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1
Le, Roux Géraldine. "Création, réception et circulation internationale des arts aborigènes contemporains : ethnographie impliquée et multi-située avec des artistes de la côte est de l'Australie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0431.
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La thèse examine les formes d’interaction développées par des artistes aborigènes de la côte est de l’Australie avec des marchands d’art et des commissaires d’exposition. A partir d’observations ethnographiques menées entre 2003 et 2008 auprès de Boomalli, une coopérative aborigène fondée en 1987 à Sydney, du Lockhart River Art Gang, un groupe de peintres du Cap York constitué en 1996 et de proppaNOW, un collectif aborigène institué à Brisbane en 2004 , j’ai observé la manière dont leurs œuvres sont représentées dans les expositions et la réaction critique des artistes à cette représentation. Je fais l’hypothèse que le soutien institutionnel et le développement d’une industrie de l’art ont entraîné une agentivité spécifique et des réponses créative de la part de certains artistes résidant en ville. A partir d’une analyse systématique des expositions organisées en France depuis 1979, j’examine la place qu’occupent les marchands d’art et les membres associatifs dans la circulation des œuvres en France et réalise une analyse détaillée de la réception de l’art aborigène. L’analyse ethnographique de mon rôle de commissaire d’exposition indépendante offre une intéressante perspective sur une figure majeure du monde de l’art contemporain, un intermédiaire encore peu étudié en sciences sociales. Mon positionnement multi-sites (géographique) et multi-situé (domaine d’activité) me permet de retracer un vaste ensemble de rapports de concurrences et d’alliances entourant les différentes étapes de valorisation culturelle et économique de l’art aborigène, de sa production locale et à sa réception internationaleThis thesis examines the forms of interaction that Aboriginal artists from the east-coast of Australia have with art dealers and curators. This study stems from ethnographic observations made between 2003 and 2008 and undertaken among artists from Boomalli – an Aboriginal cooperative which was founded in 1987 in Sydney -, painters from Lockhart River Art Gang created in 1996 and founding members of proppaNOW – another Aboriginal collective established in Brisbane in 2004. This thesis examines the criticisms expressed and the explanations given by urban artists in commenting upon their representation in national and international art exhibitions. I postulate that the development of an art industry brings an agency specific to certain urban-based artists. Through a systematic analysis of exhibitions organised in France since 1979, I examine the role of art dealers and members of organisations and civil society in the circulation of these artworks in France and I carry out a detailed analysis of the reception of Aboriginal artwork. The Ethnographic analysis of my role as an independent curator provides an interesting perspective on a major figure of the contemporary art world, an intermediary who still remains underexplored in the social sciences. My own positioning, which is multi-sited (in terms of geography) and multi-situated (in terms of areas of activity), enables me to reconstitute a large composite of competitive and collaborative relations which surround the different stages of cultural and economic promotion and development of Aboriginal art, from its local production to its international reception
2
James, Karl. "The final campaigns Bougainville 1944-1945 /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060712.150556/index.html.
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Wicks, Keren. ""Teaching the art of living" : the development of special education services in South Australia, 1915-1975 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6367.pdf.
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Slater, John Gilmour. "Pictorial images of urban Australia 1919-1945 : attitudes and functions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364430.
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Kirk, Joyce, and n/a. "Portrayal of aged characters in Australian award-winning children's novels 1946-1985." University of Canberra. Library & Information Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050711.143505.
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The study investigated the nature of the
portrayal of aged characters in children's novels which
won Children's Book Council of Australia's awards in
the period from 1946 to 1985. By means of content
analysis, the demographic, personal and behavioural
characteristics of aged characters were identified on a
thirty-four item checklist. From these characteristics
a portrayal score was derived to represent the extent
of variation in the depiction of aged characters in the
novels examined.
Analysis of variance tests indicated that the
level of variation in portrayal scores was
significantly related to the position of importance of
aged characters in novels. The portrayal of aged
characters did not vary according either to the
approach to story adopted in Australian award-winning
novels, or to the period in which the award was
granted.
It seems that although aged characters taken as
a whole in the novels studied display the variety of
characteristics attributed to aged people in the
literature of gerontology, individually many of these
aged characters are depicted in a somewhat limited way.
There is evidence to suggest that aged characters in
Australian award-winning children's novels do not
adequately reflect the demographic characteristics of
aged people in the Australian population. In terms of
range of social settings in which they are depicted is
restricted. So too, is the range of behaviours in which
they engage.
This rather limited depiction of aged
characters means that readers of Australian award-winning
children's novels are presented with a
restricted and unrealistic view of the aged and of the
condition of being aged. If children's novels serve as
one of the socialisation agents for young people, then
the limited portrayal of aged characters presented in
those novels may be a cause for concern, especially as
there are few indications that the depiction of aged
characters generally in more recent award-winning
novels has become more varied and realistic.
6
Tosco, Amedeo, and n/a. "The Italo-Australian Press: Media and Mass Communication in the Emigration World 1900-1940." Griffith University. School of Humanities, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070215.111854.
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L'idea di questa tesi nasce da una serie di circostanze, prima tra tutte la professione dell'autore che per quindici anni ha svolto in Italia l'attività di giornalista, lavorando prima al Messaggero di Roma, come cronista, e successivamente alla Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana in qualità di redattore di 'giudiziaria' . Inoltre, l'autore di questa tesi, ha fatto una interessantissima esperienza professionale sia come critico cinematografico e sia come 'pastonista politico' presso la redazione romana del Giornale Nuovo - coordinata in quegli anni da Cesare Zappulli - quando era direttore il grande e indimenticabile Indro Montanelli, prima cioè che quell'arruffapopoli di Berlusconi affondasse completamente il giornale, trasformandolo nel bollettino parrocchiale di quel guazzabuglio politico che è 'Forza Italia' Questo non è il nostro primo cimento nel campo della storia del giornalismo in quanto segue una tesi di Master, conseguita al dipartimento di Storia dell'University of Queensland e che ha avuto come relatore il Dr. Don Dignan, dal titolo 'Press and Consensus in Fascist Italy'. In questa prima tesi è stata affrontata la fascistizzazione della stampa italiana tra il 1922 ed il 1940 e il modo in cui Mussolini, che capì esattamente l'importanza dei media e del controllo dell'informazione, creò quella corrente di consenso che permise al fascismo di governare indisturbato per tutto il 'ventennio'. In quella tesi di Master è stato anche affrontato e studiato il modo in cui i giornalisti (gli sceneggiatori del regime) ed i giornali, sia essi 'indipendenti' e di partito, manipolarono le notizie per darle in pasto ai propri lettori, con tutte quelle interpolazioni, ridondanze ed ombre che identificano il modo tuttora esistenze di concepire e fare un giornale. Nella nostra tesi di Ph.D. seguiremo una traccia similare, cercando di vedere e di analizzare se anche la stampa etnica ha usato, direttamente o indirettamente, forme di manipolazioni, di interferenze o di ridondanze nel creare e porgere le notizie al lettore italo-australiano. Inoltre è nostro intento accertare fino a che punto questa stampa ha creato un consenso verso particolari scelte politiche, sociali e di costume e se questo consenso è stato accettato dai lettori etnici, e in che misura. In altre parole il quesito che in linea di massima ci poniamo è identificare che influenza ha avuto la stampa etnica sulla comunità italiana. I problemi che questo tipo di ricerca implica sono stati numerosi, soprattutto dovuti al fatto che non esiste una letteratura specifica e non vi sono studi, nel campo del giornalismo italo-australiano, dei primi quaranta anni del novecento. Inoltre la maggior parte dei giornali pubblicati in quegli anni sono andati distrutti. Si è cercato inoltre di delineare una immagine dei problemi e delle aspirazioni della comunità italo-australiana attraverso l'analisi della stampa etnica, visto che la maggior parte degli autori hanno affrontato, fino ad oggi, questo tema usando documenti ufficiali o racconti e testimonianze di persone vissute nel periodo analizzato dalla nostra tesi. Abbiamo cercato, quindi, di dare una nuova luce e, quando è stato possibile, di dare la giusta dimensione agli avvenimenti accaduti dato che quanto veniva pubblicato sulle colonne dei giornali era scritto a 'caldo', senza influenze burocratiche e senza il filtro del tempo e delle memorie che spesso distorcono la realtà creando affabulazioni lontane dalla realtà.
7
Whitehouse, Denise Mary 1947. "The Contemporary Art Society of NSW and the theory and production of contemporary abstraction in Australia, 1947-1961." Monash University, Dept. of Visual Arts, 1999. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8387.
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Cadd, Larissa J. "The Australian War Crimes Act 1945 (as amended 1988) : a political perspective /." Title page,contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arc121.pdf.
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9
Day, Anna. "Rupert Bunny and Margaret Preston : visions and visability of Australian art, 1920-1940 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard2731.pdf.
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10
McCarthy, Dayton. "The once and future army an organizational, political, and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974/." Connect to this title online, 1997. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20020722.120746/.
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11
Sedgwick, Enid. "Kulturelle Beziehungen : German-Australian literary links in Catherine Martin's An Australian girl and Henry Handel Richardson's Maurice Guest." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. German Studies, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0140.
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This thesis demonstrates the close links between Australian literature and German thought and culture in Catherine Martin's An Australian Girl (1890) and Henry Handel Richardson's Maurice Guest (1908), and thereby provides a fuller understanding of the sophisticated literary and intellectual purposes of these two works. In examining the German elements in each novel, and the contexts from which much of that material is drawn, this study seeks to supplement the scholarly explanations provided in the two Academy Editions of these works. While Maurice Guest has received serious scholarly attention, An Australian Girl has been accorded relatively little. Despite generally favourable reviews on publication, both appear to have been undervalued over time. The study begins with a brief historical survey of German migration to Australia and the contribution German migrants made to the intellectual life and culture of the evolving nation. The examination of Catherine Martin's work includes: biographical details, particularly concerning her contact with German culture; an analysis of the form of the novel and a comparison of An Australian Girl with Goethe's Bildungsroman Wilhelm Meister with regard to form, theme and characterisation; an analysis of German philosophical elements in the novel; and Martin's presentation of social conditions in Germany in 1888-90, and their role in the novel as a whole. The examination of Henry Handel Richardson's work encompasses: biographical details; the genesis of Maurice Guest; differences between the reception of the novel in England and Germany; the genre to which the novel belongs and parallels with Künstlerromane; an analysis of Richardson's description of the physical, historical and intellectual milieu of Leipzig, and its role in the novel; and finally her integration of German social customs and the German language into the text. Use has been made of five primary sources which have not been used before in any detail with regard to these aspects of either author: additional material from the Mount Gambier Border Watch; The Hatbox Letters, the family history of the Martin and Clarke families; the German translation of Maurice Guest; German reviews of Maurice Guest; and the correspondence between Richardson and her French translator Paul Solanges. The key argument of this thesis is that the German influence on both form and content, in the case of An Australian Girl, and on style and content, in the case of Maurice Guest, is deep and various, and that these German elements have proved to be an impediment to a full understanding and appreciation of these novels for many Anglo-Saxon readers and reviewers. In the two novels Martin and Richardson provide pointers to Australia's earlier interaction with the wider world and display a level of sophistication which makes these works worthy of greater recognition than they currently enjoy.
12
Wood, Susan, and s2000093@student rmit edu au. "Creative embroidery in New South Wales, 1960 - 1975." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070206.160246.
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In the years between 1960 and 1975 in NSW there emerged a loosely connected network of women interested in modern or creative embroidery. The Embroiderers' Guild of NSW served as a focus for many of these women, providing opportunities for them to exhibit their work, and to engage in embroidery education as teachers or as learners. Others worked independently, exhibited in commercial galleries and endeavoured to establish reputations as professional artists. Some of these women were trained artists and wanted embroidery to be seen as 'art'; others were enthusiastic amateurs, engaged in embroidery as a form of 'serious leisure'. They played a significant role in the development of creative embroidery and textile art in NSW and yet, for the most part, their story is absent from the narratives of Australian art and craft history. These women were involved in a network of interactions which displayed many of the characteristics of more organised art worlds, as posite d by sociologist Howard Becker. They produced work according to shared conventions, they established co-operative links with each other and with other organisations, they organised educational opportunities to encourage others to take up creative embroidery and they mounted exhibitions to facilitate engagement with a public audience. Although their absence from the literature suggests that they operated in isolation, my research indicates that there were many points of contact between the embroidery world, the broader craft world and the fine art community in NSW. This thesis examines the context in which creative embroiderers worked, discusses the careers of key individuals working at this time, explores the interactions between them, and evaluates the influence that they had on later practice in embroidery and textiles in NSW.
13
Brown, Sarah. "Imagining 'environment' in Australian suburbia : an environmental history of the suburban landscapes of Canberra and Perth, 1946-1996." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0094.
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Australia is a suburban nation. Today, with increasing concern regarding the sustainability of cities, an appreciation of the complexities of Australian suburbia is critical to the debate about urban futures. As a built environment and a cultural phenomenon, the Australian suburbs have inspired considerable scholarly literature. Yet to date, such scholarly work has largely overlooked the changing environmental values and visions of those shaping and residing within suburban landscapes, and the practices through which such values and visions are materialised in the processes of suburban development. Focusing on the post-war suburban landscapes of Canberra and Perth, this thesis centralises the environmental, political and economic forces that have shaped human action to construct suburban spaces, paying particular attention to the extent to which individual understandings and visions of 'environment' have determined the shape and nature of suburban development. Specifically, it examines how those operating within Australias suburbs, including planners, developers, builders, landscape designers and residents have imagined the 'environment', and how such imaginaries have shifted in response to varying spatial, temporal and ideological contexts. Tracing the shifting nature of environmental concern throughout the mid-to-late twentieth century, it argues that despite the somewhat unsustainable nature of Australia's suburban landscapes, the planning and development of such landscapes has long been influenced by and has responded to differing understandings of 'environment', which themselves are the product of changing social, political and economic concerns. In doing so, this thesis challenges a number of perceptions concerning Australian suburbs, environmental awareness and sustainability. In particular, it contests the assumption that environmental concern for Australia's suburban development emerged with the urban consolidation debates of the 1980s and 1990s, and analyses a range of environmental sensibilities not often acknowledged in current histories of Australian environmentalism. By examining, for example, how the deterministic and economic concerns of differing planning bodies, along with the aesthetic and ecological concerns of various planners, are intertwined with the housing and domestic lifestyle preferences of suburban homeowners, this history brings to the fore the often conflicting environmental ideas and practices that arise in the course of suburban development, and provides a more nuanced history of the diversity of environmental sensibilities. In sum, this thesis enhances our understandings of the changing nature of environmental concern and illuminates the complex, still largely misunderstood, environmental ideas and practices that arise in the processes of suburban development.
14
Williamson, Corbin M. "We Are Still One Fleet: U.S. Navy Relations with the British, Canadian, and Australian Navies, 1945–1953." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1446052675.
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Gray, Sally Suzette Clelland School of Art History & Theory UNSW. "There's always more: the art of David McDiarmid." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Art History and Theory, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32495.
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This thesis argues that the work of the artist David McDiarmid is to be read as an enactment of late twentieth century gay male and queer politics. It will analyse how both the idea and the cultural specificity of ???America??? impacted on the work of this Australian artist resident in New York from 1979 to 1987. The thesis examines how African American music, The Beats, notions of ???hip??? and ???cool???, street art and graffiti, the underground dance club Paradise Garage, street cruising and gay male urban culture influenced the sensibility and the materiality of the artist???s work. McDiarmid???s cultural practice of dress and adornment, it is proposed, forms an essential part of his creative oeuvre and of the ???queer worldmaking??? which is the driver of his creative achievements. The thesis proposes that McDiarmid was a Proto-queer artist before the politics of queer emerged in the 1980s and that his work, including his own life-as-art practices of dress and adornment, enact a mobile rather than fixed gay male identity.
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Foster, Michael E., and n/a. "The Praxis of Theatre Directing: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Directorial Paradigms and Radical Group Theatre in Australia Since 1975." Griffith University. School of Arts, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040810.091417.
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The thesis investigates the field of Theatre practice variously referred to as alternative, non-mainstream, avant-garde, community or fringe theatre. I have suggested the term 'Radical Group Theatre' - a term which, I believe, best encompasses the sector formerly represented by this diverse body of theatre practice. I focus on the relationship between theoretical and practical paradigms, and debates surrounding them; theatre making processes; and directorial practice in a theatre form which has emerged as a distinctive set of characteristics, ideological frameworks and practices in the Australian context. The work is strongly informed by the perspectives and practices of a range of major contributors to the field. It notes the inadequacy of conventional analytics and established understandings of the theory/practice nexus for exploring Radical Group Theatre, and establishes an alternate set of frameworks. These enable fresh engagement with the development and current praxis of an important theatre form which has not previously been considered as a whole field yet has taken particularly exciting directions in Australia over the past three decades. Methodology and objectives: An important aspect of the study is the way in which the research methodology parallels the practice under investigation. That is, the practice of Radical Group Theatre in Australia mirrors the 'Reflective Reflexive Loop' which I propose as the pre-eminent principle of the praxis. The methodology has developed out of my Masters degree research which was an interrogation of my directorial practice in the field of Youth/Community theatre, 1976-1989. I was further interested to analyse the field of group theatre to determine whether common key principles identified as characteristics of the form in the earlier study constituted the basis for an analytical model of Radical Group Theatre praxis. The investigation for this thesis began with a project designed to synthesise the essential qualities of directorial practice: the qualities of the good director, the major influences on practice, and the expectations participants have regarding the function of the director. The preliminary findings formed the basis for a comparative study which sought answers to the key questions as they apply to a pre-professional radical theatre setting - university student theatre. This project gave birth to the focus questions of the study which established the theoretical and methodological frames for the thesis.
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Philp, Robert Henry Haldon. ""Steel all through" the Church of England in central Queensland : transplantation and adaptation, 1892-1942 /." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://elvis.cqu.edu.au/thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20031117.164918/index.html.
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Wright, Trudy, and n/a. "Primary health care : the health care system and nurse education in Australia, 1985-1990." University of Canberra. Education, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.171759.
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Primary health care as a model for the provision of health services was
introduced by the World Health Organization In the mid 1970s. Initially
viewed as a means of health promotion and advancement of wellness in
developing countries., it was soon to be adopted by industrialised countries to
assist in relieving the demand on acute care services. This was to be achieved
through education of the community towards good health practices and the
preparation of nurses to practice in the community, outside of the acute care
environment Australian nurses were slow to respond to this philosophy of
health care and this study has sought to examine why this is so. It has been
found that there are a multitude of reasons for the lack of action In the decade
or more following the Declaration of Alma Ata and the major Issues have been
identified and elaborated.
Some of the major reports of the time that were associated with and had some
Influence on health care and nurse education have been examined to identify
recommendations and how much they support the ethos of primary health
care. These include the Sax committee report of 1978 and a submission by
the Department of Employment and Industrial Relations In 1987.
As part of the investigation, nursing curricula from around Australia in the
mid 1980s have been examined to determine the degree of the primary health
care content according to guidelines recommended by the World Health
Organization. It was found that generally at that time, there was a deficit In
the preparation of undergraduate students of nursing for practice In the area
of primary health care when the world, including industrialised nations, was
making moves towards this model of health care delivery.
Factors Influencing the slow response of nursing have been examined and
finally recommendations for further studies have been put forward.
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Parker, Pauline Frances, and paulinefparker@gmail com. "Girls, Empowerment and Education: a History of the Mac. Robertson Girls' High School 1905-2005." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080516.164340.
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Despite the considerable significance of publicly funded education in the making of Australian society, state school histories are few in number. In comparison, most corporate and private schools have cemented their sense of community and tradition through full-length publications. This history attempts to redress this imbalance. It is an important social history because this school, Mac.Robertson Girls' High School can trace its origins back to 1905, to the very beginnings of state secondary education when the Melbourne Continuation School (MCS), later Melbourne High School (MHS) and Melbourne Girls' high School (MGHS) was established. Since it is now recognised that there are substantial state, regional and other differences between schools and their local communities, studies of individual schools are needed to underpin more general overviews of particular issues. This history, then, has wider significance: it traces strands of the development of girls' education in Victoria, thus examining the significance and dynamics of single-sex schooling, the education of girls more generally, and, importantly, girls' own experiences (and memories of experiences) of secondary schooling, as well as the meaning they made of those experiences. 'Girls, Education and Empowerment: A History of The Mac.Robertson Girls' High School 1905-2005', departs from traditional models of school history writing that tend to focus on the decision-makers and bureaucrats in education as well as documenting the most 'successful' former students who have made their mark in the world. Drawing on numerous narrative sources and documentary evidence, this history is organised thematically to contextualise and examine what is was like, and meant, to be a girl at this school (Melbourne Continuation School 1905-12; Melbourne High School 1912-27; Melbourne Girls' High School 1927-34, and Mac.Robertson Girls' High School from 1934) during a century of immense social, economic, political and educational change.
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Webb, Rosemary Ferguson. "Australian girl readers, femininities and feminism in the Second World War (1939-1945) a study of subjectivity and agency /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050706.111946/index.html.
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Chaka, Limakatso Elizabeth. "Pitseng de Thomas Mofolo, roman sesotho (Afrique australe) : texte et contexte." Paris, INALCO, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INAL0019.
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Thomas Mokopu Mofolo (1876-1948), né au Lesotho, est l'auteur de trois romans de langue sesotho : "Moeti oa bochabela" (1907), "L'homme qui marchait vers le soleil levant" (2003), "Pitseng" (1910) et "Chaka" (1925), "Chaka, une épopée bantoue" (1940). L'objectif de la thèse est d'analyser le roman "Pitseng" en le situant par rapport à son contexte de production et à l'ensemble de l'oeuvre romanesque de l'auteur. Pour ce faire, nous traduisons le roman en français, en respectant le registre de langue et le style proche de l'oralité, et Mofolo étant le premier romancier de langue sesotho, le contexte d'émergence de cette littérature est étudié notamment le rôle de la prese missionnaire et sa relation avec la littérature locale ainsi que la standardisation de l'orthographe de la langue sesotho du sud en 1906 (chapitre 1). L'analyse du roman Pitseng comprend cinq chapitres : la présentation générale portant sur l'organisation du récit, l'articulation des thèmes et les rôles des personnages (chapitre 2) ; l'étude de l'espace, notamment des éléments qui entrent en jeu pour construire l'espace référentiel, imaginaire et culturel (chapitre 3) ; l'analyse de la société traditionnelle telle qu'elle apparaît dans le roman, en particulier l'ensemble des valeurs dont celle, centrale, de l'humanisme (chapitre 4) ; l'observation de la langue et du rôle du narrateur (chapitre 5) donnent accès aux représentations de la conscience et du pluralisme linguistiques de l'Afrique australe ainsi qu'à la construction du discours des sociètés traditionnelle et chrétienne dans le roman ainsi que celle du style oral dans son rapport avec l'écriture romanesque (chapitre 6). L'analyse des deux autres textes de l'auteur, "L'homme qui marchait vers le soleil levant" (chapitre 7) et "Chaka" (chapitre 8), permet de comprendre l'articulation de "Pitseng" avec ces oeuvresThomas Mokopu Mofolo (1876-1948), born in Lesotho, is the author of three novels written in Sesotho language : "Moeti oa bochabela" (1907), "L'homme qui marchait vers le soleil levant" (2003), "Pitseng" (1910) et "Chaka" (1925), "Chaka, une épopée bantoue" (1940). The aim of this research is to study the novel "Pitseng", analyze the context of its production as well as its relationship with the other literary works of author. In order to achieve this, we translate the novel into French, in a way that respects the language register and the oral style of the original novel. Mofolo is the first novelist to write in Sesotho. The research therefore dealswith the emergence of Sesotho literature, in particular, the role of the missionary press and its relationship with the local literature. It begins by examining the 1906 standardization of Southern Sesotho orthography (Chapter 1). The analysis of the novel itself is presented in the first five chapters. Chapter 2 provides a discussion of the general presentation of the novel focusing on the structure of the narrative, themes and characters. Chapter 3 deals with the referential, imaginary and cultural settings in "Pitseng". Chapter 4 analyses the portrayal of traditional society, in particular its values at the centre of which is humanism. Chapter 5 is an analysis of language and the role of the narrator in fictional prose. It studies the representation of the linguistic awareness and pluralism of Southern Africa as well as the construction of discourse characteristic of traditional and Christian societies. Chapter 6 probes into relationship between orality and written fictional prose. A comparative analysis of "Pitseng" with the other two novels of the author appears in Chapter 7 which deals with "Moeti a bochabela" ("L'homme qui marchait vers le soleil levant"), and Chapter 8 wich focuses on "Chaka". This comparative approach is expected to enhance the understanding of the articulation of "Pitseng" with these two literaty works
22
van, der Mensbrugghe-Ingles Joelle, and n/a. "Kangaroos, koalas and business tycoons : Australia and Australians in the western European press, October 1994-March 1995." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.164721.
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This research looks at the way Australia is portrayed in the Western
European press, particularly in the light of Australia's recent emphasis on
being a clever country, within the Asia Pacific region.
The research is based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of all articles
explicitly referring to Australia, in seven newspapers from Belgium (2),
France (2), Germany (1) and the United Kingdom (2), over a 6 month period.
The main hypothesis was that those newspapers without Australian based
correspondents or stringers picture Australia in a stereotypical way and that
"news" in those papers, instead of giving "news", reinforces existing ideas
and images held of Australia. My research supports the hypothesis, but also
uncovers the very important role played by editors at home. They decide
what is important, what is news and their choice will go to consonant
"news".
The research shows that newspapers in Europe largely portray Australia's
older images, with its kangaroos, koalas and beaches peopled by sportsmen.
Australia is largely portrayed as an almost untouched country inhabited by
animals to be found nowhere else, and by people (mainly white Anglo-
Saxon males) reputed for their friendliness, as well as for their laziness and
sometimes their strangeness. "Newer" images of Australia promoted by the
Australian government (e.g. Australia as a clever country and part of the
Asia-Pacific region) get relatively little coverage in the Western European
press.
23
Haig-Muir, Kathleen Marie, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "CRISIS IN CLIO'S FAMILY: A STUDY OF THE DISCIPLINE OF AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY 1918-1965 Part One & Two." Deakin University. School of Social Sciences, 1991. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20041208.151237.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an intellectual history of the historiography of Australian Economic History between 1918 and 1965. More specifically, it is a contribution to a relatively novel area of research into 'disciplinary history. It takes as its basic analytical material the four books widely used for significant lengths of time for undergraduate teaching during the period of the study.
The thesis consists of five main chapters, plus an appendix which surveys the institutional development of Australian Economic History and provides the empirical basis for the selection of the works named above. After a brief introduction and overview, the next four chapters consist of a detailed study of one of these works, the historical context in which each was written, and an intellectual biography.
The fifth chapter is largely theoretical and conceptual. It analyses the epistemological bases of History and Economics and explores the implications of different models of knowledge for the relationship between Economic History and its two antecedent disciplines, History and Economics. Current perceptions of the state of the discipline in Australia and overseas are also examined.
There are three main propositions advanced and their implications explored in the fifth chapter. First, that changes which occurred in Australian Economic History during the period 1918-1965 shifted the discipline from the broad area of History to the broad area of Economics. Second, that the inherent tension and fundamental differences between the two disciplinary areas of History and Economics have profound and complex implications for Australian Economic History at a number of levels and in a number of areas.
The third proposition posits that the paradigm shift of the 1950s/1960s in Australian Economic History, and the paradigm shift of the 1960s/1970s in Economic History respectively have resulted in crisis. The final part of the chapter summarises the contents of the preceding chapters, and draws some conclusions based on those detailed studies.
24
Lees, Jennifer Anne. "Eisteddfoditis : the significance of the City of Sydney Eisteddfod in Australian cultural history 1933-1941 /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051109.114852/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Communication & Media) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.A thesis submitted in requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy - Communication & Media, University of Western Sydney, 2003. Bibliography : leaves 350-372.
25
Philp, Robert Henry Haldon, and randj@cqnet com au. "Steel all Through The Church of England in Central Queensland Transplantation and Adaptation 1892-1942." Central Queensland University. School of Humanities, 2002. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20031117.164918.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is concerned with the establishment of the Anglican presence in Central Queensland and the history of the first fifty years of the Diocese of Rockhampton. The historical method employed examined the attitudes and mentalities of the Anglicans during that fifty years and attempted to determine how the process of transplantation and adaptation of the English social institution was, or was not, achieved in the new physical and social environment. Various aspects of Anglican Diocesan administration such as recruitment of clergy, financial shortages, cultural isolation, racial issues, episcopal appointments and ecumenical relationships, are taken as units and analysed in the overall context of transplantation and adaptation. It is argued that Australianisation came gradually and without conscious manipulation. Where change from the English model was attempted, it was often initiated by the English clergy rather than the Australian laity.
26
Lyons, Sara J. "The sacrifice of honey (fiction) ; The depiction of the media in The shark net, Evil angels and The sacrifice of honey (thesis)." University of Western Australia. English, Communication and Cultural Studies Discipline Group, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0055.
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27
Charlton, Andrea, and n/a. "Towards outcome evaluation : a study of public relations evaluation in the Australian Federal Government, 1995." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060627.133808.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian Federal government has well-defined guidelines for undertaking
program evaluations. Advertising and Public Relations campaigns support
program aims, and are subject to the same guidelines. However, an examination
of actual practice in the Australian Federal government, as observed by the Office
of Government Information and Advertising in Canberra, suggests that there are
significant differences in the extent to which Public Relations campaigns, as
opposed to advertising campaigns, are systematically evaluated.
Evaluation theory, Public Relations theory, strategic planning theory, and public
administration theory provide insights into methods of managing and reporting
on communication campaigns designed to forward government objectives. A
literature review and an assessment of existing models of Public Relations
evaluation were undertaken, and a synthesis of several theoretical and practical
approaches led to the construction of a model of Public Relations evaluation
which could be applied to Australian government communication campaigns.
28
Vickery, Edward Louis. "Telling Australia's story to the world : the Department of Information 1939-1950 /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20040721.123626/index.html.
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29
Hope, Cathy, and n/a. "A History of the Sydney and Melbourne Film Festivals, 1945-1972: negotiating between culture and industry." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050630.130907.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a history of the Sydney and Melbourne International Film Festivals, and covers the years from 1945 to 1972. Based primarily on archival material, it is an organisational history dealing with the attempts by the two Film Festivals to negotiate between the demands of �culture� and �industry� throughout this period. The thesis begins with a consideration of the origins of the Festivals in the post-war period �with the attempts by non-Hollywood producers to break into the cinema market, the collapse of the �mass audience�, and the growth of the film society movement in Australia. The thesis then examines the establishment in the early 1950s of the Sydney and Melbourne Festivals as small, amateur events, run by and for film enthusiasts. It then traces the Festivals� historical development until 1972, by which time both Festivals had achieved an important status as social and cultural organisations within Australia. The main themes dealt with throughout this period of development include the Festivals� difficult negotiations with both the international and domestic film trade, their ongoing internal debates over their role and purpose as cultural organisations, their responses to the appearance of other international film festivals in Australia, their relation to the Australian film industry, and their fight to liberalise Australia�s film censorship regulations.
30
Bourke, Roger. "Prisoners of the Japanese : literary imagination and the prisoner-of-war experience /." St. Lucia : University of Queensland press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40215768s.
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31
Trigger, David Scott, and n/a. "Does the way we measure poverty matter? : an analysis of alternative poverty measures with particular reference to changes in the level of poverty in Australia between 1975 and 1994." University of Canberra. Management & Technology, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.153010.
Full textAbstract:
There has been considerable controversy and debate over recent years about the most
appropriate method of measuring poverty. This debate has included, among other issues,
the questions of absolute versus relative poverty, the merits of money income as a
measure of the standard of living and the associated selection of poverty lines and
equivalence scales, and the selection of alternative indices of poverty. A review of the
literature indicates that the choice of differing approaches to poverty measurement can
lead to differing estimates of poverty. In the face of such results an evaluation of the
impact upon poverty estimates of alternative measurement methodology is appropriate.
This thesis assesses the impact upon the estimated level of poverty of variations in some
of the key poverty measurement parameters. The expenditure data derived from the
1975-76, 1984 and 1993-94 Household Expenditure Surveys have been analysed to
assess the sensitivity of poverty estimates, derived from a range of poverty indices, to
variations in the generosity of the equivalence scales, the level of the poverty line, and
the choice of the indicator of the level of resources used. The sensitivity of each poverty
index to variations in these parameters is assessed at both the aggregated level and for
the specified household types, while those population subgroups particularly susceptible
to poverty are also identified. The poverty distributions derived for each of the survey
years are compared to evaluate the impact upon changes in the level of poverty over
time of variations in the underlying parameters.
The thesis concludes that both poverty estimates at a point in time, and poverty trends
over time are sensitive to variations in the equivalence scales, in the level of the poverty
line, in the selection of the indicator of the level of resources, and in the choice of
poverty index itself. In light of these results, a review of recent Australian poverty
research concludes that insufficient attention has been paid to the sensitivity issues
associated with the measurement of poverty.
32
Hutchins, Brett, and n/a. "Five yards, a cloud of dust and a bucket of blood : Australian rugby league and violence 1970 to 1995." University of Canberra. Sports Studies, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050308.155200.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis evaluates Australian rugby league participant violence between 1970 and 1995 through the use of figurational sociology, a body of thought pioneered by Norbert Elias. While figurational theory is the dominant
paradigm used, an interdisciplinary focus is adopted in order to negotiate the recognised weaknesses of 'Eliasian' theory, and to complement its strengths. Communication
studies, cultural studies and gender theory are interweaved with figurational sociology to analyse rugby league violence. Furthermore, through these theoretical paradigms, important wider social and cultural issues are taken into account including the commodification of
Australian rugby league, the media framing of State of Origin rugby league as a 'sports mediated product', and the role violence plays both within the construction of masculine identities in rugby league and in the wider 'gender order' . These social and cultural issues are evaluated to gain an adequate understanding of the structural and interpersonal interrelationships constituting the social phenomenon of rugby league violence. The central finding of this thesis is that there
is a processual shift from more to less illegitimate violence in Australian rugby league between 1970 and 1995.
33
Klaer, Neil L., and n/a. "Changes in the structure of demersal fish communities of the South Eastern Australian Ccontinental Shelf from 1915 to 1961." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060804.154133.
Full textAbstract:
Haul-by-haul steam trawler catch and effort data for 1918�23, 1937�43 and 1952�57,
which covers a large portion of the history of steam trawling in the Australian South
East Fishery, were examined in detail for the first time. There were 64,371 haul records
in total. The catch-rate for all retained catch combined shows a strong decline overall,
with a brief recovery during World War II, probably due to increased retention of
previously discarded species. The fishing fleet moved to more distant fishing grounds
and deeper waters as the catch-rate declined. The catch-rates of the main commercial
species followed a similar pattern in a number of regions within the fishery. The catchrate
of the primary target species � tiger flathead (Neoplatycephalus richardsoni) �
dropped considerably from the early, very high, catch-rates. Chinaman leatherjacket
(Nelusetta ayraudi) and latchet (Pterygotrigla polyommata) � species that were
apparently abundant in the early years of the fishery � virtually disappeared from
catches in later years. The appearance of greater catches of jackass morwong
(Nemadactylus macropterus), redfish (Centroberyx affinis), and shark/skate during the
war and afterwards was probably due to increased retention of catches of these species.
The disappearance of certain species from the catch may be due to high fishing pressure
alone, or to a combination of fishing pressure, changes in the shelf habitat possibly
caused by the trawl gear, and environmental fluctuations.
Catch-rates in weight per haul per species were standardised to annual indices of
abundance using a log-linear model. Standardised annual index trends for flathead,
latchet and leatherjacket indicate a strong to severe decline over the period covered by
the data. All species showed seasonal patterns, but the peak season varied depending on
the species. The distribution of standardised catch-rate by area also differed greatly by
species, and no single area showed consistent differences across all species. Day trawls
caught more flathead, redfish and latchet, while night trawls caught more morwong and
leatherjacket. Moon phase had less influence on catch-rates than the other factors
examined. Correlation of annual index trends with a number of annual mean
environmental factors was examined and no strong correlations were found.
Annual catches of the major commercial trawl species on the SE Australian shelf were
estimated from recorded total trawl catches, catch species composition from subsamples
and estimates of the rate of discarding. These annual catches, standardised
indices of abundance and biological population parameters were used in single-species
stock reduction models to estimate absolute biomass trends. Biological population
parameters and the biomass estimates were used to calculate management reference
point fishing mortality rates F0.1, Fspr30 and Fmsy. Results showed that simple plausible
population models can be constructed that account for catches over the long period of
time from 1915 to 1961.
Simple mass-balance ecosystem models were built for the demersal community of the
SE Australian shelf for 1915 and 1961 using the Ecopath software. Model inputs were
consistent with a more comprehensive SE marine ecosystem model in development by
CSIRO. The models demonstrate that biomass estimates produced by the single species
stock reduction models can be consistently integrated into simple plausible massbalance
ecosystem models.
Modern stock assessments for the main commercial species in this fishery today mostly
used data collected since about 1985. Abundance indices and total catch estimates from
this study have been used in the most recent assessments for tiger flathead and
morwong, allowing construction of the exploitation history for these species spanning
almost 100 years. Use of the historical information has increased confidence in the
estimates of the modern stock assessments � particularly management reference points,
and has allowed us to quantify changes in fish abundance that have simply been
documented anecdotally in the past.
34
Kwak, Ki-Sung, and n/a. "Aspects of the Korean ethnic press in Australia 1985-1990 : an analysis of the backgrounds of editors and publishers and news content." University of Canberra. Communication, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.103805.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the role of the Korean
ethnic press in Australia with special reference to the
ways in which their professional backgrounds shaped the
construction of the news content of their newspapers.
The study sample consisted of six Korean ethnic
newspapers produced in Sydney. Both intrinsic and
extrinsic factors relevant to the role of journalists
were identified in interviews with the editors and
publishers. The overall news content was analyzed through
quantitative and qualitative content analysis.
The principal finding of this study was that none of
Shoemaker's (1987) theoretical statements about how
economic factors shape news content could be applied to
the Korean ethnic press in Australia. Despite their
reliance on commercial sources for their economic
survival, all six papers devoted more space to issue oriented
news than to event-oriented news, and were not
responsive to their readers and advertisers in
Shoemaker's terms. Journalistic professionalism as
discussed by Henningham (1989) also was treated as a less
important factor by Korean ethnic newspaper staff. Rather
the professional identity of the ethnic press editors and
publishers was grounded in the culture of their local
community instead of in the mainstream standards of
It is concluded that Korean ethnic newspapers in
Australia have more pragmatic criteria both for the
selection of their news content, and for the professional
standards of their newspaper staff.
35
Gray, John Edmund, and n/a. "T. C. G. Weston (1886-1935), horticulturalist and arboriculturalist : a critical review of his contribution to the establishment of the landscape foundations of Australia's National Capital." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060712.154510.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis research concerns Thomas Charles George Weston (1866-1935). Its principal
focus is his landscape vision for Australia's national capital in its founding days and his
innovative horticultural and arboricultural work in that vision's execution. Between 1913
and 1926 his work involved reversing, by afforestation planting and conservation measures,
the existing process of degradation of the site's landscape. He also achieved for the
new city a densely planted landscape using indigenous and exotic trees and shrubs.
Weston's pioneering work made a significant contribution to Canberra's contemporary
'city in the landscape' image.
Part of my research is about understanding the context of Weston's earlier professional
experiences in Britain and New South Wales in the period 1878 to 1912. A brief
insight into his personal life and career shows how the people he worked for, the skills he
acquired, and the type of landscapes he worked in shaped his approach to his landscape
activity at Canberra. Of particular note are the valuable influences of David Thomson
and Joseph Maiden, respected figures in botany and horticulture in Britain and Australia
respectively.
My research on Weston's achievements in Canberra demonstrates his technical and
professional thoroughness. I have documented all his work on a project-by-project basis
to provide accurate reference material for on-going professional practice and research.
His afforestation and conservation work from 1913 onwards and his urban planting in
the crucial 1921 to 1926 period reflects the depth of his training and skills and understanding
of landscape. Analyses of disputes between Weston and others including Walter
Burley Griffin demonstrate the soundness of his professional judgment.
I have concluded that Charles Weston had a clear vision of what he wanted to achieve,
the necessary skills and experience to achieve that vision and a thorough understanding
of the national capital site. He also possessed the necessary personal qualities to achieve
his vision which responded sensitively to the aspirations of Australians for their national
capital. Largely because of Weston Canberra will remain a highly significant step in the
development of Australian landscape architecture.
36
Dahmash, Firas Naim. "An examination of the value relevance and bias in the accounting treatment of intangible assets in Australia and the US over the period 1994-2003 using the Feltham and Ohlson (1995) framework." University of Western Australia. Financial Studies Discipline Group, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0145.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] The primary aim of this study was to examine, and compare, the value relevance and any bias associated with the reporting of intangible assets in Australia and the US over the ten-year period 1994 to 2003. The study adopts a disaggregated form of the Feltham and Ohlson (1995) valuation model and associated linear information models (LIMs) to allow goodwill and identifiable intangible assets to be separately examined using unbalanced panel regression analysis. The results for the Australian sample suggest that the adaptation of the Feltham and Ohlson (1995) valuation model used in this study is particularly useful in examining Australian equity securities. For example, the pooled sample analysis results in an adjusted R2 of 71%, which is consistent with similar US studies by Ahmed, Morton and Schaefer (2000) and Amir, Kirscenheiter and Willard (1997). Further, the results from the disaggregated Feltham and Ohlson (1995) valuation models suggest that the information presented with respect to intangible assets (both goodwill and identifiable intangible assets) under Australian GAAP is value relevant. However, the results from the valuation models also suggest that (for the average Australian company) the market believes goodwill is reported conservatively and identifiable intangible assets aggressively. ... As noted earlier, the increasing importance of intangible assets in the `new-economy’ suggests that (wherever possible having regard to the measurement difficulties) all intangible assets should be recognised in financial statements to maximise the value relevance of those statements. It should be noted, however, that there was some evidence to suggest that certain Australian companies (that is, those not consistently reporting positive abnormal operating earnings) might be reporting goodwill and/or identifiable intangible assets aggressively and this is an area that standard setters might need to carefully consider in future. I trust that the findings presented in this study will prove helpful to both researchers and those involved with formulating international accounting standards in this particularly difficult area of intangible assets. I also hope the results will help to allay any fears regulators (and others) might have that providing managers with accounting discretion will (necessarily) lead to biased reporting practices; based on the findings of this study for the majority of Australian and US companies, any such fears appear unwarranted.
37
Mackay, Christopher Don, and n/a. "Sepulture perpetuelle : New Zealand and Gallipoli : possession, preservation and pilgrimage 1916-1965." University of Otago. Department of History, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.145719.
Full textAbstract:
Constructions of memory, myth and legend relating to Gallipoli have dominated the academic assumption which suggests that this dimension alone has allowed for the reawakening of the exceptional interest in the Anzac tradition; a tradition that has converged at the physical site in modern day Turkey. While these intangible constructions have waxed, waned, and re-emerged over the Twentieth Century, possessing the site to commence the construction of an Anzac Battlefield Cemetery has been ignored in academic enquiry. This significant series of events from 1916 to 1965 were indispensable to memory perpetuation and essential to the commemorative primacy that this preserved headland now enjoys. The desire to repossess, and then own in perpetuity the battlefield in order to attach the appropriate masonry adornments, is in itself unique. This dimension has not been academically scrutinised by any historian until now. Nor has the deliberate desire to construct an Anzac shrine that would someday attract pilgrims from the Antipodes been studied. Present day site-sacralisation by rite-of-passage pilgrims, thoroughly emersed in the Anzac tradition, suggests the convergence of the two dimensions is complete.
To counteract this problem of the �hegemony of the intangibles� this thesis explores primary sources, gleaned largely from archival records, then evaluates the significance of the history of �physical Gallipoli.� Thematic approaches based upon the lines of possession, preservation and pilgrimage argue that this parallel dimension has played an indispensable role in shaping the end result today. Tens of thousands Australasian travellers now flock to this preserved battlefield to encounter the actual physicality of the tradition. The battlefield cemetery, complete with botanical emblems of ownership, had been out of the reach of the very generation who had created, acquired and constructed the battlefield landscape. The New Zealand public had to be content with assorted forms of vicarious pilgrimage coupled with widespread domestic memorialisation.
New Zealand�s post-evacuation experience at Gallipoli became a story completely distinctive from that of Australia or Great Britain. The deliberately constructed Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is a unique landscape artefact that a proud but mournful generation set out to create. They eventually achieved this end by a complicated mixture of conquest, occupation, careful preservation, and commemorative ownership. These efforts were assisted by the vagaries of economic happenstance and international politics that left this remote Peninsula isolated and off-limits to human encounter. Fortuitously frozen in time, this landscape artefact, so steeped in Classical history, has emerged as one of the most sacred, and perhaps the most recognisable, geographic features associated with Australasia. Overriding these plans for shrine construction had been the stated goal of securing a reverent final resting place for those who fell during the creation of the Anzac legend in 1915. Sepulture perpetuelle became the post-evacuation catchphrase that propelled this Great War generation to go almost to the brink of war to secure the principles of this phrase. This lofty goal of permanence, by passage of time and the re-appropriation of nature, had mercifully been completed before the current �second invasion� that commenced in the 1980s. The Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is now a victim of its own very successful physical preservation.
38
Pappas, Caroline History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Law and politics : Australia's war crimes trials in the Pacific, 1943-1961." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1998. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38701.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the trial of Japanese war crimes conducted by Australia between 1945 and 1951; although the study commences in 1943, when the Government first focussed on the issue, and ends in 1961, when the issue was closed. Beyond providing an overview of the trials the thesis addresses the major criticism of the trials by looking at whether the trails were fair and if they fulfilled Australian aims. This is addressed within the context of the two elements of international law, the political, and the legal, and examined in each of the three sections. The Policy section establishes the political context of the trials by examining the influence of the international community and the Australian Government. Both influenced structure and progress rather than the final application of the law. When Australian attitudes were incongruous with international views, a perception that Australia was harsh and repressive developed even though justice was an important part of the Government???s agenda. A study of legal aspects of the trials commences in the Procedures section. Australia???s legislation and regulations are explained with particular emphasis on the more controversial aspects, and a comparison is made with the war crimes instruments of other Allies trying the Japanese showing many similarities between the regulations used by other nations and Australia???s. Procedures also discusses the framework for the Australian trials, the procedures used to bring a case to trial, the process used in court, the review process and the carrying out of sentences. Such a thorough study of the procedural basis is necessary to evaluate the individual trials. Practical examples of some of the procedural problems are also discussed in the following section ??? Practice. This section reviews a number of trials and the various types of crimes and the claims made in defence to show how Australia applied and interpreted the law. The study finds many similarities between Australia???s application of the law and the practice of other nations, indicating that Australian courts were applying what was considered to be customary expectations of behaviour. Throughout the trials there was little evidence of vindictiveness or revenge, either by Government or in the courts. Both were faced with significant problems, which were not always dealt with well but overall the trials were fair and those involved were concerned that justice should not only be seen to be done, but actually be done.
39
Rue, Rev Charles Douglas, and res cand@acu edu au. "Journey to the Margins: the Contribution of the Missionary Society of St Columban to the theory and practice of overseas mission within the Australian Catholic Church 1920-2000." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp24.29082005.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to show that the Columban Society made definable and significant contributions to the Australian Catholic missionary movement. The scope of the thesis is an analysis of the work of the Missionary Society of St Columban (Columban Society) in Australia from 1920-2000. Rather than the Society’s foundation in Ireland or its overseas missionary work, the focus is the activity of the Columban Society in Australia. The thesis argues that the Columban Society helped advance the understanding and practice of overseas mission within the Australian Catholic Church in four major ways. Firstly, by organising support for its own missionary venture in China and elsewhere, it helped foster mission mindedness among Australian Catholics and established structures for the ongoing resourcing of missionary activity. Secondly, it set up seminaries to train missionary priests and later opened its reformed tertiary level missionary formation programs to all church personnel in Australia. Thirdly, it helped mould Catholic opinion through its commentary on such international issues as Australian relations with Asian peoples. Finally, it contributed to the development and dissemination of new Catholic theological teaching, particularly in relation to social justice and indigenous churches, religious dialogue and the connections between faith and ecology. The Columban Society carved out a position for itself in Australia through negotiating with the local Catholic Church. Starting as a group of diocesan priests and, from 1920 onwards, tapping into the numerous Irish church personnel in Australia, the Society grew to become a missionary arm of the local church. It created a network of financial support and influence at the grass roots level in parishes and schools through a system of regular visits, collections and a monthly magazine. As the world and church changed, it added mission education programs that fed back to Australian Catholics ideas and experiences coming from the new indigenous churches. The distinctive contribution of the Columban Society to the Australian Catholic Missionary Movement lies in its close relationship with diocesan based parish Catholics and the teaching role it developed about missionary experiences of overseas churches within the context of international affairs. The Society has a significant placewithin the social history of Australia because of the direct influence it had on the opinions of the more than a quarter of the Australian population who identified as Catholics. The history of the Society is also a case study in the application of the reforms of the Second Ecumenical Vatican Council of the Catholic Church 1962-1965 and the consequent redefinition of orthodox belief and practice.
40
McCarthy, Dayton S. History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The once and future Army : an organizational, political and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38747.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) from 1947 until it ceased to exist under that name with the release of the report of the Millar Inquiry in 1974. This thesis examines three broad areas: the organizational changes that the CMF adopted or had imposed upon it; the political decision-making surrounding the CMF; and a social analysis of the CMF which questions the viability and validity of a number of the CMF???s long held precepts. The thesis will show that the majority of circumstances and decisions surrounding the CMF were beyond its control. For example, the CMF could not change the prevailing military thought of the post-war period which emphasized increasingly the role of smaller, professional, readily-available armies. The first three chapters recount the CMF???s ???heyday??? in which the Army, assisted by National Service after 1950, was based around it and its influence at the highest levels was strongest. The next two chapters chronicle the background to Australia???s adoption of the ???Pentropic??? organization and the repercussions this had on the CMF. Chapters Six and Seven examine the consequences of the introduction of a second compulsory service scheme and the concomitant result which precluded the CMF from operational service in Vietnam. Chapters Eight and Nine deal with the Millar Inquiry, which offered the CMF a new hope, but in some regards, brought forth little beneficial gains for the CMF. The final chapters analyze some of the characteristics unique to the CMF, such as territorial affiliation, high turnover rates amongst the rank and file and the concept of the ???brilliant amateur???. This thesis concludes that, despite the mixed performance of the CMF, there is still a place for the citizen soldier in contemporary warfare, but far more consideration at the highest political and military levels must be given to the peculiar and difficult, but by no means insurmountable, problems citizen soldiering encounters in Australia.
41
Van, der Walt Maria Magdalena. "The concept "beneficial use" in South African water law reform / by Maria Magdalena van der Walt." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5537.
Full textAbstract:
The concept "beneficial use" plays a pivotal role in South African water law reform. It forms the foundation of the mechanism to make water use rights available for the reform of the allocation of water use entitlements. The mechanism involves that water use rights that were unexercised in the two years before the promulgation of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 are not defined as existing lawful water uses. Where the concept "beneficial use" is utilised to cancel unexercised water use rights, it can cause potential hardship. Some people whose rights have been cancelled believe that they should be able to rely on the property clause in section 25 of the Constitution of 1996 to either have the legislation declared unconstitutional or to demand compensation. Section 25 of the Constitution of 1996 prohibits the arbitrary deprivation of property and states that property may only be expropriated for a public purpose or in the public interest, subject to compensation. Section 25(4) states, however, that the public interest includes the nation's commitment to land reform and to reforms to bring about equitable access to all South Africa's natural resources. It is clear from this that reforms to bring about access to water are allowed by the property clause. One of the main questions discussed in this thesis was whether section 32 of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 that made more water available for distribution for reform purposes by cancelling unexercised water user rights, leads to an arbitrary deprivation or an expropriation of property. It should be noted that section 32 of the National Water Act did not constitute an arbitrary deprivation of property, as sufficient reason exists for water law reform. A possible constitutional challenge based on the lack of due process of law because of the retrospective operation of the section may possibly be averted because of the existence of section 33 of the National Water Act. Section 33 of the Act mitigates hardship by allowing unexercised water uses to be declared existing lawful water uses in certain circumstances where a good reason for the non–exercise of the water use right existed. Even in cases where section 33 does not prevent section 32 from being regarded as an arbitrary deprivation of property because there still was not a proper procedure, the government will probably be able to show that the limitation in section 32 is, in terms of section 36(1) of the Constitution of 1996, reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society.
Despite the fact that section 25(1) prohibits arbitrary deprivations, it does not prohibit the government from regulating competing rights to use water even though some people may be negatively affected by the regulation. Because the Minister merely acts as public trustee of the nation's water resources on behalf of the national government in terms section 3(1) of the National Water Act, it cannot be claimed that the government acquired the cancelled water use rights. A claim that compensation should be paid for an expropriation of property will therefore not succeed. Compensation is only payable in terms of section 22(6) and section 22(7) of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 for a loss of existing water entitlements, such as existing lawful water uses or existing licences. A court should thus consider interpreting section 25 by providing for compensation where an individual was unfairly burdened and was therefore denied the protection of the equality clause in section 9 of the Constitution when his unexercised water use rights were cancelled by section 32.
The concept "beneficial use" currently restricts the content of the water use entitlement existing in terms of section 4 of the National Water Act 36 of 1998. The loss of the entitlement when inter alia a licence for an existing lawful water use is refused, is not protected by the payment of compensation when water is used in an unfair or disproportionate manner, because such utilisation would not be regarded to be beneficial use. It became apparent that in terms of the current water law dispensation in South Africa, the possibility of compensation for an amendment of a water use licence and the refusal of a licence for an existing lawful water use implies that a water use entitlement is a right in property. The fact that section 22(7) of the National Water Act states that the amount of the compensation must be determined in accordance with section 25(3) of the Constitution implies that the legislature also recognises that a water use entitlement is constitutional property. Section 22(7) of the National Water Act underlines the basic premises of the National Water Act by subjecting the amount of the compensation that is payable to the same limitations that restrict the entitlement to use the water. The stipulations of section 22(7) draw the attention to the fact that the exercise of both existing lawful water uses and water use licences as rights in property is subject to basic principles of the National Water Act such as the Reserve and the concepts "public trusteeship" and "beneficial use" of the water resources.
The fact that compensation is only payable when there has been severe prejudice to the economic viability of an undertaking implies that water use entitlements have to be exercised at the time of the application for the compensation to be payable. The concept "beneficial use" – in the sense that a water use must not be wasteful or polluting and in the sense that only water use entitlements that are being exercised are protected – thus restricts the water use entitlement as a property right. During the research, American and Australian water law reform and their interpretation of their property clauses were compared to water law reform in South Africa and the South African property clause.
Furthermore, Australian policy to encourage more beneficial water use by the trade in water entitlements or allocations, was also discussed. South Africans will likely in future be encouraged to trade in water use entitlements or allocations. The objective with allowing the trade in water use entitlements or allocations is to encourage people to rather use water for uses with a high value instead of uses with a lower value. In this way the concept "beneficial use" may be broadened to include water allocation or entitlement trading. However, it was argued that a disproportionate impact on third parties would mean that water allocation or entitlement trading would in some cases not be regarded as beneficial use anymore.Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Ryan, Louise Frances Art History & Art Education College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Forging diplomacy: a socio-cultural investigation of the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the "Art of Australia 1788-1941" exhibition." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43085.
Full textAbstract:
The study is an historical investigation exploring the impact of the Carnegie Corporation's philanthropic cultural and educational activities in North America and Australia during the 1940s. The author examines the Carnegie's formation of public values and perceptions using cultural and aesthetic material in order to transmit American ideological ideals with the goal of influencing Australian, Canadian and USA cultural norms. The principal case examined in the paper is the "Art of Australia 1788-1941" exhibition, which toured the USA and Canada during 1941-42. Scrutiny of the exhibition uncovers the role it played in alliance building and the promotion of a range of cultural and political agendas. The investigation deploys a theoretical framework derived from the writings of Tony Bennett. The framework takes the form of a matrix that uses concepts of institutionalized agencies/power and individual agencies/knowledge detailed in a nine-cell matrix composed of propositional statements under the intersecting categories of culture, technologies, ethics, zones, objects, and visualization. The "Art of Australia" Exhibition is a paradigmatic case of the instrumental, cultural application of exhibitions in the interest of the state, using government and non-government, public and private organizations as intermediaries. The analysis reveals the existence of diverse agendas and power/knowledge relationships between governments, corporations and the exhibition. This account highlights the museum as a significant arena for establishing and legitimating social norms and practices whilst steering cultural values. Such actions sponsored by government and entrepreneurial philanthropy are analyzed and interpreted as an early instance of building civic values and promoting the public belief in shared national identity. In this sense the investigation explores the educational mission of the museum and it's supporting agencies in the broadest public context.
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Dutkiewicz, Adam. "Raising ghosts post-World War Two European emigre and migrant artists and the evolution of abstract painting in Australia, with special reference to Adelaide ca 1950-1965." 2000. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/24967.
Full textAbstract:
Raising ghosts examines the political and cultural climate in Australia in the mid-20th century, and proposes that e?migre? and migrant artists to a significant extent were the catalysts of change and progenitors of new forms of painting in the post-war years. It uncovers a largely hidden but fertile terrain in Australian modernism.thesis (PhDVisualArts)--University of South Australia, 2000.
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Saunders, Jane E. "Between surfaces a psychodynamic approach to cultural identity, cultural difference and reconciliation in Australia /." 2006. http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/public/adt-VVUT20071129.092250/index.html.
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