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1
Fischer, Gad, and Robert G. Gilbert. "Ian Gordon Ross 1926 - 2006." Historical Records of Australian Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09003.
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Ian Gordon Ross (1926?2006) was educated at the University of Sydney (BSc 1943?1946, MSc 1947?1949) and University College London (PhD 1949?1952), did postdoctoral research at Florida State University (1953?1954), and was a staff member at the University of Sydney, 1954?1967. In 1968, he moved to the Australian National University (ANU) as Professor of Chemistry, where he also became Dean of Science (1973), Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1977) and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Special Projects) (1989?1990). He was instrumental in setting up Anutech, the commercial arm of the University. He was a driving force behind the establishment of undergraduate and postgraduate engineering at the ANU. His research centred on electronic spectroscopy of pi systems.
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Shnukal, Anna. "A Failed Experiment: Okinawan Indents and the Postwar Torres Strait Pearlshelling Industry, 1958–1963." International Labor and Working-Class History 99 (2021): 122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547920000307.
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AbstractThroughout its European history, Australia has solved recurrent labor shortages by importing workers from overseas. Situated on shipping lanes between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the northern Australian pearlshelling industry became a significant locus of second-wave transnational labor flows (1870–1940) and by the 1880s was dependent on indentured workers from the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Exempted from the racially discriminatory Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, indentured Asian seamen, principally Japanese, maintained the industry until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. The Torres Strait pearlshelling industry, centered on Thursday Island in Far North Queensland, resumed in 1946 amid general agreement that the Japanese must not return. Nevertheless, in 1958, 162 Okinawan pearling indents arrived on Thursday Island in a controversial attempt to restore the industry's declining fortunes. This article is intended as a contribution to the history of transnational labor movements. It consults a range of sources to document this “Okinawan experiment,” the last large-scale importation of indentured Asian labor into Australia. It examines Australian Commonwealth-state tensions in formulating and adopting national labor policy; disputes among Queensland policy makers; the social characteristics of the Okinawan cohort; and local Indigenous reactions. Also discussed are the economics of labor in the final years of the Torres Strait pearling industry. This study thus extends our knowledge of transnational labor movements and the intersection of early postwar Australian-Asian relations with Queensland Indigenous labor policy. It also foreshadows contemporary Indigenous demands for control of local marine resources.
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Nunn, Pamela Gerrish, Jane Hylton, Deborah Hart, and Joanne Drayton. "Modern Australian Women: Paintings and Prints 1925-1945." Woman's Art Journal 24, no. 2 (2003): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358789.
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LUCKY, ANDREA, and PHILIP S. WARD. "Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 2688, no. 1 (November 25, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2688.1.1.
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The ants of the genus Leptomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), commonly called ‘spider ants’, are distinctive members of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and prominent residents of intact wet forest and sclerophyll habitats in eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. This revision redresses pervasive taxonomic problems in this genus by using a combination of morphology and molecular data to define species boundaries and clarify nomenclature. Twenty-seven Leptomyrmex species are recognized and are informally split into two groups: the macro-Leptomyrmex (21 species), and its sister group, the micro-Leptomyrmex (six species). Nine subspecies are elevated to species status: L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915, L. geniculatus Emery 1914, L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934, L. nigriceps Emery 1914, L. rothneyi Forel 1902, L. ruficeps Emery 1895, L. rufipes Emery 1895, L. rufithorax Forel 1915 and L. tibialis Emery 1895. Nineteen new synonymies are proposed (senior synonyms listed first): L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus venustus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus brunneiceps Wheeler 1934; L. darlingtoni Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni fascigaster Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni jucundus Wheeler 1934; L. erythrocephalus (Fabricius 1775) = L. froggatti Forel 1910 =4 · Zootaxa 2688 © 2010 Magnolia PressL. erythrocephalus mandibularis Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus unctus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus clarki Wheeler 1934; L. fragilis (F. Smith 1859) = L. fragilis femoratus Santschi 1932 = L. fragilis maculatus Stitz 1938 = L. wheeleri Donisthorpe 1948; L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934 = L. contractus Donisthorpe 1947; L. niger Emery 1900 = L. lugubris Wheeler 1934; L. rufipes Emery 1895 = L. quadricolor Wheeler 1934; L. rufithorax Forel 1915 = L. erythrocephalus basirufus Wheeler 1934; L. tibialis Emery 1895 = L. nigriventris hackeri Wheeler 1934; L. varians Emery 1895 = L. erythrocephalus decipiens Wheeler 1915 = L. varians angusticeps Santschi 1929; L. wiburdi Wheeler 1915 = L. wiburdi pictus Wheeler 1915. Tools for identification of the macro-Leptomyrmex species include a revised species-level key based on the worker caste, keys to males in Australia and New Guinea, full descriptions of workers, images of known workers, males and queens, and illustration of male genitalia. Phylogenetic relationships among the macroand micro- Leptomyrmex species are discussed, as is the status of a putative fossil relative.
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Fensham, Rachel. "Costumes and Choreography from Bodenwieser's Trunk: The Coat as Affective Memory." Dance Research 37, no. 1 (May 2019): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drs.2019.0255.
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The Viennese modern choreographer Gertrud Bodenwieser's black coat leads to an analysis of her choreography in four main phases – the early European career; the rise of Nazism; war's brutality; and postwar attempts at reconciliation. Utilising archival and embodied research, the article focuses on a selection of Bodenwieser costumes that survived her journey from Vienna, or were remade in Australia, and their role in the dramaturgy of works such as Swinging Bells (1926), The Masks of Lucifer (1936, 1944), Cain and Abel (1940) and The One and the Many (1946). In addition to dance history, costume studies provides a distinctive way to engage with the question of what remains of performance, and what survives of the historical conditions and experience of modern dance-drama. Throughout, Hannah Arendt's book The Human Condition (1958) provides a critical guide to the acts of reconstruction undertaken by Bodenwieser as an émigré choreographer in the practice of her craft, and its ‘materializing reification’ of creative thought. As a study in affective memory, information regarding Bodenwieser's personal life becomes interwoven with the author's response to the material evidence of costumes, oral histories and documents located in various Australian archives. By resurrecting the ‘dead letters’ of this choreography, the article therefore considers how dance costumes offer the trace of an artistic resistance to totalitarianism.
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Kornéli, Beáta. "Nagy Britannia és Ausztrália közös atomprogramja 1945-1960." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 2 (2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.2.9.
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Australia was determined to obtain a nuclear weapon after the Second World War. The most obvious solution seemed to collaborate with Britain doing nuclear research in the so-called “joint project”. The British defence planners had been aware of the fact that Great Britain would not survive a forthcoming nuclear attack at the dawn of the cold war and thus, they were in need of their own nuclear weapon. When the MacMahon Act came into force the Government of United States of America rejected the British to continue the joint research in the Manhattan Project and they wanted to retain their sole atom monopoly. They provided the British neither with raw material nor with nuclear technology, furthermore, they were not allowed to participate in the test blasts. Hence, the role of Australia was revalued by the British Government. Several productive intitiatives such as the establishment of the Australian National University, launching the Snowy Mountains project, deployment of the Royal Australian Air Force in Southeast Asia coincided with the joint project. The culmination of the Australian–British cooperation was the atomic blast in 1952 and the decision of the British to contribute to the construction of an Australian nuclear reactor. Nevertheless, the nuclear achievements of the Soviet Union put an end to the so far successful joint project.
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Hobbins, Peter G. "Serpentine Science: Charles Kellaway and the Fluctuating Fortunes of Venom Research in Interwar Australia." Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09012.
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Australian medical research before the Second World War is predominantly viewed as an anodyne precursor to its conspicuous postwar successes. However, the expanding intellectual appeal and state support for local research after 1945 built upon scientific practices, networks, facilities and finances established between 1919 and 1939. Arguably the most prominent medical scientist working in Australia during this period was Charles Kellaway (1889?1952), director of Melbourne's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute from 1923 until 1944. Facing both financial challenges and a profoundly unsupportive intellectual climate, Kellaway instigated a major research programme into Australian snake venoms. These investigations garnered local and international acclaim, allowing Kellaway to speak as a significant scientific actor while fostering productive laboratory collaborations. The venom work spurred basic research in tissue injury, anaphylaxis and leukotriene pharmacology, yet delivered pragmatic clinical outcomes, particularly an effective antivenene. By selecting a problem of continuing public interest, Kellaway also stimulated wider engagement with science and initiated a pioneering ad hoc Commonwealth grant for medical research. In tracing his training, mentors and practices within the interwar milieu, this article argues that Kellaway's venom studies contributed materially to global biomedical developments and to the broader viability of medical research in Australia.
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Prosser, Cherie L., and Ian A. Clark. "The war on malaria and Nora Heysen's documentation of Australian medical research through art between 1943 and 1945." Medical Journal of Australia 194, no. 8 (April 2011): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03036.x.
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Jupp, James. "From ‘White Australia’ to ‘Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy towards the Region." International Migration Review 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900109.
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This article examines the impact on Australia of population movements in the Asia-Pacific region since 1945, with special reference to the period since 1975 that marked the termination of the restrictive ‘White Australia Policy.’ That policy, which had its origins in racist theories popular at the end of the nineteenth century, isolated Australia from its immediate region and kept it tied to its European and, more specifically, British origins. The impact of population, trade and capital movements in the region has been such as to make Australia ‘part of Asia.’ Nevertheless, public opinion has yet to accept these changes fully, especially when they involve changing the ethnic character of the resident population. It is concluded that the generation which has grown up since 1945 and which is now starting to dominate politics and intellectual life will find it easier to reorient Australia than did the previous generation, despite continuing ambivalence in public attitudes. The presence in Australia of large numbers of permanent residents and citizens of Asian origin is a necessary factor in expediting change.
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Castles, Stephen. "The Australian Model of Immigration and Multiculturalism: Is It Applicable to Europe?" International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600219.
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Immigration has played a central role in nation-building in Australia. Since 1945, over 5 million settlers have come from many different countries, leading to a situation of great cultural diversity. State involvement in the management of settlement and ethnic relations has always been pronounced. Over the last twenty years, a policy of multiculturalism has emerged, giving rise to several special institutions. This has had profound effects both on social policy and on concepts of national identity. The relevance of the Australian model for Western Europe is discussed. The article concludes that it can provide useful impulses, though not ready-made answers:
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Udawatta, Nilupa, Jian Zuo, Keri Chiveralls, Hongping Yuan, Zillante George, and Abbas Elmualim. "MAJOR FACTORS IMPEDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS." Journal of Green Building 13, no. 3 (June 2018): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.3.101.
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This article aims to identify barriers to implementing waste management practices in construction projects and their interrelationship, based on the particular context of Australia. Interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted as the primary data collection methods supported by the findings of a charrette. The findings reveal twenty critical barriers to implementing waste management practices in Australian construction projects. Four underlying factors that impede waste management practices are extracted based on results of an exploratory factor analysis. These include rigidity of construction practices, construction project characteristics, awareness, experience and commitment, and the nascent nature of waste management. The study also finds that while both human factors and technical factors act as barriers to implementing waste management practices in Australian construction projects, human factors are more dominant. Thus, it is essential to address all these barriers in the early stage of construction projects for reducing waste generation.
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Richards, Eric. "Book Review: Australia, Britain, and Migration, 1915–1940. A Study in Desperate Hopes." International Migration Review 30, no. 4 (December 1996): 1111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000429.
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Potter, Michelle. "The Dandré-Levitoff Russian Ballet, 1934–1935: Australia and beyond." Dance Research 29, no. 1 (May 2011): 61–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drs.2011.0005.
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This article explores the year-long tour of the Dandré-Levitoff Russian Ballet between 1934 and 1935. The company performed in South Africa, Singapore, Java, Australia, Ceylon, India and Egypt and was led by two sets of principals, Vera Nemchinova and Anatole Oboukhoff in South Africa and then Olga Spessivtseva and Anatole Vilzak with Spessivtseva being replaced by Natasha Bojkovich following Spessivtseva's decline mid-way through the Australian season. The company performed works largely drawn from the Pavlova repertoire and used Pavlova's name and her commitment to classical ballet to justify the company agenda. The article addresses some of the misconceptions that have arisen about the tour in previously published sources. It also fills in some of the specific details of the tour and gathers scattered information relating to schedule and repertoire into three appendices.
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Garratt, J. R., E. K. Webb, and S. McCarthy. "Charles Henry Brian Priestley 1915 - 1998." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr11001.
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Charles Henry Brian Priestley (known as Bill) was born and educated in England. After completing the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge, he joined the Meteorological Office in 1939. In 1946, aged 31 years, he took up an Australian appointment with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, later to become CSIRO) to establish and develop a group to undertake research in meteorological physics. Thereafter he was based in Melbourne, Australia. The group earned world recognition, particularly for its investigations of turbulent transfer in the lower atmosphere, and evolved to become the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research. Priestley's own early research focused on large-scale atmospheric systems, including substantial work on global-scale transport, and later on small-scale atmospheric convection and heat transfer, in which he established some significant results. He had a leading role in the development of the atmospheric sciences in Australia, and was strongly involved in international meteorology. His career with CSIRO extended to 1977, and he finally retired from all professional commitments in the mid-1980s. After several years of declining health, he died on 18 May 1998, seven weeks before he turned 83.
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Roche, Michael. "David Hutchins in Australia 1914 - 1915: the Penultimate Chapter in the Career of an Imperial Forester." Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no. 2 (2010): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09023.
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David Hutchins, after a distinguished career in forestry in India and Africa, visited Australia as part of the British Association for the Advancement of Science tour in 1914. This paper reconstructs Hutchins' tour and considers how it prepared him for writing a controversial report published in 1916 as Discussion on Australian Forestry. Reactions to the report are also considered. The place that Hutchins occupies in the Australian forest history literature is reassessed, particularly the interplay between his preconceived ideas and local experiences. Discussion on Australian Forestry is interpreted as the last major, though not unequivocal, success in his long career in forestry.
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McCann, Michael J., and Colin J. Suckling. "Charles Walter Suckling. 24 July 1920—30 October 2013." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 66 (December 19, 2018): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0025.
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Charles Walter Suckling (1920–2013) is most remembered for being the discoverer of the inhalant anaesthetic halothane, which revolutionized anaesthesia and surgical practice. He was born in Teddington, Middlesex, but grew up largely in Wallasey, Merseyside, where his father was a cargo superintendent for imports from Australia produced by one of Charles’s maternal uncle's cooperatives. Charles was educated at Oldershaw Grammar School, Wallasey, and the University of Liverpool, where he obtained a first class honours degree in chemistry (1942). With this qualification he was directed to carry out national service in the chemical industry at ICI in Widnes and was subsequently able to obtain a scholarship to work towards a PhD at the University of Liverpool (1949), which he was awarded for the structural elucidation of the natural product santal, by classical organic chemical methods. The project leading to the discovery of halothane was begun in 1951 at ICI's Widnes Laboratory and was one of the first examples of rational drug design; halothane reached clinical practice in 1956. This and other industrial research innovations were recognized by his election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1978. Charles’s career at ICI took him into both scientific and commercial management roles, including chairman of Paints Division and general manager of Research and Technology, a company-wide brief at head office, Millbank. After retiring from ICI (1982) he undertook many public service and charitable tasks, including membership of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, for which he was awarded the CBE, and positions on the councils of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Royal College of Art and Design. Charles retired from professional life fully in 2001. In 1946 he married Eleanor Margaret Watterson; their family comprised twin sons, both of whom became professional scientists, and a daughter, who became a medical doctor. Charles died at Knebworth, Hertfordshire, in 2013.
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Cowling, M. G., D. C. Hunt, and J. D. Steele. "George Szekeres 1911–2005." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 1 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18012.
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George Szekeres was a distinguished Hungarian-Australian mathematician, who worked in many different areas of mathematics, and with many collaborators. He was born in Budapest in 1911. His youth between the two World Wars was spent in Hungary, a country that, as a result of historical events, went through a golden age and produced a great number of exceptional intellects; his early mathematical explorations were in the company of several of these. However, for family reasons, he trained as a chemist rather than a mathematician. From 1938 to 1948, he lived in Shanghai, China, another remarkable city, where he experienced the horrors of persecution and war but nevertheless managed to prove some notable mathematical results. In 1948, he moved to Australia, as a lecturer, then senior lecturer, and finally reader, at the University of Adelaide, and then in 1964 he took up the Foundation Chair of Pure Mathematics at the University of New South Wales; in Australia he was able to bring his mathematical talents to fruition. After many years in Sydney, he returned to Adelaide, where he died in 2005. We discuss his early life in Hungary, his sojourn in Shanghai, and his mature period in Australia. We also discuss some aspects of his mathematical work, which is extraordinarily broad.
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Ongley, Patrick, and David Pearson. "Post-1945 International Migration: New Zealand, Australia and Canada Compared." International Migration Review 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 765–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900308.
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New Zealand's immigration policies and trends since 1945 are compared with those of Canada and Australia. For most of this period, Australia has pursued the more expansive immigration policy while Canada and New Zealand have tended to link immigration intakes to fluctuations in labor demand. All three countries initially discriminated against non-European immigrants but gradually moved towards nondiscriminatory policies based on similar selection criteria and means of assessment. New Zealand has traditionally been more cautious than both Canada and Australia in terms of how many immigrants it accepted and from what sources, but it has recently followed the other two in raising immigration targets and encouraging migration from nontraditional sources, particularly Asian countries. Historical, global and national factors are drawn upon to explain the degree of convergence between these three societies.
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Moran, Albert. "Nation building: The post‐war documentary in Australia (1945–1953)." Continuum 1, no. 1 (January 1988): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304318809359319.
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Johanson, Katya, and Ruth Rentschler. "Nationalism and Art in Australia: Change in a Time of Conservatism, 1948-1968." Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 35, no. 1 (April 2005): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jaml.35.1.8-20.
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Upstill, Garrett. "Promoting Australian industry: CSIRO 1949–79." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18016.
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This paper addresses the manner in which the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) transferred its technology to Australian industry during the period 1949 to 1979. The analysis is framed within the changing economic and political scene in Australia and the changing expectations for public research organisations such as CSIRO. During the 1950s and 1960s CSIRO gave little direct attention to the processes of technology transfer but instead, following the prevailing wisdom, focused on high quality science and relied on existing extension services and patenting to capture the benefits from its research. This ‘science-push’ approach proved successful for Australia’s rural industries but, with a few exceptions, less so for the country’s secondary industries. By the early 1970s CSIRO faced pressures for change, induced by a tougher economic climate and changing views on the role of public research institutions. A shift toward greater customer relevance in its research would also need to be matched by new thinking about technology transfer.
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Grimshaw, Patricia. "Comparative Perspectives on White and Indigenous Women's Political Citizenship in Queensland: The 1905 Act to Amend the Elections Acts, 1885 to 1899." Queensland Review 12, no. 2 (November 2005): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004062.
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The centenary of the passage in early 1905 of the Act to Amend the Elections Acts, 1885 to 1899, which extended the right to vote to white women in Queensland, marks a moment of great importance in the political and social history of Australia. The high ground of the history of women's suffrage in Australia is undoubtedly the passage of the 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act that gave all white women in Australia political citizenship: the right to vote and to stand for parliamentary office at the federal level. Obviously this attracted the most attention internationally, given that it placed Australia on the short list of communities that had done so to date; most women in the world had to await the aftermath of the First or Second World Wars for similar rights.
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Mudd, Gavin M. "The Legacy of Early Uranium Efforts in Australia, 1906 - 1945: From Radium Hill to the Atomic Bomb and Today." Historical Records of Australian Science 16, no. 2 (2005): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05013.
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The existence of uranium minerals has been documented in Australia since the late nineteenth century, and uranium-bearing ores were discovered near Olary ('Radium Hill') and in the Gammon Ranges (Mount Painter) in north-eastern South Australia early in the twentieth century. This occurred shortly after the discovery of radioactivity and the isolation of radium, and a mining rush for radium quickly began. At Radium Hill, ore was mined and concentrated on site before being transported to Woolwich in Sydney, where the radium and uranium were extracted and refined. At Mount Painter, the richness of the ore allowed direct export overseas. The fledgling Australian radium industry encountered many difficulties, with the scale of operations generally much smaller than at overseas counterparts. Remoteness, difficulties in treating the ore, lack of reliable water supplies and labour shortages all characterized the various attempts at exploitation over a period of about 25 years to the early 1930s. Hope in the potential of the industry, however, was eternal. When the British were working with the Americans during the Second World War to develop the atomic bomb, they secretly requested Australia to undertake urgent and extensive studies into the potential supply of uranium. This led to no exports but it did lay the groundwork for Australia's post-war uranium industry that has dominated the nation's nuclear diplomacy ever since. Some three decades later, the modest quantity of radioactive waste remaining at Woolwich was rediscovered, creating a difficult urban radioactive waste dilemma. The history of both the pre-war radium–uranium industry and Australia's involvement in the war-time exploration work is reviewed, as well as the radioactive waste problems resulting from these efforts, which, despite their relatively small scale, persist and present challenges in more modern times.
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Deery, P. "Scientific Freedom and Post-War Politics: Australia, 1945-1955." Historical Records of Australian Science 13, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr0001310001.
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Sloggett, Robyn. "‘Has Aboriginal art a future?’ Leonhard Adam’s 1944 essay and the development of the Australian Aboriginal art market." International Journal of Cultural Studies 18, no. 2 (January 26, 2014): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877913515871.
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Meyrick, Julian. "The Limits of Theory: Academic versus Professional Understanding of Theatre Problems." New Theatre Quarterly 19, no. 3 (August 2003): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x03000137.
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The exponential growth of ‘theoretical’ approaches to theatre in the last twenty years has given rise to a vast body of literature and a swag of highly influential ‘command metaphors’. In this article, Julian Meyrick describes and analyzes the rise of such theories, contrasting academic understanding of theatre with the more experiential problem-solving of the profession. He argues that sophisticated ‘theoretical’ approaches to the theatre too often preclude or traduce the thinking of artists themselves, presenting practical concerns as epiphenomenal or untutored. This, in turn, points to important short-circuits in some academic takes on theatre which need modifying if ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ are once again to feed into each other in a meaningful way. Julian Meyrick Is currently an Associate Director and Literary Adviser at Melbourne Theatre Company, and an Honorary Associate with the Drama Program, La Trobe University. His production for the Melbourne Workers' Theatre, Who's Afraid of the Working Class? attracted numerous awards, and toured widely in Australia. He has published in the areas of arts policy, the theory/practice nexus, and post-1945 Australian theatre. His book on Sydney's Nimrod Theatre, See How It Runs: Nimrod and the New Wave was published by Currency Press in 2002.
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Jordan, Caroline. "Cultural Exchange in the Midst of Chaos: Theodore Sizer's Exhibition ‘Art of Australia 1788–1941’." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art 13, no. 1 (January 2013): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14434318.2013.11432641.
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Rybakowski, Janusz. "Lithium therapy in literature and art." Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology 36, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33450/fpn.2020.12.002.
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Introduction. In 1949, Australian psychiatrist John Cade described a therapeutic action of lithium carbonate in mania. This date is regarded as an introduction of lithium into contemporary psychiatric therapeutics and the beginning of modern psychopharmacology. In the early 1960s, a prophylactic activity of lithium was observed, preventing recurrences of affective episodes in mood disorders. Lithium has become a prototype of the mood-stabilising drugs and remains a drug of the first choice for the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar mood disorder. Literature review. Both the introduction of lithium into psychiatric therapy and its therapeutic action has been reflected in literature and art. This article presents the connections of lithium therapy with literature and art. They pertain to such characters as John Cade, Salvador Luria, Patty Duke, Kay Jamison, Jerzy Broszkiewicz, Ota Pavel, Robert Lowell, Jaime Lowe, Nicole Lyons, Kurt Cobain, Sting, and the band Evanescence. Conclusions. Special attention was given to the book Unquiet mind, written in 1996 by Kay Jamison, professor of psychology. In the book, her personal bipolar disorder and lithium treatment were described from the viewpoint of the eminent professional. Polish translation of the book titled Niespokojny umysł already has two editions: in 2000 and 2018.
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Bongiorno, Frank. "H.V. Evatt, Australia and Ireland’s departure from the Commonwealth: a reassessment." Irish Historical Studies 32, no. 128 (November 2001): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002112140001525x.
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On 7 September 1948 the newly appointed Taoiseach, John A. Costello, the leader of a coalition government in which his party Fine Gael was the senior partner, announced in Ottawa that he intended to repeal Eire’s External Relations Act, and thus sever its final tenuous link with the crown. The External Relations Act ‘empowered the Executive Council of the Irish Free State to authorise the use of the king’s signature on the letters of credence to be presented to heads of foreign states by Irish diplomatic representatives’. Eamon de Valera, Costello’s predecessor, had introduced the External Relations Act in 1936, and had regarded it as a device that might help to end partition. The measure magnified Ireland’s constitutional ambiguity, but with its repeal the twenty-six counties would assuredly become a republic outside the Commonwealth.
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Given, Jock. "Not Being Ernest: Uncovering Competitors in the Foundation of Australian Wireless." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 2 (2007): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr07012.
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Ernest Fisk was the dominant figure in early wireless in Australia. He headed Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia), AWA, 1917–44, and was managing director of Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) in London, 1945–51. Arriving in Australia in 1911 at a critical moment in wireless development, Fisk became the main local representative for an industry that was born global. He was not, however, the first, as is often claimed. This article examines his predecessors, whose failures tell a good deal about Fisk's strengths, the good fortune of his timing and the business strategies of early multinational wireless companies.
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Thomas, Bruce MacA, and Brian J. Robinson. "Harry Clive Minnett 1917 - 2003." Historical Records of Australian Science 16, no. 2 (2005): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05011.
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In April 1940, Harry Minnett joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, renamed CSIRO in May 1949), soon after the establishment of the Radiophysics Laboratory for research into advanced radar systems. He remained with the organization until his retirement in 1981. Harry's ability as a meticulous engineer with a thorough understanding of the related underlying scientific principles was recognized by his being appointed to leading roles in a number of significant projects. These were to have a long-term impact on Australian science and technology. Among the most important was his role in guiding the design of the Parkes 64-m radio telescope to successful completion, and the establishment of a world-recognized research group on antenna design to support radio telescope design and upgrades. He also had considerable impact on the construction of the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian optical telescope at Siding Spring Mountain, New South Wales, and the 'Interscan' aircraft Microwave Landing System being developed by the Division of Radiophysics in collaboration with industry. He was Chief of the Division from 1978 to 1981. Harry died on 20 December 2003 after a short period of illness.
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Morgan, Ruth A. "Diagnosing the Dry: Historical Case Notes from Southwest Western Australia, 1945–2007." Osiris 26, no. 1 (January 2011): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661266.
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Gaunson, Stephen. "Lost adaptations: piracy, ‘Rip Offs’, and the Australian Copyright Act 1905." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 37, no. 2 (March 9, 2016): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2016.1157288.
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LAKE, MARILYN. "The Inviolable Woman: Feminist Conceptions of Citizenship in Australia, 1900-1945." Gender & History 8, no. 2 (August 1996): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.1996.tb00043.x.
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Lesničenoka, Agnija. "Student Fraternity of the Art Academy of Latvia “Dzintarzeme”: Latvian National Art Conservation Policy in Exile (1958–1987)." Art History & Criticism 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mik-2019-0004.
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Summary After the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918, Latvia experienced a rapid influx of youth into its capital city of Riga, looking to obtain education in universities. Students began to build their academic lives and student societies. In 1923, students of the Art Academy of Latvia founded the “Dzintarzeme” (“Amberland”) fraternity. The aim of “Dzintarzeme” was to unite nationally minded students of the Art Academy of Latvia and to promote the development of national art and self-education. Most “Dzintarzeme” members were faithful to the old masters and Latvian art. This phenomenon is significant, because “Dzintarzeme” members grew up with Latvian painting traditions, which are a remarkable heritage of interwar Latvia. In 1940, when Latvia was occupied by the Soviet Union, “Dzintarzeme” was banned. A part of “Dzintarzeme” members were deported, killed in war, went missing, or stayed in the Latvian SSR; the remaining chose exile. Although scattered throughout the United States of America, Canada, and Australia, some members were able to rebuild and sustain the fraternity’s life, gathering its members, organising trips and anniversary art exhibitions. The aim of this research is to reflect on “Dzintarzeme’s” activities in exile (1958–1987), focusing on the main factors of Latvian national art conservation policy: first, the ability of “Dzintarzeme’s” ideology to preserve the values of Latvian national art in an international environment, and second, the problem of generational change and the enrollment of young Latvian artists who continued to maintain “Dzintarzeme” values in exile.
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Nevile, John. "Learning from full employment history: The 1945 Australian White Paper in practice." Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618810973.
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The part played by unemployment in the rise to power of Hitler weighed on the minds of leaders in Western democracies. There was a determination to create a world in which large-scale unemployment was abnormal and at worst only a temporary phenomenon. The war had shown that this was possible in a community united to pursue a common goal and the aim was to create such a community in a world free from the horrors of war, by creating communities in which the welfare of every person was important. Australia was remarkably successful in achieving this for 30 years. Its success depended on governments responding to any sustained increase in unemployment by undertaking large increases in public sector expenditure supported by accommodating monetary policy and tax cuts if desirable. In bad times as well as good, there was a determination to ensure that both the incomes and prices paid for necessities by the less well-off did not force anyone to live in poverty. The biggest obstacle to achieving this today is the growth of neoliberalism with its emphasis on ‘freedom’ or giving individuals the ability to act as they please with minimal constraints and an ideological commitment to small government. JEL Codes: E02, E61, N1, N4
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Hewitt, Belinda, and David de Vaus. "Change in the Association Between Premarital Cohabitation and Separation, Australia 1945 - 2000." Journal of Marriage and Family 71, no. 2 (May 2009): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00604.x.
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Bryan, Ian, and Peter Rowe. "The Role of Evidence in War Crimes Trials: the Common Law and the Yugoslav Tribunal." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2 (December 1999): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000477.
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With the passing into law of the War Crimes Act of 1991, the United Kingdom joined common law states such as Canada and Australia in conferring upon its domestic courts jurisdiction to try individuals suspected of having committed war crimes in Europe during the Second World War. Under the 1991 Act, proceedings for murder, manslaughter or culpable homicide may be brought, with the consent of the Attorney-General, against any person who, on 8 March 1990 or later, became a British citizen or resident in the United Kingdom, providing that the offence charged is alleged to have been committed between 1 September 1939 and 4 June 1945 in a place which was, at the material time, part of Germany or under German occupation. The Act further provides that the offence charged must have constituted a violation of the laws and customs of war under international law at the time it was committed. In addition, the Act stipulates that the nationality of the alleged offender at the time the alleged offence was committed is immaterial.
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Spurling, Thomas H. "Donald Eric Weiss 1924 - 2008." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10014.
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Don Weiss was born in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda on 4 October 1924 and died in Melbourne on 30 July 2008. He was educated in South Australia, at Scotch College, the South Australian School of Mines and Industry, and the University of Adelaide. He joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1948 and worked for CSIR and its successor organization, CSIRO, until his retirement in 1984. He was the Chief of the CSIRO Division of Chemical Technology from 1974 to 1979 and Director of CSIRO's Planning and Evaluation Advisory Unit from 1979 to 1984. He was a highly imaginative and creative scientist whose work was always driven by his clear understanding of its application. He made important contributions to separation science but is best known for his contributions to technology for water and waste water treatment. His enduring legacy is the more than twenty MIEX plants that have been installed around the world.
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Clark, Doreen V., and Jennifer A. Genion. "George William Kenneth 'Ken' Cavill 1922–2017." Historical Records of Australian Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18010.
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Ken Cavill knew from his high school years that his career lay in science. Whilst completing his Bachelor of Science at the University of Sydney he chose to focus on organic chemistry and made his academic career in that field. Ken gained his PhD at Liverpool University in England in 1949 and was awarded a DSc from that university in 1957. He was employed during World War 2 at W. Hermon Slade & Co., and then as a lecturer in chemistry at Sydney Technical College, becoming a senior lecturer at the newly formed University of New South Wales (UNSW), where he had a distinguished career in research and teaching until his retirement in 1982. He received the first personal chair awarded by the university in 1964 and was made a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1969. He was made an emeritus professor by UNSW in 1983. He actively pursued collaboration between chemistry and biology, and pioneered studies in Australia on the chemistry of insect venoms, attractants and repellents, leaving a legacy of a well-respected body of work in this field. Ken was awarded a Centenary of Federation Medal in 2001 for his service to Australian society and science in the field of organic biological chemistry. Pursuing his love of Australiana, he devoted his retirement to researching and writing about Australian silverware and jewellery manufacturers of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Rickards, Rodney W., and Sir John Cornforth. "Arthur John Birch 1915 - 1995." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 2 (2007): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr07010.
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Arthur John Birch AC CMG FRS FAA was one of the great organic chemists of the twentieth century. He held chairs at the Universities of Sydney and Manchester and at the Australian National University in Canberra, and was President of the Australian Academy of Science from 1982 to 1986. His outstanding research contributions include the Birch reduction of aromatic compounds by sodium and ethanol in liquid ammonia, his polyketide theory of the biosynthesis of natural products, and his studies of synthetic applications of diene iron tricarbonyl complexes. *This memoir is also published in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society of London, 2007.
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Asmer, Kadri. "Letters from the Past: Armin Tuulse’s Archive in Tartu." Baltic Journal of Art History 13 (October 9, 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2017.13.10.
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In 2015, the correspondence of Professor of Art History Armin Tuulse (1907–1977) and his wife Liidia Tuulse (1912–2012), which dates back to 1944 when the family escaped to Sweden, arrived at the Estonian Literary Museum. A significant part of the archive is comprised of the correspondence between the spouses, along with frequent contacts with exile Estonian cultural figures and Armin Tuulse’s work-related communications with colleagues in Europe, the U.S. and Australia. The main objective of this article is to take a first look at the material and highlight the main points of emphasis in the correspondence of the exile Estonians in the 1940s and 1950s. At that time, the main issue (in addition to worries about everyday hardships and living conditions) was related to the continuation of their work and keeping Estonian culture alive in a foreign cultural and linguistic space.In order to understand Armin Tuulse’s position in Sweden, the article also takes a look back onto his activities in the Department of Art History of the University of Tartu in the 1930s and 1940s, when Sten Karling (1906–1987) from Sweden came to teach in Tartu. Under Karling’s guidance, Tuulse became a dedicated scholar and later the first Estonian to become a professor of art history.
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Baier, Martin, Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo, H. J. M. Claessen, Annette B. Weiner, Charles A. Coppel, Wang Gungwu, Heleen Gall, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 150, no. 3 (1994): 588–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003081.
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- Martin Baier, Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo, Zum Seelengeliet bei den Ngaju am Kahayan; Auswertung eines Sakraltextes zur Manarung-Zeremonie beim totenfest. München: Akademischer Verlag,1993 (PhD thesis, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitiy München). - H.J.M. Claessen, Annette B. Weiner, Inalienable Possessions; The paradox of keeping-while-giving. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, 232 pp. Bibl. Index - Charles A. Coppel, Wang Gungwu, Community and Nation; China, Southeast Asia and Australia. Sydney: Asian studies of Australia in association with Allen & Unwin, 1992 (2nd revised edition), viii + 359 pp - Heleen Gall, W. J. Mommsen, European expansion and Law; the encounter of European and Indigenous Law in 19th- and 20th- century Africa and Asia. Oxford; Berg publishers, 1992, vi + 339 pp, J.A. de Moor (eds.) - Beatriz van der Goes, C. W. Watson, Kinship, Property and inheritance in Kerinci, Central Sumatra. Canterbury:University of Kent, Centre for Social Anthropology and computing Monographs no: 4. South-East Asian Series, 1992, ix + 255 pp - Kees Groeneboer, Tom van der Berge, Van Kenis tot kunst; Soendanese poezie in de koloniale tijd. Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Lieden, November 1993, 220 pp - Kees Groeneboer, J.E.A.M. Lelyveld, ‘... waarlijk geen overdaad, doch een dringende eisch..’’; Koloniaal onderwijs en onderwijsbeleid in Nederlands-Indië 1893-1942. Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 1992. - Marleen Heins, R. Anderson Sutton, Variation in Central Javanese gamelan music; Dynamics of a steady state. Northern Illinois University: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph series on Southeast Asia, (Special Report 28 ),1993. - Marleen Heins, E. Heins, Jaap Kunst, Indonesian music and dance; Traditional music and its interaction with the West. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute/Tropenmuseum, University of Amsterdam, Ethnomusicology Centre `Jaap Junst’, 1994, E. den Otter, F. van Lamsweerde (eds.) - David Henley, Harold Brookfield, South-East Asia’s environmental future; The search for sustainability. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993, xxxii + 422 pp., maps, tables, figures, index., Yvonne Byron (eds.) - Antje van der Hoek, Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, De emancipatie van Molukse vrouwen in Nederland. Utrecht: Van Arkel,1992, Francy Leatemia-Toma-tala (eds.) - Michael Hitchcock, Brita L. Miklouho-Maklai, Exposing Society’s Wounds; Some aspects of Indonesian Art since 1966. Adelaide: Flinders University Asian studies Monograph No.5, illustrations, 1991, iii + 125 pp - Nico Kaptein, Fred R. von der Mehden, Two Worlds of Islam; Interaction between Southeast Asia and the Middle East.Gainesville etc: University Press of Florida 1993, xiii + 128 pp - Nico Kaptein, Karel Steenbrink, Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam; Contacts and Conflicts 1596-1950. Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, 1993. - Harry A. Poeze, Rudolf Mrázek, Sjahrir; Politics and exile in Indonesia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program, 1994. - W.G.J. Remmelink, Takao Fusayama, A Japanese memoir of Sumatra 1945-1946; Love and hatred in the liberation war. Ithaca: Cornell University (Cornell Modern Indonesia Project Monograph series 71), 1993, 151 pp., maps, illustrations. - Ratna Saptari, Diana Wolf, Factory Daughters; Gender, Household Dynamics, and Rural Industrialization in Java. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. - Ignatius Supriyanto, Ward Keeler, Javanese Shadow Puppets. Singapore (etc.): Oxford University Press, 1992, vii + 72 pp.,bibl., ills. (Images of Asia). - Brian Z. Tamanaha,S.J.D., Juliana Flinn, Review of diplomas and thatch houses; Asserting tradition in a changing Micronesia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992. - Gerard Termorshuizen, Dorothée Buur, Indische jeugdliteratuur; Geannoteerde bibliografie van jeugdboeken over Nederlands-Indië en Indonesië, 1825-1991. Leiden, KITLV Uitgeverij, 1992, 470 pp., - Barbara Watson Andaya, Reinout Vos, Gentle Janus, merchant prince; The VOC and the tightrope of diplomacy in the Malay world, 1740-1800. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1994, xii + 252 pp.
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Bryant, Chris, Ian Beveridge, Malcolm Jones, and Hugh I. Jones. "John Frederick Adrian Sprent 1915–2010." Historical Records of Australian Science 24, no. 2 (2013): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr13007.
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John Frederick Adrian Sprent was the outstanding figure in Parasitology in Australia in the twentieth century. He established and held the Chair of the Department of Parasitology at the University of Queensland from 1956 to 1983. He was internationally recognized by parasitologists, both for his work on ascaridoid nematodes and for his huge contribution as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal for Parasitology from 1974 to 1993.
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Jones, Timothy H. "Judicial review and codification." Legal Studies 20, no. 4 (November 2000): 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2000.tb00158.x.
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This article addresses the potential advantages and disadvantages of codifying the grounds of judicial review of administrative action. The four principal legal values associated with codification are described: certainty; clarity; democratic legitimacy; and rationality. The extent to which codification might further these values is considered in the light of two comparative models: the United States Administrative Procedure Act 1946 and the Australian Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth). It is concluded that codification offers no solution to the practical and theoretical problems of judicial review. Codification places the content of the principles of judicial review in the hands of politicians. Australian legislation limiting the grounds of review available in migration cases shows the danger to the separation of powers inherent in codification. If it is thought desirable to foster the further development of the principles of judicial review, this can best be achieved by leaving the task to the judiciary.
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Robin, Libby, and Jon C. Day. "Maxwell Frank Cooper Day 1915–2017." Historical Records of Australian Science 31, no. 1 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19007.
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Max Day (1915–2017) entomologist, scientific diplomat and conservationist, was a national scientific leader across the twentieth century, a time that spanned the rise of the idea of the environment and of concern about ecological limits. He was a pioneer in Australia of integrated, cross-disciplinary science and an important advocate of evidence-based policy-making. His fundamental disciplinary work in entomology, virology, ecology and forestry focused on nationally significant problems and their international context.
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Mei, Ding. "From Xinjiang to Australia." Inner Asia 17, no. 2 (December 9, 2015): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340044.
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Russians have lived in Xinjiang since the nineteenth century and those who accepted Chinese citizenship were recognised as one of China’s ethnic minorities known asguihua zu(naturalised and assimilated people). In theminzuidentification programme (1950s–1980s), the nameeluosi zureplacedguihua zuand became Russians’ official identification in China. Russians (including both Soviet and Chinese citizens) used to constitute a significant population in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and several other regions in China before the 1960s. According to the 2000 census,eluosi zuhad a population of only 15,609 and more than half of these lived in Xinjiang. Based on anthropological fieldwork in China and Australia, this article investigates the formation of theeluosi zuand the changing concept of ‘the Russian’ in Xinjiang, with the emphasis on the socialist period after 1949. The emigration to Australia from the 1960s to 1980s initially strengthened the European identity of this Russian minority. With the abolition of the ‘white Australia’ policy in 1973 and China’s growing importance to Australia, this Russian minority group’s identification with Xinjiang and China has been revived. Studying Russians from Xinjiang also provides an insight into the Uyghur diaspora in Australia, since their emigration history and shared regional identity are intertwined.
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Garton, Stephen. "‘Fit Only for the Scrap Heap’: Rebuilding Returned Soldier Manhood in Australia after 1945." Gender & History 20, no. 1 (April 2008): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2007.00501.x.
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Smith, F. Andrew, Tim Cavagnaro, and Sandy Dickson. "Sarah Elizabeth Smith 1941–2019." Historical Records of Australian Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr20018.
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Sally Smith (1941–2019) was a world leader in the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and soil fungi that allow a wide range of plants to grow in soils low in nutrients, especially phosphate (Fig. 1). Her work has been relevant to both plant ecology and agricultural productivity. Sally obtained a tenurable position at the University of Adelaide after many years’ employment on short-term contracts. She rapidly developed a large and active group that researched at scales ranging from advanced microscopy through molecular biology and physiology to plant ecology. Sally established long-standing international collaborations and was awarded many honours. She was a keen cook and gardener, and became an avid birdwatcher, travelling the world with her husband Andrew in pursuit of their hobby. Fig. 1.Sally on her election to the Australian Academy of Science, 2001. Photographer unknown. Reproduced with the permission of the Australian Academy of Science.
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Pascoe Leahy. "From the Little Wife to the Supermom? Maternographies of Feminism and Mothering in Australia since 1945." Feminist Studies 45, no. 1 (2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15767/feministstudies.45.1.0100.
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