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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial diamonds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Зиенко, С. И., та Д. С. Слабковский. "Сравнительный анализ спектров люминесценции алмазов". Журнал технической физики 127, № 9 (2019): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.09.48210.354-18.

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AbstractTo identify the signs that distinguish natural diamonds from artificial diamonds, a comparative analysis of the luminescence spectra with regards to the Q factor, center of gravity, bandwidth parameter, and energy losses in the diamond crystal lattice under conditions of ohmic and dielectric relaxation of luminescence is performed. The phenomenon of resonant luminescence in the femtosecond time range is detected in diamond. It is established that natural and artificial diamonds noticeably differ in the relaxation frequency and in the energy of resonant radiation.

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Napoletani, Domenico, Marco Panza, and Daniele C. Struppa. "Artificial Diamonds are Still Diamonds." Foundations of Science 18, no. 3 (2013): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-013-9333-z.

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Calvão, Filipe, and Lindsay Bell. "From Ashes to Diamonds." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 26 (June 30, 2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.6916.

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This article examines the making and makers of “memorial diamonds.” These are “natural” diamonds identical to gemstones found in nature but produced in laboratories with carbon sourced from genetic material (cremation ashes) or other objects of symbolic and emotional value. Threading corporality and objectified life forms, we examine the transformation from ashes to the “afterlife” of these “living” objects that are at once synthetic and organic. We ask, first, what material and affective properties distinguish synthetic diamonds from those extracted from nature? Second, how are these living and memorialized representations of inert substances – in continuity with bodily elements of the deceased – valued and mediated through “real” human, though artificially grown, natural objects? Drawing from research with the leading companies in the memorial diamond business in Switzerland and the United States, this article suggests that these diamonds’ singular connection to the human body offer a window into the transmutations between nature and the artificial, memory and material likeness, life and death.

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CHEN, CHANGLE, and QIANWANG CHEN. "RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN DIAMOND SYNTHESIS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 04 (2008): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208038685.

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The high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) method led to wide applications of artificial diamonds in industry. Low temperature coating of diamonds has been studied for some time, and chemical vapor deposition has been developed. In this contribution, we will focus on the most recent developments in diamond synthesis, and especially the important progress upon hydrothermal synthesis and the reduction of carbide (HSRC), which has attracted more and more attention due to its great commercial potential. Especially, we will discuss the synthesis of colorless, large diamond crystals from the reduction of carbon dioxide or carbonates. In addition, some recent progress on the theoretical studies of the metastable nucleation and growth of diamonds will also be reviewed. Finally, theories about the genesis of natural diamond were briefly reviewed, and a new theory based on our experimental results was proposed, which suggests that diamond within the Earth could be produced from carbon dioxide wherever carbon dioxide existed and the conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and reducing environment) are satisfied.

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Messalem, R., A. Kiriaty, and M. Kazinets. "Growth forms of artificial diamonds." Ultramicroscopy 19, no. 4 (1986): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(86)90117-8.

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Krasin, G. K., N. G. Stsepuro, M. S. Kovalev, P. A. Danilov, and S. I. Kudryashov. "Detection and study of polarized pulsed photoluminescence of diamonds for mapping of natural diamond." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2127, no. 1 (2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2127/1/012050.

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Abstract The bulk mapping of natural diamond poses problems where it is required to characterize various defects and measure their optical properties in volume. The combination of photoluminescence spectroscopy methods and methods for detecting the state of polarization in the volume will expand the functionality for mapping natural and artificial diamonds. The implemented methods will be an effective tool for the structural description of diamond optical centers.

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Rakin, V. I., O. Y. Kovalchuk, and B. S. Pomazansky. "Dissymmetrization of artificial and natural diamonds." Doklady Earth Sciences 471, no. 2 (2016): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x16120217.

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Zhdanov, Vladislav, Marina Sokolova, Pavel Smirnov, Lukasz Andrzejewski, Julia Bondareva, and Stanislav Evlashin. "A Comparative Analysis of Energy and Water Consumption of Mined versus Synthetic Diamonds." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217062.

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In our research, we analyzed the energy and water consumption in diamond mining and laboratory synthesis operations. We used publicly available reports issued by two market leaders, DeBeers and ALROSA, to estimate water and energy use per carat of a rough diamond. The efficiency of the two most popular synthesis technologies for artificial diamonds—High-Pressure-High-Temperature (HPHT) and Microwave-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (M-CVD)—was examined. We found that the modern HPHT presses, with open cooling circuits, consume about 36 kWh/ct when producing gem-quality and average-sized (near-) colorless diamonds. ALROSA and DeBeers use about 96 kWh/ct and 150 kWh/ct, respectively, including all energy required to mine. Energy consumption of M-CVD processes can be different and depends on technological conditions. Our M-CVD machine is the least energy-efficient, requiring about 215 kWh/ct in the single-crystal regime, using 2.45-GHz magnetron for the support synthesis. The M-CVD methods of individual synthetic companies IIa Technology and Ekati Mine are different from our results and equal 77 and 143 kWh/ct, respectively. Water consumption for the HPHT and M-CVD methods was insignificant: approximately zero and 0.002 m3/ct, respectively, and below 0.077 m3/ct for ALROSA-mined diamonds. This study touches upon the impact of the diamond production methods used on the carbon footprint.

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Moller, J. P., and D. H. Swart. "EXTREME EROSION EVENT ON AN ARTIFICIAL BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (1988): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.139.

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At Oranjemund just north of the mouth of the Orange on the South-West African/ Namibian coastline the Consolidated Diamond Mines (Pty) Limited (CDM) is mining for diamonds in the inshore area. They use an artificially-built seawall of sand to keep the sea out of the paddocks which are being stripped and mined at bedrock level, which is well below sea level. The seawall runs parallel to the original shoreline at a distance of up to 350 m offshore. The beach profile is correspondingly very steep and under most conditions offshore sediment losses occur, which are compensated for by artificial nourishment. During February 1987 offshore losses of about 120 m per running metre of seawall were recorded from above the waterline. In this paper a data set is presented to serve as a basis for the calibration of on-offshore sediment models and some simulations are reported on.

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Cavanagh, Patrick, and Stuart Anstis. "Diamond Patterns: Cumulative Cornsweet Effects and Motion-Induced Brightening." i-Perception 9, no. 4 (2018): 204166951877069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518770690.

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A Cornsweet edge creates the perception of a step in surface lightness between two adjacent regions of identical mean luminance due to a gradient on both sides. We might imagine that in a concatenated set of these gradients, the lightness steps would accumulate, but they do not. However, a diamond pattern, with each diamond filled with an identical luminance gradient does give a cumulative Cornsweet effect. Here, we offer an illumination explanation for why the cumulative effect is visible in the diamonds but not in the basic ramp grating and we demonstrate that when the diamonds drift, they produce a strong brightening effect (depending on the direction of the motion) and a dimming aftereffect. These effects are consistent with the local luminance gradients and not with the global lightness shift of the cumulative Cornsweet effect.

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WANG, Xue, Lihong YANG, Yufei GONG, and Xueli ZHENG. "Work Miracles: The Truth of Artificial Diamonds." University Chemistry 34, no. 8 (2019): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201904011.

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Emelyanov, V. A., E. B. Shershnev, Yu V. Nikitjuk, S. I. Sokolov, and I. Y. Aushev. "Estimating the Parameters of Laser Processing of Diamonds Using the Finite Element Method and Artificial Neural Networks." Doklady BGUIR 21, no. 4 (2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2023-21-4-40-45.

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This paper provides the simulation of laser processing of diamonds by using a combination of artificial neural networks and the finite element method. The training data array and the data array for testing neural networks were generated in ANSYS. The calculations were performed for 600 types of input parameters, 60 of which were used to test artificial neural networks. The influence of the parameters of neural network models on the accuracy of determining temperatures in the laser processing area were studied. The parameters of neural networks were established that provide acceptable results in predicting temperatures generated by laser radiation in diamonds. The results obtained can be used to determine the technological parameters of the laser processing of diamonds.

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Spierings, Adriaan Bernardus, Christian Leinenbach, Christoph Kenel, and Konrad Wegener. "Processing of metal-diamond-composites using selective laser melting." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 2 (2015): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2014-0156.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is a feasibility study that was performed to investigate the basic processability of a diamond-containing metal matrix. Powder-bed-based additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting (SLM) offer a huge degree of freedom, both in terms of part design and material options. In that respect, mixtures of different powders can offer new ways for the manufacture of materials with tailored properties for special applications such as metal-based cutting or grinding tools with incorporated hard phases. Design/methodology/approach – A two-step approach was used to first investigate the basic SLM-processability of a Cu-Sn-Ti-Zr alloy, which is usually used for the active brazing of ceramics and superhard materials. After the identification of a suitable processing window, the processing parameters were then applied to a mixture of this matrix material with 10-20 volume per cent artificial, Ni-coated mono-crystalline diamonds. Findings – Even though the processing parameters were not yet optimized, stable specimens out of the matrix material could be produced. Also, diamond-containing mixtures with the matrix material resulted in stable specimens, where the diamonds survived the layer-wise build process with the successive heat input, as almost no graphitization was observed. The diamond particles are fully embedded in the Cu-Sn-Ti-Zr matrix material. The outer part of the diamonds partly dissolves in the matrix during the SLM process, forming small TiC particles and most likely a thin TiC layer around the diamond particles. Originality/value – The feasibility study approved the SLM processing capabilities of a metal-diamond composite. Although some cracking phenomena sill occur, this seems to be an interesting and promising way to create new abrasive tools with added value in terms of internal and local lubrication supply, tooling temperature control and improved tooling durability.

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Jia, X., S. Hayakawa, K. Ugajin, et al. "Iron and Chromium as Impurities in Artificial Diamonds." REVIEW OF HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 7 (1998): 998–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.7.998.

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Zdeb, Konrad, Piotr Żukiewicz, and Edyta Łukasik. "Learning speed or prediction accuracy? Comparative analysis of program-ming frameworks for artificial intelligence." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 24 (September 30, 2022): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2926.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze frameworks for artificial intelligence applications. In particular, the effectiveness, time-consumption and resources requirement. Linear regression, random forests and k nearest neighbors models were created for each framework. The learning data is a dataset containing informations about diamonds and their prices. Each model was designed to learn diamonds’ prices and then make a prediction depending on its specific characteristics such as cut, color, and volume. The learning data was divided into sets of different sizes to show changes in a model depending on the amount of training data.

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Qian, Kun, Yuki Yamada, Takahiro Kawabe, and Kayo Miura. "The Scintillating Grid Illusion: Influence of Size, Shape, and Orientation of the Luminance Patches." Perception 38, no. 8 (2009): 1172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5943.

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The scintillating grid illusion refers to the illusory perception of black spots on luminance patches at the intersections of a grey grid on a black background. We examined how spatial parameters of luminance patches modulated the strength of the illusion. In experiment 1, we controlled the size and shape of the luminance patches. For the largest-size conditions tested, we found a significant reduction in the strength of the illusion with squares when compared to circles or diamonds. In experiment 2, we controlled the orientation of quadrangle patches and confirmed a significantly larger reduction in the strength of the illusion when the edge orientations of quadrangle patches were vertical and horizontal (square) than when they were oblique (diamond). To explore the relationship between orientation processing and scintillating grid illusion, we controlled, in experiment 3, the global orientation of the display; the strength of the illusion with diamonds was significantly weaker when it was rotated by 45° than when it was not rotated. These results indicate that it is not only the difference of edge orientation of luminance patches, but also the orientation with respect to the grid that determines the strength of the illusion.

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Kawabe, Takahiro, Kun Qian, Yuki Yamada, and Kayo Miura. "The Jaggy Diamonds Illusion." Perception 39, no. 4 (2010): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6617.

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Roncato, Sergio. "The Brightness of Diamonds." Perception 39, no. 10 (2010): 1412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6759.

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Oberstedt, S., R. Borcea, T. Bryś, et al. "Artificial diamonds as radiation-hard detectors for ultra-fast fission-fragment timing." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 714 (June 2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.02.029.

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Berov, Z. Zh, A. R. Manukyants, Y. N. Kasumov, and V. A. Sozaev. "FHASE FORMING AND STRUCTURAL FEATURE TWU-LAYER COATING «TITANIUM/NICHROME» ON ARTIFICIAL POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMONDS." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 10 (December 15, 2018): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2018.10.106.

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Meyer, Glenn E., and Thomas J. Dougherty. "Ambiguous Fluidity and Rigidity and Diamonds that Ooze!" Perception 19, no. 4 (1990): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p190491.

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Moller, J. P., K. C. Owen, and D. H. Swart. "COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDIES FOR INSHORE MINING OF DIAMONDS AT ORANJEMUND." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (1986): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.103.

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This paper describes a diamond mining operation on the west coast of Africa in Namibia (South West Africa, see Figures 1a and 1b), where a sea-wall of normal beach sand has been built out to a distance of more than 300 m seawards of the original coastline. The wall which runs alongshore is maintained in the high energy environment, which is characterized by northbound longshore transport rates, by means of artificial suppletion at a rate of up to and more than 300 000 m / month. Before embarking on the project the company had to be assured of the sand on the sand-wall; to allow completion of the project free of severe damage by wave action. This implied being able to predict the erosion rate of the sea-wall by the waves. The data set used consisted of wave measurements by Waverider and wave observations obtained from voluntary observing ships; aerial photographs at monthly intervals of the waterline in the study area; and soundings of the beach, sea-wall and nearshore topography by using a helicopter as a platform. Various methods of prediction and projection were used to quantify sediment movement.

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Cowie, R. "Zooming Diamonds: A New Illusion, and a Warning on the Biological Relevance of Parallel Projection." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970197.

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A new illusion is described. Observers watch parallel projections of ‘diamonds’ (rhombi) tumbling in 3-D. The displays are generated by moving a viewpoint round a fixed rhombus on a trajectory with two components—a circle parallel to the plane of the diamond, and a superimposed change in elevation which varies sinusoidally. To a greater or lesser extent, depending on the phase of the sinusoid, elevation change is misinterpreted as ‘zooming’ in and out—though in fact the projection always corresponds to an object at a fixed distance. The illusion was devised to underline the questions surrounding the treatment of parallel projection in biological systems. The standard formulations considered in computational vision preclude the kind of size - distance trade-off that the illusion demonstrates, but they do imply that observers should be able to register the shape of an object from this kind of display. A less familiar formulation, ‘paraperspective projection’, allows size - distance trade-off as in perspective projection, but it suggests the shape of a lamina should be impossible to recover from motion. Stimuli which promote ‘zooming’ do weaken shape discrimination, but the trade-off is incomplete. A possible solution is that human vision picks out size change in a way that is appropriate when either object or motion path is ‘friendly’, but that misleads when awkward combinations occur. Certainly vision research should avoid assuming that the attractively simple consequences associated with standard parallel projection govern the way biological systems operate.

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Azevedo, Cristiano B., José Humberto S. Almeida Jr, Heitor F. Flores, Frederico Eggers, and Sandro C. Amico. "Influence of mosaic pattern on hygrothermally-aged filament wound composite cylinders under axial compression." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 19 (2020): 2651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319899144.

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The mechanical response of composite structures may be affected by harsh environments, particularly when the matrix has a major contribution, e.g. with off-axis plies. This study aims at investigating the influence of the winding pattern on the axial compressive behavior of filament wound composite cylinder under hygrothermal conditioning. Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy cylinders were manufactured via filament winding with 1/1, 3/1, and 5/1 mosaic winding patterns and submitted to distilled and artificial seawater environmental conditioning. Water uptake for each hygrothermal conditioning was periodically monitored. The winding pattern influenced both compressive strength and stiffness, and the environmental conditioning decreased strength up to ≈10%. The winding pattern with three diamonds around the circumference of the cylinders provides the properties in term of compressive strength and stiffness.

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Kudin, A. M., and B. A. Rudenko. "Chromatographic identification of benzene hydrogenation products in the preparation of artificial diamonds using a symmetric cavitation bubble collapse." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 3 (2009): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934809030101.

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Macedo, VC, NAY Souza, AL Faria e. Silva, et al. "Pullout Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Luted to Different Depths and Submitted to Artificial Aging." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 4 (2013): E128—E133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-321-l.

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SUMMARY Introduction The extension of fiber post cementation often does not seem to influence the fracture resistance of restorations. This study evaluated the effects of cementation depths on the retention of fiber posts submitted to artificial aging. Methods One hundred and sixty bovine incisors were selected to assess post retention. Following endodontic treatment, the canals were flared with diamonds burs. Postholes were prepared in lengths of 5 or 10 mm, after which fiber posts were relined with composite resin and luted with RelyX ARC or RelyX Unicem. The samples were then submitted to thermal and/or mechanical cycling before testing their pullout bond strengths. Absence of cycling was used as a control. The results of each cement were submitted to two-way and post hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results Independent of the aging protocol, a depth of 10 mm showed higher pullout bond strength than did 5 mm, except for RelyX Unicem without cycling. For RelyX ARC, thermomechanical cycling resulted in lower values than in the absence of cycling. Mechanical cycling alone promoted the highest bond strength when the posts were luted with RelyX Unicem. Conclusion The effect of artificial aging on the pullout bond strength is dependent on the type of material and the depth.

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Osato Itohan Oriekhoe, Bankole Ibrahim Ashiwaju, Kelechi Chidiebere Ihemereze, Uneku Ikwue, and Chioma Ann Udeh. "BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 6, no. 1 (2024): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i1.714.

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This paper explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology in addressing inefficiencies, opaque processes, and fraud susceptibility in the traditional supply chain ecosystem. Blockchain technology, with its distributed ledger technology (DLT), provides secure, transparent, and tamper-proof record-keeping capabilities throughout the supply chain. Its applications include traceability and transparency, inventory and logistics optimization, smart contracts for automated payments, and counterfeit prevention and brand protection. Blockchain's decentralized and immutable ledger facilitates traceability, offering an unalterable record of the journey of goods. Real-time visibility into inventory levels and locations empowers better forecasting, demand planning, and logistics management, leading to cost reductions and improved efficiency in warehousing, delivery routes, and resource utilization. Smart contracts enable automated, secure, and transparent execution of predefined contractual conditions, resulting in efficiency gains, cost savings, and contractual compliance. Blockchain also creates a secure digital fingerprint for products, combating counterfeiting and ensuring product authenticity throughout the supply chain. The case study of Everledger in the diamond industry exemplifies how blockchain technology contributes to ethical sourcing and reduces the risk of conflict diamonds. However, blockchain faces challenges such as scalability, regulatory uncertainties, cost, and privacy concerns. Future directions involve integrating blockchain with artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, developing industry-specific blockchain solutions, and exploring hybrid blockchain models. By addressing these challenges through collaborative research, development, and policy initiatives, stakeholders can unlock the full potential of blockchain in supply chain management, creating a resilient and robust supply chain ecosystem. Keywords: Blockchain, Supply Chain Management, Traceability, Efficiency, Trust, Case Studies, Best Practices, Agriculture, Pharmaceuticals, Manufacturing, Challenges, Future Directions

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Homrighausen, Jonas, Ludwig Horsthemke, Jens Pogorzelski, Sarah Trinschek, Peter Glösekötter, and Markus Gregor. "Edge-Machine-Learning-Assisted Robust Magnetometer Based on Randomly Oriented NV-Ensembles in Diamond." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031119.

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Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in nano- or micro-diamonds is a promising technology for precise magnetic-field sensors. Here, we propose a new, low-cost and stand-alone sensor setup that employs machine learning on an embedded device, so-called edge machine learning. We train an artificial neural network with data acquired from a continuous-wave ODMR setup and subsequently use this pre-trained network on the sensor device to deduce the magnitude of the magnetic field from recorded ODMR spectra. In our proposed sensor setup, a low-cost and low-power ESP32 microcontroller development board is employed to control data recording and perform inference of the network. In a proof-of-concept study, we show that the setup is capable of measuring magnetic fields with high precision and has the potential to enable robust and accessible sensor applications with a wide measuring range.

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Tardocchi, M., M. Rebai, D. Rigamonti, et al. "A high-resolution neutron spectroscopic camera for the SPARC tokamak based on the Jet European Torus deuterium–tritium experience." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (2022): 113512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101779.

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Dedicated nuclear diagnostics have been designed, developed, and built within EUROFUSION enhancement programs in the last ten years for installation at the Joint European Torus and capable of operation in high power Deuterium–Tritium (DT) plasmas. The recent DT Experiment campaign, called DTE2, has been successfully carried out in the second half of 2021 and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the new nuclear diagnostics and for an understanding of their behavior in the record high 14 MeV neutron yields (up to 4.7 × 1018 n/s) and total number of neutrons (up to 2 × 1019 n) achieved on a tokamak. In this work, we will focus on the 14 MeV high resolution neutron spectrometers based on artificial diamonds which, for the first time, have extensively been used to measure 14 MeV DT neutron spectra with unprecedented energy resolution (Full Width at Half Maximum of ≈1% at 14 MeV). The work will describe their long-term stability and operation over the DTE2 campaign as well as their performance as neutron spectrometers in terms of achieved energy resolution and high rate capability. This important experience will be used to outline the concept of a spectroscopic neutron camera for the SPARC tokamak. The proposed neutron camera will be the first one to feature the dual capability to measure (i) the 2.5 and 14 MeV neutron emissivity profile via the conventional neutron detectors based on liquid or plastics scintillators and (ii) the 14 MeV neutron spectral emission via the use of high-resolution diamond-based spectrometers. The new opportunities opened by the spectroscopic neutron camera to measure plasma parameters will be discussed.

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Терентьев, С. А. "Рентгеновская и алмазная оптика. Новые материалы и приборы для технологического прорыва". NANOINDUSTRY Russia 13, № 3-4 (2020): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2020.13.3-4.168.173.

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20 марта Технологический институт сверхтвердых и новых углеродных материалов отметил 25-летний юбилей. За прошедшее с момента основания время в институте были разработаны уникальные технологии получения искусственных алмазов, сверхтвердых материалов и элементов на их основе, множество приборов для оптической электроники и рентгеновской оптики, а также инструментов по измерениям и исследованиям сверхтвердых материалов, о которых уже сообщалось в репортажах нашему журналу. О достижениях института, полученных результатах, популяризации науки и перспективах дальнейших исследований рассказывает директор института, кандидат технических наук Сергей Александрович Терентьев. On March 20, the Technological Institute of Superhard and New Carbon Materials celebrated its 25th anniversary. Since then, the institute has developed unique technologies for producing artificial diamonds, superhard materials and elements based on them, many instruments for optical electronics and X-ray optics, as well as instruments for measuring and researching superhard materials, which were already reported in our reports to the magazine. Director of the Institute, Candidate of Technical Sciences Sergey Alexandrovich Terentyev talks about the achievements of the Institute, the results achieved, the popularization of science and the prospects for further research.

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Buckley, D., J. P. Frisby, V. J. Aranaz, and M. M. Lipson. "Why Do Some People Take a Long Time to See Complex Random-Dot Stereograms?" Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970049.

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Some observers take a long time to see the appropriate surface shapes depicted in complex random-dot stereograms (RDSs) whereas others report seeing them quickly. We have hypothesised that this may be due in part to some observers being more affected than others by the cue conflicts that are typically present in RDSs, for which disparity is often at odds with accommodation, texture, and outline shape cues. We report two experiments in which we investigated whether a measure of dominance of texture/outline cues over disparity cues in stereograms of ridges could predict latencies to see RDSs of ‘wedding cakes’ viewed from above. Latencies were measured for correctly reporting the number of layers in the wedding cakes. The ridge cue dominance index was obtained by using amplitude judgements of convex parabolic vertical and horizontal ridge stereograms embodying texture/outline vs disparity cue conflicts (Buckley and Frisby, 1993 Vision Research33 919 – 934). In the first experiment ( N=38) disparity cues in the wedding cakes were depicted with inconsistent dot texture elements, ie the dots signalled flatness as there were no density differences between the cake layers. Observers giving greater weight to texture/outline in the vertical-ridge amplitude task showed significantly longer latencies to the wedding cakes. In a second experiment with different observers ( N=35), 18 were shown wedding cakes with textures consistent with disparity (diamonds drawn with correct perspective and density) and 17 saw the same disparity cues carried by inconsistent textures (diamonds signalling flatness). Large and significant correlations were found between the cue dominance index from vertical ridges and the latencies to wedding cakes depicted with inconsistent textures: observers with higher texture/outline cue dominance showed longer latencies. This result was remarkable given the lack of any readily apparent differences between the consistent and inconsistent textures in the wedding-cake stimuli. Equivalent correlations for wedding cakes depicted with consistent textures were small and nonsignificant. We conclude that individual differences in latencies to complex RDSs can be partly explained by differences in observers' susceptibility to texture/disparity cue conflicts embodied in those RDSs.

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Qureshi, Shahzad Ahmad, Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao, Lal Hussain, Haroon Aman, Trong-Nghia Le, and Muhammad Rafique. "Recent Development of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Optical Biosensing and Disease Diagnosis." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (2022): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121181.

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The ability to precisely monitor the intracellular temperature directly contributes to the essential understanding of biological metabolism, intracellular signaling, thermogenesis, and respiration. The intracellular heat generation and its measurement can also assist in the prediction of the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. However, intracellular thermometry without altering the biochemical reactions and cellular membrane damage is challenging, requiring appropriately biocompatible, nontoxic, and efficient biosensors. Bright, photostable, and functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have emerged as excellent probes for intracellular thermometry and magnetometry with the spatial resolution on a nanometer scale. The temperature and magnetic field-dependent luminescence of naturally occurring defects in diamonds are key to high-sensitivity biosensing applications. Alterations in the surface chemistry of FNDs and conjugation with polymer, metallic, and magnetic nanoparticles have opened vast possibilities for drug delivery, diagnosis, nanomedicine, and magnetic hyperthermia. This study covers some recently reported research focusing on intracellular thermometry, magnetic sensing, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomedical imaging. We extend the application of FNDs as biosensors toward disease diagnosis by using intracellular, stationary, and time-dependent information. Furthermore, the potential of machine learning (ML) and AI algorithms for developing biosensors can revolutionize any future outbreak.

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Palmer, Stephen, Edward Simone, and Paul Kube. "Reference Frame Effects on Shape Perception in Two versus Three Dimensions." Perception 17, no. 2 (1988): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p170147.

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Three experiments are reported in which it is tested whether the Gestalt effect of configural orientation on shape perception operates on two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) representations of space. It is known that gravitationally defined squares and diamonds take longer to discriminate in diagonal arrays than in horizontal or vertical arrays. In the first experiment it is shown that this interference effect decreases dramatically in magnitude when pictorial depth information is added so that subjects perceive the target shapes in different depth planes. In the second experiment this difference is shown not to be due to relative size of the target shapes or to occlusion of a background plane. It is also shown, in the final experiment, that this difference is not due to linear perspective information or merely to perception of the target figures in a 3-D scene. The overall pattern of results supports the position that this configural reference frame effect arises primarily when the elements of the configuration are coplanar, and that the principal organization underlying it is the structure of the perceived 3-D environment rather than that of the 2-D image. In all three experiments, however, there is also a small interference effect in the noncoplanar 3-D conditions. This might be due either to some aspect of reference frame selection operating on the 2-D image representation or to the failure of subjects to see depth in the 3-D stimuli on some proportion of the trials.

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Jiwanti, Prastika Krisma, Anis Puspita Sari, Siti Wafiroh, et al. "An Electrochemical Sensor of Theophylline on a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Nickel Nanoparticles." Sensors 23, no. 20 (2023): 8597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208597.

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Theophylline is a drug with a narrow therapeutic range. Electrochemical sensors are a potentially effective method for detecting theophylline concentration to prevent toxicity. In this work, a simple modification of a boron-doped diamond electrode using nickel nanoparticles was successfully performed for a theophylline electrochemical sensor. The modified electrode was characterized using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry methods were used to study the electrochemical behavior of theophylline. The modified nickel nanoparticles on the boron-doped diamond electrode exhibited an electrochemically active surface area of 0.0081 cm2, which is larger than the unmodified boron-doped diamond’s area of 0.0011 cm2. This modified electrode demonstrated a low limit of detection of 2.79 µM within the linear concentration range from 30 to 100 µM. Moreover, the modified boron-doped diamond electrode also showed selective properties against D-glucose, ammonium sulfate, and urea. In the real sample analysis using artificial urine, the boron-doped diamond electrode with nickel nanoparticle modifications achieved a %recovery of 105.10%, with a good precision of less than 5%. The results of this work indicate that the developed method using nickel nanoparticles on a boron-doped diamond electrode is promising for the determination of theophylline.

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Anandhan M, Anandhan M., Rama Gopal V. Sarepaka, and Hariharan P. Hariharan P. "Prediction of Surface Roughness Using Artificial Neural Network in Single Point Diamond Turning." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 6 (2012): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2013/70.

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Nesměrák, Karel, and Radek Chalupa. "Marcel Proust: In Search of Chemistry in His Work. The Author and His Great Chemical Novel." Chemické listy 116, no. 6 (2022): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220348.

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The article analyzes the use of chemistry as a means of communication and imagination in the writings of the famous French writer Marcel Proust (1871−1922). The oldest work in which Proust uses chemistry is the unfinished novel Jean Santeuil from 1895−1900. The author demonstrated a remarkable knowledge of the possibilities of analytical chemistry, including spectral analysis, and drew attention to the risk of morphine addiction. In a collection of texts Pastiches et mélanges from 1919, Proust describes the period Lemoine's affair with the alleged production of artificial diamonds (unrealizable at that time), in which the name of the French chemist and Nobelist Henri Moissan (1852−1907) also appeared. However, we find the greatest representation of chemistry in his life's work, the novel À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time). Proust – walking in the footsteps of Johann von Goethe – literally created a great chemical novel. First, we analyze the chemical nature of the so-called Proust phenomenon based on the sensory effect of substances on memory. We identify the volatile organic compounds that are responsible for the effect in the novel. Next, we note all references to chemistry and chemists as such, including alchemy. Third, we observe how the writer masterfully used chemical phenomena and concepts as a metaphorical means to express the feelings and motives of the actions of the novel's characters. Fourth, we provide an annotated overview of chemicals that are introduced in the novel as drugs: acetylsalicylic acid, aminophenazone, atropine, barbital, caffeine, quinine, cocaine, ethanol, morphine, opium, pepsin, phenol, trional, veronal. Proust's personal experience with them is demonstrated by the remarkable details about their effects mentioned in the novel. Finally, we mention the reception of Proust's work by chemists. In addition to reading for pleasure, Proust's work can also play an important communication and inspirational role in chemistry teaching in schools, as well as in the education of the public, and thus help to manage chemophobia. At the same time, it can further strengthen the identity of chemists as an essential part of human culture.

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Massironi, Manfredo, and Nicola Bruno. "The Perception of Surface Folding in Static and Animated Displays." Perception 26, no. 2 (1997): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260153.

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How do we interpret outline drawings of surfaces? Although pictorial depictions are projectively ambiguous, observers demonstrate definite preferences of interpretation. Additionally, they commit typical errors. A study is reported of one specific arrangement of surfaces as it is represented in outline drawings, namely the arrangement that results when two arbitrary surfaces are joined at a common edge to form an angle in 3-D (‘phenomenic folding’). With some of these arrangements, observers report that the angle formed by the two surfaces is zero (complete folding). With others, they report that the angles are greater than zero (incomplete folding). Both interpretations are actually valid. Several investigators have proposed that observer preferences such as these are due to a tendency to prefer a 3-D interpretation that will make the depicted 3-D shape regular. Three experiments were performed to test this regularisation hypothesis. In the first, observers were shown pairs of four-sided polygons joined at one equal side. Their task was to imagine how the smaller polygon could be folded completely towards the larger, and, subsequently, to report on its position after the folding (‘mental folding’). Reported positions were consistent with 3-D interpretations that caused figural regularisations. In the second and third experiments, observers were shown drawings of diamonds and parallelograms folded along a number of differently positioned and oriented segments (‘folding edge’). Their task was to estimate verbally the extent of the dihedral angle formed by the two surfaces. Results indicated that the perception of incomplete folding is determined by 3-D interpretation of the orientation of the drawing with respect to the picture plane. In a fourth experiment, observers were asked whether projective equivalences might be disambiguated by animating two kinds of displays that yield the ‘incomplete folding’ effect but that should be distinguishable on the basis of the trajectories of the vertexes of the folding parts. Results demonstrated that even in these conditions observers are unable to interpret the foldings correctly. These results might be taken to indicate that projective, static information leading to a simpler and more regular interpretation of the display can prevail over explicit motion information that should force the system to achieve a nonregular solution.

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Li, Chun Lin, and Jian Chen. "Impaction of Graphite Type on Performance of Polycrystalline Diamond Powder." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2507.

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Taking different types of graphite as raw materials ， polycrystalline diamond powder is prepared by shock wave synthesis through copper to absorb and transfer the heat in the article. Yield and abrasion resistance performance are tested, and impaction of graphite crystallite structure on the yield and abrasion resistance performance is researched. As the result, diamond yield and abrasion resistance synthesized from scale graphite is not as good as from earthy graphite. It is easy for polycrystalline diamond powder synthesized from artificial graphite which crystallite has parallel coke-base to graphitize and difficult to get diamond. Yield of artificial graphite which crystallite has disorderly carbon black base is higher than that of earthy graphite, there are more pores for the first baked artificial graphite of carbon black base, the abrasion resistance performance of synthesized diamond is worse than earthy graphite, and the abrasion resistance performance of the second baked polycrystalline diamond powder is better than earthy graphite.

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Zeng, Hongjun, Robert Jarvik, Grace Catausan, Nicolaie Moldovan, and John Carlisle. "Diamond coated artificial cardiovascular devices." Surface and Coatings Technology 302 (September 2016): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.06.030.

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Wang, Ji-Tao, Zhong-Qiang Huang, Yong-Zhong Wan, David Wei Zhang, and Hong-Yong Jia. "Thermodynamic coupling effect and catalyst effect for the artificial diamond growth." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 6 (1997): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0209.

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The activated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond process became one of the worldwide interesting projects in the 1980s. The basic question is why diamond can grow under activated low pressure conditions. The driving force of the transformation from graphite to diamond under low pressure is coming from a coupled reaction of the association of superequilibrium atomic hydrogen. The thermodynamic coupling effect in the activated CVD process is different from the catalyst effect in the high pressure, catalyst-assisted process for the artificial diamond growth.

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Scotti, Nicola, Allegra Comba, Alberto Gambino, et al. "Microleakage at enamel and dentin margins with a bulk fills flowable resin." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 01 (2014): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.126230.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of a bulk fill flowable resin composite on both enamel and dentin substrates. Materials and Methods: 48 non-carious molars were selected and four Class-V cavities were prepared at the CEJ of each sample. Cavities were filled with Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer); Venus Diamond Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) and Surefil SDR (Dentsply). Samples were divided into two groups: First group samples were immersed in a methylene blue solution for 30 min at 25°C. Second group samples were artificially aged and then treated with methylene blue. Samples were sectioned in the center of the restoration and observed with a 40x stereomicroscope, and the percentage of cavity infiltration was calculated. Results: Results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA (P < 0.05). The amount of infiltration was significantly lower for the enamel substrate compared with dentin (P = 0.0001) and in samples immediately immersed in methylene blue compared with those that were artificially aged (P = 0.011). The interaction between the composite material and the marginal substrate significantly affected dye penetration (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Bulk fill flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin, both before and after artificial ageing. Nanohybrid resin composites and bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins. Bulk fills flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin, both before and after artificial ageing. Nanohybrid resin composites and bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins.

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Beutter, B. R., J. Lorenceau, and L. S. Stone. "Visual Coherence Affects Smooth Pursuit." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (1996): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0202.

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For four subjects (one naive), we measured pursuit of a line-figure diamond moving along an elliptical path behind an invisible X-shaped aperture under two conditions. The diamond's corners were occluded and only four moving line segments were visible over the background (38 cd m−2). At low segment luminance (44 cd m−2), the percept is largely a coherently moving diamond. At high luminance (108 cd m−2), the percept is largely four independently moving segments. Along with this perceptual effect, there were parallel changes in pursuit. In the low-contrast condition, pursuit was more related to object motion. A \chi2 analysis showed ( p>0.05) that for 98% of trials subjects were more likely tracking the object than the segments, for 29% of trials one could not reject the hypothesis that subjects were tracking the object and not the segments, and for 100% of trials one could reject the hypothesis that subjects were tracking the segments and not the object. Conversely, in the high-contrast condition, pursuit appeared more related to segment motion. For 66% of trials subjects were more likely tracking the segments than the object; for 94% of trials one could reject the hypothesis that subjects were tracking the object and not the segments; and for 13% of trials one could not reject the hypothesis that subjects were tracking the segments and not the object. These results suggest that pursuit is driven by the same object-motion signal as perception, rather than by simple retinal image motion.

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Wang, Lin Jing, and Ying Ying Zhao. "Design and Implementation of Diamond Press'S Pressure Hammer Protection Based on Voiceprint Recognition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.156.

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In the manufacturing process of artificial diamond micro powder, if tungsten steel pressure hammer of diamond press makes a tungsten steel hammer pressure crack due to fatigue of workpiece, it is always leading to significant economic losses. The pressure hammer detection and protection device of the diamond press introduced in this paper takes advantage of the voiceprint recognition technology. Firstly, it extracts the characteristic parameters of pressure hammer breaking voice and establishes a sound pressure hammer breaking template library. And then, the paper compares the work field sound characteristic parameters of diamond press and pressure hammer breaking template library. If they are consistent with each other, the work power of diamond press will be cut down. Thus, it implements protection for the rest good pressure hammers.

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Czelej, Kamil, and Piotr Śpiewak. "Hydrogen passivation of vacancies in diamond: Electronic structure and stability from ab initio calculations." MRS Advances 2, no. 5 (2017): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.100.

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ABSTRACTPoint defects in diamond such as vacancies act as a strong donor compensation center; therefore, remarkably reduce electron conductivity of diamond-based devices. Artificial synthesis methods of n-type diamond utilize the hydrogen-containing precursors enabling its diffusion into diamond crystal and subsequent formation of hydrogen-vacancy complexes. Here we employ spin-polarized, hybrid density functional theory calculations, in order to characterize the electronic properties and stability of hydrogen-passivated vacancies in diamond. We found strong thermodynamic preference for hydrogen passivation of four vacancy-related dangling bonds. An analysis of formation energy vs Fermi level diagrams indicate, that strong donor compensation effect associated with vacancies can be entirely neutralized by hydrogen incorporation. Thus, a careful control of hydrogen partial pressure in the growth process might be crucial to improve the electron conductivity of n-type diamond.

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Wang, Meili, Guanghai Shi, Joe C. C. Yuan, Wen Han, and Qing Bai. "Spectroscopic Characteristics of Treated-Color Natural Diamonds." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8153941.

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With the increasing availability of treated-color diamonds on the market, their characterization is becoming more and more critical to the jewelry testers and customers. In this investigation, ten color diamonds treated by irradiation (4 pieces), HPHT (3 pieces), and multiprocess (3 pieces) were examined by spectroscopic methods. These diamonds are classified to be type Ia according to their FTIR characteristics. Using microscope and DiamondView, the internal features (such as distinctive color zoning and graphitized inclusions) and complex natural growth structures were observed, which show that the samples are more likely artificially colored natural diamonds. Through photoluminescence spectroscopy, a combination of optical centers was detected, including N-V0 at 575 nm, N-V− at 637 nm, H3 at 503 nm, H2 at 986 nm, and GR1 at 741 and 744 nm. Combining with the previous studies, treatment conditions for the studied diamonds were estimated depending on the presence and/or absence of the optical centers. In addition, the coloration mechanism of the samples (blue, green, and red) during the treatment process was also discussed. It is suggested that a number of techniques should be combined in order to make a reliable identification for such diamonds.

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Pillon, M., M. Angelone, D. Lattanzi, et al. "Neutron detection at jet using artificial diamond detectors." Fusion Engineering and Design 82, no. 5-14 (2007): 1174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.05.021.

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Angelone, Maurizio, Giulio Aielli, Salvatore Almaviva, et al. "Neutron Detectors Based Upon Artificial Single Crystal Diamond." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 56, no. 4 (2009): 2275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2009.2025177.

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Кукушкин, В. А. "Моделирование детектора видимого и ближнего инфракрасного электромагнитного излучения на искусственном алмазе". Журнал технической физики 89, № 2 (2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.02.47080.181-18.

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AbstractA method for calculation of the I – V characteristic is proposed for a detector of visible and near-IR electromagnetic radiation based on artificial diamond with allowance for vertical flow of electric current. The method can be used when the free-path length of carriers in diamond is less than the scale of variations in the concentration of carriers. The method is used to determine the following detector characteristics: the dependence of current on voltage, distribution of carrier concentration, and electric potential for a particular variant of a photodetector based on polycrystalline diamond film consisting of nanosized single crystals doped with boron.

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Zhang, Hairong. "Prediction and Feature Importance Analysis for Diamond Price Based on Machine Learning Models." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 46, no. 1 (2023): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/46/20230347.

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The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has facilitated the prediction of diamond prices through data analysis techniques. By incorporating relevant data, various models were constructed to examine the interrelationships between different factors and subsequently forecast diamond prices, which were then subjected to rigorous verification. The findings revealed that the XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting a high coefficient of determination (R square) and a low Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Furthermore, employing the feature importance method elucidated the significance of specific factors in determining diamond prices. Notably, carat weight emerged as the most influential factor, followed by width, clarity, and color. Conversely, other factors exhibited a lesser impact on price determination. These findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders in the diamond industry, enabling them to prioritize the most influential factors when assessing and forecasting diamond prices. Future research endeavors could explore additional data sources and advanced AI techniques to further enhance the accuracy and comprehensiveness of diamond price predictions.

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Auciello, Orlando. "Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD™) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices/prostheses." Open Access Government 41, no. 1 (2024): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-041-10714.

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Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD™) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices/prostheses In this materials science piece, Orlando Auciello, describes the development of a unique multifunctional/best biocompatible ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCDTM) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices and prostheses. Materials’ surfaces of vital medical devices, such as silicon (Si) microchip (artificial retina) implanted on human retina, restoring partial vision to people blinded by genetically induced photoreceptors degeneration, and metallic dental implants, are attacked chemically by eyes’ fluids or oral fluids respectively. Metallic stents/artificial heart valves, inside human blood vessels, activate blood enzymes, inducing coagulation, and fibrinolytic, leading to thrombus formation (i.e., blood clot in blood vessels, obstructing blood flow or loosed clot getting stuck in arteries/veins’ walls, causing life-threatening stroke/heart attack.

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