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Journal articles on the topic 'And IP protection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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McKenna, Brian. "Smart IP protection." Infosecurity Today 1, no. 3 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1742-6847(04)00049-7.

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Han, Xiao, and Nabeel Mahdi Althabhawi. "Establishment of Data Intellectual Property Rights and Anti-Monopoly Regulation in China." JURNAL UNDANG-UNDANG DAN MASYARAKAT 34, no. 2 (2024): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/juum-2024-3402-13.

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Data drives innovation, expands markets, and improves efficiency, enabling companies to better meet market demands. In the AI market, data has even become a significant barrier to market entry. Currently, data laws primarily focus on personal information protection and data security in China. Despite recognizing the value of data, current legislation lacks definitions and protections for data rights, leading to data misuse and monopolistic practices, highlighting the urgent need for specialized intellectual property protection and regulatory legislation. Through doctrinal research and comparative analysis, this study evaluates the characteristics of data, existing legal frameworks, and relevant cases, comparing them with the European Union’s data legal framework. The aim is to clarify the concept of data IP, fill the legislative void in data IP protection and antitrust regulation, and propose recommendations to enhance digital IP protection and anti-monopoly regulation. Recognizing data as IP is the best approach to accommodate its public and proprietary nature, effectively protecting data innovation. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish a comprehensive and forward- looking legal framework to protect data as IP and prevent data monopolies.

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Mujtaba, G., and М. Zia-Ul-Haq. "The Disclosure Requirements of Software Patents: Suggestions for Developing Countries." Kutafin Law Review 11, no. 1 (2024): 96–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0533.2024.1.27.096-123.

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This is a research study of available options of Intellectual Property (IP) protections for software in the present IP systems, in most of the countries including copyright and patent protection. Each type of IP protection has its own advantages and limitations like enablement of subject matter for registration requirements, scope of rights conferred and period of protection etc. The trends and demands of software industry for the grant of patents protection for Computer Implemented Inventions (CIIs) were also discussed. The present research paper discusses a best mode of technical disclosure, more than an algorithm, of software patents and additional recommendations are also given as a solution to the technical problem of a suitable IP protection for software. A sui generis IP protection was suggested as a best option for a composite IP protection covering all aspects of advanced software inventions.

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Metz, C. "IP protection and restoration." IEEE Internet Computing 4, no. 2 (2000): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4236.832952.

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Shi, Dengke. "Intellectual Property Protection of Virtual IP in the Age of Digital Economy and Its Jurisprudence Discussion." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 24, no. 1 (2023): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/24/20230746.

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This thesis aims to explore the intellectual property protection of virtual IP in the era of the digital economy and its jurisprudential discussion. With the continuous development of science and technology and the rise of the digital economy, virtual IP (virtual image and digital person) presents diverse connotations and expressions as an essential part of the digital economy. However, the intellectual property protection of virtual IP faces many dilemmas and challenges. This paper conducts an in-depth study on the protection of virtual IP through the legal perspective and puts forward some methods and strategies to crack the dilemma of virtual IP legal rights and interests. By improving the legal framework, clarifying the definition standard of virtual IP, and determining the scope of protected rights and interests of virtual IP, the legal protection of virtual IP can be effectively enhanced, and the legitimacy and stability of the property rights and interests of virtual IP can be maintained. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the development of the digital economy and protecting the intellectual property rights of virtual IP.

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CORREIA, N. S. C., and M. C. R. MEDEIROS. "Survivability in IP-over-WDM Networks: WDM Lightpath Protection versus IP LSP Protection." Fiber and Integrated Optics 24, no. 3-4 (2005): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030590923046.

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Saha, Debasri, and Susmita Sur-Kolay. "SoC: A Real Platform for IP Reuse, IP Infringement, and IP Protection." VLSI Design 2011 (April 5, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/731957.

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Increased design complexity, shrinking design cycle, and low cost—this three-dimensional demand mandates advent of system-on-chip (SoC) methodology in semiconductor industry. The key concept of SoC is reuse of the intellectual property (IP) cores. Reuse of IPs on SoC increases the risk of misappropriation of IPs due to introduction of several new attacks and involvement of various parties as adversaries. Existing literature has huge number of proposals for IP protection (IPP) techniques to be incorporated in the IP design flow as well as in the SoC design methodology. However, these are quite scattered, limited in possibilities in multithreat environment, and sometimes mutually conflicting. Existing works need critical survey, proper categorization, and summarization to focus on the inherent tradeoff, existing security holes, and new research directions. This paper discusses the IP-based SoC design flow to highlight the exact locations and the nature of infringements in the flow, identifies the adversaries, categorizes these infringements, and applies strategic analysis on the effectiveness of the existing IPP techniques for these categories of infringements. It also clearly highlights recent challenges and new opportunities in this emerging field of research.

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Shi, Guanming, Carl Pray, and Wenhui Zhang. "Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Protection: Survey Evidence from China." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 41, no. 3 (2012): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000126x.

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This paper examines Chinese pesticide firms’ use and perceptions of various means of intellectual property (IP) protection in protecting their innovations, using a unique dataset from 97 pesticide firms surveyed in 2008. These firms rate Chinese patents as quite effective in protecting their IP from infringement, although 70 percent of them state that improved enforcement is needed. Those firms that have been granted patents and those that claim their patents have been infringed upon both give lower ratings to the perceived effectiveness of patents. Trademarks are rated as less effective than patents, but firms that have had experience with patenting and infringement of patents tend to rate trademarks as more effective than those firms that do not have direct experience with the patent system. General government policies to encourage increased privatization, more private R&D, and higher education are associated with more faith in IP, but policies to strengthen IP by promoting mandatory IP training and the development of specialized IP divisions in the firms do not influence perceptions of IP effectiveness. We conclude that if the Chinese government wants to encourage innovation using IP protection, it must focus on improving the enforcement of patents.

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Newbould, R. D., D. L. Irby, J. D. Carothers, J. J. Rodriguez, and W. T. Holman. "Watermarking ICs for IP protection." Electronics Letters 38, no. 6 (2002): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20020143.

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Bolos, Mihaela Daciana. "IP Protection and International Trade." Procedia Economics and Finance 3 (2012): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00249-3.

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Correia, N. S. C., and M. C. R. Medeiros. "On the Maximum Protection Problem in IP-over-WDM Networks Using IP LSP Protection." Photonic Network Communications 10, no. 1 (2005): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-004-1696-1.

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Xu, Xin. "Research on the Pathways of Intellectual Property Rights Protection." Modern Economics & Management Forum 5, no. 6 (2025): 1096. https://doi.org/10.32629/memf.v5i6.3191.

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This paper aims to explore in depth the pathways of intellectual property (IP) rights protection. By analyzing the development trends in IP protection, the current status of IP protection in China, and incorporating virtual data on the number of cases handled by patent agencies and IP cases accepted by courts nationwide, the paper delves into the challenges facing IP protection today. It further proposes specific measures to implement and enhance IP rights protection pathways, providing valuable references for the patent agency industry and related fields.

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BABA, Alina. "THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (TRIPS)." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 33, no. 1 (2024): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes33(1)024.

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he paper delves into the development and intricacies of international legal frameworks for intellectual property (IP) rights protection and commercialization, focusing on agreements like the Paris and Berne Conventions. It outlines the evolution from initial measures safeguarding industrial property to broader copyright and trademark protections, facilitated by entities such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is highlighted for establishing minimum standards for IP protection and enforcement, integrating provisions for dispute resolution, and managing the balance between IP holders' interests and the public good. TRIPS' role in addressing challenges posed by differing national norms and its efforts to mitigate IP rights abuse through limitations and exceptions, known as the Three-Step Test, are emphasized. This analysis underscores the importance of a fair and balanced IP system that promotes global innovation and creativity, acknowledging the need for a harmonious integration of varied national laws within the global trade and IP protection landscape.

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Arabiyah, Syarifah, and Agung Dwi Prabowo. "Globalisasi dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pelindungan serta Pemanfaatan Kekayaan Intelektual Budaya Tradisional dalam Sektor Pariwisata." KAMBOTI: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 2, no. 2 (2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51135/kambotivol2issue2page91-98.

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Intellectual property (IP) protection is the important thing in protecting and utilizing the creations of human ideas. Creations can take many forms including inventions, arts and literaries, industrial designs, and others. IP not only regulates individual ownership but also concerns about communal ownership based on local culture. Nowdays, globalization affects the protection and utilization of IP including local culture. As one of important factor in global business, recognition of IP based on local culture has the opportunity to become a new advantage for the tourism sector in globalization era especially for tourism which managed by local communities. For example is the utilization of digital technology for tourism business based on local cultural IP which is useful for improving community welfare in terms of economic and moral benefits. the business will be globalized and opportunities for equitable use of local cultural IP will be widely opened. Digitalization will also facilitate the protection and utilization of local cultural IP in order to gain global recognition easily and make tourism sector based on local cultural IP to be more competitive with other countries in order to attract the attention of foreign tourists. This article is a normative with non judicial case study. The methods are statute and conceptual approaching method. The purpose of this article is to determine the form of protection and utilization of IP based on local culture that is ideal for tourism sector in the era of globalization.

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Günarslan, Banu Fatma. "Protection of IP Rights as an Investment." Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 73, no. 2 (2024): 1255–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1335404.

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Intellectual property (IP) rights are embedded as an asset under the definition of investment in most international investment agreements. These agreements ensure protection and promotion of investment. Where IP rights are treated as an investment, they do benefit from the protection standards afforded by the international investment agreements. However, it is highly debated that to what extent an IP right constitutes an investment. Does the inclusion of IP rights under the investment definition of agreement suffice to be qualified as an investment? Or are there any other requirements? Over the last few years, these questions have attracted considerable scholarly interest. This article aims to analyse protection of IP rights as an investment and legal issues deriving from intersection between IP law and international investment law. Accordingly, it will attempt to answer the question as to when IP rights constitute an investment. In this sense, the article will initially discuss the inclusion of IP rights under the definition of investment afforded by several investment agreements. Subsequently, protection of IP rights in ICSID Convention will be discussed critically. Thirdly, the article will try to underscore the roles of international investment law and domestic law in determining whether an IP right is investment.

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Sahil Somya Jha. "Intellectual property A catalyst for inclusiveness and empowerment." Jai Maa Saraswati Gyandayini An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 10, no. III (2025): 06–11. https://doi.org/10.53724/jmsg/v10n3.03.

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Intellectual Property (IP) plays a vital role in shaping modern economies and fostering innovation. It grants legal protection to creations such as inventions, artistic works, designs, and trademarks, enabling individuals and businesses to safeguard their intellectual assets. By securing exclusive rights, IP incentivizes creativity, attracts investments, and promotes technological advancements. A well-structured IP system not only benefits inventors but also bridges socio-economic gaps by providing equal opportunities for protection and commercialization. On a global scale, IP frameworks, particularly those developed under agreements like TRIPS, create a legal foundation for enforcing rights while ensuring public access to innovations. India has made significant progress in strengthening its IP regime through legislative reforms and policies such as the National IPR Policy (2016). Despite these efforts, challenges remain, including bureaucratic delays in registration, enforcement inefficiencies, and the need for stronger digital-era protections. Addressing these issues is essential to building investor confidence and fostering sustained economic growth. Historically, nations that prioritized innovation through effective IP policies—such as the Netherlands and Britain—experienced rapid economic expansion. In India, industries like biotechnology and information technology have thrived under IP protection, yet further improvements in enforcement mechanisms and streamlined registration processes are necessary. Key recommendations include expediting approvals, establishing dedicated IP tribunals, raising awareness, and updating laws to align with digital advancements. A robust IP framework serves as a catalyst for inclusivity by empowering creators, supporting economic development, and ensuring access to knowledge. Striking the right balance between protection and accessibility will pave the way for a more equitable and innovation-driven future.

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Researcher. "THE FUTURE OF IP PROTECTION: HARNESSING THE POWER OF AI LANGUAGE AND VISION MODELS." Journal of Advanced Research Engineering and Technology (JARET) 3, no. 1 (2024): 268–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12699654.

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The rapid proliferation of digital content has made protecting intellectual property (IP) rights increasingly difficult. However, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a powerful tool to revolutionize IP protection. This article explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can be integrated to comprehensively detect IP infringements across textual and visual content. LLMs, with their advanced natural language understanding capabilities, can identify unauthorized use of copyrighted text and trademarks. VLMs go a step further by analyzing both images and text to detect infringements that span both modalities. Integrating LLMs and VLMs enables automating much of the IP infringement detection process, allowing rights holders to respond more swiftly and effectively to violations. However, challenges remain, including the constantly evolving nature of infringements, the need for continuous AI model updates, and navigating ethical and legal considerations. Future directions in AI-driven IP protection are also discussed, such as deeper integration with IP management systems, using predictive analytics to proactively prevent infringements, and collaborating with regulators to establish standards and best practices. Ultimately, successfully leveraging AI in IP protection requires balancing effective enforcement with individual rights while fostering an innovation-friendly ecosystem.

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Jecker, Nancy S., and Caesar A. Atuire. "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines." Journal of Medical Ethics 47, no. 9 (2021): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2021-107555.

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This paper gives an ethical argument for temporarily waiving intellectual property (IP) protections for COVID-19 vaccines. It examines two proposals under discussion at the World Trade Organization (WTO): the India/South Africa proposal and the WTO Director General proposal. Section I explains the background leading up to the WTO debate. Section II rebuts ethical arguments for retaining current IP protections, which appeal to benefiting society by spurring innovation and protecting rightful ownership. It sets forth positive ethical arguments for a temporary waiver that appeal to standing in solidarity and holding companies accountable. After examining built-in exceptions to existing agreements and finding them inadequate, the paper replies to objections to a temporary waiver and concludes, in section III, that the ethical argument for temporarily waiving IP protection for COVID-19 vaccines is strong.

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Jiang, Qinhan. "An Empirical Analysis on the Effect of IP Protection on Economic Growth in Shenzhen." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 24 (January 22, 2024): 2336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/699d5879.

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This research paper examines the relationship between intellectual property (IP) protection and economic growth, with a specific focus on Shenzhen from 2014 to 2020. The study investigates the effect of IP protection measures, the combined effect of IP protection and investment, and the combined effect of IP protection and workforce on the total output. Previous literature has highlighted the positive influence of IP protection on economic growth in developed regions, but its impact in transitioning economies, like Shenzhen, remains less explored. Using a linear regression model, this research aims to provide insights into the interplay between IP protection, fixed investment, workforce size, and trade openness in the context of Shenzhen's economic development during the period under study. This will further clarify the connection of IPR to economic growth in a transitioning economy.

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Tumalavičius, Vladas, Nataliia Prykhodkina, Mariia Vovk, Serhiy Mytych, and Oksana Kustovska. "Legal impacts of digitization on intellectual property." Revista Amazonia Investiga 13, no. 74 (2024): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.74.02.18.

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The digital age has revolutionized the way intellectual property is created, shared, and protected. This article explores the legal aspects of IP protection in the digital age, focusing on the challenges and opportunities posed by digital technologies. The objective of this study is to analyze the evolving landscape of IP protection in the digital age, examining the impact of digitalization on traditional IP laws and regulations. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, conducting a comprehensive review of existing literature, laws, and regulations related to IP protection in the digital age. Content analysis and synthesis are used to illustrate key concepts and trends. The results of the study highlight the need for updated and harmonized IP laws to address the challenges posed by digital technologies. The study also identifies the importance of technological solutions, such as blockchain and digital rights management, in enhancing IP protection in the digital age. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of adapting IP laws and regulations to the digital age to ensure effective protection of IP rights. It also underscores the need for collaboration between governments, industries, and technology companies to develop innovative solutions for IP protection in the digital era.

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Kebede, Nahom M. "Assessment on the status, challenges and prospects of agricultural technologies intellectual property protection in Ethiopia." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 15, no. 1 (2024): 136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v15i1.5.

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Intellectual property right (IPR) is a broad term which describes the protections granted to the creators of IP, and includes; trademarks, copy right, patents, industrial designs, plant breeder’s traderight and in some jurisdictions secrets. The objective of this review is to show the status, challenges, and opportunities for agricultural technologies intellectual protection in the Ethiopian intellectual property regime. There are many agricultural technologies that have the potential to be protected by intellectual property. The results of this review article shows that there are several challenges for the protection of agricultural technologies IPR, including lack of awareness on the concept of IP, lack of clear policy direction for the protection of plant varieties, absence of IP assets creation mechanism, low level of institutional linkage among stakeholders, agricultural IPRs are complex in nature, poor organizational structure to register, and lack of experienced and well-qualified IP officials. But there are also prospects for agricultural technologies IPR protection. Some legal frameworks are in the process of revision, an independent authority for the agriculture sector has established, the Ministry of Agriculture has prepared the draft regulation for PBRs proclamation, amendment of the agricultural and rural development policy has in the process, and the country’s WTO accession process shows some improvement. In conclusion, the status of IP protection for agricultural technologies has not been well-developed and the registration of agricultural technologies is still null.

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Donner, I. H. "Will your IP protection provide the protection you expect." Computer 29, no. 7 (1996): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.511975.

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Marchenko, Volodymyr, and Alla Dombrovska. "FEATURES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN POLAND." Public Administration and Law Review, no. 2(18) (June 30, 2024): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2024-2-67-76.

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In today's interconnected global economy, the protection of intellectual property (IP) is crucial for fostering innovation and securing the economic interests of creators and inventors. As Poland continues to develop within Europe's dynamic market, understanding its IP protection mechanisms is essential for both domestic and international stakeholders. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted features of intellectual property protection in Poland, assessing its legal underpinnings, recent reforms, and broader economic and cultural impacts. Employing a diverse research methodology, this study combines a detailed literature review, documentary analysis, and comparative studies. The literature review examines existing Polish IP laws, scholarly articles, and international treaties, while the documentary analysis includes reports from Polish governmental agencies and reviews of judicial decisions shaping IP enforcement in Poland. The research highlights Poland’s robust legal framework aligned with EU standards, yet points to challenges in enforcement, particularly regarding digital piracy and judicial inefficiencies. Solutions such as specialized IP courts and enhanced online IP enforcement mechanisms are discussed. The role of various governmental and non-governmental bodies in raising public awareness and facilitating IP education is also emphasized as crucial for improving the overall IP protection landscape. The article suggests that while Poland has established a solid foundation for IP protection, continuous adaptation and improvement are necessary to address emerging challenges effectively. To improve the legal frameworks, invest in technology-driven enforcement tools, and foster a culture of respect for intellectual property among the public. These measures will protect creators' rights and strengthen Poland's reputation as a hub for innovation and creativity within the European Union.

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Koshy, Nisha Elma, and Binu K. Mathew. "IP PROTECTION USING WATERMARKING WITH OBFUSCATION." ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics 3, no. 1 (2017): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijme.2017.0063.

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Maguire, J. "Protect and survive [management IP protection]." Engineering & Technology 4, no. 11 (2009): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2009.1119.

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Colombier, Brice, Lilian Bossuet, and David Hély. "From secured logic to IP protection." Microprocessors and Microsystems 47 (November 2016): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2016.02.010.

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Khan, Saiful. "The Case for Robust IP Protection." New Electronics 52, no. 15 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)61405-6.

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Zhang, Yuanjia, Maisoun Sulfab, and Dennis Fernandez. "Intellectual property protection strategies for nanotechnology." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 6 (2013): 725–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2012-0089.

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AbstractThe field of nanotechnology has been widely recognized as comparable to biotechnology and digital information revolutions. As a general-purpose technology, nanotechnology is expected to have widespread applications across many critical industrial sectors. The growing market and competition require careful attention to intellectual property (IP) rights and strategies. The American patent system is currently going through the biggest reform since the passage of Patent Act of 1952, and many changes apply directly to the field of nanotechnology. This review discusses basic IP definitions, recent IP developments, and advanced protection strategies to better understand the status quo of IP specifically in nanotechnology. The potential impact from the patent system reform is also discussed.

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Hampton, Craig R., Akira Shimamoto, Christine L. Rothnie, et al. "HSP70.1 and -70.3 are required for late-phase protection induced by ischemic preconditioning of mouse hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, no. 2 (2003): H866—H874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00596.2002.

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We investigated the role of inducible heat shock proteins 70.1 and 70.3 (HSP70.1 and HSP70.3, respectively) in myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IP) in mice. Wild-type (WT) mice and HSP70.1- and HSP70.3-null [HSP70.1/3(–/–)] mice were subjected to IP and examined 24 h later during the late phase of protection. IP significantly increased steady-state levels of HSP70.1 and HSP70.3 mRNA and expression of inducible HSP70 protein in WT myocardium. To assess protection against tissue injury, mice were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. In WT mice, IP reduced infarct size by 43% compared with sham IP-treated mice. In contrast, IP did not reduce infarct size in HSP70.1/3(–/–) mice. Absence of inducible HSP70.1 and HSP70.3 had no effect, however, on classical or early-phase protection produced by IP, which significantly reduced infarct size in HSP70.1/3(–/–) mice. We conclude that inducible HSP70.1 and HSP70.3 are required for late-phase protection against infarction following IP in mice.

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Deviscour, Miranda. "„Zero Emission Nature Protection Areas“ – LIFE-IP ZENAPA." Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 101 (April 20, 2025): 201–2. https://doi.org/10.1127/sdgg/101/2025/25.

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Gao, Zhixun. "The Impact of Intellectual Property Protection on Technological Innovation - A Literature Review Incorporating New Quality Productive Forces in the Chinese Economy." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 69, no. 1 (2024): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/69/20240136.

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Abstract: This article explores the impact of intellectual property (IP) protection on technological innovation, particularly concerning Chinas recent emphasis on high-quality productivity. The paper reviews existing literature, discussing the differences in the effects of IP protection between developed and developing countries. This literature review shows that strengthened IP protection has a positive impact on technological innovation in China, but with a nonlinear relationship. The concept of new quality productive forces focuses on achieving high levels of quality and promoting disruptive technology innovation. Combining this concept, this article analyzes the influence of IP protection on its development and provides specific policy recommendations. Future studies should focus on empirical analysis to assess the actual effectiveness of IP protection within the existing policy framework. Appropriate evaluation systems are suggested to establish, and IP laws should be gradually improved so as to effectively facilitate Chinas technological innovation and industrial advancement.

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Ishola, Abdullahi Saliu, Isa Olawale Solahudeen, and Ibrahim Akangbe. "Intellectual Property Rights for Innovations on the Internet: The Islamic Law Requisites." Arab Law Quarterly 32, no. 4 (2018): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12324046.

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Abstract Intellectual property (IP) protection has attracted diverse views among Islamic law researchers, leading to its eventual acceptance on the premise of indirect legal authority by most Muslim scholars. This paper explores the preconditions that any innovation on the internet must meet to enjoy IP protection under Islamic law. It provides working tools for Muslims on the principles to be observed in seeking IP protection for any of their innovations. It also urges governments of Muslim countries which have hitherto refused to accord legal protection to IP on religious grounds to change their position.

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Zheng, Xinyue. "Research on Intellectual Property Protection in the International Cooperation of the New Energy Vehicle Industry under the Background of the "Belt and Road" Initiative." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 90, no. 1 (2025): 28–39. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2025.23198.

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Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China's new energy vehicle (NEV) industry faces a complex and dynamic legal and intellectual property (IP) protection environment in international cooperation. This study explores the impact of industrial policies and legal frameworks in Belt and Road countries on the IP protection of Chinese NEV companies, focusing on core technologies such as electronic control systems. Through a literature review, case studies, surveys, and expert interviews, the study identifies key IP risks faced by Chinese companies in international cooperation and outlines response strategies. It also compares IP protection laws in key Belt and Road countries, including Indonesia, Egypt, Brazil, and Italy. The findings highlight that IP protection is critical in technology transfer, market competition, and cross-border cooperation, and strengthening legal frameworks and international collaboration is essential for managing IP risks. Based on the research results, the study proposes practical and forward-looking IP protection strategies to support Chinese companies' cooperation and development in Belt and Road countries, offering theoretical and practical guidance for policymakers and industry associations.

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Schulz, Rainer, Martin K. Walz, Matthias Behrends, Till Neumann, Guido Gerken, and Gerd Heusch. "Minimal protection of the liver by ischemic preconditioning in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 1 (2001): H198—H207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h198.

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Ischemic preconditioning (IP) protects the rat liver. In pigs, in which hepatic tolerance to ischemia is similar to that in humans, information on IP is lacking. Therefore, in enflurane-anesthetized pigs, hepatic vessels were occluded for 120 min ( protocol 1) or 200 min ( protocol 2) without (control) and with IP (3 times 10 min ischemia-reperfusion each). In protocol 1, cumulative bile flow (CBF) during reperfusion was greater in IP (47.3 ± 5.2 ml/8 h) than in control (17.1 ± 7.8 ml/8 h, P < 0.05). ATP content tended to recover toward normal during reperfusion in IP, whereas it remained at ischemic levels in control. Serum enzyme concentrations increased similarly during reperfusion, and <1% hepatocytes were necrotic or stained terminal deosynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive in control and IP groups. In protocol 2, no differences in CBF, ATP, or serum enzyme concentrations during reperfusion were measured between control and IP groups, except for a somewhat reduced lactate dehydrogenase in IP. The number of necrotic or terminal deosynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive hepatocytes tended to be greater in the IP than the control group. Thus IP provides some functional protection against reversible ischemia but no protection during prolonged ischemia in pigs.

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Bin, Xu, and Tan Kay Chuan. "The Effect of Business Characteristics on the Methods of Knowledge Protections." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 2, no. 3 (2011): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2011070103.

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Intellectual property (IP) protection has been suggested to be essential in protecting innovation in product-dominant companies. However, with the development of service industries, the ineffectiveness in IP protection becomes manifest. Meanwhile, other knowledge protecting methods enable companies to maintain their competency without formal protection. This study examines the effectiveness of different means of knowledge protection. Specifically, business is classified according to companies’ offering nature, serving mode and consider about their business hardware. The effectiveness of protection methods is analyzed among these business types. Interviews were conducted with senior managers of 39 companies in China and Singapore. It is demonstrated that the choice of knowledge protecting method does not depend mainly on whether a company provides products or services, but on how the company produces and provides its offerings. It is found that the core competency of companies largely affects their attitude on whether to protect their offerings. It is found that in weak appropriability regimes, companies apply for patents not for their knowledge protection function, but for other benefits, such as getting awards or tax reductions, and improving reputation among customers.

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Antonova, Veronika M., Elena E. Malikova, and Mikhail S. Stepanov. "WAYS OF THE ASTERISK SOFTWARE PBX PROTECTION." T-Comm 17, no. 10 (2023): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2023-17-10-52-58.

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Network protection of the Asterisk software PBX widely used in modern info-communication networks is considered. This particular telephone exchange is used to set up telephone communications at the Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics. When connecting this software telephone exchange to IP networks, it is necessary to provide its protection to prevent it from being attacked by intruders. The Asterisk IP PBX has powerful protection tools. If properly applied, they can make the protection more reliable than that of some hardware IP PBXs. The protection system can be built in different ways. The most popular ones are the following types of protection: the iptables utility, the development of a proper network design involving the use of VLAN and VPN technologies, the utilization of Fail2Ban log file analyzer. Protection can also be implemented by means of DialPlan and developing a proper configuration of the Asterisk IP PBX.

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Sahasrabuddhe, L., S. Ramamurthy, and B. Mukherjee. "Fault management in IP-over-WDM networks: WDM protection versus IP restoration." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 20, no. 1 (2002): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.974659.

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Limongelli, Rocco, and Ludovica Sposini. "The (virtual) battle for intellectual property rights in the metaverse: The case of copyright, trademarks and the NFT technology." Metaverse 6, no. 1 (2025): 3056. https://doi.org/10.54517/m3056.

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<p>This paper examines the evolving challenges of intellectual property (IP) rights protection in the Metaverse, with particular focus on the intersection of traditional IP frameworks with emerging Non-fungible token (NFT) technology. While existing research has explored digital IP rights broadly, the unique characteristics of the Metaverse—its decentralized nature, platform interoperability, and novel ownership models—present unprecedented legal and technical challenges that warrant systematic investigation. The research addresses three key questions: 1) How do traditional territorial-based IP frameworks adapt to the borderless nature of the Metaverse? 2) What specific challenges does NFT technology present for trademark and copyright protection? 3) How can existing legal mechanisms be enhanced to provide effective IP protection in virtual environments? Through comparative analysis of recent case law from American and European courts, supported by examination of regulatory frameworks and technological capabilities, this study identifies critical gaps in current IP protection mechanisms. The analysis reveals that while NFTs offer new possibilities for digital rights management, their implementation raises complex issues regarding ownership verification, cross-platform rights enforcement, and jurisdictional authority. The paper proposes a three-tier framework for enhancing IP protection in the Metaverse: 1) Technical solutions incorporating blockchain-based verification systems with practical implementation considerations; 2) legal adaptations to address jurisdictional challenges; and 3) platform-level governance mechanisms. Each tier is evaluated against current technological constraints and legal precedents to ensure practical viability. This research contributes to both academic discourse and practical policy development by providing a structured analysis of Metaverse IP challenges and offering implementable solutions that balance innovation with rights protection. The findings suggest that effective IP protection in the Metaverse requires a hybrid approach combining adapted legal frameworks, technological solutions, and platform cooperation.</p>

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Gupta, Rajorshi Sen. "Risk Management and Intellectual Property Protection in Outsourcing." Global Business Review 19, no. 2 (2017): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713536.

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Firms organize business activities either in-house or outsource them to independent service providers. When making their organizational choice, firms face a trade-off between efficiency and loss of intellectual property (IP) when outsourcing. It is found that companies may gain from outsourcing even if there is possibility of IP misappropriation and moral hazard due to shirking. It is recommended that firms use a variable payment scheme linked to project outcome that would incentivize service providers to exert optimal effort in outsourcing projects. Moreover, when a task is outsourced in a weak IP regime, the optimal contract must implement a carrot and stick strategy comprising of limited IP sharing in conjunction with adequate incentive payments to the service provider.

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Liu, Xinmin, Yue Zheng, and Wencheng Yu. "The Nonlinear Relationship between Intellectual Property Protection and Farmers’ Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Analysis Based on CHFS Data." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 6071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076071.

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Using data from three rounds of the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2015, 2017 and 2019, this paper analyzes the impact and mechanism of the action of intellectual property protection on farm household entrepreneurship, based on institutional theory. It is found that: an inverted U-shaped relationship is shown between IPR protection and farm household entrepreneurship, but combined with the results of further research on farm household entrepreneurship performance, there is a positive effect of IPR protection and entrepreneurship performance. This indicates that excessive IPR protection, although limiting the number of entrepreneurship, boosts high-quality entrepreneurship; regional investment plays a mediating role between IPR protection and farm household entrepreneurship; and the results for IP protection and farmer opportunity entrepreneurship are the same as the baseline regression but have no significant effect on farmer initiative entrepreneurship, suggesting that IP protection more often increases farmers’ access to entrepreneurship. The above findings expand the application of “protecting intellectual property is protecting innovation” in farmers’ entrepreneurship and provide ideas for the implementation of intellectual property to promote, enrich and strengthen agriculture.

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Lin, Maria C. H. "IP ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 08, no. 10 (2004): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030304000850.

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Mihus, Iryna, Volodymyr Zahorskyi, and Andriy Lipentsev. "NAVIGATION IN E-GOVERNMENT: THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FORMATION OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS." Public Administration and Law Review, no. 3(19) (September 30, 2024): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2024-3-17-34.

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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into electronic government (e-government) systems is revolutionizing public administration by enhancing efficiency and improving service delivery. However, the adoption of AI technologies in this context also raises complex legal challenges, particularly concerning intellectual property (IP) rights. Traditional IP laws, which were developed with human authorship in mind, struggle to accommodate the unique characteristics of AI-generated content. This article examines how AI is reshaping the legal framework for IP protection within e-government systems, highlighting the implications and challenges that arise from this technological shift. The primary aim of this study is to explore the role of AI in the formation of IP law frameworks within e-government, focusing on how current laws address—or fail to address—the challenges of AI-generated content. The methodology includes a comprehensive literature review, analysis of legislative documents, case studies, and a benchmarking analysis to compare approaches across jurisdictions. Additionally, expert interviews provide insights into practical considerations and emerging trends in the field. The results indicate that while some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, are actively adapting their IP laws to address AI's impact, most existing frameworks remain inadequate for protecting AI-generated works. Divergent approaches across countries reveal a lack of international harmonization, which complicates cross-border collaboration and legal enforcement. The analysis also highlights the importance of public-private partnerships and sector-specific IP protections, which can address the unique needs of different e-government applications. From a forward-looking perspective, the study underscores the need for flexible, AI-specific IP protections that promote innovation while safeguarding IP rights. International cooperation will be essential for establishing consistent standards, facilitating global e-government initiatives, and supporting the responsible use of AI in public services. By fostering a balanced and adaptive IP framework, policymakers and stakeholders can help build a resilient digital ecosystem that accommodates future advancements in AI technology.

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Xinyi, Hu. "A Literature Review on Intellectual Property Protection." Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research 14 (December 23, 2024): 630–34. https://doi.org/10.62051/344wac63.

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This literature review examines the significance, challenges, and strategies for intellectual property (IP) protection in the context of globalization and technological advancements. It highlights the importance of IP protection in promoting innovation, maintaining market order, and safeguarding consumer rights. The review discusses challenges such as cross-border infringement, emerging technological threats, and lagging legal systems. It also explores strategies to address these challenges, including international cooperation, legal reform, public awareness-raising, and technological innovation. The paper concludes that a comprehensive and adaptive approach is essential to ensure that IP protection remains effective in the digital age, fostering creativity, competition, and progress.

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Grenz, Almut, Tobias Eckle, Hua Zhang, et al. "Use of a hanging-weight system for isolated renal artery occlusion during ischemic preconditioning in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 1 (2007): F475—F485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00275.2006.

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Renal failure from ischemia contributes to morbidity and mortality. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) represents a powerful strategy for kidney protection, and recent advances in transgenic mice may help elucidate its molecular mechanisms. However, murine IP is technically challenging and experimental details significantly influence results. Thus we developed a novel model for renal IP using a hanging-weight system for isolated renal artery occlusion. In contrast to previous models, this technique eliminates the need for clamping the vascular pedicle (artery/vein). In fact, assessment of renal injury after different time periods of ischemia (10–60 min) revealed highly reproducible increases in plasma creatinine and potassium levels, while creatinine clearance, urinary flow and potassium/sodium excretion were significantly attenuated. Using different numbers of IP cycles, we found maximal protection with four cycles of 4 min of ischemia-reperfusion. In contrast, no significant renal protection was observed with IP of the vascular pedicle. To assess transcriptional responses in this model, we isolated RNA from preconditioned kidneys and found time-dependent induction of erythropoietin mRNA and plasma levels with IP. Taken together, this model provides highly reproducible renal injury and protection by IP, thus minimizing variability associated with previous techniques based on clamping of the renal pedicle. Further studies on renal ischemia/IP in mice may consider this technique.

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Mylly, Ulla-Maija. "Preserving the Public Domain: Limits on Overlapping Copyright and Trade Secret Protection of Software." IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 52, no. 10 (2021): 1314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01120-3.

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AbstractThe traditional understanding of intellectual property (IP) suggests that each IP category has a discrete subject matter of its own and exceptions thereto. Based on such an understanding of IP law, one would assume that there would not be overlapping IP protection for the same subject matter or product features. However, this understanding does not hold water. It has been argued that the development of overlapping IP rights has intensified as the subject matter that can be protected has expanded through the introduction of new rights and as the scope of protection for existing rights has increased. What may be particularly problematic is that, when policymakers focus on one IP regime at time, any issues arising from IP overlaps may remain undetected. For quite some time, there has been a policy tendency towards broadening the scope of intellectual property protection, which has led to a decrease in scope for the public domain. This tendency shows that the value of the public domain has not been appropriately identified or at the least not appreciated. One way to define the public domain is as the sphere that is not protected by any form of IP. This article will focus on the overlaps created by the Software Copyright and Trade Secrets Directives with regard to the protection of software. The ultimate aim of the article is to query whether the combined effects of these two Directives could be interpreted in a way that limits the undesirable expansion of protection.

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Newbould, Rexford D., David L. Irby, Jo Dale Carothers, Jeffrey J. Rodriguez, and W. Timothy Holman. "Mixed signal design watermarking for IP protection." Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 10, no. 3 (2003): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ica-2003-10303.

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Nie, Tingyuan, Lijian Zhou, and Yansheng Li. "Hierarchical Watermarking Method for FPGA IP Protection." IETE Technical Review 30, no. 5 (2013): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0256-4602.123116.

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Vollenberg, Charlotte. "International Conference – IP Protection for Plant Innovation." GRUR International 69, no. 7 (2020): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa044.

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Jia, Hepeng. "China tightens IP protection, but concerns linger." Nature Biotechnology 27, no. 9 (2009): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0909-787.

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