas Chevalier. "Is Testicular Germ Cell Cancer Estrogen Dependent? The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals." Endocrinology 160, no. 12 (2019): 2981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00486.
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Abstract Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is the most frequent cancer of the young male, with an increasing incidence worldwide. The pathogenesis and reasons for this increase remain unknown. However, epidemiological and experimental data have suggested that, similar to genital malformations and sperm impairment, it could result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors including fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with estrogenic effects. In this review, we analyze the expression of classic and nonclassic estrogen receptors by TGCC cells, the way they may influence germ cell proliferation induced by EDCs, and discuss how this estrogen dependency supports the developmental and environmental hypothesis.
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Felton, Rachel G., Cynthia C. Steiner, Barbara S. Durrant, Duane H. Keisler, Matthew R. Milnes, and Christopher W. Tubbs. "Identification of California Condor Estrogen Receptors 1 and 2 and Their Activation by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals." Endocrinology 156, no. 12 (2015): 4448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1448.
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Recently, California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) have been reintroduced to coastal regions of California where they feed on marine mammal carcasses. There is evidence that coastal-dwelling condors experience reproductive issues, such as eggshell thinning, likely resulting from exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To address this problem, we have identified and cloned condor estrogen receptors (ESRs) 1 and 2 and characterized their activation by EDCs present in the coastal habitats where condors reside. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites all activated ESR1 and ESR2, although their relative potency differed between the receptors. Bisphenol A, dieldrin, trans-nonachlor, and polychlorinated biphenyl 52 (PCB52) moderately activated both ESRs, whereas PCB138 and PCB153 stimulated little to no activation. Overall, EDC activation of condor ESR2, which is the first ESR2 cloned from a raptor species, was greater than that of ESR1. Significant activation of both condor ESRs by EDCs occurred at high concentrations (≥1μM), which are within the range of plasma levels of certain EDCs (eg, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p'p-DDE]) in coastal-dwelling condors. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of ESRs of 41 avian species identified a single amino acid position in ESR2 under positive selection. Mutation of this amino acid affected receptor activation by EDCs, suggesting the identity of this amino acid may influence EDC sensitivity of avian species. Together, these findings broaden our understanding of EDC interactions with ESRs in avian species. For condors specifically, these data could be used to evaluate EDC exposure risk at future release sites to identify those least likely to compromise the continued recovery of this species.
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Vandenberg, Laura N., Theo Colborn, Tyrone B. Hayes, et al. "Hormones and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses." Endocrine Reviews 33, no. 3 (2012): 378–455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2011-1050.
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For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, in particular the dogma of “the dose makes the poison,” because EDCs can have effects at low doses that are not predicted by effects at higher doses. Here, we review two major concepts in EDC studies: low dose and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose effects were defined by the National Toxicology Program as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from the EDC literature. Additionally, we explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, defined as a nonlinear relationship between dose and effect where the slope of the curve changes sign somewhere within the range of doses examined. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms responsible for generating these phenomena, plus hundreds of examples from the cell culture, animal, and epidemiology literature. We illustrate that nonmonotonic responses and low-dose effects are remarkably common in studies of natural hormones and EDCs. Whether low doses of EDCs influence certain human disorders is no longer conjecture, because epidemiological studies show that environmental exposures to EDCs are associated with human diseases and disabilities. We conclude that when nonmonotonic dose-response curves occur, the effects of low doses cannot be predicted by the effects observed at high doses. Thus, fundamental changes in chemical testing and safety determination are needed to protect human health.
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Singh, SK, NV Kakani, BK Ojha, A. Chandra, C. Srivastava, and Manish Jaiswal. "The Hidden Hematoma of the Head: Analysis of Vertex EDHs and their Outcome." International Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery 11, no. 3 (2019): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijnns.0975.0223.11319.6.
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Oortwijn, Wija, Sanne van Oosterhout, and Lydia Kapiriri. "Application of evidence-informed deliberative processes in health technology assessment in low- and middle-income countries." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 4 (2020): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320000549.
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ObjectivesEvidence-informed deliberative processes (EDPs) were introduced to guide health technology assessment (HTA) agencies to improve their processes toward more legitimate decision making. A survey among members of the International Network of Agencies for HTA (INAHTA) showed that EDPs can also be relevant for countries that have not (yet) established such an agency. Therefore, we explored to what extent low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) applied the steps and elements stipulated in the EDP framework and their need for guidance.MethodsThe survey among INAHTA members was slightly adapted to address LMIC context and sent to 416 experts identified through several HTA sources. The questions focused on contextual factors and the EDP steps (installation of an appraisal committee, selecting technologies and criteria, assessment, appraisal, communication and appeal). Data collection took place between 21 May and 1 September 2019. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses were used to summarize the findings.ResultsWe received sixty-six meaningful responses from experts in thirty-two LMIC. We found that contextual factors to support HTA development are overall not present or only present to some extent. Respondents indicated that guidance was needed for specific elements related to selecting technologies and criteria, assessment, appraisal, as well as communication and appeal.ConclusionsEDPs have the potential to provide steps for improving HTA processes. The results of this study can serve as a baseline measurement for future monitoring and evaluation of EDP application in the responding LMIC. This could support the countries in improving their processes and enhancing legitimate decision making when using HTA.
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Mattei, Silvana, and Chiara Bedon. "Analytical Fragility Curves for Seismic Design of Glass Systems Based on Cloud Analysis." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081541.
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Given the growing spread of glass as a construction material, the knowledge of structural response must be ensured, especially under dynamic accidental loads. In this regard, an increasingly popular method to probabilistically characterize the seismic response of a given structure is based on the use of “fragility” or “seismic vulnerability” curves. Most existing applications, however, typically refer to construction and structural members composed of traditional building materials. The present study extends and adapts such a calculation method to innovative structural glass systems, which are characterized by specific material properties and expected damage mechanisms, restraint details, and dynamic features. Suitable Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) for seismic design are thus required. In this paper, a major advantage is represented by the use of Cloud Analysis in the Cornell’s reliability method, for the seismic assessment of two different case-study glass systems. Cloud Analysis is known to represent a simple and immediate tool to analytically investigate a given (glass) structure by taking into account variations in seismic motions and uncertainties of structural parameters. Such a method is exploited by means of detailed three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) numerical models and non-linear dynamic analyses (ABAQUS/Standard). Critical issues and typical failure mechanisms for in-plane seismically loaded glass systems are discussed. The validity of reference EDPs are addressed for the examined solutions. Based on a broad seismic investigation (60 records in total), fragility curves are developed from parametric results, so as to support a multi-hazard performance-based design (PBD) procedure.
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Nguyen, Duy-Duan, Tae-Hyung Lee, and Van-Tien Phan. "Optimal Earthquake Intensity Measures for Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models of Base-Isolated Nuclear Power Plant Structures." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165163.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimal earthquake intensity measures (IMs) for probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) of the base-isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) structures. The numerical model of NPP structures is developed using a lumped-mass stick model, in which a bilinear model is employed to simulate the force-displacement relations of base isolators. In this study, 20 different IMs are considered and 90 ground motion records are used to perform time-history analyses. The seismic engineering demand parameters (EDPs) are monitored in terms of maximum floor displacement (MFD), the maximum floor acceleration (MFA) of the structures, and maximum isolator displacement (MID). As a result, a set of PSDMs of the base-isolated structure is developed based on three EDPs (i.e., MFD, MFA, and MID) associated with 20 IMs. Four statistical parameters including the coefficient of determination, efficiency (i.e., standard deviation), practicality, and proficiency are then calculated to evaluate optimal IMs for seismic performances of the isolated NPP structures. The results reveal that the optimal IMs for PSDMs with respect to MFD and MID are velocity spectrum intensity, Housner intensity, peak ground velocity, and spectral velocity at the fundamental period. Meanwhile, peak ground acceleration, acceleration spectrum intensity, A95, effective peak acceleration, and sustained maximum acceleration are efficient IMs for PSDMs with respect to MFA of the base-isolated structures. On the other hand, cumulative absolute velocity is not recommended for determining the exceedance of the operating basis earthquake of base-isolated NPP structures.
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Pandey, Pratima, Narges Sadat Shamabadi, Ewen McLean, and Omar Bagasra. "Gender-Dependent Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha [RORA] and Aromatase Genes on Human Progenitor Neurons." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 02, no. 02 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2102009.
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Normally we encounter a myriad of chemicals in our daily lives. Endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] are ubiquitous in our environment and upon bodily entry many be stored in adipose tissue and, in pregnant woman, can reach the developing fetal brain, disrupting normal fetal brain development. EDC-induced aberrant levels of sex hormones can alter sexual dimorphism [i.e. degree of feminization or masculinization; sex differences in brain and behavior] and may contribute to the differential susceptibility of males and females to autism. Fetal development is guarded by the placenta which expresses high levels of aromatase, an enzyme that converts testosterone [T] to estrogen [E], and it appears that this process prevents the transfer of maternal T to the vulnerable developing fetus. Many investigators have shown a clear association between exposure to high levels of T during the prenatal and early postnatal periods, and development of autism spectrum disorder [ASD]. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha [RORA] is a transcription factor that regulates aromatase. We analyzed the effects of six commonly encountered EDCs on human progenitor neurons from both genders and evaluated the differential expression of both aromatase and RORA by real-time PCR using an in vitro approach. We also evaluated the effects of the EDCs on neurite formation. Male and female human neuroblastoma cell lines were used to evaluate the effects of EDCs on neurite formation and the expression of RORA and CYP19A1. The morphologic analyses showed significant neuromodifications in neurite formation and a significant differential downregulation of RORA in male, but not in female neurons. Dysregulation in CYP19A1 was not gender-associated but was dependent on the dose of EDCs. Our findings confirm previous reports of differential downregulation of RORA in male neurons while expanding the gene-environment connection where estrogenic or androgenic EDCs can profoundly dysregulate RORA and aromatase gene expression, leading to a cascade of a highly integrated gene-network, associated with ASD.
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Bloom, A. A., and M. Williams. "Constraining ecosystem carbon dynamics in a data-limited world: integrating ecological "common sense" in a model–data fusion framework." Biogeosciences 12, no. 5 (2015): 1299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1299-2015.
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Abstract. Many of the key processes represented in global terrestrial carbon models remain largely unconstrained. For instance, plant allocation patterns and residence times of carbon pools are poorly known globally, except perhaps at a few intensively studied sites. As a consequence of data scarcity, carbon models tend to be underdetermined, and so can produce similar net fluxes with very different parameters and internal dynamics. To address these problems, we propose a series of ecological and dynamic constraints (EDCs) on model parameters and initial conditions, as a means to constrain ecosystem variable inter-dependencies in the absence of local data. The EDCs consist of a range of conditions on (a) carbon pool turnover and allocation ratios, (b) steady-state proximity, and (c) growth and decay of model carbon pools. We use a simple ecosystem carbon model in a model–data fusion framework to determine the added value of these constraints in a data-poor context. Based only on leaf area index (LAI) time series and soil carbon data, we estimate net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for (a) 40 synthetic experiments and (b) three AmeriFlux tower sites. For the synthetic experiments, we show that EDCs lead to an overall 34% relative error reduction in model parameters, and a 65% reduction in the 3 yr NEE 90% confidence range. In the application at AmeriFlux sites all NEE estimates were made independently of NEE measurements. Compared to these observations, EDCs resulted in a 69–93% reduction in 3 yr cumulative NEE median biases (–0.26 to +0.08 kg C m−2), in comparison to standard 3 yr median NEE biases (–1.17 to −0.84 kg C m−2). In light of these findings, we advocate the use of EDCs in future model–data fusion analyses of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Bloom, A. A., and M. Williams. "Constraining ecosystem carbon dynamics in a data-limited world: integrating ecological "common sense" in a model-data-fusion framework." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (2014): 12733–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-12733-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Many of the key processes represented in global terrestrial carbon models remain largely unconstrained. For instance, plant allocation patterns and residence times of carbon pools are poorly known globally, except perhaps at a few intensively studied sites. As a consequence of data scarcity, carbon models tend to be underdetermined, and so can produce similar net fluxes with very different parameters and internal dynamics. To address these problems, we propose a series of ecological and dynamic constraints (EDCs) on model parameters and initial conditions, as a means to constrain ecosystem variable inter-dependencies in the absence of local data. The EDCs consist of a range of conditions on (a) carbon pool turnover and allocation ratios, (b) steady state proximity, and (c) growth and decay of model carbon pools. We use a simple ecosystem carbon model in a model-data fusion framework to determine the added value of these constraints in a data-poor context. Based only on leaf area index (LAI) time series and soil carbon data, we estimate net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for (a) 40 synthetic experiments and (b) three AMERIFLUX tower sites. For the synthetic experiments, we show that EDCs lead to an an overall 34% relative error reduction in model parameters, and a 65% reduction in the 3 yr NEE 90% confidence range. In the application at AMERIFLUX sites all NEE estimates were made independently of NEE measurements. Compared to these observations, EDCs resulted in a 69–93% reduction in 3 yr cumulative NEE median biases (−0.26 to +0.08 kg C m−2), in comparison to standard 3 yr median NEE biases (−1.17 to −0.84 kg C m−2). In light of these findings, we advocate the use of EDCs in future model-data fusion analyses of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Mo, Kingtse C., Eric Rogers, Wesley Ebisuzaki, R. Wayne Higgins, J. Woollen, and M. L. Carrera. "Influence of the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) 2004 Enhanced Soundings on NCEP Operational Analyses." Journal of Climate 20, no. 9 (2007): 1821–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4083.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract During the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) field campaign, an extensive set of enhanced atmospheric soundings was gathered over the southwest United States and Mexico. Most of these soundings were assimilated into the NCEP operational global and regional data assimilation systems in real time. This presents a unique opportunity to carry out a series of data assimilation experiments to examine their influence on the NCEP analyses and short-range forecasts. To quantify these impacts, several data-withholding experiments were carried out using the global Climate Data Assimilation System (CDAS), the Regional Climate Data Assimilation System (RCDAS), and the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) Eta Model Data Assimilation System (EDAS) for the NAME 2004 enhanced observation period (EOP). The impacts of soundings vary between the assimilation systems examined in this study. Overall, the influence of the enhanced soundings is concentrated over the core monsoon area. While differences at upper levels are small, the differences at lower levels are more substantial. The coarse-resolution CDAS does not properly resolve the Gulf of California (GoC), so the assimilation system is not able to exploit the additional soundings to improve characteristics of the Gulf of California low-level jet (GCLLJ) and the associated moisture transport in the GoC region. In contrast, the GCLLJ produced by RCDAS is conspicuously stronger than the observations, though the problem is somewhat alleviated with additional special NAME soundings. For EDAS, soundings improve the intensity and position of the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ). The soundings in general improve the analyses over the areas where the assimilation system has the largest uncertainties and errors. However, the differences in regional analyses owing to the soundings are smaller than the differences between the two regional data assimilation systems.
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Palacios Colón, Laura, Andrés J. Rascón, Lamia Hejji, Abdelmonaim Azzouz, and Evaristo Ballesteros. "Validation and Use of an Accurate, Sensitive Method for Sample Preparation and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Determination of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Dairy Products." Foods 10, no. 5 (2021): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051040.
Full textAbstract:
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances capable of altering the human hormone system and causing various diseases such as infertility and cancer as a result. In this work, a method for determining twenty-three different EDCs including parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides, bisphenol A and triclosan in dairy products was developed. Samples are conditioned by addition of acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid, centrifugation and clean-up of the extract by continuous solid-phase extraction. EDCs in the extract are derivatised by heating in a microwave oven and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The proposed method features good limits of detection (6–40 ng/kg) and precision (relative standard deviation < 7.6%); also, it is scarcely subject to matrix effects (1–20%). EDC recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 80 to 108%. The method was used to analyse a total of 33 samples of dairy products including cow, sheep and goat milk, yoghourt, milkshakes, cheese, cream, butter and custard. Bisphenol A was the individual contaminant detected in the greatest number of samples, at concentrations from 180 to 4800 ng/kg. 2-Phenylphenol and ethylparaben were found in more than one-half, at concentrations over the range 130–3500 and 89–4300 ng/kg, respectively. In contrast, alkylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and triclosan were detected in none.
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Walck, S. D., and P. Ruzakowski-Athey. "Analysis of Selected Area Diffraction Patterns With Winjade." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600021838.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) patterns that are collected from a single phase material having sufficient crystallites to provide continuous rings is relatively straightforward. However, when this condition is not met and there may be several phases present having rings of a spotty nature, the pattern is complex and can be quite difficult to analyze manually because of the vast number of discrete spots. WinJade from MDI is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis program with an Electron Diffraction Program Module (EDPM) that can be used to aid in the analysis of SAD patterns. The EDPM produces Integrated Circular Density Plots (ICDP), which are one-dimensional intensity profiles plotted as a function of equivalent XRD 20 values or crystal d-spacings. These ICDP's can be overlayed with XRD patterns or with reference lines from the NIST and JCPDS crystalline databases for direct comparisons.
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Stavělíková, Helena, Pavel Hanáček, and Tomáš Vyhnánek. "The morphological description and DNA tools analysis: for detection of duplicitions in the Czech germplasm collection of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 1 (2010): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058010191.
Full textAbstract:
The pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is very popular annual vegetable either for fresh consume either as spice after drying and grinding. The fruit contains high amounts of vitamin C, provitamin A, E, P (citrin), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (niacin). Crop Research Institute (CRI), Department of Vegetable and Special Crops, Olomouc, the Czech Republic is the holder of the collection of pepper genetic resources. The collection of pepper consists of 504 accessions, currently. It is necessary to find duplications within collection for effective work with genetics resources. For analyses totally 41 accessions were chosen. These were divided into ten groups according name: 1. Astrachanskij, 2. Aufrechte Cayenne, 3. Bogyisloi, 4. Hatvani, 5. Japan Hontakka, 6. Japan Madarszen, 7. Kalocsai Fuszer (Edes), 8. Konservnyj Belyj 289, 9. Tetenyi and 10. Vinedale. Two approaches were used for the detection of duplications – morphological description and polymorphism of DNA. The accessions were characterized for 54 morphological traits: 1 character in seedlings, 8 characters in the plants, 10 characters in leaves, 10 characters in flowers and 25 characters in fruits. The polymorphism of DNA was analysed using the SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) method with 8 SSR markers (Hpms 1-1, Hpms 1-5, Hpms 1-168, Hpms 1-172, Hpms 1-274, Hpms 2-21, Cams 163 and Cams 647) which are localised on different chromosomes. The results from DNA analysis were complemented with the morphological characterization. Possible duplications were in 4 groups: 1. Astrachanskij, 4. Hatvani, 5. Japan Hontakka and 7. Kalocsai Fuszer (Edes). This work is the first step for the determination of duplications in the Czech germplasm collection of pepper.