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1
DeVolld, Renae L., and Myra Alicia Louise Rickman. "Attachment, Fostering Parenting and Placement Stability." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/41.
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A significant number of children remain in foster care for long periods of time. Among this vulnerable population there is a high rate of placement disruption. Multiple placement changes are more likely to have a negative effect on children in out‑of‑home care than those who remain in the same foster home until they can return to their parents, be adopted or leave foster care between 18 and 21 years of age. This study examined the effect of the foster parent’s attachment style on the parenting values for touch, praise, encouragement, hope and commitment regarding foster children. Adults with a secure attachment style have been shown to be more effective in interpersonal relationships and are more likely to weather the storm through a child whose behavior is affected by trauma. The study found that caregivers with a secure attachment style would use touch, praise, encouragement, have hope for the child’s future and be committed to the long term placement of the child or youth more often.
The study measured attachment styles of foster parents using the State Adult Attachment Measure (Gillath, Hart, Noftle & Stockdale, 2009); and an instrument developed by the researchers to measure parenting values. Foster parents also were invited to provide their contact information for participation in an interview. The qualitative interviews added depth to the study by helping shed light on how foster parents use touch, praise, encouragement, hope and commitment with foster children.
2
Joo, Eunjee. "Attachment styles of female parenting and nonparenting adolescents." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1118074434.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 154 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-114). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Millings, Abigail Kyla. "A dyadic investigation of attachment, caregiving and parenting." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446145.
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Attachment theory holds that there exists a caregiving behavioural system underpinning the manner in which we provide care and support to close significant others. Evidence for this is found in caregiving for partner in romantic relationships (Feeney & Collins, 2004) and in caregiving for infants (George and Solomon, 1999). Researchers have also found that attachment styles are predictive of parenting (Rholes, Simpson, & Blakely, 1995). However, no attempts have been made to see how caregiving styles across different relational contexts are related, or indeed whether caregiving mediates the link between attachment and parenting. This study examined attachment and caregiving as predictors of parenting styles, both independently and in mediational models, with data from 125 couples with children aged 7-8. Participants were accessed via their children's schools and completed questionnaires. Data were analysed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (dyadic analysis). Findings indicated that both actor and partner attachment predicted caregiving, with lower levels of both avoidance and anxiety being associated with more positive caregiving patterns. Parenting styles were predicted by attachment styles both directly and indirectly, with caregiving variables partially mediating the link between attachment and parenting. Mothers and fathers' authoritative (optimal) parenting was negatively predicted by both avoidance and anxiety directly, but also indirectly via caregiving sensitivity (all parents), cooperation (fathers), and proximity (mothers). Models for authoritarian and permissive (less optimal) parenting styles are also reported. Findings are discussed with reference to the caregiving behavioural system, attachment theory, and gender differences in caregiving.
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Glossop, Andrew. "Mindfulness, attachment & adoptive parenting: is there a connection?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606406.
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Over the last twenty years, mindfulness and sel f-compassion have been found to cultivate wellbeing. The potential benefits of mindful ne ss and self-compassion have been explored in relation to interpersonal relationships. Despite the growing body of research to support the application of mindfulness and self-compassion in the development of interpersonal relationships, these two constructs have only recently been researched in relation to attachment theory. One population who experience high rates of attachment-related difficulties are adoptive families which can increase adoptive parents' levels of stress. Over the last few years, mindfulness and self-compassion have been theoretical and empirically associated with the parenting role, although no research has explored these in relation to adoptive parenting and adoptive parenting stress. The review paper systematically evaluates the research conducted on mindfulness and attachment. The review identifies a consistently reported finding of a significant relationship between mindfulness and adult attachment security. The review also identifies the limited number of studies which have investigated mindfulness-based interventions and attachments. The methodological limitations of the studies are highlighted. The paper concludes that these studies provide clear evidence for exploring the relationship between mindfulness and attachment further and provides recommendations for research to extend this empirical base. The empirical paper investigates the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and adoptive parenting stress. Adoptive parents completed a web-based survey which measured levels of mindfulness, self-compassion and parenting stress alongside factors associated with adoptive parenting stress, including attachment-related difficulties. The results identified a significant relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and adoptive parenting stress. A complex model of adoptive parenting stress is reported which highlights the significant role of attachment-related difficulties, mindfulness and parental mental health. The paper recommends the development of multifaceted approaches to support adoptive parents and that mindfulness is an avenue which requires further research in relation to adoptive parenting stress.
5
Ante-Contreras, Denise. "Distracted Parenting: How Social Media Affects Parent-Child Attachment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/292.
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Social media usage for parents has become ubiquitous, as either a form of entertainment or communication with other individuals. However, excessive use of social media has also shown to have effects on parenting; causing parental distraction, decreasing the level of everyday parental engagement, and making a child more likely to be at risk for injury. Studies have shown that frequent eye contact, one on one time, and undivided attention are necessary in building a secure attachment between a parent and child. The research study in question hoped to understand whether there was a correlation between the amount of hours a parent uses social media and any number of parental qualities. Surveys were distributed to parents in various parenting groups and online chatting boards regarding social media usage, number of hours on their devices, and parenting styles. Other questions asked whether their child has ever been injured as a result of their social media usage, and whether a parent shows a strong general bond to their child.
Results from the survey concluded there to be only one statistically significant relationship between any of the social media usage variables and the parenting variables, that is, a positive relationship between hours of social media usage and a high score on authoritarian parenting techniques. Overall however, parents identified more often with a balanced parenting style. Implications of other demographic characteristics are further explored.
6
Ward, Nic. "The pressure of parenting : does it predict attachment? : a study of the contribution of maternal parenting stress and family functioning to infant attachment." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273316.
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Myron-Wilson, Rowan Rachel. "The family and bullying : transgenerational patterns of attachment and parenting." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423459.
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Ratner, Kaylin. "The role of parenting and attachment in identity style development." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/902.
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Due to the significant relationships between parenting style, attachment, and identity formation found in previous literature, this study investigated the possibility of attachment playing a mediational role in the relationship between parenting and identity style. A total of 264 students from two high schools participated in this study. Although not mediational, significant relationships between maternal responsiveness, attachment, and the normative identity style were found. An outstanding and unexpected finding of this study was that the attachment and responsiveness measurements, although thought to be assessing different variables, are now suspected to be looking at constructs that are almost one-in-the-same. Extending to practical applications, the results of this study could be used to aid programs focused on fostering positive youth development by emphasizing parental interaction, warmth, and support.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Shaeffer, Ruth J. "Pregnant/parenting adolescents: Their attachment organization and selected psychosocial factors." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2594.
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This study examined pregnant/parenting adolescents and non-pregnant/non-parenting adolescents in relationship to preoccupied attachment, as measured by the Adult Attachment Projective, and compared the responses of the groups on self-reported behavior, as measured by the Behavior Assessment System for Children. The groups were compared in terms of self-reported social support, as measured by the Social Provisions Scale, and negative life events, as measured by the Life Events Checklist. The two status groups were also compared to determine whether the relationship between interpersonal relations and social provisions was moderated by pregnant/parenting status. Contrary to expectations, the proportion of preoccupied adolescents in the pregnant/parenting group was not significantly higher than the proportion of preoccupied adolescents in the non-pregnant/non-parenting group. The pregnant/parenting groups were found to be significantly higher in average level of self-reported self esteem and significantly lower in average level of self-reported social stress than the non-pregnant/non-k parenting groups, not in the direction predicted. The pregnant/parenting group was significantly higher in average level of social provisions. No significant differences were found between the two status groups average number of reported negative life events, average level of sense of inadequacy, or average level of interpersonal relations. A correlation was found between interpersonal relations and social provisions separately for each status group. Moreover, the relationship was not moderated by pregnant/parenting status (i.e. the correlations were not significantly different). Additional analyses were performed in an effort to control for the two main reasons these adolescents reported for enrolling (needing more credits or expulsion from their former school) in the alternative high schools where the data were collected because a marginally significant associated was found between reason and the pregnant/parenting status. Results determined that the average level of social stress remained significantly different between the two pregnant/parenting status groups. The average level of self-esteem and the average social provisions were no longer were significantly different. Average level of sense of inadequacy and average number of negative events remained non significant between the two pregnant/parenting status groups. Possible explanations for these findings, implications for theory, interventions, and future directions for research are discussed.
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Aleem, Sadia. "Bereavement in childhood and the role of attachment." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622704.
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The purpose of this research was to utilise attachment theory in understanding the experience of bereavement in childhood. Research objectives were addressed by using a mixed method design. Study One explored how experience of bereavement in childhood relates to current attachment style in adulthood. This was a qualitative interview-based study utilising thematic analysis and a quantitative assessment of attachment styles. Twenty-four participants were employed. The established Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire was used. The results through the thematic analysis indicated that people with different attachment styles provide different narratives about their childhood bereavement. This study provides evidence that this was so. Study Two was a co-relational study employing 121 participants who experienced loss of caregiver in childhood. Four established questionnaires were used: Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG; Prigerson et al., 1995), Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI; Silove, Manicavasagar, O’Connell, Blaszczynski, Wagner, & Henry, 1993) and Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979). The results showed that complicated grief was related to parental care and overprotection, separation anxiety, and adult attachment style. Anxious attachment style fully mediated the effects of parental bonding on complicated grief. Study Three was a quantitative co-relational study to compare two groups of parents (with and without a bereaved child) on child behavioural differences and links between child behavioural problems and parental characteristics. Two hundred and forty participants were employed: 139 parents of children with bereavement experience and 101 without bereavement experience. Five established questionnaires were used: Child Stress Questionnaire (CSQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), The Parenting Scale (PS), Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R). The results showed that child problems were closely associated to parental qualities. It is proposed that this research can make a contribution towards utilising attachment theory in understanding the experience of bereavement in children.
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Brewer, A. Lauren. "Perfectionism and parenting : the relationships of perceived parenting style of parent, attachment, parent status, and gender to parental perfectionism /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025605.
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Daubenmire, Elizabeth. "Sacrificing the Shepherd: An analysis of popular constructions of motherhood withinparenting and pregnancy manuals." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1457619718.
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Webster, Lucy Ann. "Early parenting and attachment experiences : the association with adult affective symptoms." Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3337.
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This portfolio has three parts:-Part one is a systematic literature review, in which the empirical literature relating to factors mediating the relationship between experiences of parenting and offspring adult depression is reviewed. A prior review demonstrated consistent results showing a predicting relationship between recalled adverse parenting experiences and adult depressive symptomology (Rappe, 1997). As the previous review did not consider factors that may be mediating this relationship,studies examining various potential mediating factors were reviewed in the present article. This systematic literature review identifies mediating variables within themes of cognition, standard setting and evaluation, personality, dissociation and current relationships. The nature of the relationship between experiences of early parenting and offspring adult depressive vulnerability is discussed with reference to the background research area. Clinical and research implications are also addressed.Part two is an empirical paper, which examines the relationships between attachment style and forms and functions of self-criticism and social risk taking. The literature base suggests there may be interactions between these concepts, as well as in their potential association with symptoms of depression and anxiety, therefore the present study also examines the relative contribution of the aforementioned factors to depression and anxiety symptoms in a normal population sample. Finally, the relationship between childhood experiences of care and abuse and adult attachment style is also examined. Results indicate some supporting evidence for the links between attachment style and forms/functions of self-criticism, as well as the predicting relationship between adverse childhood experiences and insecure attachment style. Further results suggest that variables are generally more associated with anxiety,early parenting and attachment experiences symptoms rather than depressive symptoms. Limitations of the present study are discussed, with recommendations for future research within the field.Part three comprises the appendixes, which include a personal reflective statement regarding the research process.
14
Ahmad, Nadim. "Parenting, attachment security and adjustment outcomes : the role of nonshared environment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1471968/.
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A great deal of research has focussed on uncovering the antecedents of human behaviour. Studies have implicated parenting as having a fundamental impact on the developmental trajectories of children from the moment they are born, through infancy, adolescence, and their journey to adulthood. This thesis will explore the relationship between parenting and outcomes for children through to adolescence. Part one is a review of the literature examining the evidence for the association between differential parenting and differential adjustment outcomes in externalizing behaviour, internalizing behaviour, temperament, social, and cognitive domains. The review addresses the key question, ‘is differential parenting associated with differential outcomes for children growing up in the same family?’. Part two of the thesis presents the empirical paper for a cross-sectional study observing the association between relative differences in parenting and relative differences in attachment security in a sample of monozygotic twins. The study used a monozygotic twin difference design to also examine differences in parenting and differences in adjustment outcomes in the sample, as well as differences in attachment security and adjustment outcomes. Part three is a critical appraisal of the research, reflecting on the process of the preparation, formation and conducting of the study. The impact of the design and methods on the findings are considered, as well as the researchers’ subjectivity.
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Wagers, Keshia B. "Empathy Development inToddlers and the Influence of Parenting, Attachment, and Temperament." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1467497146.
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McIlhone, Caoime. "An exploration into autistic spectrum disorder, personality, parenting and adult attachment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/75721/.
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This thesis consists of three chapters, a literature review, an empirical paper and a reflective paper. The literature review explores the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Personality Disorders (PDs). The focus is on examining empirical evidence regarding the shared features as well as the differences between the two types of disorder. The reviewed articles were all cross-sectional studies, with a range of population and comparison sample groups. The review identifies evidence suggesting that ASD and PD presentations share common features as well as displaying some distinct differences. Findings also point to considerable diagnostic co-occurrence of the two types of disorder. Methodological limitations are of the reviewed studies are discussed, clinical implications of the findings are considered and suggestions are made regarding future research directions. The empirical paper investigates the relationship between perceived parenting styles, personality traits and adult attachment style. Data was collected from a non-clinical opportunity sample using a number of self-report measures. Using moderation analysis, explanatory models were created to represent the relationship between perceived parenting, adult attachment style and personality traits. Neuroticism, conscientiousness and agreeableness were the most prominent personality traits, while the relative contribution of these personality traits varied according to gender and adult attachment style. Adult attachment style was also found to be influenced by the perceived type of parenting received from opposite sex parents. The results are discussed in relation to the existing evidence base, as are clinical implications and future research directions. Finally, the reflective paper comprises an overview of personal and professional development whilst undertaking my thesis. This involves a reflective discussion of my attachment style in relation to the research process and how this changed and developed over the course of writing my thesis.
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Bashford, Vivia. "Mothers sexually abused as children : perceptions of parenting." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243136.
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Cai, Mengfei. "Parent Adolescent Attachment as a Mediator of Relations Between Parenting and Adolescent Social Behavior and Well Being in China." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2565.
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Attachment is an important aspect of parent-adolescent relationships, and thus it may play a key role in predicting adolescents' behavioral outcomes and well-being. This study examined how parenting dimensions (authoritative, psychological control, and over-protecting) relate to youth outcomes (self-esteem, autonomy, and friend attachment) by way of parent-adolescent attachment, among Chinese families. The sample included 298 Chinese adolescents ages 15-18 years (M age = 16.36, SD =.678 ; 60% female). A series of structural equation models was estimated to examine the hypothesis that authoritative parenting, psychological control, and over-protecting would predict adolescent outcomes as mediated by attachment. The best fitting model included only indirect paths from the three parenting variables to the three outcome variables, by way of attachment. In this final model, authoritative parenting was positively predictive of attachment, while psychological control was a negative predictor. In turn, parent adolescent attachment was positively related to the three outcomes: autonomy, self-esteem, and friend attachment. Lastly, parenting related to the outcomes similarly for boys and girls. These findings suggest that what parents do might relate to the well-being of their adolescents by way of the quality of their relationships with their adolescents.
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Mbhalati, Naureen Patience. "Attachment and idealization of pregnancy and parenting, attitudes towards pregnancy and parenting readiness among school-going female teenagers." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/837.
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Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012Recent research has established that teenagers have the means to prevent pregnancy but many do not necessarily use them, because they are open to the idea of becoming pregnant, or have a desire to parent their own child. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between attachment and teenagers’ desire of becoming pregnant and parenting a child. The sample of the study, selected through convenience sampling, comprised 455, 14 and 15 year old registered female learners from selected urban and rural high schools in Mopani District, Limpopo Province. Findings from structural equation modeling indicate that both mother and father attachment do not influence teenagers’ idealization about pregnancy and parenting. Mother trust had a statistically significant relationship with attitudes towards pregnancy. Trust for both mother and father also had a significant relationship with parental readiness. Alienation to mother had a significant association with teenagers preparedness to become parents. Socio-economic status was found to be associated with teenagers’ idealization of pregnancy and their report of being physically and emotionally ready to become parents. This study has found a relationship between the Trust and Alienation dimensions of attachment with attitudes towards pregnancy and parental readiness. Key words: Attachment; socio-economic status; pregnancy; idealization; parental readiness
Medical Research Council (MRC)
20
Stewart, Yates Kristin Erin. "Mindful caregivers' experiences of parenting young children." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1409079337.
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Steed, April. "The Creation and Formative Evaluation of an Attachment-Based Parenting Education Website." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd918.pdf.
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Harkins, Courtney Amanda Ball. "The Relationship Between Adoptive Parents Attachment and Parenting Styles on Adoption Outcomes." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3637413.
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Raising an adopted child from the child welfare system poses unique challenges because these children bring with them an increased risk for developmental and mental health problems (Simmel, 2007; Whitten & Weaver, 2010). Adoptions from Child Welfare have almost doubled in the last decade, comprising up to 41% of all adoptions (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2012). Of these adoptions, anywhere from 10% to 25% end up disrupting (Briggs & Webb, 2004; Festinger, 2002; Rosenthal & Groze, 1994; Smith & Howard, 2000). Thus, it is important to identify and understand which factors can likely increase adoption success or which ones are more likely to create barriers. Currently, there are some studies that have identified specific adoptive child traits that increase disruption (Barth, 1997; Barth & Berry, 1988; Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 2010; Rosenthal & Grove, 1990) along with some family factors (Barth, 2000; Coakley & Berrick, 2008; Festinger, 2002). However, two important family systems aspects, involving qualities that the adoptive parent themselves bring to the process, have thus far been overlooked in the research: attachment styles and parenting styles. In order to shed more light on this neglected aspect of the adoptive process, this study investigated whether or not there was a relationship between an adoptive caregiver's own attachment style or parenting style and adoption outcomes. The logistic regression method was used in the analysis of a convenience sample of 113 adoptive parents and it was found that two parental factors were the most influential in predicting adoption outcomes: anxious attachment style and authoritative parenting style. Additionally, incidence of trauma in the parent's history was identified as a factor that negatively impacted the chance of adoption success. The implications or clinical practice and research are discussed.
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Esposito, Casie. "The Effect of Infant Directed Lullaby on Maternal Attachment and Parenting Stress." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3544.
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In this modified single-subject design study, the researcher sought to find whether eight parents who were taught to use lullaby evidenced a change in attachment and parenting stress regarding their infant’s hospitalization and into transition to home. Using repeated measures over a period of approximately two months, each parent was asked to use infant directed lullaby with their infants and keep track of its use with a calendar. The Maternal Attachment Inventory and the Parenting Stress Index provided measurement of self-reported attachment and stress. An adapted intervention rating profile was used to determine the parent’s perceived acceptance of infant directed lullaby.
Understanding possible connections between attachment and parenting stress with music, and as a music therapy intervention, is important for both researchers and clinicians in the field of music therapy. Teaching parents to use a simple and cost effective tool may provide families with more access to interventions similar to infant directed lullaby as well as provide support for families and their infants. Despite this study’s inconclusive findings, a new door for research in this settings has been opened regarding parent training and its effectiveness, which is important in that a therapist is not always able to be present to provide treatment particularly in the NICU setting and after they have been discharged home.
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Faircloth, Charlotte Rosemary. "Mothering as identity work : 'long-term' breastfeeding, attachment parenting and intensive motherhood." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611844.
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Carreon-Bailey, Rebecca Socorro. "Influences of maternal parenting behaviors: Maternal mental health, attachment history and eduction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2989.
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Studies have found that the type of parenting a child receives affects his or her subsequent development. This study investigates the relative influence of maternal parenting behavior and the impact of multiple variables influencing the quality of mothers' parenting behaviors. This knowledge will help to understand how early attachment experiences impact future parenting behavior.
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Whitlock, Jennie Christine. "Toddler Attachment Security and Parenting Stress in Families with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28157795.
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The current study investigates the relationships between mother-toddler attachment security, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), sociodemographic risk, and parenting stress utilizing the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCW) longitudinal data set, a nationally representative sample of 4,898 unmarried births. The FFCW oversampled non-marital births from urban, low-income, minority individuals, and the current study utilizes self-report data from mothers during Waves 1, 3, and 6. Sociodemographic risk (Gedaly & Leerkes, 2016) is defined as the potential for increased negative impacts of maternal age at birth, maternal education level, maternal household income, and maternal race on child development due to genetic and/or societal impacts. Data on these variables are collected at Wave 1 per mother report. Mother-toddler attachment security was assessed at Wave 3 using the Toddler Attachment Sort-39 (TAS-39; Bimler & Kirkland, 2002) and parenting stress was evaluated during the same wave. Autism diagnosis in children was evaluated at Wave 6 per parent report. Children in the sample were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD if their mother earned greater than a high school education and identified as White. Results indicated that maternal race influenced both mother-toddler attachment security and the diagnosis of ASD in the sample. White mothers reported higher mother-toddler attachment security when compared to both Black and Hispanic mothers, and children of Black mothers were less likely to have a diagnosis of ASD when compared to children of White mothers. Additionally, toddlers with ASD were less secure at age 3 years when compared to their neurotypical peers. ASD, Black maternal race, and Hispanic maternal race predicted a decrease in mother-toddler attachment security, and both higher maternal education and maternal household income predicted an increase in mother-toddler attachment security. Although mothers of children with ASD reported higher levels of stress when compared to mothers of neurotypical children, parenting stress was not found to moderate the relationship between ASD and mother-toddler attachment security. Parenting stress did, however, negatively impact attachment security. The results of this study provide insight into the unique challenges faced by families with ASD during critical periods of child development and how race may correlate with both the diagnosis of ASD and mother-toddler attachment security. Multicultural considerations at diagnosis and neurodiversity as well as recommendations for family-centered interventions are discussed.
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Costa, Natalie. "Maternal and Child Anxiety: Do Attachment Beliefs and Parenting Behaviors Mediate the Association?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/163.
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This paper examines the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety in a community sample of mothers and their children aged 6-17 (N = 89). Maternal anxiety was assessed through the SCL-90 & STAI-T. Child anxiety was assessed through the RCMAS-C, STAIC-T, RCMAS-P, & CBCL. Attachment beliefs were assessed through the Experiences in Close Relationships (maternal) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (child). Parenting behaviors were assessed through the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory. Significant associations were found between maternal and child anxiety, attachment beliefs, and parenting. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Anxious Attachment Beliefs and Parental Involvement appeared to mediate the association between maternal and child anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of elucidating the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety.
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Ulasan, Ozgule Emine Tuna. "Mediating Role Of Self-regulation Between Parenting, Attachment, And Adjustment In Middle Adolescence." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613487/index.pdf.
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Adolescence is characterized as the transition period from childhood to adulthood and healthy adjustment invokes internal and external resources. The individual resources consist of the regulatory abilities, which are influenced by emotional family context. Emotional family context includes factors such as parenting, attachment quality to parents, and the level of marital conflict between parents. However, these three research areas have relatively remained separate from each other and the period of adolescence is mostly neglected in longitudinal research. In order to partially fill in this gap, both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between proximal family contextual factors, regulatory abilities and psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents were examined by collecting data from first and second grade students of two high schools (N = 426), their teachers (N = 353), and parents (N = 187 for mothers, N = 175 for fathers). In line with the propositions of the Attachment (Bowlby, 19691973) and Self-Determination Theories (SDT
Deci &
Ryan, 1985), and the frameworks within marital conflict literature (Davies &
Cummings, 1994
Grych &
Fincham, 1990), it was anticipated that parental warmth, behavioral control, and secure attachment to both parents would influence regulatory capacities of the adolescents positively, and healthy regulation processes would be related to successful psychosocial adjustment of the adolescents. On the other hand, parental rejection, comparing adolescents with others, psychological control, and marital conflict would predict low levels of regulatory abilities, and in turn, they would be associated with poor psychosocial adjustment. Similarly, the longitudinal effects of marital conflict on parenting and the effects of attachment quality to parents on regulatory development of the adolescents were also examined. Participants completed multiple measures of the major variables in the study. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were used to test the proposed mediated models. The findings of the study mostly supported the direct effects of emotional family context on regulatory abilities of the adolescents, their problem behaviors, and the quality of the relationships with their peers. The results were generally consistent with the previous research in the Western cultures. Positive emotional family context variables were related with the healthy development, whereas negative ones were related with poor developmental outcomes. The results of covariance analyses also showed that attachment strength to parents and the quality of peer relationships were related with healthy regulatory processes of the adolescents. The longitudinal SEM analyses showed that externalization problems of the adolescents, which were associated with the marital conflict between parents, predicted higher levels of negative parenting in the long run. Additionally, secure attachment to parents predicted high levels of positive and low levels of negative parenting, all of which were associated with adolescents&rsquo
high levels of positive regulatory capacities. This study contributed to the understanding of the effects of emotional family context on adolescent optimal development through time and showed that for a healthy adjustment, high-quality close relationships both with the family and the peers were required.
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Dwyer, Kathleen Mary. "Maternal and paternal parenting and girls' and boys' attachment security in middle childhood." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3070.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bortz, Patrick Robert. "Interrelations of Family Differentiation, Attachment, and Parenting with Identity Development in Emerging Adults." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1592601478258601.
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Groves, Melissa Marion. "An investigation of adult attachment and parental style." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82644.
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This study was a partial test of the theoretical model of the ability to parent proposed by Ricks (1985). The purpose of the study was to examine the variables of marital quality, model of self, the recalled quality of attachment to ones' parents and sex of subject as related to current parenting attitudes.
The Mother-Father-Peer Scale (MFP) was used to measure recalled attachment to parent (Epstein, 1983). Parenting attitudes were measured on two scales designed by Itkin (1952), an Acceptance-Rejection scale and a Strict-Permissive scale. One question from Spanier's (1976) Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used to assess marital harmony. Model of self was measured using the Self-Rating scale from the Family Assessment Measure (Skinner, Steinhauer, & Santa-Barbara, 1984).
There were 126 subjects in the study, 60 males and 66 females. Pearson ṟ correlations were calculated between all the variables. A parenting attitude favoring acceptant, positive treatment of children was related to a more permissive attitude toward control of children. Memories of maternal independence-encouraging behavior were related to a parenting attitude favoring strict control of children. Multiple regression analysis suggested that self-rating of family functioning and sex were the best predictors of a parental attitude of acceptance versus rejection. However, these variables explained only 26% of the variance in acceptance-rejection scores.
The results of the analyses offered only limited support for the model under study. Based on a median split of the theoretical ranges on the parenting scales, subjects were classified using Maccoby and Martin's (1983) model of parenting styles. All the parents in this study were classified as having parenting attitudes falling into the authoritarian-reciprocal quadrant of this model. Such parents would be considered as being accepting yet controlling in their behavior toward their children. This finding was interpreted as indicating that all the subjects in this study had the ability to parent. This lack of dispersion on the parenting classification could have contributed to the lack of statistical significance to completely support the portion of the model being tested.Ph. D.
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Wassall, Sarah. "Evaluation of an attachment theory based parenting programme for adoptive parents and foster carers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3178/.
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The review examined the efficacy of parenting group programmes for foster and adoptive parents at improving the attachment relationships of fostered / adopted children. The reviewed evaluations of the programmes’ efficacy were mostly of a low methodological quality. The quality of the evidence base is currently considered too limited to make conclusions regarding the programmes’ efficacy. An evaluation of the efficacy of the ‘Fostering Attachments’ programme for foster and adoptive parents is reported. Twenty-five carers / parents were allocated to one of two groups which attended the programme, one of which remained on a waiting-list for six months before the programme. Participants were assessed pre-, post-, and eight months following invention and over the waiting-list period. Outcome variables included: children’s emotional and behavioural difficulties and relational security; placement stability; carers’ stress levels, mind-mindedness, sense of self-efficacy, competence and confidence in their parenting. Carers’ sense of competence and confidence improved immediately and eight months following intervention. Sense of self-efficacy improved eight months following, but not immediately post-intervention. In conclusion, the intervention appears affective at improving carers’ sense of competence and confidence, but not at improving the other outcome variables considered. Confidence in this conclusion is moderated by the methodological limitations.
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Williams, Olivia. "Healthy start, happy start : fathers' experiences and engagement in an attachment-based parenting intervention." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10022805/.
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Emotional and behavioural problems frequently begin in early childhood. With fathers becoming increasingly involved in young children’s care there is a need to understand the impact paternal parenting has on children’s early development and to involve fathers in parenting interventions that so frequently leave fathers out. Part one of this thesis is a meta-analytic review examining whether paternal parenting is reliably associated with internalizing problems in young children. Part two of this thesis is a qualitative investigation into fathers’ experiences of and engagement in an attachment-based parenting programme (Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline; VIPP-SD). Part two also sought to elucidate mothers’ perspectives of fathers’ involvement in VIPP-SD. Part two of this thesis formed a qualitative sub-study of a larger multi-site randomized controlled trial ‘Healthy Start, Happy Start’ (HS, HS). Part three is a critical appraisal of the research process which primarily considers the impact my dual role as clinician and researcher in HS, HS had on the research process.
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Cook, Gina A. "Temperament, Attachment, and Parenting Stress in Infancy; Relations to Social Competence of Second Graders." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2458.
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The importance of social competence in children's development has been recognized, and evidence has been found that children who are socially incompetent are at risk for academic problems. Yet the influences that may be involved from infancy, such as temperament and attachment, have not been explored longitudinally. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of infant temperament characteristics on later social development and to explore the idea that this influence may be affected by the infant's attachment security mediated by parenting stress.
Eighteen-month-old infants, from a previous study, were studied as second graders to examine whether their development was influenced by early attachment and temperament . This study examined the involvement of infant temperament and attachment in relation to maternal goodness-of-fit and parenting stress to predict social problems in the school years to gain valuable insight into the potential of the infant to influence his/her own development.
Results indicate that characteristics of the infant and the mother-infant relationship have only indirect relations with how children function later in childhood. However, the child's temperament as a second grader, although not stable from infancy, is related to how well a child adapts in a school environment
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Carter, Kirsty. "The relationship between childhood attachment, parenting styles and social development in autism spectrum disorder." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31160.
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Although social deficits are a defining feature in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), not enough is known about the origin and impact of these impairments. Current research agrees that deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM) contribute to the social disconnectedness evident in children with ASD. Furthermore, studies in neurotypical populations have found significant links between attachment security and ToM acquisition, and some have posited parenting behaviours as predictors of social development. Less is known about these construct in children with ASD. This study aimed to form a foundational view of the relationships between parenting style, attachment, and Theory of Mind development in a sample of ASD children compared to a sample of neurotypical children. 80 parent-child pairs were included in the study. The sample was comprised of 40 verbal children with an ASD diagnosis and 40 neurotypical children. Children between the ages of 6 and 16 years were included in the study. Parenting style and attachment were measured using scaled response parent-report questionnaires while ToM was assessed using the University of Cape Town Theory of Mind Battery. ASD diagnoses were confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS2). Results showed that while both the ASD group and the neurotypical group reported significantly more Authoritative parenting than the other two styles (Authoritarian and Permissive), there was also more of the less positive parenting styles reported in the ASD group. Furthermore, none of the three parenting styles in question were significant predictors of Theory of Mind. The results further indicated that the ASD group reported less secure attachment, and also more insecure attachment (Ambivalent and Avoidant) than the neurotypical group. Attachment classification, specifically insecure attachment, showed to be a significant predictor of Theory of Mind. Associations between parenting style and attachment showed different patterns in the ASD sample compared to the neurotypical sample. Results, limitations, and futher directions were also discussed.
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Tuckey, Michelle. "The influence of adult attachment strategies on parenting and behaviour difficulties in middle childhood." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31343.
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The aim of this research was to identify possible risk factors for internalising and externalising behaviour problems in middle childhood using an attachment theory framework. The mother-child relationship was explored from the mother's perspective and considered the possible influence of parenting attitudes and behaviours and mother's experience of romantic attachment relationships on her child's adjustment. The findings indicated that mothers in the clinical group differed significantly from mothers in the control group in reports of their adult attachment strategies, parenting behaviours and attitudes and their child's behaviour. In the clinical group mothers' high avoidance in romantic relationships was predictive of high reports of their child's externalising behaviours. Parenting behaviours and attitudes did not appear to influence this relationship. In the control group a different pattern of relationships were identified as significant. Mothers' parenting behaviours and attitudes were shown to be predictive of their child's behaviour. In addition low levels of mothers' attachment anxiety were predictive of low reports of behaviour problems in the control group. It was concluded that the current study found some evidence that adult romantic attachment was able to predict parenting attitudes, behaviours and childhood adjustment with reference to internalising and externalising behaviours in middle childhood. The study supports the possibility that conceptually analogous relationships exist between parent-child and romantic relationships. Different significant relationships existed in the clinical and control group. Further examination of these differences when researching potential risk/protective factors for maladjustment in childhood is essential.
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Huddleston, Pamela S. "Structural and functional family characteristics : a comparison of pregnant or parenting adolescents and their non-pregnat and non-parenting peers /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060108.
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Klingensmith, Amanda Koehn. "Validating the supervision partnership as a phase of attachment." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1511731132989254.
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Griffiths, Cara Luise. "Online victimisation in adolescence : the role of parenting and early childhood experiences." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25734.
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Background: Online victimisation during adolescence is associated with adverse outcomes across multiple domains. However, previous research has demonstrated that some adolescents are at greater risk of experiencing online victimisation than others. Literature on traditional peer victimisation has highlighted the importance of children’s early experiences and the family context but it is unclear how these factors relate to online victimisation. The first study reviews the evidence for associations between the phenomenon of cyber-victimisation (CV) and parenting behaviours, whereas the second study investigates online victimisation which includes experiences of online harassment and unwanted contact of a sexual or offensive nature. Aim: A systematic review was conducted to determine whether positive parenting behaviours protect against CV during adolescence. An empirical study investigated whether experiences of childhood maltreatment were associated with online victimisation and whether this relationship was mediated by attachment insecurity and risky electronic communication in an adolescent sample. Method: A systematic review of the literature identified seventeen studies which met inclusion criteria. Parenting behaviours were categorised into offline and online parenting behaviours and the findings from each study were reported. Studies were also assessed against 15 quality criteria. In the second study, 123 students aged 12- 16 were recruited. Five self-report questionnaires were administered measuring experiences of childhood maltreatment, attachment, risky electronic communication, electronic media use and online victimisation. Results: Offline parenting behaviours, particularly general monitoring, may reduce the likelihood of adolescents experiencing CV. There was greater variation in the findings relating to online parental mediation strategies, but in general these strategies did not consistently predict a significant increase nor a reduction in CV. The empirical study found that whilst attachment anxiety partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and online victimisation, attachment avoidance and risky electronic communication did not. However, childhood maltreatment and risky electronic communication were significant predictors of online victimisation. Conclusion: Parenting behaviours and early childhood experiences may play an important role in the victimisation of adolescents online. Interventions which promote positive parenting and attachment security may help to protect young people against online victimisation. However, more empirically rigorous and longitudinal studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the risk factors and the protective factors involved.
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Karavasilis, Leigh. "Associations between parenting style and quality of attachment to mother in middle childhood and adolescence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ43620.pdf.
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Preussler, Rebecca S. Crisafulli. "Attachment style of pregnant and parenting adolescents and its impact on utilization of community services." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Ok, Jeng Hyun. "Parenting Stress and Child Attachment: Child Age of 10 and 36 Months/Father and Mother." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2590.
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Parents are the most affective human environmental resources to children. Although the influences from parents continue even after parents passed away, very young children (up to age 3) get the biggest impact from their parents. According to children's independency to parents, parents ' psychological well-being determines children's emotional-social development. However, in parenting stress, chi ldren also have their own influence to parents in the family context. Regarding parenting stress, many studies have been dedicated to defining the occurrence, co-occurrence, and predictors of parenting stress of parents in various conditions.
This longitudinal research conducted from surveys with 20 I Early Head Start families reexamines the stressors and tests measures to find the most effective identifying variables. Also, the aim of this study is whether fathers' and mothers' parenting stress is different or similar with a child at the ages of I 0 months and 36 months.
From the results of this study, stressors, parenting stress, and child attachment were related and influenced each other. Because the amount of fathers' and mothers' parenting stress was different, and because parenting stress was affected by different stressors according to parents' gender, the Early Head Start program should consider the differences in parenting stress due to the gender of parents.
Additionally, as the children grew, the relations among stressors, parenting stress, and child attachment changed. Children 's development can change all circumstances including parents' physical and psychosocial well-being. Further studies need to identify additional sources of parenting stress and the impact of intervention programs on the stressors affecting families raising young children. Also, the Early Head Start program had an effect on the context of parenting stress, so results may have implications for staff of the program.
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Wiebe, Vaneesa Joy. "Parenting style and self-other representation in high risk adolescents, the moderating role of attachment patterns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0023/MQ51506.pdf.
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Ohba, Chie. "The contribution of parents' internal working model of attachment relationships and parenting quality to toddler's autonomy /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Peacock, Regina, and Julio Cesar Fisher. "The effects of parental attachment and parenting style on the development of violent and general deliquent behaviors in preadolescent youths." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2086.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which insecure attachment formation and the laissez-faire of authoritarian parenting style predict violent or general delinquent behaviors in preadolescent youths. The present study analyzes archival data from the first wave of a longitudinal study on delinquent behaviors. Two hundred six male and female sixth grade students were surveyed. A correlation design was used to determine predictors of violent and general delinquent behaviors among these preadolescent youths. Regression analysis was used to determine which predictor offered the best explanation of violent and delinquent behavior. It was found that for boys and girls, insecure attachment was indeed significantly correlated with violent and general delinquent behaviors. However, parenting styles was not at all correlated with those behaviors in boys. Conversely, for girls, regression analysis indicated that the Laissez-faire parenting style was a more significant predictor of violent and general delinquent behaviors. These findings are important in that they may be used to help design programs to abate the rising tide of delinquency and violence among preadolescent youths. The results of this study indicate the need for parental involvment in such programs.
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Skinner, Kevin E. "The effect of a parenting seminar based on attachment theory upon parental expectations and attitudes in the adolescent family." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p090-0345.
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Barnes, Christopher. "Cognitive, emotional and environmental mediators of early parenting in high risk families." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/33753.
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The UK currently has the highest number of premature births (babies born before 37 weeks gestation age and below 2.5kg) in Europe affecting around 70,000 babies and their caregivers each year. Consequently many interventions have been created to support the development of the preterm newborn and minimise the complications of prematurity. Many of the interventions developed have been predominantly tactile and have almost exclusively focused upon their effect upon the baby and not, for example considered the effect that this type of intervention might have upon the parents; specifically the mother, when they are the ones who perform the therapy. In fact there is a severe lack of systematic studies investigating the latter. Hence, the aim of this thesis was to search for research-based evidence on the benefits of environmental support to both babies (e.g. increased weight gain or awake periods) and their mothers (e.g. higher perceptions of themselves as a mother) during hospital confinement and within the context of Neonatal Health Psychology (NNHP). For this reason, the main hypothesis investigated whether mothers’ cognitions and emotions; specifically Maternal Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem and Attachment, would be affected by environmental mediators in the form of structured or non-structured tactile sensory nurturing interventions. The empirical work reported in this thesis is divided into 3 distinct phases. Firstly, as their was no appropriate measure of maternal Self-Efficacy for mothers of hospitalised preterm neonates the main aim of Phase-1 was to develop and validate an appropriate measure. Using a prospective survey method and a mixed design (between/within and correlational) a total of 160 mother-preterm dyads (pooled from 2 cohorts; cohort 1, N=100; cohort 2, N=60) were recruited. The results demonstrated that the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMPS-E) tool had good initial psychometric properties (including internal/external reliability and construct validity) for its use with mothers of relatively healthy hospitalised preterm neonates. Secondly, in order to investigate mothers’ perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy beliefs further Phase-2 examined whether the type of feeding a mother chose to give to her baby mediated her self-efficacy beliefs. The results suggested that breastfeeding a preterm neonate during hospital confinement may adversely affect mothers’ perceptions of their efficacy in all aspects of parenting. Finally, using an experimental method Phase-3 tested the main hypothesis of this thesis and used a randomised cluster control trial (RCCT) design to allocate 60 mothers and their preterms equally to one of three cluster groups; consisting of either structured (e.g. TAC-TIC therapy or Using a Toy) or non-structured (Placebo/Control) tactile sensory nurturing interventions. The main findings illustrate that tactile sensory nurturing interventions do mediate maternal cognitions and emotions, preterm weight gain and behavioural state. In particular, mothers who performed TAC-TIC demonstrated significantly higher self-reported perceptions in their self-efficacy, self-esteem and attachment, which was attributed to the fact that these babies spent increased amounts of time in an alert and responsive behavioural state, and gained more weight throughout the study period. Thus, the work presented throughout this thesis has implications for Neonatal Health Psychologists and other Health Care professionals’ practice within neonatal units, the use of Neonatal Health Psychology as a framework to study the preterm neonate and their family, and also the way in which both mothers and their hospitalised preterm neonates are supported during hospital confinement.
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Brumariu, Laura Elena. "FAMILY FACTORS AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS IN PREADOLESENCE. A MEDIATION MODEL." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1184424205.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 15, 2009). Advisor: Kathryn A. Kerns. Keywords: attachment, parenting, anxiety. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-59).
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Costa, Natalie. "Hurricane Katrina and Youth Anxiety: The Role of Parental Anxiety, Parental and Youth Attachment Beliefs, and Parenting Behaviors." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/547.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of Hurricane Katrina on youth anxiety and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms (PTSD symptoms) by examining the roles of pre Katrina youth anxiety, parental anxiety, parental and youth attachment beliefs, and parenting behaviors. Seventy-four youth (ages 6 to 17, mean age: 11.34 years) and their parents were recruited for this study. Youth anxiety was assessed through the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales (child and parent version). Youth PTSD symptoms were assessed through the PTSD Checklist. Parental anxiety was assessed through the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (anxiety subscale). Child attachment beliefs to their parents were assessed with the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and parental attachment beliefs to their romantic partner were assessed through the Experiences in Close Relationships. Parenting behaviors were assessed through the Children.s Report of Parent Behavior Inventory. Results indicated that: (1) youth anxiety pre Katrina predicted youth anxiety/PTSD symptoms post Katrina, (2) youth pre Katrina levels of trust, communication, and secure attachment beliefs to mothers moderated the association between youth pre Katrina and post Katrina anxiety, (3) youth pre Katrina perceptions of acceptance moderated the association between youth pre Katrina and post Katrina anxiety, and (4) youth pre Katrina perceptions of firm control moderated the association between youth pre Katrina and post Katrina anxiety. The influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and number of traumatic events experienced in Hurricane Katrina is also presented. Findings are discussed in terms of identifying pre-disaster functioning variables that moderate the association between youth pre Katrina and post Katrina anxiety.
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Shaw, Jennifer P. "Do responsibility beliefs mediate the relationship between attachment and parenting styles, and obsessive compulsive symptoms in pregnant women?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808493/.
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The cognitive model of OCD has suggested that people with OCD have an inflated sense of responsibility which drives them to repeatedly check to avoid being responsible for harm to other people or themselves. Research into this model has suggested that responsibility beliefs cause OC symptoms. However, there is limited empirical research exploring the developmental origins of responsibility beliefs. This study sought to build on existing literature that has suggested that attachment style and perceived parenting are involved in the development of OC symptoms, through responsibility beliefs. Specifically this study aimed to explore whether responsibility beliefs mediated the relationship between a) perceived parenting and OC symptoms and b) attachment style and OC symptoms. This study aimed to build on previous literature by using a sample of pregnant women. It has been hypothesised that pregnancy is a trigger for OCD due to the increase of responsibility at this time. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used with a sample of 106 non-clinical pregnant women. The Parental Bonding Instrument was used to measure perceived parenting, the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire- Revised was used to measure attachment style, the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory was used to measure OC Symptoms, Responsibility/Threat subscale of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 was used to measure responsibility and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used as a measure of mood. The current study found that responsibility mediated the relationship between; i) paternal overprotection and OC symptoms, and ii) attachment anxiety and OC symptoms. However, the mediation model did not hold for maternal care, maternal overprotection, paternal care or attachment avoidance. The findings of the current study move towards drawing together the cognitive and attachment theories of OCD. The paper discusses the theoretical and clinical implications of the findings.