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Journal articles on the topic 'Analytical formulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Hutahaean, Syawaluddin. "Analytical Formulation of Breaker Equations." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 10 (2021): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.810.22.

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2

Marica, F., and R. F. Snider. "An analytical formulation of CPMAS." Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 23, no. 1-2 (2003): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-2040(02)00013-9.

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3

Leung, A. Y. T., and S. P. Zeng. "Analytical Formulation Of Dynamic Stiffness." Journal of Sound and Vibration 177, no. 4 (1994): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1994.1451.

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4

Kulkarni, Pavan, and P. R. Deshpande. "Pharmaceutico - Analytical study of Trailokyamohana Rasa." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) 5, no. 03 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.3.10.

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Herbo-mineral formulations occupies significant seat in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Nearly 70% formulations include combination of one or more metallic/mineral with several herbs which have supporting role in treating the disease. Trailokyamohana Rasa is one of the herbo- mineral formulation prepared by the Kupipakwa Rasayana method explained in the context of Prameha. The present study deals with the preparation and analytical study of Trailokyamohana Rasa, a unique formulation prepared by Antardhuma method of Kupipakwa Rasayana. The analysis of Trailokyamohana Rasa showed 8.4pH, 1.36% loss on drying, 68.94% of total ash and 38.56% of acid insoluble ash. X-RAY Diffraction Study of the sample revealed the peak of mercury which was in HgS form. Peaks also showed traces of Calcium, Tin and sulphur which was crystalline in nature. AAS analysis was done which revealed the traces of Calcium 16%, Tin as 7.56%, sulphur as 3.8%, carbonate as 40.25% and loss on ignition was 49.30% and Hg level showed below 1 ppm. Peaks at intervals showed the traces of Hg (Mercury), S (Sulphur). Second peaks showed the traces of Ca(Calcium) and Sn (Tin). Some other components were found such as C (Carbon), O (Oxide), Na (Sodium), Al (Aluminium), Si (Silicon), P (Phosphorus), Cl (Chlorine), K (Potassium), Fe (Iron), Cu (Copper).

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5

Wang, Nan, and Ji-Lin Zhou. "Analytical formulation of lunar cratering asymmetries." Astronomy & Astrophysics 594 (October 2016): A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628598.

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6

Irwin, W. J., Q. N. Masuda, and A. Li Wan Po. "Transesterification: An analytical and formulation problem." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 3, no. 3 (1985): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(85)80029-7.

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7

Wadhai, Sayli W., Ashwin V. Nikam, Uday V. Pawade, and Meghsham P. Anjankar. "PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF SNUHI KSHARA OF UPAVISHA SNUHI (EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA LINN.)." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, no. 6 (2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1306155.

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In Ayurveda, substances of natural origin, including whole plant or their parts, animal parts and minerals, are used for drug formulations alone or in combination. Kshara, one such formulation, is an alkaline preparation used since ancient times to cure many external and internal diseases. Rasatarangini and Ayurveda Sara Sangraha have described Snuhi kshara, a single drug formulation of Upavisha Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.), which possesses udaravinashana, vanhidipana, shophanashana etc. properties. As market preparation of the formulation was unavailable, revalidation of standardization of herbal formulation is essential for its quality and purity. Thus, an attempt has been made to formulate Snuhi kshara. The present study evaluates the Standard Manufacturing Process and analytical profile of Snuhi kshara by comparing two batches of Snuhi kshara. Snuhi kshara was prepared according to Sharangdhara Samhita, and the analytical profile was evaluated as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India by organoleptic, physicochemical and thin layer chromatography parameters. The study's findings may enrich referential information on Snuhi kshara preparation and its analytical assessment.

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8

Joshi, Sayali Joglekar, and Sarang Deshpande. "Pharmaceutical and Analytical Standardization of “Medopachak Vati”." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 6, no. 2 (2020): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2020.6212.

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In ancient Ayurvedic classics, many formulations are there like herbal, mineral and herbomineral in origin. These formulations are effective in many diseases depending upon their qualities and properties. In this study, we are dealing with medopachak vati which is herbal preparation. In Charak Samhita, Uttarsthana, Aacharya Charak mentioned Pachak Yoga in the treatment of Vishamjwara. “Medopachak yoga” which is useful in the Treatment of Medogatjwar. Many of the Ayurvedic paractitioners prescribe Medopachak yoga in various dosage forms like kashaya (Decoction), Churna (Powder) as per their convenience. Dosage form for administration plays an important role in the reaction and delivery of particular drug on a specific system. Tablets are easy to prepare, packing, transportation and administration to patients. Hence tablet form is the most accepted dosage form amongst all. In this study, formulation of “Medopachak Yoga” is transformed to the tablet form by using modern equipments and analytical techniques. An effort is made to validate the pharmaceutical and analytical procedures to maintain the quality of product and to avoid batch to batch variation. Pharmacopeial standards are set for this Ayurvedic formulation in tablet form. All the 3 samples were prepared by this method show identical characteristics and analytical parameters do not show much significant difference. These set parameters may be used for the further pharmaceutical preparations.

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9

Kim, Song-Kyoo (Amang). "Advanced Mathematical Business Strategy Formulation Design." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (2020): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101642.

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This paper deals with the explicit design of strategy formulations to make the best strategic choices from a conventional matrix form of representing strategic choices. The explicit strategy formulation is an analytical model that is targeted to provide a mathematical strategy framework to find the best moment for strategy shifting to prepare rapid market changes. This theoretical model could be adapted into practically any strategic decision making situation when a strategic formulation is described as a matrix form with quantitative measured decision parameters. Analytically tractable results are obtained by using the fluctuation theory and these results are able to predict the best moments for changing strategies in a matrix form. This research can help strategy decision makers who want to find the optimal moments of shifting present strategies.

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10

Bansiwal, Ashok, Sushil Raina, K. J. Vinoy, and Subrata Kumar Datta. "Effect of Beam tunnels on Resonant Frequency of Cylindrical Reentrant Cavity." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 03 (2021): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16814.

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Analytical formulations for the resonant frequency of a reentrant cavity for klystron are available in the literature only for such cavities having a single beam-tunnel. An improved analytical formulation has been proposed in this paper for the calculation of cavity gap-capacitance of reentrant cavities having single and multiple beam-tunnels and its effects on the resonant frequency are studied. The results obtained through analysis have been validated against those obtained from the 3D electromagnetic field simulations and measurements. The proposed analytical formulation provides good estimation of resonant frequency of cavity with single and multiple beam-tunnels.

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11

D'Amore, Camilo Marques, Elisa De Saldanha Simon, and Martin Steppe. "Evaluation of Physical-Chemical and Microbiological Stability of Fluconazole Oral Suspensions for Hospital Use." Drug Analytical Research 4, no. 1 (2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2527-2616.103473.

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Fluconazole is an important drug in the treatment of cutaneous and systemic mycoses. The Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre performs a derivation of fluconazole capsules to obtain an oral liquid formulation that is easily administered and whose dose can be adjusted. In order to replace the derivation for a formulation produced from an active pharmaceutical ingredient, this study sought to develop a liquid oral formulation, evaluate its physical chemical and microbiological stability and demonstrate suitability of the analytical method for the formulation assay. Seven different formulations of pharmaceutical suspension form were produced and evaluated for pH, viscosity, sedimentation volume and assay. The analytical method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography was demonstrated. Two most promising formulations were manipulated in the Farmácia Semi-Industrial do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and stored in amber PET bottles under three different conditions: room temperature, under refrigeration (2 to 8 ºC) and in an oven (40 ° C). Samples were collected after 0, 7 and 14 days to evaluate physical-chemical stability, assay, pH and macroscopic aspects. Samples were collected after 0 and 21 days to evaluate microbiological stability. It was possible to demonstrate stability for one of the formulations for a 14-day period. Throughout the study, the chosen formulation presented adequate quantification of fluconazole, constant pH, no organoleptic changes and no microbial growth. The results suggest the incorporation of a new formulation for fluconazole to the Farmacia Semi-Industrial portfolio).

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12

Chan, Cho Lik. "Boundary Element Method Analysis for the Bioheat Transfer Equation." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 3 (1992): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891396.

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In this paper, the boundary element method (BEM) approach is applied to solve the Pennes (1948) bioheat equation. The objective is to develop the BEM formulation and demonstrate its feasibility. The basic BEM formulations for the transient and steady-state cases are first presented. To demonstrate the usefulness of the BEM approach, numerical solutions for 2-D steady-state problems are obtained and compared to analytical solutions. Further, the BEM formulation is applied to model a conjugate problem for an artery imbedded in a perfused heated tissue. Analytical solution is possible when the conduction in the x-direction is negligible. The BEM and analytical results have very good agreement.

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13

Li, F. H., and L. C. Wang. "Analytical formulation of icosahedral quasi-crystal structures." Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 21, no. 3 (1988): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/21/3/006.

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14

Bombardelli, Claudio. "Analytical formulation of impulsive collision avoidance dynamics." Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 118, no. 2 (2013): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-013-9526-3.

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15

Y, Suresh, Prashanth BK, Ravi Rao S, Zenica D’Souza, and Krishnamurthy MS. "Analytical study of modified Manashiladi Lepa into Ointment." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) 5, no. 04 (2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.4.10.

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Lepa Kalpana is one amongst the external application used in Ayurveda. Manashiladi Lepa is a formulation explained in ‘Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha’ for the prevention of scar in the skin surface. The formulation contains Ghrita and Madhu which is to be mixed with the powder of the herbs told in the formulation. In the present scenario, the Lepa Kalpana is not liked by the patients themselves as it leaves behind residual marks on the skin surface and stains the cloth if it comes in contact with it. Hence a modified Lepa in the form of ointment which contains reduced amount of oiliness and good packing is accepted by all. Literary review done through various sources like books, journals and internet revealed that, no modification studies have been carried out on this formulation yet. The Lepa is modified into an ointment for its easy acceptability and usage. The formulation is tested for its analytical values and discussed in the article.

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16

Chaudhury, Arkadeep Narayan, and Debasis Datta. "Analysis of prismatic springs of non-circular coil shape and non-prismatic springs of circular coil shape by analytical and finite element methods." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 4, no. 3 (2017): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2017.02.001.

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Abstract This paper presents a methodology for designing prismatic springs of non-circular coil shape and non-prismatic springs of circular coil shape using analytical and numerical methods. To start with, simple analytical formulations for obtaining the axial deformation of the springs under axial load have been demonstrated. Next, the processes of obtaining CAD models of the springs and their subsequent finite element analysis (FEA) in commercial softwares have been outlined. In the third part, the different springs have been compared with a common cylindrical spring and their merits compared to a common spring have been demonstrated. Next, a fairly accurate analytical formulation (with maximum error of ∼7–8%) for obtaining the value and location of maximum shear stress for all the springs has been demonstrated. Next, two aspects of non-prismatic springs under dynamic loads, viz. damping introduced in a vibrating system and contribution of the spring to the equivalent mass in a one dimensional vibrating spring mass system due to shape of the spring have been discussed. The last part involves an analytical formulation for the linear elastic buckling of two springs with circular coil shapes. For the majority of the work, emphasis has been on obtaining and using closed form analytical expressions for different quantities while numerical techniques such as FEA have been used for validation of the same. Highlights Analytical formulations of axial deflection different springs under axial load. CAD modeling and FEA of prismatic and non prismatic springs of different coil shapes. Comparison of stress and deflection in mass-equivalent springs of different geometry. Approx. analytical formulation for the location and value of max. stress in springs. Effects of spring shape on damping, vibrational properties in 1D systems and buckling.

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17

Raveendran, Amrita, Sangeeta Rao, and Vikram S. "Pharmaceutico analytical study of Ashwagandha Ghrita." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) 5, no. 05 (2020): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.5.31.

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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L) Family - Solanaceae) known as Indian ginseng is an effective immunomodulator, aphrodisiac, sedative and adaptogen. Ashwagandha Ghrita is a ghee based Ayurvedic formulation which is available in the market, but Ashwagandha Ghrita containing Rasasindura and Tamra Bhasma along with Ashwagandha and Musta Churna is also mentioned in classical text which many of us are not aware of. As we all know that the action of Rasaushadhis are quick and require very less dose the one mentioned by Vagbhatacharya (author of Rasaratnasamuchaya) is the need of the hour for the immunomodulation. The current trend in applied instrumental medical research encourages good medical practice, clinical and research based drug analysis. The main aim of analytical study is to find out working standards for the formulations and safe use of therapeutics.

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18

Gunjan, Sharma, Akanksha 2, Prasad Renu, and Kumar Arun. "ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PIPPALYADI ANJANA: AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 9 (2020): 4363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj1008092020.

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Pippalyadi Anjana is an Ayurvedic topical formulation mentioned in Ayurvedic classic. The formulation is believed to cure ocular ailments such as Arma, Timira, Kaach, Arjuna. According to Acharya Yogratnakar this Anjana can be used to eradicate all the ocular disorders if prepared appropriately. It can be the best option among all Anjanas from which the eye diseases can’t be appeared. Keeping all these points in view this study has been undertaken with the aim to modify Pippalayadi Anjana into ointment form and to de-velop the physicochemical profile of the final product. Anjana was prepared in the form of Ghan Satva Kalpana and the Laksha and Saindhav was added then mixed with Siktha of cow ghee and emulsified bee wax for attaining the final product. Materials and Method: The prepared drug was evaluated for organoleptic study, physiochemical study, pH value and the product were subjected for microbial contamination test, it was tested in analytical labora-tory and results were documented. Result: The result shows the organoleptic character and sterility. Conclusion: Pippalyadi Anjana was prepared by following the method prescribed in Yogratnakar. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.

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19

Saini, Dr Rashmi, Dr Sharad Porte, and Dr Dipak Saini. "Analytical Study Of Hargouri Ras: An Ayurvedic Formulation." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 04, no. 05 (2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2021.4514.

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20

Pedraza, Lucía, Juan Pablo Pinasco, Nicolas Saintier, and Pablo Balenzuela. "An analytical formulation for multidimensional continuous opinion models." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 152 (November 2021): 111368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2021.111368.

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21

Naik, N. K., and A. V. Doshi. "Ballistic Impact Behavior of Thick Composites: Analytical Formulation." AIAA Journal 43, no. 7 (2005): 1525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.11993.

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22

Tirumala, Rakshit, and David B. Go. "An analytical formulation for the modified Paschen’s curve." Applied Physics Letters 97, no. 15 (2010): 151502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3497231.

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23

Ashenberg, Joshua, and Enrico C. Lorenzini. "Analytical formulation of a complex mutual gravitational field." Classical and Quantum Gravity 21, no. 8 (2004): 2089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/8/012.

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24

Pieper, T., and B. K. Keppler. "Tumor-inhibiting ruthenium complexes -formulation and analytical characterization." Analusis 26, no. 6 (1998): M84—M87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1998155.

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25

Pieper, T., and B. K. Keppler. "Tumor-inhibiting ruthenium complexes -formulation and analytical characterization." Analusis 26, no. 6 (1998): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:199826060084.

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26

Calcagno, B. O., K. R. Hart, and W. C. Crone. "Calendering of metal/polymer composites: An analytical formulation." Mechanics of Materials 93 (February 2016): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2015.10.017.

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27

Chen, Xiao, and Carolina Osorio. "Analytical Formulation of the Trip Travel Time Distribution." Transportation Research Procedia 3 (2014): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.10.017.

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28

Segura, J. M., and G. Armengaud. "Analytical formulation of stresses in curved composite beams." Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv) 68, no. 3-4 (1998): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004190050158.

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29

De Giglio, Elvira, Adriana Trapani, Damiana Cafagna, Luigia Sabbatini, and Stefania Cometa. "Dopamine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: formulation and analytical characterization." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 400, no. 7 (2011): 1997–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4962-y.

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30

Momeni, K., and R. S. Yassar. "Analytical Formulation of Stress Distribution in Cellulose Nanocomposites." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 6, no. 7 (2009): 1511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2009.1203.

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31

Wen, P. H., and M. H. Aliabadi. "Analytical formulation of meshless local integral equation method." Applied Mathematical Modelling 37, no. 4 (2013): 2115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2012.05.006.

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32

Mach, Henryk, and Tudor Arvinte. "Addressing new analytical challenges in protein formulation development." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 78, no. 2 (2011): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.001.

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33

Javidan, Kurosh, та Arash Ghahraman. "Analytical Formulation for ϕ 4 Field Potential Dynamics". Brazilian Journal of Physics 41, № 2-3 (2011): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13538-011-0026-1.

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34

Daud, Ruslizam, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, Shahrum Abdullah, and A. E. Ismail. "Computation of Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factor for Parallel Edge Cracks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1326.

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This paper presents the extensions of newly developed finite element (FE) formulation to evaluate fracture behavior of parallel edge cracks problems. The numerical formulation used Barsoum singular finite elements to compute fracture parameters in two dimensional finite element models subjected to different crack-width ratio and cracks interval ratio. Mixed mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) of parallel edge cracks are computed in extending of FE formulation for pure Mode I formulation proposed by authors. In 2D linear elastic problem under mixed mode condition, the variation of SIF value near crack tips are discussed comprehensively. The newly finite element formulations are resulted with remarkable agreement with energy release rate based method compared to analytical solution available in the literatures.

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35

Sánchez-Bajo, Florentino, Angel L. Ortiz, and Francisco L. Cumbrera. "Analytical formulation of the variance method of line-broadening analysis for Voigtian X-ray diffraction peaks." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 4 (2006): 598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889806017122.

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An alternative formulation of the variance method for the line-broadening analysis of polycrystalline materials is presented. It maintains the theoretical basis of the earlier formulations of the variance method, but differs in the manner of calculating the variance coefficients of the line profiles. In the proposed formulation, these are evaluated analytically in terms of the shape parameters of Voigt functions fitted to the X-ray diffraction data. Explicit expressions are thus derived for calculating the (surface-weighted) crystal sizes and (root-mean-square) lattice microstrains from the integral breadths of the Gauss and Lorentz components of the Voigt functions that model the experimental and instrumental line profiles.

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36

Boscolo, Oriana, Francesco Perra, Leandro Salvo, Fabián Buontempo, and Silvia Lucangioli. "Formulation and Stability Study of Omeprazole Oral Liquid Suspension for Pediatric Patients." Hospital Pharmacy 55, no. 5 (2019): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578719844704.

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Objectives: To develop and to study the physicochemical and microbiological stability of omeprazole liquid oral formulations used as therapeutic agent in many acid-related disorders, for pediatric use. Furthermore, to optimize and validate a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of omeprazole in the studied formulations. Method: Oral liquid suspensions of omeprazole were prepared at 2 mg/mL using crushed omeprazole pellets (formulation A) and pure omeprazole (formulation B) with a complete vehicle including humectant, suspending, sweetening, antioxidant, and flavoring agents. Samples were stored at 4°C and 25°C. Omeprazole content of each formulation was analyzed in triplicate using micro-HPLC at 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days. Other parameters were also determined, such as appearance, pH, resuspendibility, and viscosity. Microbiological studies were conducted according to the United Stated Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines for non-sterile products. Results: Formulation A stayed physicochemical and microbiologically stable at refrigerated (4°C) conditions during at least 150 days and it only stayed stable during 14 days at 25°C. Formulation B was stayed physicochemical and microbiologically stable at refrigerated (4°C) conditions at least 90 days, but it is not recommended to store at 25°C for more than 1 day. Conclusions: Formulation A and formulation B can be stored for at least 150 and 90 days, respectively, at refrigerated conditions. Formulation A can be stored at room temperature for 14 days. Both formulations are perfectly suitable for pediatric patients who are usually notable to swallow solid oral formulations. The proposed analytical method was suitable for the study of stability of different formulations.

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., Manishaanjane, Shikha Agrawal, and Amreen Khan. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION OF VALSARTAN." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 2 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25874.

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Objective: The objective of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate Valsartan nanosuspension by nanoprecipitation ultra sonication method using different polymers to enhance solubility and bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug.Methods: Formulation of nanosuspension of valsartan by nanoprecipitation technique was used. The nanosuspension formulations were prepared using different polymers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose E50, polyvinyl pyrollidone k-30, polyethene glycol 6000 and sodium lauryl sulphate was used as the surfactant.Results: The formulation of nanosuspension was formed clear and no sedimentation was seen on further shaking. The nanosuspension formulations were Valsatan shows maximum solubility in HPMC as a non-volatile solvent. All the Preformulation parameters were evaluated such as organoleptic characterization of drug sample, melting point, pH, partition coefficient, identification of drug samples by using UV spectroscopy and FTIR analytical method, preparation of calibration curves, solubility studies of drug sample like qualitative, quantitative and pH dependent solubility of drug in different pH buffer solution. The viscosity of the dispersion medium was more in F10.895 mPa-s and F2 0.894 mPa-s than the other formulations. The particle size distribution of the nanosuspension with zeta potential found to be negative mv. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was no possible interaction between drug and polymer.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that in recent advances in novel drug delivery system aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for administration and to achieve better patient compliance, one such approach is nanosuspension.

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38

Majed, Liliane, Salem Hayar, Rawan Zeitoun, Britt Marianna Maestroni, and Sylvie Dousset. "The Effects of Formulation on Imidacloprid Dissipation in Grapes and Vine Leaves and on Required Pre-Harvest Intervals under Lebanese Climatic Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010252.

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In this study, imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, currently having a specified European Commission MRL value for vine leaves (2 mg kg−1), was applied on a Lebanese vineyard under different commercial formulations: as a soluble liquid (SL) and water dispersible granules (WDG). In Lebanon, many commercial formulations of imidacloprid are subject to the same critical good agricultural practice (cGAP). It was, therefore, important to verify the variability in dissipation patterns according to matrix nature and formulation type. Random samplings of grapes and vine leaves were performed starting at 2 days until 18 days after treatment. Residue extractions were performed according to the QuEChERS method and the analytical determination using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The SL formulation yielded significantly higher initial deposit than the WDG formulation on grapes and vine leaves. The formulation type did not significantly affect the dissipation rates; the estimated half-lives in grapes and vine leaves were 0.5 days for all imidacloprid formulations. No pre-harvest intervals were necessary on grapes. PHIs of 3.7 days for the SL formulation and 2.8 days for the WDG formulation were estimated on vine leaves. The results showed that the type of formulation and the morphological and physiological characteristics of the matrix had an effect on the initial deposits, and thus residue levels, but not on the dissipation patterns.

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39

Lu, Hongjia, Andrew Tyas, Matthew Gilbert, and Aleksey V. Pichugin. "On transmissible load formulations in topology optimization." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 64, no. 1 (2021): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-021-02932-0.

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AbstractTransmissible loads are external loads defined by their line of action, with actual points of load application chosen as part of the topology optimization process. Although for problems where the optimal structure is a funicular, transmissible loads can be viewed as surface loads, in other cases such loads are free to be applied to internal parts of the structure. There are two main transmissible load formulations described in the literature: a rigid bar (constrained displacement) formulation or, less commonly, a migrating load (equilibrium) formulation. Here, we employ a simple Mohr’s circle analysis to show that the rigid bar formulation will only produce correct structural forms in certain specific circumstances. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate (and explain) the incorrect topologies produced when the rigid bar formulation is applied in other situations. A new analytical solution is also presented for a uniformly loaded cantilever structure. Finally, we invoke duality principles to elucidate the source of the discrepancy between the two formulations, considering both discrete truss and continuum topology optimization formulations.

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Naaz, Huzaifa, Panja Srikanth, Mithun Rudrapal, and Khomendra Kumar Sarwa. "Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC Methods for the Estimation of Gallic Acid in Herbal Formulation of Amalaki." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 10 (2020): 2469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22737.

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In this study, two analytical methods viz. UV spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC were developed for the evaluation of Amalaki in the marketed herbal formulation. The amount of gallic acid estimated in the marketed formulation complies with the standard (not less than 1% w/w of gallic acid) specified in the official monograph of Amalaki. The developed methods showed good linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, specificity, LOD and LOQ. Results of validation studies were found satisfactory with % RSD values of less than 2% indicating good specificity, validity and reliability of the developed methods. Both analytical methods are claimed to be simple, accurate and precise. Present methods can, therefore, be applied widely for the routine analysis of marketed formulations or any crude traditional preparations of Amalaki based on the quantitative determination of gallic acid at a reasonable cost with simple analytical set up.

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Pekša, Jānis, and Kristaps-Pēteris Rubulis. "Operations Research Model Formulation for Road Maintenance Case." Information Technology and Management Science 22 (December 23, 2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/itms-2019-0005.

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Operations research can be used to apply analytical methods that help make precise and reasonable decisions. In road maintenance, basic principles of operations research are used to create model formulation that could help lower costs in case of an inaccurately made decision. First, the paper provides a literature review on different model formulations. Afterward, hypotheses are proposed regarding the model formulation, and then the model that minimises total generalised costs from wrong duty orders for road maintenance is offered. In conclusion, the paper evaluates the hypotheses and the process of improving the mathematical model.

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García-Vallejo, D., H. Sugiyama, and A. A. Shabana. "Finite element analysis of the geometric stiffening effect. Part 1: A correction in the floating frame of reference formulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 219, no. 2 (2005): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441905x10041.

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The fact that incorrect unstable solutions are obtained for linearly elastic models motivates the analytical study presented in this paper. The increase in the number of finite elements only leads to an increase in the critical speed. Crucial in the analysis presented in this paper is the fact that the mass matrix and the form of the elastic forces obtained using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation remain the same under orthogonal coordinate transformation. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation, in contrast to conventional finite element formulations, does account for the effect of the coupling between bending and extension. Based on the analytical results obtained using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, a new correction is proposed for the finite element floating frame of reference formulation in order to introduce coupling between the axial and bending displacements. In this two-part paper, two- and three-dimensional finite element models are used to study the problem of rotating beams. The models are developed using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation that allows for accurate representation of the axial strain, thereby avoiding the ill-conditioning problem that arises when classical displacement-based finite element formulations are used. In the first part of the paper, the case of linear elasticity is considered and assumptions used in the finite element floating frame of reference formulation are investigated. In the second part of the paper, non-linear elasticity is considered. A rotating helicopter blade is simulated, and the complexity of the motion suggests the inclusion of rotary inertia, shear deformation, and non-linear elastic forces in order to obtain an accurate solution that does not suffer from the instability problem regardless of the number of finite elements used.

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Prasad, Renu, Gunjan Sharma, Radhika Menon, and Aditi 4. "ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SHATAHWADI GHRITA." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 9 (2020): 4381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj1308092020.

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Shatahwadi ghrita is an Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Ashtanga hridaya in the management of Timira. The main contents of this Ghrita are Shatahwa, Nalada, Kakoli, Ksheerakakoli, Yashtimadhu, Pra-poundarika, Sarala, Pippali, Devadaru. It’s prepared by classical method of Ghrita kalpana. Aim: To prepare and do the physio-chemical study of finished product. Materials and Methods: Shatahwadi ghrita is a polyherbal formulation which is formulated by classical method of Ghrita paka. It contains drugs having properties such as Tridoshahara, Chakshushya and Ra-sayana. Results: Standardization of Shatahwadi ghrita shows remarkable results regarding Refractive index, sapon-ification value, iodine value, peroxide value etc. Conclusion: The prepared Shatahwadi ghrita matches the physicochemical parameters and can impact good therapeutic impact.

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Somarajan, Anitha, Laxmi B. Kurle, and Shankara Gowda. "A PHARMCEUTICO ANALYTICAL STUDY OF AMAVATARI RASA - A HERBAL FORMULATION." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 10 (2020): 4649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj1308102020.

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Ayurveda is the most ancient medical sciences which deal with the powerful medicines with the use of herbals, minerals and herbo-minerals. Amavatari Rasa is one of the most powerful Ayurvedic formulation which comes under the polyherbal formulations, it contains Eranda moola, Triphala, Shuddha Chitraka, Shuddha Vatsanabha as main ingredients and Gomutra as Bhavana dravya indicated in SarvaVatavikara. as it is a VatsanabhayuktaKashtoushadi and irrespective of other Kashtoushadis its name and its less dose indicates that it is more potent than the other Amavataharakashtoushadhis, assimilation in the body is much faster even though the dose is very less and it can competent with other Amavatahara Rasaushadis. Amavatari Rasa was prepared as per the classical reference as there was no analytical standards available for Amavatari rasa in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India to check its quality, in this study an effort has been made to carry out the pharmaceutico Analytical study of Amavatari Rasa. The result obtained will be the reference standards and can also be used for future studies on Amavatari Rasa standardization.

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Alekseychyk, Larysa, Cheng Su, Gerald W. Becker, Michael J. Treuheit, and Vladimir I. Razinkov. "High-Throughput Screening and Stability Optimization of Anti-Streptavidin IgG1 and IgG2 Formulations." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 9 (2014): 1290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114542431.

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Selection of a suitable formulation that provides adequate product stability is an important aspect of the development of biopharmaceutical products. Stability of proteins includes not only resistance to chemical modifications but also conformational and colloidal stabilities. While chemical degradation of antibodies is relatively easy to detect and control, propensity for conformational changes and/or aggregation during manufacturing or long-term storage is difficult to predict. In many cases, the formulation factors that increase one type of stability may significantly decrease another type under the same or different conditions. Often compromise is necessary to minimize the adverse effects of an antibody formulation by careful optimization of multiple factors responsible for overall stability. In this study, high-throughput stress and characterization techniques were applied to 96 formulations of anti-streptavidin antibodies (an IgG1 and an IgG2) to choose optimal formulations. Stress and analytical methods applied in this study were 96-well plate based using an automated liquid handling system to prepare the different formulations and sample plates. Aggregation and clipping propensity were evaluated by temperature and mechanical stresses. Multivariate regression analysis of high-throughput data was performed to find statistically significant formulation factors that alter measured parameters such as monomer percentage or unfolding temperature. The results of the regression models were used to maximize the stabilities of antibodies under different formulations and to find the optimal formulation space for each molecule. Comparison of the IgG1 and IgG2 data indicated an overall greater stability of the IgG1 molecule under the conditions studied. The described method can easily be applied to both initial preformulation screening and late-stage formulation development of biopharmaceutical products.

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Yang, Judy P. "Theoretical Formulation of Three-Mass Vehicle Model for Vehicle–Bridge Interaction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 07 (2021): 2171004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421710048.

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The vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) is studied using a semi-analytical approach based on a three-mass vehicle model. As most work analyzes vehicle–bridge interaction numerically and/or analytically by treating the vehicle as a simplified lumped mass, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this work first presents the theoretical formulation of the three-mass VBI system, where a more realistic vehicle model equipped with a rigid mass and two unsprung mass-spring-damper systems is considered. By assuming the first modal vibration of beam, the semi-analytical solutions are derived, which can be served as the reference solutions for calibrating VBI analyses using different models or methods.

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Alam, Prawez, Faiyaz Shakeel, Mohammed H. Alqarni, et al. "Determination of Cordycepin Using a Stability-Indicating Greener HPTLC Method." Separations 10, no. 1 (2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10010038.

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A wide range of analytical techniques have been reported to determine cordycepin (CDN) in various sample matrices. Nevertheless, greener analytical approaches for CDN estimation are scarce in the literature. As a result, this study was designed to develop and validate a stability-indicating greener “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” technique for CDN determination in a laboratory-developed formulation. The greener eluent system for CDN detection was ethanol–water (75:25 v/v). At a wavelength of 262 nm, CDN was measured. The greenness scale of the proposed analytical technology was derived using the “Analytical GREENness (AGREE)” approach. The proposed stability-indicating HPTLC assay was linear for CDN analysis in the 50-1000 ng/band range with a determination coefficient of 0.9978. The proposed analytical technique for CDN analysis was simple, rapid, accurate, precise, robust, selective, stability-indicating, and greener. The AGREE score for the proposed stability-indicating HPTLC technique was calculated to be 0.79 using the AGREE calculator. The current protocol was able to detect CDN degradation products under various stress conditions, indicating its stability-indication characteristics and selectivity. The AGREE quantitative score indicated that the stability-indicating current protocol had outstanding greener characteristics. The amount of CDN in the laboratory-developed formulation was determined to be 98.84%, indicating the suitability of the current protocol in the assay of CDN in the formulations. These results suggested that CDN in a laboratory-developed formulation may be regularly determined using the stability-indicating greener HPTLC strategy.

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Kotha, Raghavendhar R., and Devanand L. Luthria. "Curcumin: Biological, Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Analytical Aspects." Molecules 24, no. 16 (2019): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162930.

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Turmeric is a curry spice that originated from India, which has attracted great interest in recent decades because it contains bioactive curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione), a lipophilic polyphenol may work as an anticancer, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging agent as suggested by several in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. However, poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles limit curcumin’s therapeutic usage. To address these issues, several curcumin formulations have been developed. However, suboptimal sample preparation and analysis methodologies often hamper the accurate evaluation of bioactivities and their clinical efficacy. This review summarizes recent research on biological, pharmaceutical, and analytical aspects of the curcumin. Various formulation techniques and corresponding clinical trials and in vivo outcomes are discussed. A detailed comparison of different sample preparation (ultrasonic, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave, reflux) and analytical (FT-IR, FT-NIR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR, HPTLC, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS) methodologies used for the extraction and quantification of curcuminoids in different matrices, is presented. Application of optimal sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection methodologies will significantly improve the assessment of different formulations and biological activities of curcuminoids.

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Foudah, Ahmed I., Faiyaz Shakeel, Mohammad H. Alqarni, Hasan S. Yusufoglu, Mohammad A. Salkini, and Prawez Alam. "Determination of Trans-Anethole in Essential Oil, Methanolic Extract and Commercial Formulations of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Using a Green RP-HPTLC-Densitometry Method." Separations 7, no. 4 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040051.

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Due to the lack of ecofriendly/green reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) methods for trans-anethole (TAL) and its simplicity over routine analytical techniques, there was a necessity to establish a suitable HPTLC methodology for the quantitative analysis of TAL. Therefore, the first objective of this research was to develop an accurate, rapid and green RP-HPTLC densitometry methodology for the quantitative analysis of TAL in essential oil, traditional and ultrasound-assisted extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill and commercial formulations. The second objective was to compare the traditional method of extraction of TAL with its ultrasound-assisted method of extraction. The chromatogram of TAL from essential oil and traditional and ultrasound-assisted extracts of fennel and commercial formulations was verified by recoding its single spectra at Rf = 0.31 ± 0.01 in comparison to standard TAL. The proposed analytical methodology has been found to be superior in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision compared to most of the reported analytical methods for TAL analysis. The amount of TAL in the essential oil of fennel was recorded as 8.82 mg per g of oil. The content of TAL in traditional extracts of fennel, formulation 1 (dietary supplement 1) and formulation 2 (dietary supplement 2), was recorded as 6.44, 4.88 and 4.48 mg per g, respectively. The amount of TAL in ultrasound-assisted extracts of fennel, formulation 1 and formulation 2, was recorded as 8.34, 6.46 and 5.81 mg per g, respectively. The ultrasound method of extraction of TAL was found to be better than the traditional method of extraction. The results of validation studies and phytochemical analysis showed that the proposed methodology could be efficiently utilized for the quantification of TAL in the wide range of products having TAL as a component.

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Borrero, Silvio, Alejandro Acosta, and Aida F. Medina. "Culture, strategy formulation, and firm performance: a meta-analysis." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 33, no. 1 (2020): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-01-2018-0013.

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PurposeThis article explores how strategy formulation affects firm performance to determine whether rational/analytical strategy formulation is more effective than emergent/reflexive strategy formulation. Additionally, the article assesses if such superiority holds for different cultural contexts.Design/methodology/approachMeta-analysis was performed using the Raju, Burke, Norman, and Landis (RBNL) procedure applied to a dataset of 43 empirical studies reporting 54 effect sizes on strategy–performance relationships.FindingsImplementing a formal strategy formulation process positively relates to firm performance. Rational/analytical formulation approaches are more effective than emergent/reflexive approaches in enhancing firm performance, especially for cultures with low future orientation, high uncertainty avoidance, and high power distance.Research limitations/implicationsThe reduced number of published empirical studies limited the scope and generalizability of the results across countries, industries, or firms. This limitation might be especially true for Latin American firms given the absence of relevant studies in this region. Another potential limitation is related to the distinction between strategy formulation and strategy implementation. Given the empirical nature of the studies meta-analyzed, strategic tools are used as a proxy to determine the formulation approach.Practical implicationsFirms that operate in short-term oriented, uncertainty-avoiding, and elitist cultures should favor implementing rational/analytical strategy formulation techniques rather than emergent/reflexive approaches. Although prescriptive recommendations are limited by the lack of studies in Latin America, firms in this region would seem to be better off using rational/analytical strategy formulation approaches.Originality/valueThese findings provide a partial explanation for the varying results yielded by strategy formulation and suggest cultural contexts in which rational/analytical strategy formulation should be more effective than emergent/reflexive approaches.

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