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Journal articles on the topic 'Automates programmables'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Shkil, Alexander, Dariia Rakhlis, Inna Filippenko, and Valentyn Korniienko. "Design and self-diagnostics of cyberphysical control devices on SOC platform." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 4(26) (December 27, 2023): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2023.26.122.

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The subject of research in this article is models, methods, and procedures for designing and self-diagnosing automated models of logic control devices implemented in SoCs. The object of work is the procedures for automated design and diagnosis of digital devices on the SoC technology platform. The aim of the study is to develop models and procedures for designing and self-testing in the cycle of automated design of automatic logic control systems on the SoC technology platform, which will significantly increase the reliability of their operation. The article solves the following tasks: consideration of the procedures for interacting the processor core with programmable logic as part of the SoC; improvement of the procedures for designing and testing software and hardware systems based on SoC; further development of procedures for automated design, verification, and diagnosis of cyber-physical logic control systems using programming languages and hardware description languages; implementation of the procedure for hardware self-testing of control automata on the SoC technology platform. The following methods are implemented: synthesis of control automata based on graph models, implementation of control automata models in the C programming language using an automata template, diagnostic experiment by traversing the automata transition graph. Results achieved. Based on the analysis of the procedures for the interaction of the processor core and programmable logic on the selected SoC platform, a model of a cyber-physical logic control system was designed. The practical implementation was carried out on the basis of the Vivado/Vitis/Vitis HLS CAD toolkit. The method of hardware self-testing of control automata on the technological platform of SoC ZYNQ-7000 was implemented. Conclusions. The article analyzes the principles of designing embedded cyber-physical systems implemented in system-on-chip. The principles of building verification systems and embedded self-diagnostics of system-on-chip systems containing software and hardware are considered. The developed methods are tested on a model of a traffic light logic control device on the SoC FPGA platform of the ZYNQ-7000 family by Xilinx. The Moore's control automaton is implemented in the PL block in the C programming language, and the operational automaton is implemented in the PS block. During the organization of the self-diagnosis process, a non-destructive diagnostic experiment was performed by traversing all arcs of the transition graph, starting from the initial vertex. In this case, the tester was an operational automaton, the reference logic and time values of which were stored in the memory of the PS unit. Visual observation of the diagnostic experiment was carried out using the LED panel of the ZedBoard board.

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Díaz-Choque, Martín, Vidalina Chaccara-Contreras, Giorgio Aquije-Cárdenas, et al. "Supervision, control, and data acquisition system of a heat exchanger." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp155-164.

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<span>Today, when industry 4.0 is already being talked about, and its advantages at the organizational level, there are still industrial processes that show a lack of automatic regulation mechanisms, which means that an optimal operating process is not guaranteed, nor that monitoring and supervision capacity. In this sense, the purpose of the article is to demonstrate the feasibility of the integration between the programmable logic controller and the Arduino nanocontrollers, this as an alternative to automate a concentric tube heat exchanger, for monitoring and data acquisition through a supervision, control and data acquisition system. The integration is shown through the design and implementation of a temperature transducer made up of a MAX6675 converter module and an Arduino Nano controller, which is amplified through its pulse width modulation (PWM) interface and the integrated TL081CP and coupled to the analog inputs of the automaton. As a result of the experimental tests, it was possible to determine that the flow rate of the automated system is directly proportional to the drop or difference in temperature in the hot fluid and inversely proportional to the increase in temperature in the cold fluid, verifying the effectiveness of the automated heat exchanger.</span>

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Abdullah, Shahino Mah. "Intelligent Robots and the Question of their Legal Rights: An Islamic Perspective." ICR Journal 9, no. 3 (2018): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v9i3.108.

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 Ismail al-Jazari was a prominent inventor in the Islamic world and is known today as the father of robotics. His magnum opus, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, gathered together instructions for building 100 devices he had designed. He invented a variety of water-rising machines, clocks, and humanoid automata, such as a drink-serving waitress, a hand-washer with flush mechanisms, a peacock fountain with automated servants, and a musical robot band. The latter was an early programmable automaton invented in 1206, making al-Jazari the first person to introduce the concept of programming and automation.

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Biňasová, Vladimíra, Peter Bubeník, Miroslav Rakyta, Marta Kasajová, and Katarína Štaffenová. "Programmable model of an automated warehouse." Technológ 15, no. 2 (2023): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.2.20.

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The paper deals with the multifunctional kit is a robust training model that simulates and demonstrates warehouse automation in the world's most advanced enterprises. Programming takes place in the Siemens TIA Portal software, which is then loaded into a Programmable Logic Automator which is interconnected with the source Siemens SITOP PSU100S. The main objective of the paper was to provide an overview of the current state of-the-art in automated manufacturing and to create an example of an automated warehouse that can be used in teaching as an ideal simulation and demonstration model for training and industrial automation.

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Ivanova, V., N. Rozhentcova, E. Gracheva, and A. Udaratin. "Development of an automated control system for 6/0.4 kV transformer substation with automatic transfer switch using standard IEC 61131-3." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801105.

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This work is devoted to the development of an automated transfer switch (ATS) for the 6/0.4 kV substation. The work is relevant due to the introduction of automation and the replacement of electromechanical equipment with microprocessor devices in the power systems. At the lower (field) level, automation is driven by the use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and various smart sensors. The possibility of using modular PLC in automation systems is considered. Developed are an algorithm and a program for the implementation of automated regulation of the application of automatic transfer switches at a substation using the recommendations of the IEC 61131.3 “Programming languages of programmable logic controllers” standard.

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Vyngra, A. V., A. S. Sobolev, and S. G. Chernyi. "Automated control system for electric drives with integration of programmable relays and active filters." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-2-s-i-53-59.

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This paper discusses relevant challenges in upgrade of control systems and reviews possible applications of new programmable relays OVEN PR10 for non-stop Ethernet data transmission. It also discusses integration of active power filters in feeding circuits of electric drives with upgraded automatic control systems. The study analyses the applications of active filters and suggests a testing system that consists of electric compressor drives and automated multi-channel control system with integrated active filters. The tests performed under this study have shown that automatic systems work more efficiently if they are fed by high-quality loading current from their electric drives and are governed by OVEN PLC110 programmable logic controllers. This paper also describes a case study: laboratory experiment on integrating active power filter for interharmonic current components with multi-channel drive control system based on cutting-edge programmable relay OVEN PR103. The results of this study could be useful for the upgrade of Russian fishing fleet, as well as for design and development of innovative ships.

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shilledar, Musharraf. "AUTOMATED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 05 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01692.

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This paper introduces the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Based Automated Effluent Treatment System as an innovative solution for efficiently managing industrial effluents. The system employs sophisticated technology, including PLCs and various sensors, to automate and optimize the treatment process. Specifically designed for industries like electroplating, where water contamination is prevalent, the system effectively monitors and controls water levels, temperature, gas presence, and pH levels to ensure the safe disposal of effluent. Through a detailed exploration of its components and functionalities, this paper demonstrates how the PLC-based system enhances efficiency, reliability, and environmental sustainability in industrial wastewater treatment. Key Words: Programmable Logic Controller, Automation, Effluent treatment plant, Environment safety, Sewage, Chemicals.

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Lv, Li Ya, and Yong Jun Min. "Power Batteries Pack Test System Based on GPIB Protocol." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.614.

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A communication and data collection device was designed based on GPIB protocol, with the design of PC control and automatic measurement software, which can complete programmable electronic load control and ambient temperature data acquision, implementation of new energy vehicles for the automatic measurement of battery pack and Data records, simplifying test system design. The results show that the system operation and reliable performance, advanced features, can realize the new energy vehicle power battery pack automated testing of complex working conditions.

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Wong, Ching-Chang, Chih-Cheng Liu, Sheng-Ru Xiao, Hao-Yu Yang, and Meng-Cheng Lau. "Q-Learning of Straightforward Gait Pattern for Humanoid Robot Based on Automatic Training Platform." Electronics 8, no. 6 (2019): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060615.

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In this paper, an oscillator-based gait pattern with sinusoidal functions is designed and implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip to generate a trajectory plan and achieve bipedal locomotion for a small-sized humanoid robot. In order to let the robot can walk straight, the turning direction is viewed as a parameter of the gait pattern and Q-learning is used to obtain a straightforward gait pattern. Moreover, an automatic training platform is designed so that the learning process is automated. In this way, the turning direction can be adjusted flexibly and efficiently under the supervision of the automatic training platform. The experimental results show that the proposed learning framework allows the humanoid robot to gradually walk straight in the automated learning process.

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Melnyk, Oleksandr, and Viktoriia Kozarevych. "SIMULATION OF PROGRAMMABLE SINGLE-ELECTRON NANOCIRCUITS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Mathematical modeling in engineering and technologies, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2222-0631.2020.01.05.

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The speed and specializations of large-scale integrated circuits always contradict their versatility, which expands their range and causes the rise in price of electronic devices. It is possible to eliminate the contradictions between universality and specialization by developing programmable nanoelectronic devices, the algorithms of which are changed at the request of computer hardware developers, i.e. by creating arithmetic circuits with programmable characteristics. The development of issues of theory and practice of the majority principle is now an urgent problem, since the nanoelectronic execution of computer systems with programmable structures will significantly reduce their cost and significantly simplify the design stage of automated systems. Today there is an important problem of developing principles for building reliable computer equipment. The use of mathematical and circuit modeling along with computer-aided design systems (CAD) can significantly increase the reliability of the designed devices. The authors prove the advantages of creating programmable nanodevices to overcome the physical limitations of micro-rominiatization. This continuity contributes to the accelerated introduction of mathematical modeling based on programmable nanoelectronics devices. The simulation and computer-aided design of reliable programmable nanoelectronic devices based on the technology of quantum automata is described. While constructing single-electron nanocircuits of combinational and sequential types the theory of majority logic is used. The order of construction and programming of various types of arithmetic-logic units is analyzed.

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Hadi, N. A. A., Lim Hui Yee, K. A. M. Annuar, et al. "Development of an automatic can crusher using programmable logic controller." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (2019): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1795-1804.

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The invention of a can crusher machine in this project is to reduce the wasted storage space occupied by the tremendous amount of use aluminium can at the commercial establishment like in the restaurant, cafeteria and bar. Basically, can crusher machine be operated in manual effort and time in the can crushing process. Shrinking the initial volume of empty used-aluminium cans down to 50% in more effective, faster and effortless way, as well as to develop a low-cost device that is suitable for the small-industry usage are mainly the objectives for the Automatic Can Crusher, where an automated process is executed in Automatic Can Crusher due to the automation in the modern world is inevitable and nominal to be used. The Automatic Can Crusher is run by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) with the aid of an inductive and capacitive sensor, where it is applied to detect whether the object is metal or non-metal. Overall, the system can be controlled manually through the push start and stop button as well as using the Human Machine Interface (HMI) using NB-Designer, for displaying the total of cans being crushed per day. The average result of empty can could shrink from 31% to 60 % of the original value, by using the attuned and compatible pressure for this system.

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FORTUNA, LUIGI, MATTIA FRASCA, ANGELO SARRA FIORE, and LEON O. CHUA. "THE WOLFRAM MACHINE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 12 (2010): 3863–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410028100.

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A new stand-alone complex system hardware emulator, called the Wolfram Machine, is introduced in this paper. The system is a programmable hardware cellular automaton able to emulate and show the outcome of all elementary cellular automata, allowing for their experimental analysis. The system consists of an LED matrix and a board equipped with a microcontroller. This simple low-cost system can be programmed to reproduce the complex behavior of Wolfram's cellular automata, ranging from periodic patterns to Turing machines and Isles of Eden. A complete gallery of experiments is included.

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Bostyn, S., J. Gaucher, G. Christophe, R. Soukehal, and C. Porte. "An Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Supervised by an Industrial Programmable Logic Controller." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, no. 1 (2001): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00115-7.

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In the case of development of new products in organic synthesis, the final step of the process must offer the best purity. In this way, the final step is a unit operation of isolation like distillation, crystallisation or liquid-liquid extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a module of purification on an automated platform for achieving the whole process. In our case, an automated platform was based on Zymark architecture allowing us to automate sample preparation and the reaction steps. For the purification module, we opted to develop our own home module: a liquid-liquid extraction module. This unit operation permits us to separate the final product in the case of peptide synthesis in liquid phase, but equally, in the case of isolation of vegetable molecules. The module capacities had to permit the multistage extraction and the determination of the binodal curve for optimising the process, and to possess in our own system for liberating the Zymark robot for other tasks. The operator interface is developed by using a SCADA (supervisory control).

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Ketki P. Kshirsagar, Et al. "Automatic Sorting Machine Using PLC and HMI Technique." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 10 (2023): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i10.8563.

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The automatic sorter machine using PLC is a system that sorts productsbasedonspecificcriteriasuchas size, weight, or color. The system consists of a programmable logic controller (PLC), sensors, actuators, motors, conveyor system, power supply, programming software, HMI development software, and communication protocols. The sorting process is automated, with the PLC controlling them ovement of products to the sorting stations based on the selected sensors'feedback. The HMI allows the operator to monitor and control the sorting process and displays information such as the status of the machine, the number of products sorted, and any errors or alarms. The system's design and implementation require careful consideration of the sorting requirements, selection of appropriate sensors and actuators, design of the control algorithm, programming of the PLC, development of the HMI, testing and commissioning, and maintenance and optimization. The automatic sorter machine using PLC is a reliable and efficient solution for automated sorting processes in various industries such as manufacturing, packaging, and logistics.

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He, Anping, Jinzhao Wu, Shihan Yang, Yongquan Zhou, and Juan Wang. "Automata-Based Analysis of Stage Suspended Boom Systems." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/739253.

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A stage suspended boom system is an automatic steeve system orchestrated by the PLC (programmable logic controller). Security and fault-recovering are two important properties. In this paper, we analyze and verify the boom system formally. We adopt the hybrid automaton to model the boom system. The forward reachability is used to verify the properties with the reachable states. We also present a case study to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed verification.

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Goodman, Steven. "Automated & Programmable Electron Microscopy Preparation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, S1 (2021): 1392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621005171.

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KURITA, Masanori, Katsunori SAKIYAMA, Hitoshi SAKAI, Toshio YADA, and Matsuo MIYAGAWA. "A programmable automated X-ray diffractometer." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 54, no. 500 (1988): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.54.854.

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Mašková, Kamila, Iryna Petrovska, Oleksandr Ryshkovskyy, and Svyatoslav Yatsyshyn. "RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, no. 2 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.02.022.

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Automated systems that are part of cyber-physical systems provide distribution of goods or prefabricated components, as well as their documenting and automatic tracking in real-time. Workpieces are marked with RFID transponders. RFID antennas allow contactless reading and/or recording of information, RFID electronics process and transmit it to the programmable logic controller via PROFIBUS DP, PROFINET, Ethernet IP, Ethernet TCP/IP, or EtherCAT interface. The peculiarities of the universal interface for the needs of cyber-physical systems equipped with RFID means and the main metrological characteristics of the latter are studied in the work.

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Patil, Prof S. J., and Aditya Appannavar. "Implementation of PLC Based Automated CNG Tank for Chuter Assembly Line." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 4952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46092.

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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to discuss Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). PLC is a type of digital computer that automates electromechanical activities like controlling machinery or manufacturing lines, among others. PLC’s are employed in numerous equipment and industries. The primary purpose of implementing a PLC is to eliminate concerns with relay irregularity and logic control. HMI (Human Machine Interface) is used in conjunction with a PLC to control and monitor the performance of industrial devices The aim of this project is to illustrate the usage of PLC in automated CNG tank for chuter assembly line and the utilization of its high capabilities and efficiency to process input and output signals from several sensors. With the help of software validation and hardware implementation used for demonstrating the ease of operation with the control system.

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Baroiu, Nicuşor, Virgil Gabriel Teodor, and Florin Iftode. "Monitoring a Group of Hydraulic Pumps Connected to the Water Feeding System of a Civil Building." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.474.

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The paper describes the method that can be used to monitoring of a water feeding system of a civil building and its subsystems, using a graphic interface of a soft-ware pack – SCADA (Supervisory Control and data Acquisition), WinCC Flexible. The effective adjustment of the pressure of the water feeding system implies using specific elements: sensors, execution elements, programmable automatons and monitoring devices. In the paper, also is analysed the situation in which three centrifugal pumps are utilized as execution elements, a pressure sensor – to measure the pressure of the water feeding system of the consumer, three sensors that detect the presence of water in each well and a Siemens programmable automaton, from the SIMATIC S7-300 series, which controls the process and a PC for the acquisition of data and for monitoring. Thus, it presents a schematic system operating water supply, logic operation sequence control, protection, signage and display alarms

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Blagojević, Vladislav, Saša Ranđelović, Vlastimir Nikolić, and Slobodan Dudić. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF THE PLC PROGRAMS FOR THE SEQUENTIAL CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 3 (2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume190123033b.

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Nowadays, programmable logic controllers (PLC) are widely used in many automated systems, especially for the control of various actuators. The most common PLC programming is performed by either using a ladder diagram or a structured text. The paper presents the automatic generation of PLC programs for the purpose of sequentially controlling pneumatic actuators. In this paper, the pneumatic actuators are supplied and controlled by 5/2-way as well as 5/3-way bistable pneumatic valves with electric activation. The valve type depends on the number of positions in which the actuator should come, and the position sensors are used for detecting its movement. The characteristic encoding of the movement of actuators, position sensors and control commands is performed. The advantages of the automatic generation of the PLC commands and the entire program described in this paper are illustrated in a real example.

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Becker, McCoy R., Alexander K. Lew, Xiaoyan Wang, et al. "Probabilistic Programming with Programmable Variational Inference." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, PLDI (2024): 2123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3656463.

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Compared to the wide array of advanced Monte Carlo methods supported by modern probabilistic programming languages (PPLs), PPL support for variational inference (VI) is less developed: users are typically limited to a predefined selection of variational objectives and gradient estimators, which are implemented monolithically (and without formal correctness arguments) in PPL backends. In this paper, we propose a more modular approach to supporting variational inference in PPLs, based on compositional program transformation. In our approach, variational objectives are expressed as programs, that may employ first-class constructs for computing densities of and expected values under user-defined models and variational families. We then transform these programs systematically into unbiased gradient estimators for optimizing the objectives they define. Our design makes it possible to prove unbiasedness by reasoning modularly about many interacting concerns in PPL implementations of variational inference, including automatic differentiation, density accumulation, tracing, and the application of unbiased gradient estimation strategies. Additionally, relative to existing support for VI in PPLs, our design increases expressiveness along three axes: (1) it supports an open-ended set of user-defined variational objectives, rather than a fixed menu of options; (2) it supports a combinatorial space of gradient estimation strategies, many not automated by today’s PPLs; and (3) it supports a broader class of models and variational families, because it supports constructs for approximate marginalization and normalization (previously introduced for Monte Carlo inference). We implement our approach in an extension to the Gen probabilistic programming system (genjax.vi, implemented in JAX), and evaluate our automation on several deep generative modeling tasks, showing minimal performance overhead vs. hand-coded implementations and performance competitive with well-established open-source PPLs.

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Ippolitov, V. A., A. B. Kononenko, A. A. Kosorotov, and O. V. Kryukov. "MONITORING AND NEW FUNCTIONALITY OF SWITCHGEARS OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS WITH LCD "CASCADE"." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 275 (May 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2021.05.pp.032-039.

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The prospects for the development and implementation of new technologies for expanding the functionality and reliability of complete transformer substations are considered. It is shown that the main component of automation of switchgears of modern electrical substations is the system of automatic input of the reserve, and the main intellectual center of it becomes the controller, which is a specialized unit or system of freely programmable relay devices or programmable logic controllers. A new block diagram of the dispatching and diagnostics system of the digital substation switchgear with an element-by-element description of the functions and main operating modes is presented. A detailed description of the switchgear based on two bus sections, to which the circuit breakers of the outgoing lines are connected, is given. Innovative functions of monitoring and intelligent control of automated systems of various switchgears within the framework of the concept of digital substations are proposed. Examples of new unctions of the CTS “Cascade” system based on HMI controllers using web technologies are given.

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Goodman, Steven L., and Jeffrey W. Percival. "Next Generation Automated Programmable Electron Microscopy Preparation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 29, Supplement_1 (2023): 2062–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1067.

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Wang, Tao, Ping Li, Mingfang Wang, DanDan Yang, and Chaoyu Shi. "A flexible, efficient and low-cost experimental platform for FMCW radars." Sensor Review 39, no. 4 (2019): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2018-0169.

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Purpose This paper proposes a design of an efficient and automated experimental platform for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars. The platform can quickly flexibly generate the waveform that meets measurement requirements and significantly improve experimental efficiency. Design/methodology/approach This platform not only includes radio frequency devices but also integrates a programmable transmitter based on field programmable gate array. By configuring the waveform data, the experimental platform can generate waveforms with adjustable parameters and realize automatic emission, reception and processing of signals. Different from traditional fast Fourier transform, this paper uses a discrete-time Fourier transform to process low-frequency signals to get more accurate results. Findings The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the platform through a single-path cable experiment, an indoor ranging experiment by using different modulating waveforms and a speed measurement experiment. With complete functions and strong flexibility, the platform can operate effectively in various conditions and greatly improve the efficiency of research and study. Practical implications The platform can accelerate the research studies and applications of FMCW radars in the fields of automatic drive, through-wall detection and health-care applications. Originality/value Cost and functionality are taken into account in the platform, which can significantly improve the efficiency of research. The proposed signal processing method improves the accuracy while its computation complexity does not increase significantly.

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Ruppert, Jerry R. "Automated Determination of Ethanol and Wine Extract with Precision Density Meter, Automatic Sampler, and Programmable Calculator." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 4 (1986): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.4.709.

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Abstract Use of density meters has become the preferred method in many alcohol beverage laboratories to determine the concentration of ethanol in wines and spirits. Density converted to SG (20/20) is also the basis of an official AOAC method to determine extract of wine. Automation of the latter procedure is inhibited by the necessity to access AOAC Table 52.008 to convert SG (20/20) of the dealcoholized wine sample to percentage of sucrose by weight. The author reduced the most commonly used portion of that table (1-30% sucrose by weight) to a third degree polynomial, enabling the use of a density meter, an automatic sampler, and a computer or programmable calculator to automatically determine alcoholic content and wine extract from a sample of wine and its distillate. The absolute error between AOAC Table 52.008 and the author’s polynomial equation is less than ± 0.002 percentage of sucrose by weight for the range 1-30% sucrose by weight.

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Istomina, Nataliia Mykolaivna. "Designing the training students methods of automated documents creation." Engineering and Educational Technologies 8, no. 3 (2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2020.08.03.05.

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In modern conditions, informatization permeate into all spheres of society. This also applies to the educational sphere. At the moment, many software products are involved in the educational process. Involve of software products helps to increase the clarity and aesthetics of students' paperwork. At the same time, the dominance of technical means increases the student load. It should also be noted that the speed of paperwork is often reduced. Students spend more time on the results with the help of technical means than on the work done by hand. This contradiction can be resolved by students acquiring skills in working with automated documents. This work is devoted to the development of methods for training students the principles of creating automated documents through the use of automatic elements: styles, objects, labels, links, automatic lists of various directions. The theoretic, practical and individual stages are fixed in the developed method. The thematic plan with covering all parties of automatic elements application at document creation is designed. The main tools used to create an automated document in most of the software products used are highlighted. Chief among these tools are: labels, links, programmable fields. To work with documents, you can use many software products, among which the most common are Microsoft Office, LaTeX, Libre Office. Today, given the current trend of distributing free licenses of software products for educational institutions and education seekers, the Microsoft Office suite remains the most popular among students. Taking this into account, the work provides examples of the implementation of tasks that correspond to the compiled thematic plan using the means of the Microsoft Office package. All examples are accompanied by pictures explaining the use of the selected automatic element. As a result of the work, a method for training students the principles of creating automated documents was formulated. Implementation of the designed training method allows to reduce the time spent on preparing an electronic document, improve the documents design quality and increase the flexibility of the received content for export, import and editing operations.

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KOKOLAKIS, I., I. ANDREADIS, and PH TSALIDES. "PROGRAMMABLE CELLULAR AUTOMATA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 09, no. 05n06 (1999): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126699000219.

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A new architecture of the binary cellular automata (CA), called programmable CA (PCA), is presented for the first time in this letter. The basic properties of the PCA are also studied. The proposed architecture is simple and fast and aims at providing efficient solutions to a variety of CA applications.

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Amin, Ahmed M., Mithuna Thottethodi, T. N. Vijaykumar, Steven Wereley, and Stephen C. Jacobson. "Automatic volume management for programmable microfluidics." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 43, no. 6 (2008): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1379022.1375590.

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Ajaykumar Dharmireddy, Et al. "Street Light Controller Including Automatic Traffic Light Controller System Implementation on FPGA." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 3112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9452.

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— The number of vehicles has greatly expanded over time and is continually growing. Due to traffic congestion, a sizable amount of working hours must be spent on the roads, which has an indirect negative influence on the economy and leads to preventable road accidents that end in fatalities. While metropolitan infrastructures are developing much more slowly, the number of vehicles is rising. We require a system that can successfully manage such a circumstance. A system that can efficiently manage traffic is what we call an automatic traffic control system. Moreover, a system for automatic street lights is built within. This suggested concept tries to automate traffic regulation based on density and a controller for automatic street lights that only come on at night. It detects vehicles by using IR (Infra Red) sensors in every direction. IR sensor modules for traffic lights and an LDR sensor module for streetlights provide the inputs, respectively. Verilog HDL is used to implement the solution, and Xilinx Vivado is used to simulate it. An FPGA has this suggested model pre-programmed (Field Programmable Gate Array).

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Baek, Sujeong. "System integration for predictive process adjustment and cloud computing-based real-time condition monitoring of vibration sensor signals in automated storage and retrieval systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 113, no. 3-4 (2021): 955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06652-z.

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AbstractAs automation and digitalization are being increasingly implemented in industrial applications, manufacturing systems comprising several functions are becoming more complex. Consequently, fault analysis (e.g., fault detection, diagnosis, and prediction) has attracted increased research attention. Investigations involving fault analysis are usually performed using real-time, online, or automated techniques for fault detection or alarming. Conversely, recovery of faulty states to their healthy forms is usually performed manually under offline conditions. However, the development of intelligent systems requires that appropriate feedback be provided automatically, to facilitate faulty-state recovery without the need for manual operator intervention and/or decision-making. To this end, this paper proposes a system integration technique for predictive process adjustment that determines appropriate recovery actions and performs them automatically by analyzing relevant sensor signals pertaining to the current situation of a manufacturing unit via cloud computing and machine learning. The proposed system corresponds to an automated predictive process adjustment module of an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS). The said integrated module collects and analyzes the temperature and vibration signals of a product transporter using an internet-of-things-based programmable logic controller and cloud computing to identify the current states of the ASRS system. Upon detection of faulty states, the control program identifies corresponding process control variables and controls them to recover the system to its previous no-fault state. The proposed system will facilitate automatic prognostics and health management in complex manufacturing systems by providing automatic fault diagnosis and predictive recovery feedback.

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Abdurakhmonov, S. M., O. Kh Kuldashov, and B. N. Fayzimatov. "System for Ensuring Ornithological Safety at Civilian Airports." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2020-10-61-64.

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Ensuring the ornithological safety of the aircraft flights is a serious international problem. Due to the sharp increase in the number, size and speed of the modern aircrafts, the probability of collisions with the birds and the severity of the consequences are increased significantly. To ensure ornithological safety of civil aviation, various birdscarers are used. Along with the latest ultrasonic and laser developments, it is possible to use acoustic scarers — after appropriate modernization. The authors developed and created a new type of the automated complex based on the microprocessor technologies. This system includes a sound (propane) thunder cannon and a built-in video surveillance system with the motion sensors. An algorithm for the operation of the complex was developed. Proposed: the automated bird detection in the take-off and landing zone of the airport using video cameras and automatic launch of the thunder cannon shots. There are three options for launching the thunder cannon: automatic — based on the schedule of the aircraft take-off and arrival; automatic — when birds are detected by the surveillance cameras; manual centralized — if required. A modern programmable logic controller PLC110 of the Russian company OWEN with a program based on CODESYS was used. Information is transferred using the Modbus RTU protocol. Data archiving system was created based on the TRACE MODE software package. Thanks to automation, the negative consequences of the human factor when observing birds and managing repellents are minimized, which increases the efficiency of ensuring the airport ornithological safety.

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Mohd Fadzli, Muhamad Aiman Fikri, and Sophan Wahyudi Bin Nawawi. "Automated Storage and Retrieval System for Warehouse." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 1 (2024): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v23n1.471.

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Manual picking and retrieval of items from storage locations can be time-consuming, leading to delays in order fulfillment. This can negatively impact customer satisfaction and the overall responsiveness of the supply chain. In addition, manual data entry and tracking systems are prone to human errors, resulting in discrepancies between recorded and actual inventory levels. This can lead to stockouts, overstocking, and difficulties in maintaining accurate inventory records. Therefore, a fully automated storage and retrieval system is proposed to tackle this problem. The overall system consists of infrared sensor as presence of item stored, LEDs indicator, warehouse model with compartments and stepper motors act as actuator to pick and place the item. This project aims to automate the storage and retrieval system with the assist of monitoring system for accurate tracking of inventory and space savings. The use of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in this project is a good representation of integrated automation technology in automated storage system design. Furthermore, monitoring system connected to a web-based system will be used to remotely monitor and operate the facility. Implementing an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) in the warehouse can address these challenges by automating the storage, retrieval, and tracking of inventory.

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Abot, Sherell Dynn R., and Glenn V. Magwili. "Reduce Mistrimming of Voltage Offset for Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)." International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.9.2.36-42.

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Commonly the voltage offset of an operational amplifier is only measured and specified in the datasheet but for this device, it is the first device to implement the trimming of the voltage offset that will provide a more accurate output across different gain settings. With the implementation, there were problems encountered particularly the mistrimming of the voltage offset wherein it should be within the datasheet specification and it is in uV range. Even though the Automated Test Equipment (ATE) is capable of measuring uV, there are other contributors that are causing the mistrimming. And in this research, it aims to show the root cause using circuit simulations, develop/implement a proposed solution, and prove that proposed solution will solve the mistrimming issue.

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Ivanovа, V. R., V. V. Novokreshenov, and N. V. Rozhencova. "Development of an algorithm for effective management of the technological process of the industrial enterprise based on the programmable logic controller TM171PDM27S Schneider Electric." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 2 (2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-2-75-85.

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Ventilation and air conditioning systems are necessary to regulate air exchange, maintain temperature and humidity, and provide a comfortable microclimate. Their installation is certainly relevant in premises for various purposes: at industrial facilities, in residential buildings, in administrative institutions, warehouses and others. In order to effectively carry out and ensure the proper functioning of ventilation, it is necessary to introduce automated control schemes for the operation of these systems, as well as the use of various modern equipment (ventilation units, ventilation units, silencers, air filters, air heaters, etc.) to increase the reliability of airspace cleaning and the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing the system generally. The paper presents the scheme and algorithm for the effective control of the technological process of the ventilation system of an industrial enterprise based on the TM171PDM27S Schneider Electric programmable logic controller. The analysis of existing ventilation systems is carried out, the description of ventilation systems is presented, the stand's appearance is presented, the choice of a programmable logic controller is justified, methodological recommendations for acquiring programming skills using the EcoStruxure Machine Expert - HVAC environment are presented, automatic control of the supply ventilation system for the foundry of an industrial enterprise is organized goals of a visual study of elements of ventilation systems, methods of regulation and control of parameters in ventilation systems. The main goal of creating a training stand is to study the settings and operating modes of automated ventilation and air conditioning control systems. In the course of further improvement of the circuit, classes of the following nature are possible: determination of the static and dynamic characteristics of the fan; study of the characteristics of an automated damper; pressure regulation by controlling a fan, etc.

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An, Ran, Xueyuan Ge, and Miaohui Wang. "Design and Microscale Fabrication of Negative Poisson’s Ratio Lattice Structure Based on Multi-Scale Topology Optimization." Machines 11, no. 5 (2023): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11050519.

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The current design of negative Poisson’s ratio lattice structures is mainly forward-looking and predominantly dependent on several known deformation patterns. To automate the generation of structures with programmable Poisson’s ratio, the study utilized the energy homogenization method and the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method to establish an optimization model for negative Poisson’s ratio. By proposing a relaxed objective function and eliminating damping in the Optimality Criteria (OC) method, the study achieves the automatic evolution of negative Poisson’s ratio programmable lattice unit cells, with the lowest Poisson’s ratio achieving −0.5367, and an equivalent elastic matrix is derived. The iterative process’s efficiency is comparable to that of commercial software, with a maximum iteration time of 300 s, enabling the prompt identification of fundamental configurations. To validate the method’s effectiveness, finite element analysis was performed on four tubular structures, revealing evident tension–compression deformation patterns. Moreover, the microscale selective laser melting was used to successfully prepare multiple sets of tubular samples made from 316L stainless steel, each with a height of 5 mm. Quasi-static compression experiments showed negative Poisson’s ratio effects and buckling forms that align with finite element analysis results, providing valuable insights for industry applications.

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Edi Saputra Siregar. "RANCANG BANGUN PENYIMPANAN BARANG BERBASIS PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER PADA MESJID BAITUL HIKMAH." Jurnal Surya Teknika 8, no. 2 (2022): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v8i2.3287.

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Storage for goods is an important part of a mosque. When we are going to pray in congregation, the items or bags we carry make us anxious and afraid of losing. The development of technology has replaced the storage of goods carried out by mosque officials into an automated storage system. But it also needs to be considered in terms of the security system for storing these items. Researchers formulate how automation and security systems use RRFID. The research method used is research and development. The storage of this item is programmed with the Arduino and CX Programmer applications by creating a security system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as radio waves carrying data that will be received by the RFID reader. The result of this research is an automatic door prototype using RFID which will operate properly. Reader ability to detect id card very good starting when the card is affixed to the reader and the selenoid system will work to open the door when the id card is attached.

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Repnikov, A. I., and M. P. Kukhtik. "AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM OF CHILDREN’S CAROUSEL." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 8(243) (August 28, 2020): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-8-243-70-72.

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Automated control system for children's carousel has been developed and manufactured. Control cabinet for children's carousel has been designed and control program for programmable logic controller has been written. Control system increases operation reliability of children's carousel and secures ability to control rotation speed of racks.

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P K, Das, Kumar V, and Singh S.K. "Automated Bottle Replenishment Plant using Programmable Logic Controller." IJIREEICE 5, no. 4 (2017): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijireeice.2017.5416.

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van Roekel, Hendrik W. H., Lenny H. H. Meijer, Saeed Masroor, et al. "Automated Design of Programmable Enzyme-Driven DNA Circuits." ACS Synthetic Biology 4, no. 6 (2014): 735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sb500300d.

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Fidalgo, Luis M., and Sebastian J. Maerkl. "A software-programmable microfluidic device for automated biology." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 9 (2011): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0lc00537a.

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Rahman, Md Saidur, Sairatun Nesa Soheli, and Arnob Rahman. "Automated Security System Based on Programmable Logic Controller." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 12, no. 02 (2017): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-120203103105.

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Brauckhoff, Daniela, Matthias Bossardt, and Bernhard Plattner. "Automated Pattern-Based Service Deployment in Programmable Networks." Journal of Network and Systems Management 14, no. 1 (2006): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10922-005-9014-5.

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Díaz-Choque, Martín, Carlos Dávila-Ignacio, Augusto Sanchez-Ayte, et al. "Automated system for monitoring and control of the liquid wax production process." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp782-790.

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This article describes the design of an automated system for the automatic monitoring and control of the liquid wax production process, in order to quantify its effect on productivity indicators. For which initially the procedure for obtaining the automation will be described; then the results obtained will be presented, the same ones that will be identified through a comparative analysis. During the investigation it was determined that, through the use of a programmable logic controller, it was possible to improve the precision of the dosage of components in the liquid wax production process; By achieving acorrect dosage, it is achieved that the physical-chemical factors that intervene in the quality of the final product, which are the pH and specific density, are within the limits established by the company, this is reflected in the decrease 38.77% of the amount of monthly loss of raw material, thus achieving the optimization of the productivity of the production of liquid wax by 83.69% per month, compared to the non-automated process.<br /><div> </div>

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Hadiyanto Hadiyanto. "MOTOR CONTROLLER ARDUINO BASED 3 (THREE) PHASE." MULTICA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MST) JOURNAL 1, no. 2 (2021): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47002/mst.v1i2.279.

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Electrical machinery plays a very important in industry and in everyday life hari. Exsitasi or starting a means used by man to ignite and drive the electrical machinery. The way or starting exsitasi electrical machines taken by man to get a good efficiency power efficiency and torque efficiency. Thus it takes a piece of equipment that is capable of performing exsitasi electrical machines with a small power with big torque. Inverter or more commonly known as VSD (Variable Speed Drive) is one option which is used in making exsitasi or starting the electric machines. The inverter is able to perform exsitasi electric machines both single phase and 3 phase with prefix absorbs very little power and have very besar.Contoller torque inverter done so fine that almost did not happen rebound flow and speed that can cause damage to the machines The electricity nor the couple or connecting circuits. In the world of industrial inverter controlled semi-automated and automated by the semi-automatic circuit. Automatic performed by a series of contactors and relays, while the control is automatically done by the PLC (Programmable Logic Control). Arduino can be used as a substitute for controlling performed by contactors, relays and PLC. Arduino able to control the start-stop, round forward and reverse rotation and control the motor rotation speed can be displayed in the display LCD (Liquid Cristal Display)

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Elamurugan, P., K. VinothBresnav, D. Abirami, and K. G.Suhirdham. "Automatic Material Segregation Using PLC." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (2018): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12088.

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At the present timeunusedghettoizationindications a vivaciousstarring protagonist in discardedsupervision system. The inappropriateapartheid of variegatedsurplus that split ends up in landfills sort out not fadingas it ought to be. This red-top grants knowledge of ghettoizing the substantial inevitably concluded the assistance of programmable logic controller (PLC). This treasure troveobliging to moderate the manual maneuver in the progression of reconditioning the alienatedquantifiable such in place ofpewter, cut-glass, malleable and supplementary devises crumpled consuming the air-filled piston. The dissimilar capacitive, proximity sensors etc. devours engaged in the process. The reprocessed product which partakes per received mutable byproduct. The sensible stirring on a conveyer belt intuited by the relevant sensors segregated into poles apartcontainers using a gearing contrivance. The entire component partakes organized by a programmable logic controller (PLC) staysencodedthroughPLClanguage by means of ladder logic.

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Usman, Ayinde M., Alada S. Rauf, Nazmat T. Surajudeen-Bakinde, Abdulkarim A. Oloyede, Abdulrahaman O. Otuoze, and Olayinka S. Zakariyya. "Universal programmable digital timer switch." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2023): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.1169.

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Many electromechanical devices operation is dependent on timing concept. Different constituent parts are programmed to function on timestamp. In many home and industrial applications, timer switches form one of the major components. It is usually used for the operation of such devices. In this work, a simple but robust general-purpose universal programmable digital timer (UPDT) is proposed. The UPDT switch is a software-based timer with an interface that can be connected to a variety of devices to act as a switch for their operations. It is designed to perform a cyclic operation up to 100 times with a maximum switching time of 100 hours. The module presented in this work is capable of being used for the operation of a variety of devices such as utility load shedding device, water pump control, automatic poultry feed dispenser, automatic lawn watering system, among others.

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M, J. M. "Première mondiale : véritable microtome automatisé et programmable." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2013, no. 453 (2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(13)72058-6.

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Pomorski, Krzysztof, and Dariusz Kotula. "Thermodynamics in Stochastic Conway’s Game of Life." Condensed Matter 8, no. 2 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat8020047.

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Cellular automata can simulate many complex physical phenomena using the power of simple rules. The presented methodological platform expresses the concept of programmable matter, of which Newton’s laws of motion are an example. Energy is introduced as the equivalent of the “Game of Life” mass, which can be treated as the first level of approximation. The temperature presence and propagation was calculated for various lattice topologies and boundary conditions, using the Shannon entropy measure. This study provides strong evidence that, despite the principle of mass and energy conservation not being fulfilled, the entropy, mass distribution, and temperature approach thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition, the described cellular automaton system transitions from a positive to a negative temperature, which stabilizes and can be treated as a signature of a system in equilibrium. The system dynamics is presented for a few species of cellular automata competing for maximum presence on a given lattice with different boundary conditions.

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Rashid, Adib Bin, and Md Faisal Kader. "Performance Analysis of An Automated Biodiesel Processor." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (2022): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0008.

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Abstract The extraction of Biodiesel from vegetable oil is time-consuming and requires human involvement to perform and keep track of chemical titration, stirring, and washing the product for each batch of production. A well-designed system can significantly eliminate human interaction and expedite the whole process. The construction of an inexpensive automated biodiesel plant can help produce Biodiesel on a large scale and make a breakthrough in Bangladesh’s economy as no such effort has been undertaken so far. To achieve the desired aim, this paper focuses on implementing the construction of a cheap, compact, and automatic system that will exhaustively reduce human interactions and the processing time and increase biodiesel yield. For this purpose, an automated biodiesel processor was designed and constructed in conjunction with pumps, solenoid valves, level sensors, temperature sensors, etc., using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Upon completing a full cycle, the plant delivers certified Biodiesel and the leftover by-products are collected for further recycling. Different batches of Biodiesel were produced. A comparative study of the physical properties of the fuel and the diesel engine’s performance characteristics by these fuel samples was analysed and showed satisfactory results.

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