Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anodes – Propriétés électriques – Mesure'
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Zhang, Wei. "Performance of lead anodes used for zinc electrowinning and their effects on energy consumption and cathode impurities." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27021/27021.pdf.
Full textHammi, Tarik. "Étude de méthodes de mesures et réalisation d'un banc de test pour l'évaluation des propriétés électrostatiques des textiles." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Hammi.pdf.
Full textLonguemart, Stéphane. "Nouvelle méthodologie pour la mesure des paramètres thermiques et pyroélectriques de matériaux solides pyroélectriques et cristaux liquides ferroélectriques." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0095.
Full textPyroelectric materials possess the remarkable property to generate an electric current when their average temperature is subject to variations. They are widely used in radiation detection devices or for infrared imaging. The response of the pyroelectric material to a light excitation is directly connected to its pyroelectric coefficient and its thermal parameters. The aim of this work was to propose a new methodology which allows the simultaneous measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient and the thermal parameters of pyroelectric materials. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the pyroelectric signal generated by the pyroelectric sample when it is irradiated by an intensity modulated radiation source. Different procedures have been presented for the determination of the thermal parameters of the pyroelectric material from the amplitude or the phase of the pyroelectric signal. In particular, two procedures not using frequency scans are proposed for the study of the thermal parameters as a function of temperature. The pyroelectric coefficient temperature dependence can be obtained from the amplitude of the pyroelectric signal. The methodology presented in this work is non destructive : the pyroelectric material can be used after its characterization or for other measurements. The validation of the method on solid pyroelectric materials and the first results obtained for a ferroelectric liquid crystal film shows that the method can be used for the characterization of pyroelectric materials of different types
Salome, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles méthodes de mesure des paramètres électriques et thermiques des matériaux : influence de l'humidité sur les propriétés électriques et thermiques des matériaux non métalliques." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10082.
Full textHadid, Mohammed Abderahmane. "Conception d'un dispositif de mesure des charges injectées dans les polymères sous champ alternatif divergent : application au vieillissement électrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30249.
Full textAbry, Jean-Christophe. "Suivi in situ d'endommagement dans les matériaux composites carbone/époxy par mesure des variations de propriétés électriques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11056.
Full textYousefi, Somaiieh. "Assessing the feasibility of applying ERT for the evaluation of electrical conductivity of green carbon anode." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27470.
Full textThe quality of anode especially from electrical resistivity aspect is important to the aluminum industry. The higher the current can pass through the anode by the means of lower electrical resistivity, the lower the energy would be lost. The purpose of present project is to evaluate the quality of anode from the electrical properties point of view. Anode consists of three phases; coke particles, binder matrix (pitch) and porosities or cracks. The electrical resistivity of anode is highly affected by the size (size distribution) and shape (shape distribution) of these phases. Therefore, it is essential to understand the conduction mechanisms of anode and to reveal the effect of anode microstructure on its electrical resistivity. In the present study, we attempted to create a map of electrical resistivity (or conductivity) of anode regarding the distribution of the phases. Feasibility of using Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) was assessed as a method for mapping the electrical resistivity distribution in carbon anode. The map is a computed image of the distribution of electrical resistance in 2-D slice through a conducting region. ERT is a process of estimating from voltage measurements at the domain of interest. ERT method involves with putting electrodes at the boundary, injecting the current to each pair and measuring the voltage from the remaining ones until each electrode once considered as the injecting electrode. While the measured voltages provide a matrix of measurements, the electrical potential inside the material would be calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). By comparing the measured and calculated voltages and minimizing the error and utilizing reconstruction algorithms, the conductivity image of the desired surface will be obtained. In the final analysis, the electrical images by ERT were evaluated using SEM microscope and XRF analysis. The comparison suggested a good correlation between the electrical images and the distribution of the phases in carbon anode.
Martin, Marie-Hélène. "Caractérisation des interfaces acier-fonte-carbone de l'ensemble anodique d'une cuve d'aluminium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30645/30645.pdf.
Full textThe aluminum industry faces economical headwinds, thus needing to reduce its operating costs. The project studies specifically energy losses at anode sealing location. Experiments were conducted from room conditions up to the maximum capacity of the bench test. Laboratory work was completed using tri-material samples (made in such a way to replicate accurately reality) and an innovative bench test using magnetic induction as a source of heat that enables minimal heat-up time and sample oxidation during experiments. Non-linear regression was then used to retrieve a model from laboratory results. Analysis showed that a power model represents accurately the interfaces behavior from room to operation conditions. Comparison with literature showed that the order of magnitude is the same but results are not similar. This observation can be explained by the use of slightly different materials and also due to the use of a different experimental procedure.
Enrici, Philippe. "Sur des méthodes de caractérisation de films diélectriques : Etude et développment d'un banc de mesure." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20139.
Full textFarcy, Alexis. "Optimisation des performances électriques appliquée aux interconnexions des circuits intégrés en présence de variabilité." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS040.
Full textThe contribution of interconnects to overal1 integrated circuit performance is increasing as lines and vias dimensions scale down. Designers' work is now impacted by technological constraints such as Cu resistivity increase or process variability, which affect electrical properties of interconnects. The development of innovative processes and materials in a limited time frame to ensure economical viability of each new generation is absolutely mandatory. This study aims at developing a methodology to predict the real impact of technological solutions on interconnect propagation performance in order to identify the most suitable solutions. After a review of the main innovations under development, the methodology proposed to predict the dependence of signal transmission on technological stack properties and process variability is presented. This approach is then applied to the case of the 32 nm technological node. The experimental results obtained based on the analysis of real circuits to define realistic simulation conditions lead to the extraction of analytic models suitable for statistical analysis. An optimisation of interconnect technological stack is then performed taking into account process variability to identify the most promising technological solutions to reach the required electrical specifications
Santana, José. "Mesure de charges d'espace dans les câbles de transport de l'énergie électrique." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20030.
Full textNguyen, Ngoc Tuan. "Mesure et modélisation des propriétés acoustiques des matériaux polymères et piézo-électriques : application à la réalisation de transducteurs ultrasonores haute température." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR3301.
Full textRobert, Pierre-Olivier. "Caractérisation des propriétés électriques, et du vieillissement de résistors à base de carbure de silicium." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10017.
Full textChateaux, Jean-François. "Conception et réalisation d'une cellule de caractérisation des tissus biologiques par spectroscopie de bioimpédance dans la gamme fréquentielle, 100 Hz-1MHz : application aux tissus osseux, prise en compte de l'anisotropie." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0238_CHATEAUX.pdf.
Full textFathallah, Tarek. "Développement d'un outil d'analyse transdisciplinaire, le sDEMA, appliqué à la compréhension du comportement mécanique non-linéaire d'élastomères renforcés." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS024.
Full textThis research work was carried out in collaboration between the LMOPS laboratory (UMR 5041 CNRS) and the 01dB Metravib (AREVA) company, which deals with the development of a new tool for multiscale composites characterization. The «sDEMA » (synchronised Dynamic Electro Mechanical Analysis) was developed to monitor the structural changes (through DC or AC electric measurements) that take place in a polymer submitted to a sinusoidal deformation. The analysis of carbon black filled elastomers exhibited a surprising non sinusoidal response, even at very low deformation. The FFT transformation of the resistivity signal revealed a meaningful series of harmonics. A phenomenological model developed at the filler-filler interaction scale successfully explained the influence of the temperature for the first two harmonics. At high deformations, the measurements permitted to shed some light on the Mullins and Payne effects. In summary, the sDEMA, appears as an excellent microstructural probe which will provide hints towards a better understanding of the fillers dynamics, and hopefully an improvement in the reinforced elastomers formulations
Jaspard, Frédéric. "Caractérisation diélectrique du sang par spectroscopie de bio-impédance dans la bande [1 MHz - 1 Ghz] : conception et réalisation d'une cellule de mesure." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10191.
Full textSalles, Laurent. "Effets du bombardement ionique sur les propriétés électriques du polycarbonate et du PMMA : mesure de la résistivité superficielle, des charges d'espace et analyse de la graphitisation induite." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2001.
Full textPolymers are well appreciated materials in the field of electric and electronic components manufacturing, due to their excellent volume insulating properties. However, they have poor surface antistatic properties. Processes like ion bombardment can solve this problem. Polycarbonate and polymethylmethacrylate have been implanted by ions of various weights at different fluences, extraction tensions and ion flows. Surface resistivity has been measured and it has been demonstrated that this treatment makes these values decrease up to 8 orders of magnitude, without changing the volume resistivity. The influence of each parameter has been studied: all of them make the resistivity decrease when they increase. Space charges trapped into the matter have been studied by the means of the Alternating Thermal Waves Method. The samples that have been treated on the strongest conditions are the ones with the lowest space charges density. Formation of graphite nano-clusters is reported in scientific publications to be the cause of the change in electrical properties. Raman spectrometry analyses have been performed to detect this change in chemical structure. Some of the less resistive samples exhibit the signs of this kind of carbon whereas others do not, probably because of their lower implantation depth. The analysis of one very resistive sample has surprisingly revealed that he also contains graphite nano-clusters
Pailloncy, Guillaume. "Propriétés hyperfréquences et de bruit de MOSFETs sur substrat massif et SOI jusqu'au noeud technologique 65 nm." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f0f0067b-4b12-4a0b-9726-bf671f3cb27d.
Full textArbenz, Laure. "Caractérisation des propriétés électromagnétiques des matériaux magnétiquement doux : application aux roues polaires de machine à griffes." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0010/document.
Full textElectrical energy conversion devices are based on the use of electromagnetic properties of iron and its alloys. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of these properties is required for the designers. The characteristics of the soft magnetic materials, typically those of a claw pole rotor, can be significantly impacted by the manufacturing processes. Consequently, these properties must be characterized directly on the manufactured magnetic piece. In this work, a non-destructive measurement method combining an operative approach and the finite element simulation is proposed to characterize the local electrical conductivity of the claw pole rotor. The choice of the experimental parameters associated to the claw pole rotor geometry is optimized using the Ishikawa diagram. Then, the measurement uncertainty is determined using two different approaches. This method is applied to perform a study on a population of claw pole rotors issued from the manufacturing chain. Secondly, the method is extended to incremental permeability measurement. Tests on thick sheets were realized to validate the proposed approach with the same type of sensor. Moreover, a complementary study in 3D finite element has emphasized the limitations of the analytical approach, especially when the permeability of the plate and its thickness become significant. Finally, this method is applied to the case of claw pole rotors through a qualitative approach for a quality control application
Ibrahim, Mouhamad. "Mesure de bioimpédance électrique par capteurs interdigités." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0307/document.
Full textThe characterization by impedance spectroscopy of biological micro samples is one of the objectives of this thesis. The well known polarization phenomena at low frequency is a constraint that increases the measurement error. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize the geometric structure of an interdigitated electrode sensor in order to obtain confident experimental results in an extended useful frequency band without a significant influence of the polarization effect. The first chapter synthesizes fundamental data on the electrical behavior of biological tissues and their electrical properties. A state of the art techniques of the fundamental impedance measurement based on micrometric electrodes is also presented. The second chapter developps a theoretical approach for optimization of the biosensor. This optimization is used to expand the usable measurement. Indeed, it leads to determine the optimum distance between electrodes versus electrode width. A 3D modeling of the electrode system loaded by a biological medium was simulated using ConventorWare and the results are discussed. In the third chapter, the devices developed in this work are described. Design and manufacture of the biosensor components are described. In the last chapter, measurements on microvolumes of fluids (standard solutions, human blood) using five micros sensors with interdigitated electrodes are presented and discussed. Finally we compare these results to published values in the literature and the optimization theory is experimentally validated
Finco, Cécile. "Étude de l’impact simultané des propriétés électriques, diélectriques et magnétiques du sous-sol sur la mesure géophysique par méthode électromagnétique inductive dans le domaine temporel (TDEM)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS103.
Full textThe geophysical electromagnetic inductive method in the time domain (TDEM) is used in fields such as hydrology or in mining exploration. It allows the establishment of electrical resistivity models of the subsurface. Using this methods with reduced acquisition loops with a width of only a few meters, makes the measurement more sensitive to additional parameters : the dielectric permittivity and the magnetic permeability. The present research work aims to acquire a small-loop TDEM sounding and to extract not only an electical resistivity model but also an estimation of the dielctric permittivity and of the magnetic viscosity. The acquisition of a small-loop TDEM sounding implies a increased sensitivity to the response from the acquisition system itself, in part because of the reduced distance between the transmission and reception loops. Simulations aiming to reproduce this system response have been carried out to be able to take it into account during the data processing step. A specific acquisition geometry is then proposed to ease the multi-parameter interpretation of the TDEM data. The effects from the electric, dielectric and magnetic properties of the ground are overlapping on the measurements in the central configuration. Using different geometry with lower sensivities to dielectric permittivity and magnetic viscosity should make the contribution of each parameter easier to isolate. These methological developments were then tested with field measurement on the test site of Garchy (Nièvre, France)
Belfarhi, Brahim. "Propriétés thermomécaniques des films minces utilises pour interconnecter les circuits intégrés : construction d'un appareil de mesure approprie, application à la caractérisation du nitrure de titane et à l’étude de la siliciuration du cobalt." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0105.
Full textThe fundamental mechanism knowledge of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the interconnection metallic and dielectric thin films is needed to improve the integrated circuit fiability. The experimental anal sis of such a behaviour becomes possible if the stress developed in the film during a thermal treatment, defined by the phenomena to be studied, may be measured. When we start this study, we have to built a relevant equipment because none was available on the market. The different parts of our equipment are : a) a vacuum chamber in which the ten inch wafer is set, b) a twenty five kW rapid thermal annealing system made of twelve halogen lamps, c) an optical device able to rapidly measure, every twenty fifth second if necessary and precisely the wafer profile and curvature radius, d) at last a PC AT which drives the optical device and precisely control the wafer temperature according to a predefine set point law. The obtained results are then analysed using an other program. Our equipment allows us to show that : a) titanium nitride deposited on silicon by reaction of ammonia with titanium tetrachloride behaves as an elastic material, b) the orthorhombic silicide, resulting from the thermal interaction between silicon land cobalt, is stress free
Bayoda, Kossi Djidula. "Propriétés électriques, optiques et mécaniques d'une décharge de surface à barrière diélectrique nanoseconde pulsée. Application à la mesure de vitesse pariétale et au contrôle des écoulements aérodynamiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2319/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study new design of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in 3 electrodes configuration: the sliding discharge (SL-DBD), to compare it to the conventional nanosecond DBD in 2 electrodes geometry (NS-DBD) and to show also its capacity to be used as a friction velocity or wall shear stress sensor and to be used as electromechanical actuator for flow control.In its first part, the electrical properties of these two discharges are characterized and point out the key parameter governing the transition of one regime to another. The visualizations with an intensified camera confirm this transition when the mean electric field increases over 6.5 kV/cm. Therefore they extend further and cover the inter-electrode gap. Mechanical diagnostics (Schlieren and pressure measurements) characterize the pressure wave generated by these discharges. In the second part, the electrical characterization of the SL-DBD under flow conditions shows that the courant « collected » by the third electrode is almost proportional to the wall flow velocity. However, even if other studies needed to be performed, these encouraging results reveal the ability of the SL-DBD to be used as a friction velocity or a wall shear stress sensor. Finally, the third part is addressed to the effect of the SL-DBD on aerodynamics flows in order to manipulate them. Several configurations are studied (airfoil, backward facing step, flat plate) and the results have shown the complexity of the physicals phenomena governing the control authority, without being able to fully explain them
Agnel, Serge. "Mesures de charges d'espace dans les oxydes diélectriques par la méthode de l'onde thermique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20124.
Full textMouhsen, Azeddine. "Méthode de mesure large bande (1 MHz - 3 GHz) des propriétés électriques de matériaux à haute température : application à l'étude des relaxations dans les céramiques BaTiO₃ et PLZT." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10556.
Full textLabidi, Fathi. "Préparation et étude de couches minces de fluorure de lanthane destinées à la réalisation de membranes sensibles pour capteurs." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10585.
Full textCochrane, Cédric. "Développement d'un système de mesure d'allongement pour voilure de parachute." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Cochrane.pdf.
Full textPark, So Jeong. "Propriétés électriques et modélisation des dispositifs MOS avanvés : dispositif FD-SOI, transistors sans jonctions (JLT) et transistor à couche mince à semi-conducteur d'oxyde amorphe." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954637.
Full textKarray, Mayssa. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques et électriques des matériaux composites par méthode holographique numérique 3D et analyse diélectrique." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793179.
Full textSteyer, Philippe. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur les propriétés mécaniques, la résistance à la corrosion et la passivation de grilles positives des batteries au plomb destinées au véhicule électrique (Ca, Sn, Ag et dans une moindre mesure, In et Ge)." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0146_STEYER.pdf.
Full textKaoukab-Raji, Jaber. "EPVOM et caractérisation de couches de Ga1-xInx(Asy)Sb1-y pour la photodétection au-delà de 2 micromètresEtude des mécanismes de croissance du Ga1-xInxSb." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20059.
Full textCapdeville, Stéphanie. "Couches minces de ferrites spinelles à propriétés semiconductrices destinées à la réalisation de microbolomètres." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009540.
Full textTorres-Canas, Fernando José. "Tintas y materiales compuestos anisotrópicos basados en nanotubos de carbono." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS142/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the study of inks, composites and deposits of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The control of dispersion and orientation of nanotubes in such nanostructured composites materials allows to optimize their properties, and especially their electrical and optical properties.The first part of the work is devoted to the optimization of dispersion of SWNT in aqueous suspensions stabilized by bile salts surfactants, and to the study of their optical properties, and especially their near infrared photoluminescence (PL). Dispersion of the nanotubes is probed by absorption spectroscopy. We show that their absorption coefficient is very sensitive to the individualization of the nanotubes. On the other hand, we revisit the interpretation of the PL spectra excited in the near infrared (especially at 1.17 and 1.58 eV), and we assign the different peaks to different mechanisms, namely direct excitonic transitions, exciton-phonon coupling, and energy transfer between nanotubes. We show that the evolution of PL intensity as a function of individualization allows to distinguish the different mechanisms.The second part of the work is dedicated to the preparation of aqueous suspensionsstabilized by hydrosoluble polymers (PVA and PVP), and SWNT/polymer composites, without surfactants. SWNT suspensions are mixed with polymer solutions, and then the surfactant is removed by dialysis. The yield, i.e. the relative concentration of SWNT in the dialyzed suspension, is ~75 times higher than for a suspension prepared directly with polymers. On the other hand, PL signatures are sensitive to the dielectric environment of the nanotubes which allows to evidence an exchange between the dispersing agents bile salts/PVA on the nanotube surface, such an exchange is not observed in the case of PVP.In the third part of the thesis, we use the inkjet printing technique to print continuous micrometric lines of SWNT, and we propose original methods to study their morphology and their anisotropy. The morphology of the deposits varies between two limit cases, an homogeneous deposit and a ‘‘pair of tracks'', by varying nanotube concentration in the inks, inter-drop distance and substrate temperature. The orientation of the nanotubes is very high at the edge of the deposits (orientational order parameter S between 0.6 y 0.9), the nanotubes are well-oriented as well in the tracks (S~0.5) and to a lesser extent in the homogeneous lines (S~0.3)
Lachance-Quirion, Dany. "Étude par transport électrique de points quantiques colloïdaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29510/29510.pdf.
Full textBarrau, Sophie. "Elaboration et étude du comportement électrique et mécanique de composites nanotubes de carbone-polyépoxy." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30257.
Full textThe preparation of insulating matrix composites with conductive fillers at rate higher than the percolation threshold allows to insure electrical conductivity. The study has been performed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) – polyepoxy composites for different carbon nanotubes – polymer interfaces : gross CNTs, CNTs treated by amphiphilic molecules or CNTs functionalised by covalent bonds. CNTs used are mostly single- and double-walled. CNTs are synthesized by CCVD (Catalytic Chemial Vapor Deposition). Experimental procedures adapted to the interface nature, were set up in order to prepare CNTs – polyepoxy composites containing few wt % of CNTs. The dispersion of carbon nanotubes is checked by Scanning Electronic Microscopy. The electrical conductivity is measured as a function of carbon nanotubes content. The electrical study of different composites is performed by Dielectrical Dynamic Spectrometry. Variations of dielectrical relaxations of insulating samples and the study of charges transports of conducting composites are analysed. The use of a dispersant (no-covalent bonds) increase carbon nanotubes dispersion whereas covalent functionnalization imply a modification of intrinsic properties of composites responsible of the decrease of electrical properties. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites measured by Mechanical Dynamic Spectrometry aren’t perturbed by carbon nanotubes
Lorenzini, Philippe. "Multi-configurations et état de charge du centre DX dans l'alliage AlxGa1-xAs dopé Si." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20153.
Full textSoubiron, Thibaut. "Jonctions nanométriques à base d'électrodes ou de nanofils en siliciure de titane." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Soubiron.pdf.
Full textBouhana, Emmanuel. "Analyse du comportement petit signal du transistor MOS : contribution à une nouvelle approche d'extraction et de modélisation pour des applications RF." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333413.
Full textNgo, Thanh Tuan. "Contribution à la mesure de bioimpédance électrique de cellules biologiques par micro-capteurs interdigités : optimisation, conception et validation de capteurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0077/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the design and realization of interdigitated sensors for the electrical characterization of the biological medium within the frequency range: 100 kHz - 10 MHz. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize the geometry of the sensor structure according to the specificities of the interdigitated electrodes structure. This optimization leads to widen the measurement frequency range by reducing the effects of polarization at low frequency. The first chapter synthesizes the basics and fundamentals relative to the electric behavior of biological tissues as well as to their electric properties. The second chapter concerns a theoretical approach for the optimization of the sensor to widen the useful frequency band of measurement; this chapter also presents a new method to determine the parameters of the double layer at the contact interface between the electrodes and the biological medium. A three-dimensional modelling of the system, the electrodes being loaded with a biological medium, is implemented using ConventorWare® software and the results discussed in the third chapter. The results obtained allow us to evaluate the influence of the geometrical parameters of the interdigitated structure of the sensor as well as the dielectric properties of the medium on the bioelectric impedance. In the fourth chapter, the devices developed during this thesis are described. The design and the manufacturing of components are presented. The last chapter deals with the experimental measurements obtained with very small volumes of the different solutions (standard solutions, human blood) using five micro sensors that we built in the laboratory. The measurements as well as the validation of the theoretical approach are discussed. Finally we have compared our results with published values in the literature and validated our experimental and theoretical approaches developed in this work
Saiter, Jean-Marc. "Coordinence des atomes de bismuth dans les alliages amorphes de sélénium bismuth : étude par relaxation structurelle et mesure de conductivité." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES022.
Full textFu, Yi. "Conception, fabrication et expérimentation de systèmes microfluidiques de CULTU." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1165/document.
Full textIn this PhD project, two in vitro cell culture devices were developed via microfabrication technologies, which provided entirely new levels of controls over the cell culture microenvironment. The applications of the developed devices in cancer and neurobiology researches were demonstrated, specifically for the fundamental study of cancer metastasis and neural axonal pathfinding. The microfluidic transmigration chip used microchannel structures to mimic the tissue capillaries along the path of cancer cell metastasis. The transparent optical qualities of the device allowed good observation of the deformation and migration of cells in the artificial capillaries. Results showed that deformation of the stiff cell nucleus were the most time-consuming steps during the transmigration process. The physical restrictions not only changed the morphology of the cells, but also significantly affect their migration profile. Further studies on the molecular contents and biological properties of the transmigrated cells showed that blocking the histone modifications by specific drug can inhibit the transmigration of cancer cells in the microchannel, which might have implications on cancer prevention and treatment. The microfluidic chip can also be used to evaluate cell deformability, which is a potential prognostic marker for cancer diagnosis. The neural culture chip integrated microfluidic cell culture and protein patterning techniques. The somas and axons of neurons cultured in the device can be polarized into different fluidically isolated environments for long period, and the extension of the axons can be guided by proteins immobilized on the glass substrate into specific patterns. The oriented axon growth can be further modulated by localized drug treatment. Studies on the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that these processes were closely associated with the proteins synthesized locally in the tips of growing axons
Abbadi, Amal. "Développement des réseaux de capteurs sans fil noyés dans le béton pour la surveillance des ouvrages de génie civil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10195/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to conduct research on the use of contactless technologies for structural health monitoring. The research involves scientific and technological developments to understand the functioning of wireless sensor networks in a heterogeneous environment composed of cement, aggregates, water and frames. First, our studies focus on reflection and transmission coefficients measurements of electromagnetic waves in the concrete. The realization of a communication between two Patch antennas embedded in concrete confirmed concrete moisture effect on radio waves attenuation. This analysis led to the identification of the dielectric properties of concrete at 860 MHz frequency. Later we studied the effect of various reinforced bar configurations (rebar placement, rebar radius, rebar period) on reflection and transmission coefficients. Then we studied and optimized a wireless sensor network topology to be embedded in concrete. The optimization takes into account the characteristics of sensor nodes, link budget between the communicating sensor node and the gateway and the lifespan of a node. Finally, the design and realization of a "reinforced concrete structure" of 3 m height enable to validate the different studies discussed during the thesis work. This reinforced concrete structure is an instrumented demonstrator of wireless sensor network enabling the knowledge of internal temperature, humidity and strain evolutions of a reinforced concrete in six critical areas of the structure