Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Area of a circle'

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap kring samlingens utformning samt synliggöra dess konsekvenser för barns inflytande. För att besvara detta har följande frågor varit centrala; hur kan samlingens utformning såsom samlingens innehåll, struktur samt kommunikativa villkor möjliggöra barns inflytande? Vilka konsekvenser får samlingens utformning för barns inflytande? Studien har genomförts genom observationer där vi valt att vara icke-deltagande för att på så vis begränsa vår påverkan så mycket som möjligt.Observationerna genomfördes på en förskola i en åldersblandad grupp med barn 3–5 år där arbetslaget bestod av fyra kvinnliga pedagoger. I den genomförda studien framkommer det att samlingen är starkt styrd av de vuxna och att de är de som bestämmer över samlingens innehåll. Pedagogens val ger konsekvenser för barns inflytande i form av vem som ska få prata, när denne ska få prata samt hur länge. Det framkom att pedagogens val av aktiviteter sätter ramarna för hur pass mycket inflytande barnet kan utöva. En slutsats som kan dras är att barns möjlighet till inflytande under samlingen i många fall är begränsat och villkorat. Studiens resultat är relevant då det öppnar upp för möjligheter till reflektion kring samlingen och dess funktion i förskolan. Vår uppfattning är att samlingen kan fungera som en arena för barns inflytande, vilket vi hoppas kunna få fler att instämma i.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanilkaLA_TESE_1_a_150.pdf: 4520585 bytes, checksum: 18c2643e49e2eac92f9fe5befa225c45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20<br>This thesis represents a didactic research linked to the Post-graduation Programme in Education of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte which aimed to approach the construction of the geometrical concepts of Volume of the Rectangular Parallelepiped, Area and Perimeter of the Rectangle adding a study of the Area of the Circle. The research was developed along with students from the 6th level of the Elementary School, in a public school in Natal/RN. The pedagogical intervention was made up of three moments: application of a diagnostic evaluation, instrument that enabled the creation of the teaching module by showing the level of the geometry knowledge of the students; introduction of a Teaching Module by Activities aiming to propose a reflexive didactic routing directed to the conceptual construction because we believed that such an approach would favor the consolidation of the learning process by becoming significant to the apprentice, and the accomplishment of a Final Evaluation through which we established a comparison of the results obtained before and after the teaching intervention. The data gathered were analyzed qualitatively by means of a study of understanding categories of mathematical concepts, in addition to using descriptive statistics under the quantitative aspect. Based on the theory of Richard Skemp, about categorization of mathematical knowledge, in the levels of Relational and Instrumental Understanding were achieved in contextual situations and varied proportions, thus enabling a contribution in the learning of the geometrical concepts studied along with the students who took part in the research. We believe that this work may contribute with reflections about the learning processes, a concern which remained during all the stages of the research, and also that the technical competence along with the knowledge about the constructivist theory will condition the implementation of a new dynamics to the teaching and learning processes. We hope that the present research work may add some contribution to the teaching practice in the context of the teaching of Mathematics for the intermediate levels of the Elementary School<br>Esta tese se constituiu em uma pesquisa did?tica vinculada ao Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Educa??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte que teve por objetivo abordar ? constru??o dos conceitos geom?tricos de volume do bloco retangular sua ?rea de superf?cie acrescentando um estudo sobre ?rea do c?rculo. Este foi desenvolvido junto a alunos do 6? ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola da rede p?blica de ensino em Natal/RN. A interven??o pedag?gica constou de tr?s momentos: aplica??o de uma avalia??o diagn?stica, instrumento que subsidiou a elabora??o do m?dulo e ensino, ao indicar os conhecimentos pr?vios e fragilidades dos alunos; introdu??o do m?dulo de ensino por atividades e realiza??o de uma avalia??o final atrav?s da qual estabelecemos uma compara??o dos resultados obtidos antes e depois da interven??o de ensino. Os dados obtidos foram analisados qualitativamente mediante estudo de categorias de compreens?o de conceitos matem?ticos, al?m de utilizarmos a an?lise estat?stica validando-a sob o aspecto quantitativo. Com base nos resultados os n?veis de compreens?o relacional e instrumental foram atingidos em situa??es contextuais e propor??es variadas. Acreditamos que este possa contribuir ainda com reflex?es acerca dos processos do conhecer, preocupa??o que permeou todas as etapas da pesquisa. Nossa esperan?a ? que esta pesquisa possa acrescentar alguma contribui??o ao fazer docente no contexto do ensino matem?tico, haja vista concebermos que a compet?ncia t?cnica aliada ao conhecimento sobre a teoria construtivista implementaria uma nova din?mica aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem

Els hipparionins eren uns èquids tridàctils molt diversificats durant el Miocè superior a l'àrea circummediterrània, on alguns van esdevenir nans. Per la seva abundància, aquests són un grup clau en la recerca paleoecològica i l’anàlisi de patrons evolutius, tot i que encara cal conèixer millor la seva ecologia. Un dels aspectes més importants de la biologia d'un organisme és la seva història de vida, la qual pot ser reconstruïda a partir de la microestructura òssia i dental, i ens proporciona informació sobre el context ambiental. Així mateix, la dieta, una altra característica de la biologia d'un organisme i un important vincle amb l’ambient, es pot inferir a través del microdesgast dental. En aquesta tesi, l'objectiu principal és dilucidar les condicions ecològiques i els mecanismes relacionats amb la disminució de mida que van patir alguns hipparionins de l'est i oest del Mediterrani. Amb aquesta finalitat, es (i) reconstrueixen els patrons de creixement de metàpodes i molars d'hipparionins de diferent mida, (ii) s'infereixen les seves històries de vida, i (iii) s'exploren les seves dietes a través del microdesgast per testar les inferències ecològiques obtingudes de l'anàlisi de les històries vitals. <br /><br /> L'estudi de la histologia dels metàpodes permet reconstruir el creixement ontogenètic i establir l'assoliment d'una maduresa relativa. La identificació de diferents edats de maduració, doncs, evidencia diferents estratègies de creixement en els hipparionins analitzats. L'estudi de laminacions diàries en l’esmalt revela, per primer cop en ungulats, taxes de creixement en primeres/segones molars més elevades que en terceres molars de formació més tardana, suggerint un vincle entre el desenvolupament dental i el somàtic. Així, les taxes de creixement dental més lentes i les erupcions relativament posteriors (correlacionades amb trets d'història de vida) indiquen ritmes de creixement més lents en hipparionins comparat amb Equus. Això contrasta amb la idea d'històries de vida ràpides en hipparionins pel fet de ser generalment més petits. A més, els hipparionins nans occidentals mostren un desenvolupament dental més lent que el de les formes grans i una maduresa relativament tardana, indicant també una història vital més lenta de l’esperada per la seva mida. D’acord amb la teoria de les històries de vida, això assenyala que la menor disponibilitat de recursos és la causa del nanisme en aquests hipparionins. Per contra, les formes petites orientals mostren una maduresa relativa avançada, el que suggereix que la disminució de mida va ser causada per una major mortalitat extrínseca (depredació). Diferències paleoambientals explicarien les pressions ecològiques contraposades: ambients més tancats a l'oest del Mediterrani proporcionaven més cobertura contra la depredació però menys recursos pels hipparionins, mentre a l'est els hàbitats més oberts eren arriscats però rics en recursos. <br /><br /> L'anàlisi del microdesgast dental indica un tipus d'alimentació mixta i oportunista en la majoria dels hipparionins, encara que algunes formes occidentals grans pasturaven. D’altra banda, els hipparionins occidentals nans tenien espectres tròfics més amplis i brostejaven, el que avala que habitessin ambients més boscosos i/o tinguessin recursos més limitats. En canvi, els hipparionins orientals petits no difereixen dels grans en les seves textures de microdesgast, suggerint dietes similars en un entorn ric en recursos que evitaria la necessitat del seu repartiment. Contràriament al que s'esperaria en ambients més oberts, els hipparionins orientals menjaven menys gramínies que els occidentals, cosa que es podria relacionar amb canvis de dieta durant sequeres i/o la presència de sorra alterant la textura del microdesgast. <br /><br /> En resum, aquesta tesi proporciona evidències que els processos de disminució de mida i els mecanismes infrajacents no són uniformes sinó que depenen del context ecològic. Els resultats presentats suposen un pas més per entendre les històries de vida i ecologies d'èquids extints.<br>Los hipparioninos eran unos équidos tridáctilos muy diversificados durante el Mioceno superior en el área circunmediterránea, donde algunos decrecieron en tamaño. Debido a su abundancia, estos constituyen un elemento clave en estudios paleoecológicos y de patrones evolutivos, aunque todavía queda mucho por conocer sobre su ecología. Uno de los aspectos más importantes en la biología de un organismo es su historia de vida, la cual puede ser reconstruida a partir de la microestructura ósea y dental, y nos proporciona información sobre el contexto ambiental. Asimismo, la dieta, otra característica de la biología de un organismo y un importante vínculo con el ambiente, se puede inferir a través del microdesgaste dental. En esta tesis, el objetivo principal es dilucidar las condiciones ecológicas y los mecanismos relacionados con la disminución de tamaño de algunos hipparioninos del este y oeste del Mediterráneo. Con esta finalidad, se (i) reconstruyen los patrones de crecimiento de metápodos y molares de hipparioninos de diferentes tamaños, (ii) se infieren sus historias de vida y (iii) se exploran sus dietas a través del microdesgaste para testar las inferencias ecológicas obtenidas del análisis de las historias vitales. <br /><br /> El estudio de la histología de los metápodos permite reconstruir el crecimiento ontogenético y establecer una madurez relativa. La identificación de distintas edades de maduración ha permitido distinguir diferentes estrategias de crecimiento entre los hipparioninos analizados. El estudio de laminaciones diarias en el esmalte revela, por primera vez en ungulados, tasas de crecimiento en primeras/segundas molares más elevadas que en terceras molares de formación más tardía, sugiriendo un vínculo entre el desarrollo dental y el somático. Así, las tasas de crecimiento dental más lentas y las erupciones posteriores (correlacionadas con rasgos de historia de vida) indican ritmos de crecimiento lentos en hipparioninos en comparación con Equus. Esto contrasta con la idea de historias de vida rápidas en hipparioninos por ser generalmente más pequeños. Además, los hipparioninos enanos occidentales muestran un desarrollo dental más lento que el de las formas grandes y una madurez relativamente tardía, indicando también una historia vital más lenta de la esperada por su tamaño. De acuerdo con la teoría de las historias de vida, esto sugiere que una menor disponibilidad de recursos fue la causa del enanismo en estas formas. Por el contrario, los hipparioninos pequeños orientales muestran una madurez relativa avanzada que sugiere que la disminución de tamaño fue debida a una mayor mortalidad extrínseca (depredación). Diferencias paleoambientales explicarían las presiones ecológicas contrapuestas: ambientes más cerrados al oeste del Mediterráneo proporcionaban más cobertura contra la depredación, pero menos recursos para los hipparioninos, mientras que al este los hábitats más abiertos eran arriesgados pero ricos en recursos. <br /><br /> El análisis del microdesgaste dental indica un tipo de alimentación mixta y oportunista en la mayoría de los hipparioninos, aunque algunas formas occidentales grandes pastaban. Por otra parte, los hipparioninos occidentales enanos tenían espectros tróficos más amplios y ramoneaban, lo que avala que habitasen ambientes boscosos y/o dispusieran de recursos más limitados. En cambio, los hipparioninos orientales pequeños no difieren de los grandes en las texturas de microdesgaste, indicando dietas similares en un entorno rico en recursos que evitaría la necesidad su repartimiento. Contrariamente a lo que se esperaría en ambientes más abiertos, los hipparioninos orientales comían menos gramíneas que los occidentales, lo que se podría relacionar con cambios de dieta durante sequías y/o la presencia de arena alterando el microdesgaste. <br /><br /> En resumen, esta tesis proporciona evidencias de que los procesos de disminución de tamaño no son uniformes, sino que dependen del contexto ecológico. Los resultados presentados suponen un paso más para entender las historias de vida y ecologías de équidos extintos.<br>Hipparionins are a clade of tridactyl equids that greatly diversified during the late Miocene throughout the circum-Mediterranean area, with some taxa undergoing dwarfing. Due to their abundance, they have been the subject of several paleoecological studies and constitute a key mammalian group for exploring evolutionary patterns, although more research is necessary to better understand their ecology. One central aspect of an organism’s biology is its life history, which can be inferred from the analysis of bone and dental microstructure. In addition, since a species’ life history evolves relative to ecological conditions, its study can provide environmental information. Feeding ecology, another feature of an organism’s biology and an important link to its environment, can be inferred from dental microwear. With this in mind, the central aim of this thesis is to elucidate the ecological conditions and mechanisms that accompanied dwarfing in western and eastern Mediterranean hipparionins. Therefore, I (i) reconstruct the growth patterns of metapodials and molars in different-sized hipparionins using bone and dental histology, (ii) make inferences regarding their life histories, and (iii) examine their diets by studying dental microwear textures to test the ecological inferences obtained from life history analyses. <br /><br /> Metapodial histology confirms the usefulness of metapodials for reconstructing the entire ontogenetic growth and establishing a relative maturity attainment. Therefore, the identification of different timings of metapodial growth cessation demonstrate distinct growth strategies within the hipparionins analyzed. For the first time among ungulates, the analysis of daily enamel laminations reveals higher growth rates in first/second molars compared to later-formed third molars, which suggests a link between dental development and somatic growth. Thus, the slower dental growth rates and the relatively late eruption timings (correlated with life history traits) in hipparionins indicate slower paces of life compared to Equus. This challenges previous assumptions that hipparionins have faster life histories due to their generally smaller body size. Western dwarf hipparionins, moreover, show an even slower dental development than larger forms, and a relatively late skeletal maturity, pointing to a slower life history than expected for their size. Conforming with life history theory, this evidences that dwarfing in these western hipparionins was led by lower resource availability. Conversely, the eastern small-sized form shows an advanced relative maturity, which indicates that its size decrease was triggered by higher extrinsic mortalities (predation). This scheme suggests that paleoenvironmental differences accounted for the distinct ecological pressures inferred: forested habitats in the western Mediterranean likely provided increased cover against predation but less resources for the hipparionins, while the more open habitats further east were riskier, but richer in resources. <br /><br /> Dietary reconstructions reveal mixed-feeding diets and opportunistic feeding behaviors in most hipparionins, although some western large-sized forms were grazers. Dental microwear textures of western hipparionins, therefore, provide evidence of distinct diets between the size classes. In this case, dwarfs had broader browse-dominated feeding spectra supporting the idea that they dwelt in more forested habitats and/or that their resources were more limited. Conversely, eastern hipparionins do not show significantly different microwear textures, thus indicating similar dietary preferences in a resource-rich environment that precluded resource partitioning. Contrary to expectations for more open habitats, eastern hipparionins seem to have included less grass in their diets than western forms, which could be related to a higher consumption of browse during droughts and/or the presence of grit affecting microwear texture. <br /><br /> In summary, this thesis provides evidence that the dwarfing process and the mechanisms behind it are not uniform, but that they depend on the specific ecological context. The results represent a further step toward the understanding of the life histories and ecologies of extinct equids.

The Arctic region appears as a pristine remote environment, yet there is increasing evidence that it is greatly impacted by pollution such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). In this environment deposition of Hg has increased threefold since the last industrial revolution. In this study five cryosolic soil profiles within non-sorted circles (NSC) in the Abisko region, northwest of Sweden, has been analyzed to improve our understanding regarding how pollutants are distributed within such type of soil. The soil samples have been analyzed with the use of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), for the measurements of the total concentrations of e.g. lead (Pb) and zirconium (Zr). The soil samples were also analyzed for Hg and LOI. In each sample Zr was used to determine whether metal concentrations were naturally derived from soil silicate minerals or from non-silicate (anthropogenic) sources. From the inner domains of the circles towards the outer domains where the latter contained the highest amounts of organic matter that bind these metals the Pb and Hg concentrations increased. The highest concentrations of Pb (47 mg/kg) and Hg (359 µg/kg) are found in the surface layer (about7 cmdeep) at the edges of the circles. In a buried layer (O-horizon) found in the inner domain, the concentration of Hg was 60µg/kg. Within the studied NSC the concentrations anthropogenic derived Pb and Hg in the surface layer of the circles outer domain was estimated to constitute 95 - 100 % of the total metal burden. In the buried organic layer 95 % of Hg was estimated to be anthropogenic. Clearly, the soil was strongly affected by anthropogenic Pb and Hg concentration.

Il circolo polmonare è un distretto vascolare caratterizzato da basse pressioni ed elevati flussi. L'equilibrio tra pressioni e flussi normalmente vigente in questo distretto può essere alterato da diverse condizioni fisiologiche e patologiche. L esercizio fisico rappresenta uno stress fisiologico notevole per la circolazione polmonare, poiché in tali condizioni il compartimento vascolare polmonare deve accogliere nell unità di tempo una quantità maggiore di massa ematica per poter garantire l'incremento degli scambi gassosi richiesto dalla massa muscolare. Durante esercizio fisico, infatti, la portata cardiaca può incrementare di 6 volte rispetto alle condizioni di riposo. Questo incremento dei flussi si accompagna ad un incremento delle pressioni vascolari. Un altra condizione di stress per il circolo polmonare è rappresentata da una bassa pressione parziale di ossigeno (PO2) nell aria inspirata, caratteristica dell alta quota. L ipossia causa, infatti, una contrazione della tonaca media dei vasi arteriolari polmonari; il conseguente incremento delle resistenze vascolari polmonari (RVP) e della pressione arteriosa polmonare (PAP) rappresentano un carico elevato per il ventricolo destro che, in condizioni estreme, può arrivare sino al quadro dell insufficienza ventricolare destra. I meccanismi di adattamento del circolo polmonare in corso di esercizio fisico, sia a livello del mare che ad alta quota, sono stati in gran parte descritti grazie a degli studi condotti mediante utilizzo del cateterismo cardiaco, metodica di indagine di riferimento per la definizione delle proprietà meccaniche del circolo polmonare. Tuttavia, ancora alcuni aspetti del comportamento di tale distretto vascolare in condizioni di stress rimangono poco noti. D altra parte, negli ultimi anni sono stati condotti pochi studi in quest'ambito poiché non si ritiene più accettabile sottoporre dei volontari sani a cateterismo cardiaco per poter definire degli adattamenti fisiologici, dato che questa metodica invasiva non è scevra di rischi per i soggetti in esame. Nel corso dei tre anni del dottorato ho focalizzato la mia ricerca sull applicazione dell ecocardiografia per lo studio del circolo polmonare durante esercizio fisico. I risultati di questa ricerca hanno permesso di valutare:(1) l'applicabilità e l'accuratezza dell'ecocardiografia da sforzo per la definizione delle caratteristiche meccaniche del circolo polmonare; (2) le differenze di genere esistenti in tale distretto vascolare; (3) i meccanismi di adattamento del circolo polmonare all'ipossia ipobarica.

Submitted by Tiago Fernando Dos Reis null (tfr_mir@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-26T23:02:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Tiago Reis.pdf: 2347537 bytes, checksum: 75e66340d88eee36ea336dc708fc57b0 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-31T19:13:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_tf_me_sjrp.pdf: 2347537 bytes, checksum: 75e66340d88eee36ea336dc708fc57b0 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T19:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_tf_me_sjrp.pdf: 2347537 bytes, checksum: 75e66340d88eee36ea336dc708fc57b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Os materiais manipuláveis são indicados para auxiliar as crianças na passagem do concreto para o abstrato. Isso, aliado ao fato da dificuldade dos alunos na geometria ao utilizar o ensino tradicional em anos anteriores, motivou a utilização de materiais manipulativos no ensino de Geometria Euclidiana Plana. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o 9° Ano da Escola Municipal Marciano Maciel da Silva, Tanabi/SP, com 24 alunos que estavam com dificuldade na compreensão e fixação dos conteúdos de geometria. O mesmo envolveu as atividades práticas do capítulo 3. Utilizamos materiais manipulativos a fim de que o alunado se tornasse capaz de compreender conceitos de Geometria Euclidiana Plana. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a teoria de Geometria Euclidiana Plana, em particular, áreas de regiões poligonais elementares, comprimento de circunferência e áreas de regiões circulares, a qual corresponde às atividades práticas desenvolvidas no 9º ano, e os resultados obtidos com relação à aprendizagem dos alunos com o uso dos materiais manipulativos. Observou-se que o trabalho com materiais manipulativos cumpriu o seu papel de capacitar e engajar os alunos para a compreensão e estudo dos conteúdos ministrados.<br>Manipulative materials are essential to help children in the transition from concrete to abstract. That, besides students’ difficulty in geometry using the traditional teaching in previous years, motivated the use of manipulative materials when teaching Euclidean Plane Geometry. This work was developed with the 9th grade of Marciano Maciel da Silva Municipal School in Tanabi, SP, with 24 students who presented a great difficulty understanding and fixing contents of geometry. The same involved practical activities of Chapter 3. Manipulative materials were used so that the students would be able to understand Euclidean Plane Geometry concepts. The goal of this paper is to present the Euclidean Plane Geometry theory, particularly, areas of elementary polygonal regions, circumference length and areas of circular regions, which concerns practical activities developed in the 9th grade, and results obtained in relation to students learning through the use of manipulative materials. It was observed that the work with manipulative materials fulfilled its role of enabling and engaging students to understand and study the content presented.<br>CAPES: 5566899

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5067.pdf: 2747208 bytes, checksum: c9d6a71cd2840bbbbbb38d4fda229305 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-15<br>This study aims to report the results of a didactic and pedagogic research that uses a sequence of experimental and investigative work for the metric relations involving perimeter and area of a circle, a topic of extreme importance to basic education. This research, which was conducted in the footsteps of Didactic Engineering, occurred in two rooms of grade 8/9 years of Elementary School II of a public school in the state of São Paulo. The results indicate that the use of the proposed work can promote learning through lessons more enjoyable and participatory students.<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar os resultados de uma investigação didático-pedagógica que utiliza uma sequência de atividades experimentais e investigativas, para trabalhar as relações métricas envolvendo perímetro e área do círculo, um tema de extrema importância para o ensino básico. Essa investigação, que foi conduzida seguindo os passos da Engenharia Didática, ocorreu em duas salas de 8ª série/9º ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola pública no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que a utilização desta proposta de trabalho pode favorecer a aprendizagem por meio de aulas mais prazerosas e participativas pelos alunos.

Dieses Manuskript entstand aus Vorlesungen über Geodätische Berechnungen an der Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden. Da diese Lehrveranstaltung im ersten oder zweiten Semester stattfindet, werden noch keine Methoden der höheren Mathematik benutzt. Das Themenspektrum beschränkt sich deshalb weitgehend auf elementare Berechnungen in der Ebene.:0 Vorwort 1 Ebene Trigonometrie 1.1 Winkelfunktionen 1.2 Berechnung schiefwinkliger ebener Dreiecke 1.3 Berechnung schiefwinkliger ebener Vierecke 2 Ebene Koordinatenrechnung 2.1 Kartesische und Polarkoordinaten 2.2 Erste Geodätische Grundaufgabe 2.3 Zweite Geodätische Grundaufgabe 3 Flächenberechnung und Flächenteilung 3.1 Flächenberechnung aus Maßzahlen. 3.2 Flächenberechnung aus Koordinaten 3.3 Absteckung und Teilung gegebener Dreiecksflächen 3.4 Absteckung und Teilung gegebener Vierecksflächen 4 Kreis und Ellipse 4.1 Kreisbogen und Kreissegment 4.2 Näherungsformeln für flache Kreisbögen 4.3 Sehnen-Tangenten-Verfahren 4.4 Grundlegendes über Ellipsen 4.5 Abplattung und Exzentrizitäten 4.6 Die Meridianellipse der Erde 4.7 Flächeninhalt und Bogenlängen 5 Ebene Einschneideverfahren 5.1 Bogenschnitt 5.2 Vorwärtsschnitt 5.3 Anwendung: Geradenschnitt 5.4 Anwendung: Kreis durch drei Punkte 5.5 Schnitt Gerade ⎼ Kreis oder Strahl ⎼ Kreis 5.6 Rückwärtsschnitt 5.7 Anwendung: Rechteck durch fünf Punkte 6 Ebene Koordinatentransformationen 6.1 Elementare Transformationsschritte 6.2 Rotation und Translation. 6.3 Rotation, Skalierung und Translation 6.4 Ähnlichkeitstransformation mit zwei identischen Punkten 6.5 Anwendung: Hansensche Aufgabe 6.6 Anwendung: Kleinpunktberechnung 6.7 Anwendung: Rechteck durch fünf Punkte 6.8 Ebene Helmert-Transformation 6.9 Bestimmung der Parameter bei Rotation und Translation 6.10 Ebene Affintransformation 7 Lösungen<br>This manuscript evolved from lectures on Geodetic Computations at the University of Applied Sciences Dresden (Germany). Since this lecture is given in the first or second semester, no advanced mathematical methods are used. The range of topics is limited to elementary computations in the plane.:0 Vorwort 1 Ebene Trigonometrie 1.1 Winkelfunktionen 1.2 Berechnung schiefwinkliger ebener Dreiecke 1.3 Berechnung schiefwinkliger ebener Vierecke 2 Ebene Koordinatenrechnung 2.1 Kartesische und Polarkoordinaten 2.2 Erste Geodätische Grundaufgabe 2.3 Zweite Geodätische Grundaufgabe 3 Flächenberechnung und Flächenteilung 3.1 Flächenberechnung aus Maßzahlen. 3.2 Flächenberechnung aus Koordinaten 3.3 Absteckung und Teilung gegebener Dreiecksflächen 3.4 Absteckung und Teilung gegebener Vierecksflächen 4 Kreis und Ellipse 4.1 Kreisbogen und Kreissegment 4.2 Näherungsformeln für flache Kreisbögen 4.3 Sehnen-Tangenten-Verfahren 4.4 Grundlegendes über Ellipsen 4.5 Abplattung und Exzentrizitäten 4.6 Die Meridianellipse der Erde 4.7 Flächeninhalt und Bogenlängen 5 Ebene Einschneideverfahren 5.1 Bogenschnitt 5.2 Vorwärtsschnitt 5.3 Anwendung: Geradenschnitt 5.4 Anwendung: Kreis durch drei Punkte 5.5 Schnitt Gerade ⎼ Kreis oder Strahl ⎼ Kreis 5.6 Rückwärtsschnitt 5.7 Anwendung: Rechteck durch fünf Punkte 6 Ebene Koordinatentransformationen 6.1 Elementare Transformationsschritte 6.2 Rotation und Translation. 6.3 Rotation, Skalierung und Translation 6.4 Ähnlichkeitstransformation mit zwei identischen Punkten 6.5 Anwendung: Hansensche Aufgabe 6.6 Anwendung: Kleinpunktberechnung 6.7 Anwendung: Rechteck durch fünf Punkte 6.8 Ebene Helmert-Transformation 6.9 Bestimmung der Parameter bei Rotation und Translation 6.10 Ebene Affintransformation 7 Lösungen

This written thesis supports the MFA exhibition, Circle. In both thesis and exhibition, I articulate that the act of speaking language creates connection for both the speaker and the listener to the history of knowledge and ideas within its specific community of origin. The spoken language is connected to the history of knowledge and ideas within its specific community of origin and has a structure which implies physicality; therefore, the spoken language exists beside other established created objects within indigenous practice. Through the documentation of unique situations of indigenous language speaking within contexts of cultural practice, this thesis articulates my process of speaking my indigenous Tahltan language as a performance of indigenous Tahltan meaning which, in turn, is part of the creation process of the indigenous Tahltan objects in Circle. Both thesis and exhibition together are an offering of a blanket, a river, stones, salmon, and the Tahltan land, as an embodied practice of articulating Tahltan epistemologies through the creation of objects connected to spoken Tahltan language.

<p> Due to the mounting rate of patients suffering from PTSD starting at a young age, there have been many studies and guidelines to help improve the conditions of these patients. Though there are many hospitals focusing on treatment of patients suffering from mental diseases, none of these hospitals or clinics concentrate on the welfare of the children suffering from PTSD specifically. The business plan discussed here addresses this concern. It is a healing center &ldquo;Golden Circle&rdquo; providing care and treatment to young adults aged between 13&ndash;25 years suffering from PTSD especially after road traffic accidents located in Los Angeles County. Golden Circle business plan is proposed to help identify the market trends and areas of concern by studying the company analysis, market potential and demand, competitor analysis, customer analysis, marketing strategy, feasibility and SWOT analysis, legal and regulatory issues and finally the financial analysis. Golden Circle is anticipated to help the society as well as generate good profit.</p><p>

Il Settecento è il secolo delle accademie che in Italia, come nel resto d Europa, svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nel favorire i contatti tra gli intellettuali, agevolando sia la diffusione della cultura illuministica sia la circolazione del sapere tradizionale. Sponsor di una conoscenza pragmatica, socializzabile, universale, esse rappresentano i centri nevralgici di una ideale Repubblica delle Lettere. La nostra ricerca, incentrata su tali sodalizi diffusi e numerosi anche in Sicilia, contribuisce a gettare nuova luce sulla rinascita culturale dell isola seguita a un lungo periodo d instabilità politica ed economica, aggravato dal terribile terremoto di fine Seicento. I fermenti di rinnovamento si trasmettono proprio attraverso le società accademiche, che riescono a garantire a scienziati ed eruditi spazi destinati alle tavole rotonde e agli esperimenti. Il lavoro è incentrato sulla produzione letteraria nei circoli della Sicilia sud-orientale ed è strutturato in quattro unità. Al primo capitolo critico-metodologico, articolato nell illustrazione del contesto storico-letterario regionale all interno del più ampio scenario nazionale; nell analisi di temi, forme e stili e nell approfondimento dei nodi cruciali del dibattito metaletterario, fanno seguito tre capitoli dedicati all analisi critica, alla descrizione e alla trascrizione dei codici settecenteschi rintracciati in biblioteche e archivi pubblici e in fondi privati suddivisi in base alle tre zone d interesse individuate: l area etnea, l area aretusea e quella iblea. Tra i numerosi documenti inediti che offriamo in questo studio, particolare valore assumono: la Raccolta di Prose e Poesie di Niccolò Paternò Castello di Ricalcaccia, socio degli Etnei; le Rime e Prose del Cavaliere Saverio Landolina Nava, pastore Aretuseo; i Vagiti della penna dell Infuocato modicano Tommaso Campailla.

Artist Statement From my earliest memories pattern and repetition of the details in my surroundings were things that caught my attention. The patterns found in the living room wallpaper, the fabric of my mom’s dress, the texture in the buttons found in the sewing box were all fascinating to me. Figuring out the rules of the pattern and being able to predict what came next satisfied my need for order. More recently, I have found myself breaking the rules of predictability by disrupting pattern and combining unexpected materials. With a focus on textiles, I am inspired by and drawn to processes that can be used to simulate the lines, pattern, repetition, and unexpected variety that is found in nature and architecture. There is whimsy in the multiple threads that make up the sights around us expressed in color and stitched line. I cycle through a process of identifying textures and patterns that attract me, then finding new ways to translate them in my art.

This reflexive documentary film explores the Alabama-Coushatta Indian Tribe of Texas and examines questions of cultural identity. The twenty-one minute film uses footage of cultural events, reservation landscape, photographs, and interviews to bring the viewer into the lives of the Alabama-Coushatta people. The written portion of this thesis details the entire processes of making the film, from the proposal stage to the post-production stage. This includes an examination of the film's evolution from using a proposed ethnographic approach to one less scientific and more personal.

The text and accompanying video tape describe the "talking circle" ritual as it is being used spiritually by a Native American group in Southern Arizona. The text analyzes the evolution of the ritual and applies widely accepted models of group therapy to its uses in the following capacities: Spiritually, (and in) Substance Abuse, Education and the Psychological Treatment of Troubled Teen-agers. The video tape features interviews with local practitioners and is narrated by a traditional Chippewa Indian.

Il teorema di Koebe-Andreev-Thurston concerne l'esistenza di impacchettamenti di cerchi con un dato grafo di contatto. In questo lavoro presentiamo una dimostrazione elementare di tale teorema, insieme a qualche esempio di applicazione. Descriveremo, nel terzo capitolo, la congettura di Thurston sull'approssimazione di mappe conformi tamite impacchettamenti di cerchi e daremo una dimostrazione del teorema del separatore planare basata sul teorema di Koebe-Andreev-Thurston.

Many Aboriginal communities and urban Aboriginal people in the field of social services are utilizing Healing Circles. Talking Circles or Sharing Circles as a way of providing group support for people who are dealing with issues such as addictions, violence, grief, and trauma. The Native Council of Canada's 1993 report affirms that "traditional Healing Circles are being used with increasing frequency in urban Aboriginal communities" (p. 1).

Spherical circle planes are topological incidence geometries; one has a 2- sphere P and a collection of 1-spheres in P such that any three points in P determine exactly one of these 1-spheres (the ‘circles’ of the spherical circle plane). A determination of the homeomorphism type of the circle space (the collection of 1-spheres suitably topologised) of a topological 2-dimensional Möbius plane, which is a spherical circle plane with the additional property of the axiom of touching, was given by Karl Strambach in 1974. Embeddable spherical circle planes are a type of spherical circle plane that are not, in general, Möbius planes, constructed on a 2-sphere P in ℝ3 by taking the circles to be precisely the non-trivial plane intersections in ℝ3 with P. We show that the circle space of an embeddable spherical circle plane is homeomorphic to the 3-dimensional projective space minus one point. Furthermore, it is shown that the flag space of an embeddable spherical circle plane is homeomorphic to the flag space of the classical flat Möbius plane; a topological description of the latter is also given. An apparent gap is the literature is also filled: we prove the well-known conjecture that the flag space of a general spherical circle plane is a 4-dimensional manifold. Finally, we define the notion of isotopy equivalence between spherical circle planes and prove that embeddable spherical circle planes are isotopy equivalent to the classical flat Möbius plane.

viii, 109 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Chapter I. Prologue -- Chapter II. The Gerhardts -- Chapter III. Frank and Evelyn<br>Chair of the Examining Committee: David Bradley

[ES] Los polígonos slivers son áreas que aparecen en los bordes de otros polígonos fruto de una digitalización defectuosa o de superposiciones geográficas de capas de información con contornos de polígonos no coincidentes. Los polígonos slivers son un problema en las bases de datos geográficas no solo en la presentación grafica de los mapas sino en los resultados numéricos obtenidos. Las soluciones a los polígonos slivers están en, por una parte, procurar no crearlos con correctas digitalizaciones o bien, por otra parte, eliminarlos una vez estos polígonos se han creado. En muchas ocasiones es difícil evitar la creación de polígonos slivers, especialmente en la superposición geográfica de capas de distintas procedencias o escalas. Por tanto es frecuente que tengamos que intentar eliminar los slivers una vez creados. El problema principal de eliminar slivers una vez creados es poder detectarlos. Los polígonos slivers pueden adoptar formas muy variadas y aunque en la mayoría de ocasiones son polígonos pequeños también pueden ocupar una gran superficie. En esta tesis se analizan y valoran los métodos clásicos de caracterización de polígonos slivers que vienen descritos en la norma ISO 19138. Del mismo modo se plantean y analizan otros posibles métodos para detectar polígonos slivers como los numerosos índices de forma. Finalmente se propone un método alternativo (Máximo Circulo Inscrito) a un polígono como método para detectar polígonos slivers. Se somete este método a diversa cartografía oficial y se valora su mejora con respecto a los demás métodos<br>Sánchez Marco, M. (2015). Análisis de posibles métodos de detección de polígonos sliver en cartografía vectorial. Propuesta de un método alternativo [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/49559<br>TESIS

This thesis examines the presence of community in Blackfoot Justice Circles through ethnographic, qualitative methods. Five Blackfoot Justice Circles, observed in 1996-1997, and an Innu Healing Justice Circle, are compared in structure, roles and content. The Innu circle data is found as a report and recorded as an appendix to R. v. Sellon (1996). Seven in depth interview held with circle leaders and prominant circle participants generated data used to describe and define current perceptions of traditional concepts among circle leaders on a Blackfoot reserve. Theoretically the work arrives at a principle of justice according to a concept of authentic morality expressed through problem-solving and care. The principle is collectively based on the ideas and works of Menno Boldt, Herman Bianchi, Elliot Studt, John McKnight, Carol Lepannen Montgomery, John Braithwaite, Howard Zehr, and Ruth Morris as well as peacemaking concepts. The study explores transformative justice, as differentiated from restorative and retributive justice.<br>xii, 258 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

The thesis presents the hypothesis that the systematic theology of Paul Tillich (1886-1965) offers significant new benefits towards church unity. The methodology used in pursuit of this aim, is a critical analysis of Tillich's early and late thought. Tillich' s work was influenced by the German philosophical and theological schools and came to expression in American academia in his publication Systematic Theology. The results of this analysis reveal Tillich's consistent commitment to the concept of Gestalt. This finding has been broadened to include the concept that the strength of ecclesial unity is dependent upon the understanding that every ecclesial denomination is an effective element in the constituency of the whole Church. This argument is supported by a deconstruction of Tillich' s system that is keyed into the hermeneutical theories of Gadamer and Derrida. The system is then reconstructed in terms of a new Gestalt that turns on the hypothesis that there is a relationship of synthesis between philosophy and theology within the Tillichian system, rather than the complementary relationship that Tillich claims. This conclusion is based upon the system being perceived as being founded upon the Western classical philosophical and theological traditions. A critique of Tillich's incorporation of modern existential hermeneutics into this system is made principally in relation to the existentialist thought of Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Sartre. A hermeneutic of Tillich' s existential critique serves to highlight the questions that result from existential disruption rather than to label him as an existentialist per se. The system is thus moved forward into the post-modern context under new hermeneutics. An analysis of Tillich's ecclesiology reveals that this is both eschatological and Trinitarian in nature. The relationship between Tillich's system and ecclesiology is brought into dialogue by means of their being expressed in terms of an ecclesiological circle. These hermeneutics are compared and contrasted with the ecclesiologies of Zizioulas and Haight and the published ecumenical documents of The World Council of Churches in order to reveal their commonalties. When the system has thus been applied to the current ecumenical dialogue, then it becomes apparent that the raison d'etre of Tillich's system is the Church and the raison d'etre of the Church is the system. The squaring of Paul Tillich's ecclesiological circle is thus made complete.

MOTIVATION In Richmond, there are 1.21 times as many African Americans as any other ethnic group. Yet 63.4% of African Americans live in poverty (Richmond, VA). African Americans face greater exposure to stress due to low socioeconomic status and poverty. In these communities, “discrimination and deprivation undermine individuals’ ability to accumulate the social and material resources to mitigate the effects of stress” (Brondolo, 2018). In this city’s African American community, where stress levels are high and consequential health concerns are prevalent, dance can be a remedy for managing stress and improving health (Hanna, 2006). DESIGN PROBLEM How can an intentionally designed interior environment support dance as a remedy for stress and its negative health effects? How can the design of this environment celebrate the culture of the African American community? METHODS Literature reviews on the relationship between space and dance will help inform design decisions. Studies of programmatic precedents will focus on spaces involving dance, healing, community engagement and cultural specificity. Studies of conceptual precedents that involve movement, rhythm and the body will take place. Rudolf Laban’s notation system for studying movement in dance will be utilized to analyze the movements required of African dance, resulting in a more targeted design approach. A dancer with a background in African dance will serve as a research advisor. Interviews of African American dancers will be conducted to gain insight into the practice of dance and the needs of a dance space. PRELIMINARY RESULTS Research shows that dance reduces stress levels. Specifically, African dance, significantly decreases perceived stress and repeated practice can lead to overall stress reduction (West, J. et al). African dance’s main purpose is to serve as an expression of the physical and psychological states of individuals, allowing for emotional release.(Welsh-Asante, 1996). Dance can be used to cope with stress by discharging repressed aggression, improving self-esteem and allowing for self expression . Dance also prevents stress through physical exercise (Hanna, 2006). Additionally, research from Steven Holl, Santiago Calatrava and other architectural masters discuss the relationships between dance and architecture. CONCLUSION The research will inform the design of a cultural dance center for the city’s historically African American neighborhood. The interior design of this center will support African dance and culture, foster creativity, and encourage stress reduction. The design will also support the secondary programs of dance movement therapy, seminars, celebrations, community outreach, educational programs, and exhibitions.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-08-07T13:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Erivaldo R. Santana.pdf: 3301648 bytes, checksum: f3e68eae0be26f8d67132dc1bd792d18 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-07T14:09:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Erivaldo R. Santana.pdf: 3301648 bytes, checksum: f3e68eae0be26f8d67132dc1bd792d18 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-07T14:11:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Erivaldo R. Santana.pdf: 3301648 bytes, checksum: f3e68eae0be26f8d67132dc1bd792d18 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-07T14:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Erivaldo R. Santana.pdf: 3301648 bytes, checksum: f3e68eae0be26f8d67132dc1bd792d18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-30<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This work bears the purpose of setting up the course of the circle quadrature solution attempts, as well as to mention its influences, contributions for the mathematics development until now and to incentive the geometry dynamics use. In it we produce a possible explanation of how geometry has been created besides of a brief study on the number followed of the production GeoGebra software, the too we have utilized to build up the figures and the work implementations. We will utilize the areas equivalence based on Euclides elements to solve an initial problem: that of constructing a quadrilateral equivalent to a given pentagon and, for such, it will be necessary the demonstration of some propositions. We will utilize the square to relate its areas with those of the polygonal figures through the âquadratureâ method. With such we will execute the rectangle, triangle, pentagon quadrature, and that of the convex n sides polygon. We will utilize Pitagoras theorem to sum up the squares areas by bringing up brief comments about its use. Afterward this method will also the utilized in the attempt of squaring the curvelin figures such as the circle which has later on originated the problem of the circle quadrature. For explain such a problem we will utilize the geometric construction along with the demonstration of two methods for obtaining the circle quadrature and its respective results and comparisons. In the sequence, we will know what the are constructive numbers, algebraic and transcendent, which will enable us to reach to a classification of the number and its relation to the circle quadrature problem, reaching out the answer to our problem. While defining the geometrical average we will demonstrate how to obtain some quadrature utilized in such an average in the proposed activities. In other words, we can say that this work aims to produce the circle quadrature problem, the investigation of the methods developed by mathematicians for the solution of this problem in the course of history and, finally, an ascertainment on the answer these methods point us.<br>Este trabalho tem o intuito de traçar o percurso das tentativas de solução da quadratura do círculo, bem como citar suas influências, contribuições para o desenvolvimento da matemática até os dias de hoje e incentivar o uso da geometria dinâmica. Nele apresentamos uma possível explicação de como surgiu a geometria, além de um breve estudo sobre o número , seguido de uma apresentação do software GeoGebra, ferramenta que utilizamos para construção das figuras e das implementações do trabalho. Utilizaremos a equivalência de áreas baseada na obra dos elementos de Euclides para resolvermos um problema inicial: o de construir um quadrilátero equivalente a um pentágono dado e, para isso, será necessária a demonstração de algumas proposições. Utilizaremos o quadrado para relacionarmos a sua área com as das demais figuras poligonais pelo método da "quadratura". Com isso, executaremos as quadraturas do retângulo, triângulo, pentágono e do polígono convexo de n lados. Utilizaremos o Teorema de Pitágoras para somarmos áreas de quadrados, tecendo breves comentários acerca de seu uso. Posteriormente esse método também foi utilizado na tentativa de quadrar-se áreas de figuras curvilíneas, como o círculo, no que mais tarde originou o problema da quadratura do círculo. Para a exposição deste problema mostraremos a construção geométrica e a demonstração de dois métodos para obtermos a quadratura do círculo e seus respectivos resultados e comparações. Em seguida, definiremos o que são números construtíveis, algébricos e transcendentes, o que nos possibilitará chegar a uma classificação do número e sua relação com o problema da quadratura do círculo, chegando à resposta do nosso problema. Ao definirmos a média geométrica, mostraremos como obter algumas quadraturas utilizando essa média nas atividades propostas. Em outras palavras, podemos dizer que este trabalho objetiva apresentar o problema da quadratura do círculo, a investigação de métodos desenvolvidos por matemáticos para resolução deste problema ao longo da história e finalmente uma constatação acerca da resposta que estes métodos nos apontam.

Magnetic nanoparticles have great potential in the biomedical and diagnostics field. Due to their small size, the particles have a high surface-to-volume ratio which enables for biofunctionalisation with different molecular probes. This makes itpossible to target them against a wide variety of biomarkers. In this project, the aim was to develop a magnetic nanoparticle-based DNA detection method with respectto sensitivity by employing circle-to-circle amplification, which is an extension of rolling circle amplification, in order to increase the assay sensitivity. The method provides high specificity due to the use of padlock probes for amplification. The project included testing and optimising the protocol used for DNA amplification and detection with a synthetic target, which involved testing different padlock probes, incubation times and incubation temperatures. Lastly, the method was tested on a biological target. It has recently been shown that specific aggregation occurs between magnetic nanoparticles and DNA, which enables for a visual readout strategy sincethe aggregates are visible to the naked eye. Initial testing of the method yielded asensitivity of about 100 attomoles. The achieved sensitivity after the optimisation work was 1 attomole of both synthetic and biological DNA targets. This is an improvement compared to the 400 attomoles that has previously been reported with one round of rolling circle amplification. The results can be used in further development of the naked-eye DNA detection method towards the realisation of a commercially attractive bioanalytical device.

In this thesis we investigate a new and highly geometric approach to studying finite subset spaces of the circle. By considering the circle as the boundary of the hyperbolic plane, we are able to use the full force of hyperbolic geometry—in particular, its well-understood group of isometries—to determine explicitely the structure of the first few configuration spaces of the circle S¹. Once these are understood we then move onto studying their union—that is, exp₃(S¹,)—and in particular, we re-prove both an old theorem of Bott and a newer (unpublished) result of E . Щепин (E. Shchepin) about this space.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Mathematics, Department of<br>Graduate

Quality circles are a form of group activity designed to impact on attitudes to work and to improve company performance. This study notes the introduction and rise in importance of this phenomenon in UK industry and sets out to examine the concept in operation. The quality circle is defined and explored and its aims and objectives are examined. The literature on quality circles is reviewed and is found to comprise mainly anecdotal articles written for management journals, although the amount of rigorous research is growing. Its place in wider management theory is then considered, focussing on a number of key areas which the quality circle can be said to span. The second part of the thesis describes the case study of quality circles in action at an electronics firm, which was the backbone of the three year research programme. A number of hypotheses were developed and they are discussed in turn. A research methodology was subsequently devised to throw light on the most significant of these hypotheses, using three main techniques - attitude survey, interview and group process observation. The resultant data is described and presented in tables to be found in the appendices. Conclusions are drawn about the quality circle programme under scrutiny. It was not thought prudent to generalise too far, but a number of less specific conclusions are expressed, together with suggestions for further work in the field which would generate useful results.

This thesis will focus on the transitional influences that have led me to start the second circle of my professional life. It is an open and honest exploration of the back-story of my life and the academic and professional influences that led me to seek a Master of Fine Arts Degree at Virginia Commonwealth University. With no parallels and therefore no excuses insinuated, I will be open and dissect more of myself as the whole focus of the thesis in hopes of offering clarity to myself and other mature and disabled students seeking to become a better teacher and artist.