Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antituberculeux'
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Karrakchou, Ilham. "Thérapie anti-tuberculeuse : son application au Maroc." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P036.
Full textJORET, PUILLANDRE CHANTAL. "Histoire des dispensaires antituberculeux en ille-et-vilaine." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M141.
Full textGARREAU, DOMINIQUE JACQUES. "Lupus vulgaire : etude generale et traitement antituberculeux court." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13823.
Full textNASSEAU, JOELLE. "Chimiotherapie antituberculeuse : evolution des problemes de resistance et de tolerance medicamenteuse de 1975 a 1990 a propos de 92 cas." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31043.
Full textMeyssonnier, Vanina. "Epidémiologie de la tuberculose et de la résistance aux antituberculeux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833269.
Full textQuémard, Annaïk. "Action d'un antituberculeux, l'isoniazide, sur la biosynthèse des acides mycoliques." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30125.
Full textLi, Xu-Wen. "Bio-inspired formal synthesis of the antitubercular hirsutellones & Biomimetic synthetic studies toward the respiratory chain inhibitors aurachins." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066738.
Full textLes hirsutellones sont des polycétides fongiques possédant une structure intéressante avec un noyau decahydrofluorène (tricycliques) et un macrocycle particulièrement contraint à 12- ou 13- chaînons. S'inspirant d'une hypothèse de biosynthèse sur le squelette des hirsutellones, nous avons envisagé une stratégie biomimétique pour la synthèse totale de l'hirsutellone B, par l'intermédiaire d'un précurseur polyinsaturé linéaire. Dans cette thèse, nous décrirons la synthèse de plusieurs acides tétramiques et polyènes linéaires intermédiaires, ainsi que les tentatives de leur couplage et de macrocyclisation. En outre, grâce à un précurseur polyène linéaire porteur de groupes fonctionnels nucléophile et électrophile, nous présenterons la cyclisation électrophile biomimétique suivie d'une réaction IMDA vers le noyau tricyclique de hirsutellone B, et donc la réalisation d'une synthèse totale formelle des hirsutellones A, B et C. Dans le cadre de la recherche de composés biologiquement actifs, des alcaloïdes inhibiteurs de la chaîne respiratoire, les aurachines de type isoprénoïde-quinoléine, ont attiré notre attention pour réaliser leur synthèse qui a été inspiré par une autre hypothèse biosynthétique. Par conséquent, la première synthèse totale de l'aurachine D et de ses analogues de chaîne ou de cycle aromatique sera présentée. Une cascade d'ouverture d'époxyde suite à une hydrogénation sera décrite vers la synthèse d'analogues de l'aurachine H. Une nouvelle hypothèse de biosynthèse sera également présentée de l’aurachine C au B. Enfin, leurs activités biologiques ont été extensivement étudiées par nos collaborateurs et seront résumées
LELOUP, HUGUES. "Essai a propos de l'histoire des traitements de la tuberculose pulmonaire : apport du traitement medical." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13065.
Full textChollet, Aurélien. "InhA, cible pour de nouveaux antituberculeux : étude cristallographique, synthèse et évaluation d'inhibiteurs." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2536/.
Full textTuberculosis remains a scourge in the world with nearly 8. 6 million new cases and 1. 3 million deaths in 2012. The emergence of resistant strains to current treatment highlights the increasing need to discover new therapeutic targets and new classes of chemical compounds. Isoniazid is a first-line drug acting as a prodrug whose active metabolite primarily targets the InhA protein. This protein is an NADH-dependent enzyme having a key role in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, essential elements of the mycobacterial cell wall. With this specificity, InhA protein has become a prime target in the design of new highly specific TB drugs. Initially, we were interested in solving the three-dimensional structure of the InhA protein in its apo form (without ligand) and in the presence of a cofactor molecule, NADH. Soaking assays of the binary crystal InhA:NADH were performed with the active form of isoniazid, pre-formed by a biomimetic approach. These results highlighted the preferential binding of 4S keto amide adduct, pre-formed outside the active site of InhA. In an opportunistic manner, we highlighted an original orientation of triclosan, a broad spectrum antibacterial molecule targeting InhA protein, within the active site of InhA which consequently could guide the design of new derivatives. We also developed a synthetic strategy based on the azaisoindolinone scaffold previously identified as potentially active in both the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of the InhA protein and on the growth of M. Tuberculosis. Meanwhile, we relied on the structure of compound GENZ10850 to develop derivatives both more effective on the InhA protein and displaying ex vivo activities on mycobacterial strains
Zarate, Ruiz Griselda Araceli. "Vers la synthèse totale de la Thuggacine A." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0002.
Full textThe herein presented study is concerned by the synthesis of the C12-C25 fragment of Thuggacine A, a potent antibiotic macrolide, through two distinct synthetic pathways. The first synthetic pathway enabled us to form 4 among 5 stereogenic centers from (R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide. The key induction asymmetric step showed that the 3 chiral centers C18-C20 were formed with a syn-configuration as in Thuggacine A and the C17-C18 stereocenters were anti-configurated, a result confirmed by X-ray cristallography of compound 84. Low yields and low diastereocontrol of these four chiral centers led us to envisage an alternative synthetic strategy. The second synthetic pathway enabled us ti obtain the C13-C25 fragment within ten linear steps and a high diastereocontrol of the five required stereogenic centers. The 4 chiral centers C-17 to C-20 were formed through two Evans's aldolization steps while the stereochemistry of the C16 center was secured by an allenyl-stannane homologation
Frénois, Frédéric. "Etudes structurales du facteur de transcription EthR de Mycobacterium tuberculosis impliqué dans la résistance à l'antituberculeux éthionamide : progrès dans l'analyse structurale des interactions entre le récepteur nucléaire LXRβ humain et des ligands candidats médicaments." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S004.
Full textPart1: Ethionamide (ETH) is a second-line drug used for the treatment of patients infected by multiresistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although ETH is a structural analogue of isoniazid, only a weak cross-resistance to these two antibiotics is observed. Two genes have been identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, RV3854c (ethA) and Rv3855 (ethR) as being involved in ETH resistance. The gene ethA codes for a flavin monooxygenase and the gene ethR codes for a trancription factor that belongs to the TetR/CamR family. The monooxygenase EthA is able to process ETH from an inactive form to an active form by S-oxydation, revealing that ETH is a pro-drug. The gene ethR codes for a transcriptional repressor which regulates negatively the expression of EthA. EthR interacts with the 75 bp promoter region of ethA (Engohand-Ndong et al. , 2004) and is thus responsible for the low activation of ETH by EthA. Unlike other TetR/CamR family members which classically bind operator region of 15bp, EthR recognizes an unusually wide region of 55bp with eight molecules of EthR binding cooperatively to the operator. From a mechanistic point of view, all these functional data are awaiting structural analyses in order to be characterized at the molecular level. This is the purpose of the first part of the thesis. We have carried out a structural study of EthR expressed in E. Coli K-12 strains, and we have determined the first 3D structure of EthR by the SAD (Single Anomalous Diffraction) method. The structure reveals the presence of a fortuitous ligand that has been captured during protein expression, identified by mass spectrometry as a molecule of hexadecyl octanoate (HexOc). The structural analysis also reveals that the HexOc is able to induce EthR, resulting in a conformation unable to bind to its DNA target operator. As EthR is a repressor from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we have subsequently expressed it in Mycobacteria, in oder to investigate whether the protein was also able to capture a ligand in an homologous expression host. Thus EthR was expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis, purified and crystallized. We have determined this 3D structure by the molecular replacement method. The structure analysis has revealed the presence of a fortuitous ligand similar in chemical composition to that identified in the " E. Coli " structure. Identification of this ligand by mass spectrometry has been so far unsuccessful. Nevertheless its characterization from the electron density suggests that true EthR ligands may be related to pathways of synthesis or degradation of mycolic acids in Mycobacteria. On the other hand, the presence in E. Coli of molecules such as the HexOc remains unexplained. Expression of EthR in another E. Coli strain (C41) revealed that the HexOc was not present anymore in the ligand binding site, but was replaced by cyclic molecules that were still able to induce EthR. Altogether, these structural data have allowed to define a pharmacophore expected to induce EthR in a conformation unable to bind to its DNA operator. In partnership with the microbiology and chemistry teams, aprogram of structure-based drug design has been initiated. The first hits have been identified, and two of the most promising compounds have been co-crystallized with EthR. These structures are presented. From a therapeutic point of view, these compounds would allow to act in synergy with ETH, by increasing ETH activation by EthA, thus reducing the ETH doses required to treat the patients, lowering the important side effects of this drug. Finally we have studied EthR at a more fondamental level by analysing structures of several mutants expressed in E. Coli K12. These mutants were designed in oder to investigate important features of the ligand binding site that were highlighted from previous structural analyses. Part 2: LXRs (Liver X Receptors) are important nuclear receptors that target several genes associated to the transport and regulation of cholesterol. In particular, they act on gene products blocking the accumulation of cholesterol in artherosclerosis lesions, a major cause of cardiovascular deseases. The research of LXRs agonists constitutes at the present time a very active domain in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the second part of the thesis was to progress in the structure determination of the ligand binding domain (LBD) of LXRβ in complex with ligands that are drug candidates. We have developed an expression and purification protocol for this nuclear receptor, which underlines the crucial rôle of the ligand in the stabilization of LXRbeta. We hav first studied the expression of LXRβ with its natural steroid agonist epoxycholesterol, evaluating this way the expression capabilities of the various plasmid constructions elaborated in collaboration with the " Laboratoires Fournier ". Next we have turned to other ligands designed and synthesized by our collaborators, in order to improve the expression level and the stability of the LXRbeta LBD, with the hope to increase our chances of getting crystals. One ligand has allowed us to obtain small crystals that appeared after 5 months with a commercial kit. This condition has been subsequently refined and allowed to obtain crystals that could be used in diffraction experiments. Diffraction data have been determined by the molecular replacement method with a diffraction data set limited at 4Å resolution, is briefly presented. Unfortunately this limited resolution does not allow us to already discuss ligand binding in LXRbeta. We are now in the process of improving the quality of these initial crystals, in order to be able to characterize the ligand binding process at the molecular level
Tran, Ngoc Chau. "Conception, synthèse et développement de nouveaux composés antituberculeux selon une approche par fragments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S013/document.
Full textIn 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Tuberculosis (TB) as a global public health emergency. Over 20 years later, this infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major public health problem. Despite the significant progress in the fight against TB worldwide, WHO estimates that 9 million people contracted the disease in 2013 and 1.5 million died in that year. In addition, the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) requires the development of new tools and new therapeutic strategies. Recently, two new compounds, bedaquiline and delamanid were approved in MDR-TB treatment in order to strengthen the actual MDR-TB chemotherapy. Nevertheless, there is always the possibility that the tubercle bacillus can quickly develop resistance related to the mechanism of action of these new drugs. Therefore, the actual therapeutic arsenal must be strengthened. This thesis is based on the discovery and optimization of new anti-TB compounds starting from the screening of small molecules called fragments.The first part of this thesis is the continuation of the research project which was started during the thesis of Baptiste Villemagne. This work aims to develop compounds that can boost the activity of ethionamide, a second-line drug used to treat MDR-TB. The transcriptional repressor EthR has been validated as a key element in the bioactivation of ethionamide. EthR inhibitors were identified using a fragment-based approach and were optimized to potentiate the activity of ethionamide in vitro. However, the low microsomal stability of the lead compound has limited its use in vivo. The metabolism study of the lead compound and key structural modifications allowed a development of new potent EthR inhibitors having acceptable pharmacokinetic and physico-chemical properties for in vivo testing.The second part of this thesis focused on the synthesis of MabA inhibitors. MabA is a mycobacterial β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase involved in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, precursors of mycolic acids, which are major constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. This enzyme has been shown to be essential for the survival of the bacteria but until now no inhibitor has been identified. Screening of a library of fragment molecules on MabA was performed via two different assays (affinity assay using TSA and an enzymatic assay). The identified hits were re-synthesized and tested in a functionnal assay. The optimization steps to improve the activity of the hits are also described. Compounds with activity in the micromolar range were discovered.In the third part, a design and synthesis of new fragments is described. The aim of this project is to build a collection of original fragments showing a 3D-structure scaffold amenable for rapid derivatization. The fragments that contain an original isoxazoline motif were synthesized from alkenes and aldoxime as starting building-blocks by using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The conformational analysis of these structures has shown that they were, as expected, able to deploy substituents in the 3D space. The experimental solubility of these fragments was also measured and the results demonstrated that these molecules are suitable for the screening against new biological targets to help kick-start hit discovery program
Mbwe, Mpoh Maurice. "Sécurité des antituberculeux utilisés dans la prise en charge de la tuberculose multirésistante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0468.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Koch’s bacillus. It is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, and the most common infectious cause of death, surpassing HIV/AIDS. The development of resistances due to misuse of anti-tuberculosis drugs has resulted in new forms of TB, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). MDR-TB is a particularly dangerous form of tuberculosis, characterized by its resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin, the two main and most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs. Developing countries, including Cameroon, are heavily affected. Effectively treating MDR-TB requires the combination of several drugs over several months. Indeed, from 2016 to 2020 the World Health Organization recommended the use of shorter treatment regimen for MDR-TB patients. This lasts for 9–11 months and is divided into two phases: An intensive phase, and a continuous ambulatory phase. The intensive phase involved 4–6 months of daily treatment with 6 antibiotics (moxifloxacin, protionamide, isoniazid high-dose, clofazimine, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) associated with kanamycin or amikacin. The continuous ambulatory phase had a fixed treatment duration of 5 months with 4 antibiotics: Moxifloxacin, clofazimine, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The aim of this thesis was to assess the safety of anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the management of MDR-TB in Cameroon. Initially, we conducted a study to assess the safety profile of treatments used for MDR-TB in the main TB treatment center or hospital in Cameroon. This study identified aminoglycoside-related deafness as the main cause of treatment change or discontinuation. Secondly, we assessed compliance with WHO recommendations on MDR-TB treatment, as well as patient persistence with the program and the treatment. This study revealed very strong compliance with the WHO recommendations, although a progressive decline in persistence was recorded notably during the continuation phase. Finally, in view of the fact that during the course of our thesis, aminoglycosides were replaced by bedaquiline in the WHO-standardized MDR-TB treatment regimen, due to ototoxicity and other problems, we carried out a preliminary study on the safety and persistence of the new MDR-TB regimen. This work showed that ototoxicity problems disappeared, and that treatment persistence improved, while highlighting the risks of joint pain and cardiac problems associated with the new regimen. These results demonstrate that MDR-TB treatment regimens in Cameroon are consistently associated with adverse drug reactions despite changes in the medicines used. Thus, there is a need to implement a strong drug safety monitoring system which will allow health care providers and policy makers to continuously evaluate the safety profile of drugs in use and improve clinical outcomes. As the current treatment regimen is now bedaquiline-based, the strict monitoring of cardiovascular events is vital since other drugs like clofazimine, and moxifloxacin can also prolong the QT interval
NORMAND, DE LA TRANCHADE MARC. "La resistance du bacille de koch aux antituberculeux a la martinique : etude de 133 souches resistantes de 1974 a 1987." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25227.
Full textMatviiuk, Tetiana. "Conception, synthèse et activités biologiques de 1,3-pyrrolidines-2,5-diones disubstitués comme agents antituberculeux potentiels." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2650/.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones and evaluation of their inhibitory activity against InhA protein and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In particular, new catalytic condition of the Michael reaction were found. Lewis acids (such as: AlCl3, ZnCl2 and LiClO4) are developed as efficient catalysts for series of conjugate addition of maleimides to nucleophilic heterocycles. New conditions enabled efficient synthesis of 3-heteryl substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones. Double-conjugate addition products were obtained in the reactions with 2-aminopyridines and 2-aminothiazoles under mild conditions in presence of catalytic amount of lithium perchlorate. The possible mechanism of the formation of desired products is proposed. The structure of new potential inhibitors of InhA protein were designed using molecular modeling and in silico screening tools. Key structure of 3-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione identified from the docking studies was synthesized in two different approaches. The series of N-substituted derivatives of this scaffold with divers substituents were synthesized to identify structure-activity relationships. Moreover the series of ß-amides of 2-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-succinic acid were also synthesized. Identified and optimized condition of reduction of 3-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione using borane dimethyl sulfide complex have enabled prparation of two desired products in one reaction with quantitative yields. The series of corresponding compounds with pyrrolidone and pyrrolidine ring were obtained. The reactions of 3-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and its N-substituted derivatives with lithium aluminium hydride were investigated. Tandem reduction/oxidation of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and fluorenyl rings was performed using 4 equivalents of LiAlH4 under air, affording the series of corresponding 9-hydroxy fluorenyl derivatives in good yields. Possible mechanism of oxidation of 9-substituted fluorenyl compounds is proposed. Three families of synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for the inhibition of InhA enzyme and M. Tuberculosis growth. Almost all of synthesized compounds have shown good inhibitory activity against InhA and/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv strain). Some of evaluated compounds could represent new leads for the development of drug candidates
Carette, Xavier. "Etude du contrôle de la bio-activation de l'éthionamide et applications thérapeutiques antituberculeuses." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S032.
Full textRAYNAUD, CATHERINE. "Etude du role de l'enveloppe externe des mycobacteries dans la pathogenicite et la resistance aux antituberculeux." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30276.
Full textFaïon, Léo. "Développement d’inhibiteurs de l’enzyme MabA et de boosters d’antibiotiques comme stratégies innovantes pour traiter la tuberculose." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S016.
Full textIn 2020, the fight against tuberculosis is still a major public health issue. Indeed, this infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of death by an infectious agent throughout the world. In addition to this mortality problem, another issue is the emergence of resistant strains which further complicates the management of this pathology. Therefore, new drugs are required to fight these resistant bacteria.Several strategies are currently being investigated to generate news drugs. Among these, the most classic one is the development of new drugs with an original mechanism of action. This involves the inhibition of a new target which must be essential for bacteria, to cause the death of the organism, but also specific to the bacteria in order to minimize the side effects. In addition, inhibiting such targets makes it possible to ensure an action against drug-resistant strains which are not sensitive anymore to drugs currently on the market.A second strategy consists of developing boosters, which are inactive molecules, capable of potentiating the action of already existing drugs. This potentiation can happen either by improving the effect on sensitive strains or by re-establishing their action on resistant strains, or both. In this thesis, the advantages and disadvantages of these two strategies are exposed.In a first part, the strategy consisting in inhibiting an innovative target is presented. The enzyme MabA, which catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids in the bacteria, was chosen because it does not have any known specific inhibitor. The screening of a fragment chemical library on this enzyme was carried out by LC-MS-MS which led to the identification of the first family of MabA inhibitors. This series shares an anthranilic acid scaffold. 32 compounds were synthesized in order to improve potency on the enzyme and to better understand the structure-activity relationships. The physico-chemical properties of the compounds were also measured. The mechanism of action was then explored in order to confirm the inhibition of the target in the bacteria by various techniques and in particular by TLC-14C, which can be used to study the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the pathogen.In a second part, we searched for boosters of pretomanid, an anti-tuberculosis drug having recently obtained Marketing Authorization for the treatment of resistant tuberculosis strains. Pretomanid is a prodrug activated in bacterio by Ddn (Deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase), leading to the release of nitric oxide which is toxic to the bacteria by its action on the respiratory chain. A phenotypic screening on resistant strains in the presence or absence of pretomanid was carried out. This has led to the identification of a chemical family, bearing a norbornene ring, capable of potentiating the effect of pretomanid. 55 compounds have been synthesized to explore structure-activity relationships. ADME properties were measured and a lead compound was selected for in vivo proof of concept. For oral administration, this compound was formulated in an aqueous solution in the presence of cyclodextrin-HP and the interactions leading to this solubilization were studied by NMR. The mechanism of action was also studied to identify the target of these compounds in the bacteria
Ibrahim, Murad. "Evaluation of the bactericidal and sterilizing activity of diaryquinoline R207910 in murine model of tuberculosis." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066168.
Full textRationale: tuberculosis is the second-ranked infectious disease leading to mortality after AIDS. There are 9. 2 million people develop new disease yearly, and 1. 7 million died from TB in 2006. The efficacy of TB treatment is limited by its length, complexity (4 drugs for 6 months) and by drug resistant tuberculosis. New drugs that are more active than those available today, and that allow shortening of the treatment duration are being developed. R207910 belongs to a new family of antituberculosis drug, the diarylquinolines, inhibiting ATP synthase. Objectives: we evaluated the bactericidal and sterilizing activity of R207910 alone and included in drug combinations. Materials and Methods: Swiss mice were infected by intravenous route with M. Tuberculosis H37Rv. Treatment efficacy was assessed by colony forming units (CFU) counts in lungs and/or spleens at the end of treatment (bactericidal activity) or after 3 months of follow-up period without treatment (sterilizing activity). Results: R207910 at a dose of 25 mg/kg demonstrated bactericidal activity after 4 days. After 2 months of treatment, R207910 (25 mg/kg 5 days/week, 50 mg/kg 2 days/week, 100 mg/kg 1 day/week) decreased bacillary load by 5 log10 CFU, and was more active than the currently available antituberculous drugs. Thus, R207910 could be given once weekly with a bactericidal activity equivalent to daily treatment given that total weekly dose was the same. Due to the synergism between R207910 and pyrazinamide, 2 months of treatment with double or triple combinations R207910+pyrazinamide±isoniazid or rifampin or moxifloxacin led to lung culture negativity 70 to 100% of mice. On the other hand only 30% of lungs were culture negative among mice treated with regimens containing R207910 but not pyrazinamide. When R207910 was combined with first line antituberculous drugs, the duration of treatment and relapse rate were reduced. The sterilizing activity of four drug combination containing R207910, isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide was equivalent in 4 months to the sterilizing activity of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide in 6 months (6% vs 17% relapse rate). We also demonstrated that, when R207910 was combined with rifapentine and pyrazinamide, this combination given once weekly rendered 9 of 10 mice culture negative in only 2 month. Such activity was not obtained with any other intermittent regimen and was even superior to standard daily treatment (isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide). Conclusion: in murine tuberculosis, R207910 demonstrated potent activity in both initial and continuation phase of treatment. Four months of treatment of certain combinations containing R207910 are as active as 6 months of standard treatment
Dahbi, Samir. "Chimie innovante en série dioxyde de quinoxaline : vers de nouveaux antituberculeux, inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse des mycobactines." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH4078.
Full textIn order to intemalize iron, a vital micronutriment, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, biosynthesizes compounds with extremely Fe (III) affinity, called mycobactins. The biosynthesis of these compounds is a non ribosomal process initiated by the adenylation enzyme mbtA, which activates a molecule of salicylic acid to the corresponding adenosylmonophosphate ester (salicyl-AMP). Our laboratory has already prepared various hydrolytically-stable analogues of salicyl-AMP as potential inhibitors of mycobactin biosynthesis. Lately, we have been working on the preparation of phosphonamidate and sulfonamide analogues with a quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide moiety, which should display a very good affinity with the active site of the enzyme mbtA. We successfully developed an extension to the Beirut reaction to access the first phosphonates of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides, precursors of our phosphonamidates analogues. When the phopshonylated quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide was substituted with an aryl group on position 3, a rearrangement of the phosphonate into a phosphate of quinoxaline 1-monoxide was observed. NMR studies of this rearrangement, new in the N-aryl oxide series, suggested that it was intramolecular. The end of the synthesis to get our phosphonamidate analogues, however, proved difficult. Also, in order to prepare our sulfonamide analogues, we developed a synthesis that uses mild conditions and allowed us to access the first examples of sulfonamide in the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide series, which should be tested to evaluate the influence of the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide moiety on the antitubercular activity and confirm the potency of our targeted sulfonamide analogues, which have yet to be synthesized. Finally, while working on the synthesis of our sulfonamide analogues, we successfully developed a new preparation of 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide via a Liebeskind-Srogl-like cross-coupling reaction, which represents the first example of organometallic cross-coupling reaction in the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide series
Goutelle, Sylvain. "Construction d’un modèle thérapeutique mathématique de la tuberculose pulmonaire : aspects pharmacocinétiques, pharmacodynamiques, physiopathologiques et premier modèle du traitement par la rifampicine." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10226.
Full textThere is a critical need for a shorter tuberculosis treatment to improve tuberculosis control. Mathematical models may be helpful to understand current problems associated with tuberculosis therapy and to suggest innovation resources. The objective of this study is to set up a full mathematical model of tuberculosis treatment by rifampin, based on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and physiological submodels. Prior to its application in the pharmacodynamic modeling framework, the Hill equation has been the focus of a theoretical study. The various properties of this equation have been reviewed and the rationale of its use in pharmacological modelling has been clarified. Rifampin pharmacokinetics in plasma and lungs was modelled in a population of 34 volunteers by use of a nonparametric population approach. Then, a 10,000 subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to explore Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing effect and prevention of resistance by rifampin. The results suggest that rifampin pulmonary concentrations obtained with the standard dose are too low to be highly effective and prevent drug resistance in most subjects. Finally, a full mathematical model of tuberculosis treatment, including a physiological model, has been implemented. The model is able to simulate the time-course of bacterial counts from the first day of infection to the last day of treatment. Overall results of this modelling effort indicate that current dosage regimens of rifampin may be optimized. In addition, this work suggests a new hypothesis regarding the bacterial persistence during tuberculosis treatment
Langenskiöld, Elisabeth Maria. "Contrôle d'entourage de patients tuberculeux : étude rétrospective de dix ans d'activitié du Centre antituberculeux, Service de pneumologie, Genève /." Genève : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000256317.
Full textMunier, Mathilde. "Synthèse de prodrogues d'inhibiteurs de la 1-désoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate réductoisomérase (DXR) : des agents antituberculeux potentiels." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF016.
Full textToday, tuberculosis is one of most murderous infectious diseases in the world. This disease is caused by the mycobacterium : Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is becoming more and more resistant towards antitubercular drugs. Therefore, it is urgent to find inovative targets for the development of new antitubercular drugs. The biosynthesis of isoprenoids represents such a target. The biological precursors of all isoprenoids are IPP and DMAPP which are synthesized via two pathways the mevalonate pathway, which is present in human and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway which is present in M. tuberculosis. but absent in human. Fosmidomycin and fosfoxacine, two natural inhibitors of the deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), the second enzyme of MEP pathway, but they do not affect the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells, due to a lack of uptake of the polar drugs by the bacteria. To overcome this absence of the mycobacterial cell watll crossing of these compounds, we synthesized lipophilic cycloSaligenyl and arylphosphoramidate prodrugs of DXR inhibitors. Some compounds inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic model of mycobacterium
Ducasse-Cabanot, Stéphanie. "MabA, β-cétoacyl-ACP réductase de mycobactérium tuberculosis : propriétés fonctionnelles et structurales et inhibition par l'antibiotique antituberculeux isoniazide." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU3A201.
Full textHernandez, Valdepeña Israël. "Microencapsulation macromoléculaire d'un agent antituberculeux hydrophobe, la clofazimine, par piégeage physique à l'aide d'un système polyélectrolyte amphiphile biorésorbable." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON13510.
Full textLe, Nguyen-Hung. "Régulation post-traductionnelle et recherche d'inhibiteurs de la protéine FadD32, essentielle à la biosynthèse des acides mycoliques chez Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30238.
Full textThe resurgence of tuberculosis (TB), together with the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), highlights the need for new anti-TB drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Mycobacteria possess an outer membrane (also called mycomembrane), which confers to them a remarkably impermeable cell envelope. The major constituents of the mycomembrane are very long-chain fatty acids with original structures, the so-called mycolic acids (MAs). The biosynthesis of MAs is essential for mycobacterial growth and involves several key enzymes, many of which have been validated as promising anti-TB drug targets. Among them, FadD32, a Fatty-acyl AMP Ligase implicated in the last step of the biosynthesis pathway, has been characterized biochemically and its protein structure has been solved recently. However, the regulation aspect of the enzyme is still to be deciphered. The first part of the thesis focuses on the post-translational regulation by protein phosphorylation of FadD32 by eukaryotic-like Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases (STPKs). We showed that FadD32 is the substrate of several Mtb STPKs. The reversible phosphorylation negatively modulates the adenylation activity of the protein. In order to determine the impact of the post-translational regulation on MA production, we over-expressed a STPK of Mtb in M. smegmatis, a validated surrogate of Mtb. We observed a significant change in the amounts of MAs. In the second part of the thesis, we screened a chemical library against FadD32 and identified several hits that should help in the development of new anti-TB agents
Coupet, Charles-Antoine. "Développement d’un vaccin thérapeutique multi-antigénique contre la tuberculose et étude de l’influence des antibiotiques antituberculeux sur son immunogénicité." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1297/document.
Full textTuberculosis (TB), a lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of death worldwide from an infectious disease. TB is responsible for an estimated 1,7 million of deaths and 10,4 million new cases annually. The emergence and spreading of multidrug resistance (MDR) Mtb strains represent a major global threat and reflect limitation of current treatments. Patients with MDR-TB are currently treated with multiple drug regimens, often toxic, given for long durations, with a limited efficacy. Therefore, developing novel TB therapies is urgently needed. Immunotherapy aiming at triggering specific immune response against Mtb represents an attractive approach to shorten the duration and increase the efficacy of current MDR-TB treatment. The first aim of this PhD project was to characterize a novel therapeutic vaccine, based on the Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), MVATG18598, expressing ten antigens representative of the three phases of Mtb infection. Using different strains of mouse, we showed that MVATG18598 vaccination is able to trigger Mtb antigens-specific humoral and cellular responses. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells display the capacity to produce multiple Th1-cytokines together with cytolytic activity. In post-exposure mouse models, MVATG18598 combined with an antibiotic regimen decreases significantly the bacterial burden in lungs of infected mice as well as the disease relapse rate after treatment completion. The second aim of this project was to analyze the impact of TB antibiotics on the immunogenicity of the MVATG18598 vaccine. We showed that first-line antibiotic regimen, mostly isoniazid, decreases antigen-specific Th1 immune response triggered by MVATG18598 vaccination in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that Mtb-specific antibody response induced by the vaccine candidate is modified and shifted towards an increase of IgG1/IgG2a ratio in presence of drugs. Altogether, these results illustrate that immunotherapeutic vaccine such as MVATG18598 has the capacity to contribute to the control of TB by improving efficiency of anti-TB drugs treatment. In addition, our results indicate that antibiotics are able to modulate vaccine-induced immune response, a feature to consider for the future development of immunotherapies
Gasse, Cécile. "Synthèse et évaluation d'inhibiteurs de la thymidine monophosphate kinase de "mycobacterium tuberculosis"." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P628.
Full textM. Tuberculosis thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPKmt) is a potential target for the development of new antituberculous agents. This enzyme is directly implied in M. Tuberculosis growth and catalyses the last specific step of the dTTP synthesis i. E. The phosphorylation of the dTMP in dTDP by using ATP as preferred phosphate donor. This manuscript describes the synthesis and evaluation of TMPKmt specific inhibitors. Thus, nucleosidic analogues were synthesized using Ap5T as a well known inhibitor of the nucleoside monophosphate kinases model. Hence, analogues of the two substrates were linked by a spacer. In a second approach, a new family of non-nucleosidic molecules were designed using a modelling program (LEA3D) and were synthesized. The affinities of both families of molecules were determined in vitro on TMPKmt and the human TMPK. Moreover, some of the non-nucleosidic analogues also turned out to be active on M. Bovis BCG growth
Veau, Damien. "Synthèse de nouveaux composés N-polyhétéroaromatiques fusionnés basés sur les motifs granulatimide et triazolophthalazine pour leurs propriétés anticancéreuses ou antituberculeuses." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2048/.
Full textCancer and tuberculosis being still two of the main death causes worldwide, the development of new treatments against these two pathologies remains a major public health stake. In this setting, the purpose of my PhD work was to conduct the synthesis and the antitumoral/antitubercular evaluation of two original series of fused N-polyheteroaromatic compounds, one based on granulatimide (1) and the other on triazolophthalazine (2). Granulatimide (1) is a natural alkaloid beknown for inhibiting checkpoint G2, a key-element in DNA repair processes. During this work, we optimized the preparation of (1). The synthesis of diversification plateforms of (1) and its synthetic isomer isogranulatimide C (3) have been studied on the basis of previous computational work in order to consider the access to new more effective inhibitor of the checkpoint G2. Triazolophthalazine (2) have been chosen as some styryltriazolophthalazine derivatives (4) recently displayed promising antitubercular and anticarcinogenic effects. During this work, we synthesized several series of (2)-based compounds thanks to a new diversity-oriented and automation-compatible route. Thus synthesized compounds have been tested for their antitubercular and/or anticarcinogenic activity, several compounds displaying very good results against both drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains. The antitubercular mode of action of these compounds is still under investigation but results obtained so far tend to indicate a totally innovative mode of action
Estop, Valérie. "Toxicologie de l'éthambutol." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P139.
Full textSegala, Elena. "Caractérisation génétique, biochimique et structurale de l'ATP synthase des mycobactéries, la cible d'un nouvel antituberculeux de la famille des diarylquinolines." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836521.
Full textSegala, Elena. "Caractérisation génétique, biochimique et structurale de l’ATP synthase des mycobactéries, la cible d’un nouvel antituberculeux de la famille des diarylquinolines." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066057.
Full textTMC207 is a new antituberculous drug, which inhibits very efficiently the ATP synthase of mycobacteria such as M. Tuberculosis, one of the most important pathogens in the world. In order to map the amino acid residues involved in the binding of the drug, we have selected in vitro TMC207-resistant mutants from M. Tuberculosis and diverse atypical mycobacteria. Six distinct mutations, D28G, D28A, L59V, E61D, A63P and I66M, have been identified in the subunit c forming a c-ring in the ATP synthase. They were studied by evaluating the levels of resistance they confer in the selected clones and in M. Smegmatis by using an isogenic complementation system. The rates of increase of TMC207 MIC values were interpreted by constructing by homology modeling a structure of the c-ring which was used for docking simulations with TMC207. Our results suggest that the residues found to be mutated in the resistant clones, together with a tyrosine specifically conserved at position 64, define a cleft located between two adjacent c subunits in the c-ring. This cleft, which encompasses the proton binding site, is well fitted to bind TMC207 at the level of the bromo-quinoline moiety, the drug being anchored by several bonds. Finally, we have expressed and purified the mycobacterial ATP synthase in order to begin the structural study of this enzyme by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Our results of electron microscopy allow obtaining the first images of the ATP synthase of M. Smegmatis
Bravo, Douglas. "Evaluation de la prise en charge des patients tuberculeux dans un hôpital universitaire." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P230.
Full textŞerbetçi, Tuba. "Alcaloïdes de Papaver arachnoïdeum : synthèse et évaluation biologique d'analogues structuraux de produits naturels à visées cytotoxique et antibactérienne en série benzophénanthrolines et benzothiophènes=." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P608.
Full textThis work describes the extraction, the isolation and the identification of the alkaloids of Papaver arachnoïdeum Kadereit, a poppy species endemic from Turkey, on the one hand, and the synthesis of natural products analogues in the benzothieno[3,2-f][1]benzopyran and benzo[c]phenanthroline series, with potential antimicrobial and anticancer activities, respectively, on the other hand. The alkaloid extracts of Papaver arachnoïdeum, collected in two different regions of Turkey, led to the isolation of five compounds. : an aporphine, roemerine, an oxoaporphine, liriodenine, and three proaporphines whose absolute configurations have been determined : mecambrine, roemeronine, dihydromecambrinol B. These results are discussed from both biogenetic and chemotaxonomic points of view. The second part deals with the synthesis of new benzothieno[3,2-f][1]benzopyran derivatives, whose structure include a chromene unit, encountered in numerous natural compounds, fused onto a thiophene present in several antifungal and antibacterial structures. The key-step of the synthesis of the lead compound was the thermal Claisen rearrangement of a propargyl ether derived from 2-hydroxydibenzothiopene. The pyran double bond was further converted into the corresponding cis and trans diols and diacetates. The compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiubercular activities. In the last part, the syntheses of new benzo[c]phenanthroline derivatives are described. The structures of these novel compounds relate to those of antiproliferative alkaloids isolated from Rutaceae species belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum, such as nitidine and fagaronine. Substitution of the benzo[c][1,7] and [1,8]phenanthroline basic core by various dialkylaminoalkyl substituents gave access to new compounds exhibiting better cytotoxic activities associated with increased solubility in biocompatible solvents, when compared with the parent compounds
Cohen-Gonsaud, Martin. "Etudes structurales de la protéine Maba (FabG1), une β-cétoacyl-ACP réductase de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Une cible pour la conception de nouveaux antituberculeux." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20059.
Full textClermont, Christophe Sandron Daniel. "Le Centre de Lutte AntiTuberculeux de Saint-Nazaire implication d'un médecin généraliste de son ouverture à son sixième mois de fonctionnement /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=34326.
Full textNguyen, Thuy Van. "Utilisation des systèmes de surveillance pour évaluer les aspects particuliers de la tuberculose et de la résistance aux antituberculeux en France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066283/document.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, partly because of drug resistance anf the HIV epidemics. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of the tuberculosis disease, and is one of the indicators used for the BCG vaccination policy. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which poses diagnostic and therapeutic problems, has been monitored since 1992 in France. On the opposite, rifampicin mono-resistance (RMR) tuberculosis (TB) which represents a first step toward MDR-TB is rarely studied and the impact of rifampicin mono-resistance on patient’s outcome is unknown in France. Our work was focused on the epidemiology of MTB and the impact of changes in the BCG vaccination strategy. We used two systems implemented for the surveillance of TB in France: a nationwide laboratory network coordinated by the National Reference Centre (NRC) for Mycobacteria and Resistance of Mycobacteria to Anti-tuberculosis Drugs and the mandatory notification system of TB (MNS) coordinated by the National Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS). The NRC network was also used to evaluate Rifampicin mono-resistant tuberculosis in France. First, we assessed the incidence rate of culture-positive (C+) central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) in France in 2007 (the year of the changing policy on BCG vaccination) and its time trend between 1990 and 2007. In 2007, CNS TB represented less than 1% of all culture-positive TB cases and its incidence was around 0.50 per million inhabitants. The 2007 sensitivity of the NRC was 79.4%. To assess the evolution of C+ CNS TB between 1990 and 2007, we used an average sensitivity derived from the 2000 sensitivity of the NRC (75.6%) and the sensitivity for the year 2007. The average sensitivity was used to correct the number of C+ CNS TB reported in four surveys (1990, 1995, 2000, 2007). There was a major decrease of 62% in the extrapolated number of C+ CNS TB in seventeen years (from 90 to 35 cases), and in the extrapolated incidence rate (from 1.6 to 0.55 cases per million inhabitants) (P < 0.001). Then, we measured the impact of two major changes in BCG vaccination policy in 2006 (disappearance of the multipuncture device for BCG) and 2007 (end of compulsory BCG vaccination) on the epidemiology of TBM in children under 6 years in France between 2000 and 2011. Overall, 10 culture-positive and 17 possible (negative-culture or unknown microbiological result) cases of TBM were identified, with an annual incidence rate varying from 0.16 to 0.66 cases / 10 million inhabitants. In Ile-de-France, where all children are considered “at risk” and therefore should all be vaccinated, and in the other regions where only at-risk children are considered for vaccination since 2007, no statistically significant differences in the annual incidences rates for each one-year age-group cohort could be observed. These results reinforce the 2007 decision to stop universal BCG vaccination. However, a close monitoring of CNS TB in the coming years will be needed to assess the long-term impact of the new vaccination policy. Finally, we built, through the NRC national network of laboratories, a retrospective cohort of RMR TB cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2010. A total of 39 cases with RMR TB were identified (0.12% of all TB culture positive cases). Among all patients, 19 (49%) had a previous history of TB treatment, and 9 (23%) were HIV-coinfected. Data about treatment and outcome were available for 30 of 39 patients and only 20 (67%) were considered as cured. Treatments received both in terms of drugs and duration were heterogeneous. These results suggest the need to improve the management of patients with RMR TB in France
Sayes, Fadel. "Etude de l'influence du Système de Sécrétion de Type VII "ESX-5" de Mycobacterium tuberculosis sur l'Immunité Anti-Mycobactérienne." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077268.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis is responsible for ≈ 9 million new cases of infection and ≈ 1. 4 million deaths per year worldwide. The genome of Mtb encodes five potential type VII secretion systems, ESX-1 to ESX-5, most of which are associated with genes encoding PE/PPE proteins, named after their N-terminal Pro-Glu (PE) or Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) motifs. Here, we have shown that the ESX-5-associated PE/PPE proteins are highly immunogenic for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Indeed, we describe the strong T cell immunogenicity of the ESX-5-encoded PE/PPE proteins, which share a large panel of cross-reactive CD4+ T epitopes with substantial numbers of their ESX-5-nonassociated PE/PPE homologs. The immunogenicity of these numerous PE/PPE proteins is dependent on their export by a functional EccD5, the predicted trans-membrane channel of the ESX-5 secretion apparatus. The Mtb Δppe25-pe 19 mutant deleted for all ESX-5-associated pe and ppe genes, although highly attenuated in immunocompetent mice, remains able to induce immunity against the ESX-5-associated PE/PPE virulence factors, via cross-reactivity with their numerous homologs, and against the ESX-1 virulence factors ESAT-6/CFP-10. Moreover, the Mtb Δppe25-pe19 strain is as potent as WT Mtb of inducing phenotypic and functional maturation of innate immune cells. The Mtb Δppe25-pel9 strain is strongly protective against pathogenic Mtb infection in mice and represents a potential anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidate
Ngo, Niobe-Eyangoh Sara Irène. "Epidémiologie moléculaire de la tuberculose au Cameroun." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077086.
Full textVigneau-Gallet, Dominique. "Problèmes posés par le suivi et l'observance des patients tuberculeux : application aux données du Registre Tuberculose Gironde en 1995 et 1996." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M095.
Full textCoulibaly, Songuigama. "Synthèse et activité antituberculeuse de quelques dérivés de la 1,10-phénanthrolinone." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC407/document.
Full textTuberculosis is a cosmopolitan human lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She represents one of the main reasons of mortality in the world. therapeutic management of this disease is confronted today with a strong pharmacoresistance of bacilli to most antituberculosis habitually used. Facing this situation the research of new more efficient molecules avoiding the phenomenon of pharmacoresistance is encouraged by the WHO. It is in this context that we conceived derivatives of the 1,10-phénanthrolinone, the structural analogues of quinolones known for their antituberculosis activity. These derivatives were prepared by condensation of 8-aminoquinoline and ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate, followed by intramolecular cyclization to give the ethyl 1,10-phenanthrolinone-3-carboxylate. The chemical modulation of the latter have allowed to get most of the 1,10-phenanthrolinone derivatives. The 1,10-phenanthrloninone derivatives synthesized were evaluated for their antibacillary activities. Among these, some 6-nitro 1,10-phenanthrolinone derivatives are particularly illustrated by their antibacillary performance with MIC included between 0.31 and 9.84 μM. In addition, this activity is kept on susceptible strains of mycobacteria and the quinolone-resistant strains , suggesting a different mechanism of action. In addition, this activity is conserved on susceptible strains of mycobacteria and quinolone-resistant strains, suggesting a different mechanism of action. Moreover, these molecules proved to be not toxic on cells Vero with IC50> 100 μg / mL (16 to 64 times their MIC). Our pharmacochimique approach has led to the development of new molecules having a structure of type 1,10-phénantrolinone from which chemical profile differs from that of all chemical classes of antitubercular drugs existent. Got results open new ways of investigations for research of new anti-tuberculosis or anti-infectious drugs in the 1,10-phenantrolinone chemical series
Broussy, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'étude du mécanisme d'action de l'isoniazide et conception de nouveaux dérivés `a activité antituberculeuse potentielle." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30186.
Full textIsoniazid (INH) is an antibiotic frequently used in treatment of tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The action mecanism of this drug, up to now not completely elucidated, is explained by the formation of covalent adducts between INH activated by the catalase-peroxidase KatG and the NAD cofactor. These adducts are inhibitors of InhA, an other bacteria enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids (specific components of the mycobacterial cell wall). The first chapter descibes the NMR structural study of the INH-NAD adducts. In the second chapter, several synthetic pathways towards new molecules inspired by the INH-NAD model elucidated in the first chapter are elaborated. In the third chapter, the molecules previously obtained are tested towards biological targets (InhA and MabA enzymes). The synthetic pathways elaborated and the structure-activity relationships obtained should allow an access to new potential. .
Godreuil, Sylvain. "Contribution de l'épidémiologie génétique à l'étude de la transmission de Mycobacterium tuberculosis au Burkina Faso, à Djibouti et dans la région de Montpellier." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T005.
Full textKoumba, Yoya Georges. "Synthèse d'analogues cinnamiques : inhibiteurs potentiels contre mycobacterium tuberculosis." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/906/.
Full textHuman tuberculosis, due to a single agent etiologic: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of mortality throughout the world. It is still responsible for 2 to 3 million of death per annum among the billion infected people. The mycobacteries cell wall are complex and possesses an original composition. So enzymes implicated in its biogenesis, the ideal targets in the way to discover new antibiotics. It contains in particular mycolic acids, essential components for the survival of the bacilli and specific of the Mycabacterium kinds and related. The current drug as isoniazid targets on specific enzyme implicated in the mycolic acid biosynthesis. In the aim to find new antituberculosis agents, we designed and synthesized cinnamic derivatives being able to play a role in the FAS-II, system involved in biosynthesis way of mycolic acids. In this work, we developed various families of molecules possessing the cinnamic moiety and different modifications are at various levels: * Several alkyls groups were introduced on the phenolic position of 4-alkoxyphenyl cinnamic acid, * Various functionalities like: amines, hydrazines, hydrazides were introduced on the carboxylic position, * the ethylene group was modified. The isosteric cyclopropyle was introduced, leading to a set of synthesized compounds (amides, hydrazides). All the synthesized molecules were tested by the team of Dr. Mamadou Daffé at the Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) on M. Tuberculosis (H37Rv strain) for their antitubercular efficiency. The biological results revealed that the series of cinnamic acid derivatives with amide, hydrazide, and triazolophthalazine functionalities are good antitubercular agents. Their MIC ranges from 0. 1-0. 5 µg/mL
Nguyen, Thi Thuân. "Le 2,2-diméthylchromène comme pharmacophore : application à la synthèse de pyranophénothiazines à activité antituberculeuse et de triméthoxybenzoylbenzopyranes à activité antivasculaire." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P624.
Full textAbout thirty new compounds were synthesized. These compounds belong to two different series with chromene, which is present in many natural biologically active compounds, as common scaffold. The structure of pyranophenothiazine series associates a phenothiazine and a benzopyrane nucleus. The heads of both series, as well as the products of oxidation, hydrogenation, the acetates of their diol derivatives (sulfoxydes or not) and the N-substituted derivatives were prepared in order to study structure-activity relationships. Cytotoxicity and antimycobacterial activities of all compounds were tested. The second aroylbenzopyrane series, heterocombretastatin analogues, includes the trimethoxyphenyl part of combretastatine A4 combined with a chromene nucleus. The cytotoxicity and the effect on the morphology of modified endothelial cells predictive of in vivo antivascular activity were determined
Toledano, Messod. "Etude de 6 observations de primo-infection tuberculeuse dans un milieu immigré : contamination d'entourage, revue de la littérature à propos des régimes antituberculeux actuels de courte durée." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M014.
Full textPean, Polidy. "Le rôle de l’immunité à médiation cellulaire dans le syndrome inflammatoire de reconstitution immunitaire chez les patients co-infectés VIH/TB sous traitement antituberculeux et antirétroviraux au Cambodge." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13514/document.
Full textInflammatory syndrome associated with immune reconstitution in patients coinfected with HIV and TB is one complication of antiretroviral treatment, called TB-IRIS. This syndrome more often encountered in developing countries. Diagnosis of this syndrome is mainly based of clinical presentation and needs to differentiate from other diseases. Their evolution is usually favorable or under corticosteroids, but some cases are severe and / or fatal. The study of their mechanism could lead to identify predictive markers, applicable to their early diagnosis and improved their management. Thus, we proposed to study the role of NK cell and T cell in the CAMELIA clinical trials which have conducted in Cambodia. The result showed that higher increase of NK cell degranulation capacity was associated with the occurrence of TB-IRIS and it could be a predictive marker. Furthermore, the hyperactivation of effector T cell and decrease of regulatory T cell were also observed. The implication of the regulatory T cell in this syndrome was not clear yet. The regulatory mechanism of this phenomenon should be further explored
Bonnet, Isabelle. "Rôle de whiB6 et kdpDE dans le clone MDR hypertransmissible B0/W148 de Mycobacterium tuberculosi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS478.pdf.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) is, excluding COVID, the leading cause of death linked to an infectious agent. Rapid determination of the full resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is essential to initiate appropriate treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) cases, thereby limiting the acquisition of additional resistance, increasing the chances of therapeutic success and reducing transmission of these strains. There are 9 main lineages within the M. tuberculosis complex, 2 of which are widespread throughout the world (L2 and L4). Within lineage 2, the clone W148 (or clonal complex CC 100-32) has recently spread to Europe and Asia. This spread could be explained by specific mutations within the genome.First, we investigated the Deeplex Myc-TB tool for rapid detection of genotype and resistance in clinical Mtb MDR strains. The Deeplex Myc-TB technology, based on multiplex PCR and high-throughput sequencing, determines species (hsp65), genotype (spoligotype) and resistance to 13 first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (18 targets). Our evaluation included 112 samples and 94 strains sent to the Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux (CNR MyRMA). We have observed that the Deeplex Myc-TB test is efficient on microscopically positive samples and strains. The resistance profiles obtained are 85.4% concordant with the results of the phenotypic reference method. The use of Deeplex Myc-TB provides results within ten days, and around 6 weeks before those of the phenotypic antibiogram. Deeplex Myc-TB can therefore be used to adapt antibiotic therapy much earlier than was previously possible, to the patient benefit. We were thus able to validate this tool, which is now routinely used at CNR MyRMA. We next studied mutations specific to CC 100-32 MDR. Genome-wide analysis of 36 strains received at CNR MyRMA identified 30 non-synonymous mutations and small deletions specific to CC 100-32 MDR strains. Among these, we chose to study mutations present in kdpD and whiB6, as data in the literature indicated an impact of these genes on the virulence of the strain. On the one hand, KdpDE is a two-component system regulating expression of the inducible potassium transport system KdpFABC. The mutation present in the CC 100-32 MDR complex is a 2-nucleotides deletion at the end of the kdpD gene, resulting in a KdpDE fusion protein. We therefore constructed such a mutant in Mtb H37Rv by deleting both the kdpD and kdpE genes before complementing it with the wild-type or mutated form of kdpDE. We observed no difference in the in vitro growth of the different strains, even in the absence of potassium, suggesting that KdpDE is not essential for bacterial fitness in presence or absence of potassium. The impact of the deletion on transcriptional activity and virulence is currently being studied. On the other hand, WhiB6 is a transcription factor that regulates the ESX-1 system, necessary for virulence. Work from the laboratory generated a ∆whiB6 mutant and the complemented WT and mutated (T51P) strains and their re-analysis indicated that T51P mutant strain produces less ESAT-6 and pro-inflammatory cytokines than the wild-type strain. Our transcriptome analysis of these strains is currently underway. Initial results suggest that the T51P mutation in WhiB6 results in less virulence and inflammation. This work has validated a tool that is now essential for routine diagnosis of MDR TB at CNR MyRMA, and to study the spread of an MDR clone through the function of two transcription factors involved in virulence
Leblanc, Cécile. "Rôle de la 4'-phosphopantethéïnyl transférase PptT dans la multiplication et la persistance de Mycobacterium tuberculosis et mise en place d'un test d'activité enzymatique pour la recherche de nouveaux antituberculeux." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1930/.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, displays an unusual cell envelope that contains a large variety of lipids with unusual structures, some of them essential for the bacterial viability and others important for pathogenicity. The synthesis of these lipids involves multifunctional enzymes that are only functional if converted from their inactive apo-forms to their active holo-forms by the covalent attachment of a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl (P-pant) group. This modification is achieved through the action of a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase named PptT, which transfers the P-pant moiety of coenzyme A to a conserved domain of these proteins. In this study, we investigated whether PptT represents a novel drug target for treating tuberculosis. The construction of pptT conditional expression mutants of M. Bovis BCG and Mtb enabled us to demonstrate that PptT is required for mycobacterial growth and survival in several environments, including those encountered in macrophages, and during the various stages of infection in the mouse model. An in vitro enzymatic assay based on the catalytic activity of PptT has been developed and adapted to high throughput screening for the search of PptT inhibitors. Finally, we found that the enzyme PptT can be inhibited by small compounds. Altogether, our findings indicate that PptT meets all the requirements for a good drug target and provide tools for the search of inhibitors against this enzyme. Besides, these results suggest that some polyketide-derived lipids may be required for Mtb persistence within the host
Mwande-Maguene, Gabin. "Conception, synthèse et activité antiplasmodiale de nouveaux composés ferrocéniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10055/document.
Full textPharmacomodulation of biologically active drugs by the introduction of an organometallic entity such as ferrocene constitutes a very interesting alternative to compensate the problematic increase of antimalarial drug resistances. This PhD work is focused on the design, the synthesis and the study of antiplasmodial activity of new ferrocenyl compounds. For this purpose, four families of drugs containing a ferrocenyl entity were synthesized and studied for the first time. Thus, several aminohydroxynaphthoquinones (Atovaquone analog), quinolinyl- and acridinylhydrazones, 4-aminoquinolines (Chloroquine analog) and benzodiazepines (Flurazepam analog) were designed and obtained in good conditions. The ferrocenyl derivatives were evaluated for their antimalarial activity in vitro upon Plasmodium falciparum strains and gabonese clinical isolates. Some of these synthesized compounds have displayed very promising results, in particular for the ferrocenyl 4-aminoquinolines derivatives. The cytotoxic activity and the selectivity index of these compounds have indicated some of them as promising candidates for further development