Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Automobiles électriques'
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Lamartinie, Elsa. "Nouvelles architectures électriques pour véhicule thermique." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-504.pdf.
Full textPorte, Maxime. "Études et caractérisations de l’arc électrique de déconnexion entre contacts de connecteurs automobiles de puissance : études de solutions pour en limiter les effets." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S016.
Full textThe multiplication of the electrical functions aboard vehicles requires increasing electrical power. Due to persisting problems of the electronic and devices (fuses, connectors, relays), the conception of a 42VDC architecture is in stand by. This manuscript reports the phenomena on connector reliability as the electrical arc during a disconnection under voltage, overheating during current conduction and wear during vibration. It appears through the characterisations of arcs on the electrical power domain reaching 1. 4kW (14V, 100A, inductive), that the 14VDC arcs could be as damaging as the 42VDC arcs. Two concepts of “arc resistant” connectors are implemented: the connector provided with a magnetic blowing device and the connector provided with a resistive film. For theses concepts, the rating of the constitutive parameters, the study on the validity and voltage and current limits are carried out
Bordegaray, Céline. "Comportement dynamique des directions assistées électriques automobiles : théorie et expérimentation." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAL0007.
Full textThe aim of the study is to understand and determine the dynamic behavior of electric power steering systems (EPS) in order to decrease noise and vibrations in the system. A global model of EPS is useful to achieve this goal: dynamic models of gears (worm gear and rack and pinion) are developed. Those models are non linear and take into account backlash. Some tests are carried out to correlate and validate those models. Encoders are used to measure precisely gears rotations. The influence of assembly errors and temperature on the dynamic behavior of worm gears is studied. An analysis of the propagation of vibrations in the system which is submitted to rotation of the steering wheel is made
Codani, Paul. "Integration des véhicules électriques dans les réseaux électriques : Modèles d’affaire et contraintes techniques pour constructeurs automobiles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC073/document.
Full textElectric vehicles (EVs) penetration has been rapidly increasing during the last few years. If not managed properly, the charging process of EVs could jeopardize electric grid operations. On the other hand, Grid Integrated Vehicles (GIVs), i.e. vehicles whose charging and discharging patterns are smartly controlled, could turn into valuable assets for the electrical grids as distributed storage units.In this thesis, GIVs are studied from a technical, regulatory, and economics perspectives. First, the general framework for a smart grid integration of EVs is reviewed: application areas and benchmark scenarios are described, the main actors are listed, and the most important challenges are analyzed.Then, the emphasis is put on system wide services, and more particularly on frequency control mechanisms. The regulatory conditions enabling the participation of GIV fleets to this service are studied based on an intensive survey of existing transmission system operator rules. Several economics and technical simulations are performed for various market designs.Then, local grid services are investigated. A representative eco-district is modeled, considering various consumption units and distributed generation. A local energy management system is proposed; it is responsible for controlling the charging / discharging patterns of the GIVs which are located in the district in order to mitigate the overloading conditions of the eco-district transformer. Economic consequences are derived from this technical analysis.At last, some experimental results are presented. They show the behavior of two GIVs, including one with bidirectional capabilities. The experimental proof of concepts confirm the theoretical abilities of GIVs: they are very fast responding units (even considering the complete required IT architecture) and are able to follow grid signals very accurately
Jaljal, Nawal. "Optimisation énergétique en temps réel par modèles réduits d'une chaîne de traction hybride avec prise en compte des transitoires thermiques." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2350.
Full textThis thesis fits in the context of the control and the reduction of the consumption of a hybrid powertrain. Statistical studies show that a motorist daily journey reaches approximately 8 km and its average duration is lower than 12 min. The prevalence of short journeys implies that the engine always works in thermal transients what leads to overconsumption of fuel. This reality is even truer in the case of a hybrid vehicle because since the thermal engine functions for longer than on a conventional vehicle. We have built a dynamic model of synthesis able to describe in real time all the physical phenomena at stake. This model is at the same time representative, precise, simple, modular and fast enough to be on an embarked vehicle. On the one hand, we have developed and/or adapted the thermal model of every organ to predict the temperatures. The need to have models of small sizes forces us to reduce them. We develop a new methodology of reduction: the resolution of the equations of the model with the redistribution of flows. Enriched by a so called “reduction by groups” technique, this method also becomes integrated into a global process of reduction of models of several thousands nodes (CAD). On the other hand, we elaborated a simplified strategy of optimization which takes into account the thermal dimension and which is based on the representation of the heat engine by “Willans Lines”. The whole of the thermal models and the simplified optimization strategy was been integrated in a flat one software shape and then validated by tests to estimate the interest of a thermal management on the consumption of the hybrid powertrain
Davin, Tanguy. "Refroidissement des moteurs électriques : exploration des solutions à huile de lubrification." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0003/document.
Full textElectric motor is one of the most important elements of an electric vehicle. Some elements, particularly the windings, can be affected by rising heat. External cooling, as water jacket in the case, appears to be limited because the losses generated in windings must pass through zones where conduction is very poor. Cooling in the core of the machine is preferable, but heat transfer with air is poor. Due to the presence of lubricating oil in the vicinity of the motor and the heat transfer enhancement that such a liquid provides, oil circulation on the windings has been considered.The research was first dedicated to an extensive bibliography on the different solutions of motor cooling. Then heat transfer within the motor was modelled by using the lumped system analysis. Thanks to a sensitivity analysis, the main parameters affecting temperature have been identified before cooling systems were modelled. Finally, tests were performed on a specially designed bench. Oil was introduced at each side of the machine to directly cool the stator coil end-windings. Several oil injection patterns were tested. The influence of the oil flow rate, rotation speed and oil temperature has been investigated.The objective of this PHD study is to analyse all the thermal issues related to the oil cooling systems. This is a comparative study of the performance of the oil cooling solutions. Comparison is also done with conventional water cooling
Rosazza, Prin Gabriele. "Fiabilisation des connecteurs électriques utilisés pour les fonctions de diagnostic embarqué des automobiles." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112096.
Full textThe object of this work is the improvement of the reliability of electrical connectors mounted on vehicles with diagnostic functions. We focus on the crimp. Some failures observed on airbag and belt retainer diagnostic circuits hint at crimping resistance instabilities, due to vibrations and external solicitations (thermal, atmospheric, chemical). After a reminder of general notions on electrical contact, mainly in low-level circuits, we present crimping main characteristics and technology. Then we report a synthesis of the bibliography on the subject; it consists mainly of technical documents. The objective of the third chapter is to evaluate the influence of the environment and, above all, of mechanical solicitations, on the crimping electrical behavior. The test setups developed to mechanically stress the crimped terminals succeed in reproducing the appearance of the failures. Mechanical solicitations, coupled with thermal wearing cycles, appear as a sound way to test the reliability of on-vehicle connectors. Then we present a new measurement method, that allows to obtain the interstrand and strand-barrel electrical contact resistances. Results are given for crimped terminals on 12 and 7 strand wires, with different section reduction ratios; some samples are tested after thermal solicitations. We explore the elastic backspring phenomena: a mechanical device allows to progressively apply a measurable force on the crimping wings, thus improving electrical conduction. These results have given us an idea for a technological solution, which has been patented. Finally, we analyze more thoroughly the resistance measurement results, to estimate the electrical surface really used for conduction
Zhu, Ye. "Modélisation simplifiée et méthodologie d'intégration des faisceaux électriques dans les simulations numériques pour des applications de pré-dimensionnement CEM en avance de phase." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21789.
Full textKuhn, Emmanuel. "Contribution à la conception optimale d'une motorisation hybride parallèle : Choix d'un modèle d'accumulateur." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1520.
Full textThis work deals with the dynamical and energetical modeling of a 42 V NiMH battery, the model of which is taking into account into a control law for an hybrid electrical vehicle. Using an inventory of the electrochemical phenomena, an equivalent electrical scheme has been established. Ln this model, diffusion phenomena were represented using non integer derivatives. This tool leads to a very good approximation of diffusion phenomena, nevertheless such a pure mathematical approach did not allow to represent energeticallosses inside the battery. Consequently, a second model, made of a serie of electric circuits has been proposed to represent energetical transfers. This second model has been used in the determination of a control law which warrants an autonomous management of electrical energy embedded in a parallel hybrid electrical vehicle, and to prevent deep discharge of the battery
Solano, Araque Edwin. "De l’ergonomie automobile à l’optimisation de la conduite automatisée. Application à l’écoconduite des véhicules électriques." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3059.
Full textIn the framework of this dissertation, we will focus on Eco-driving and, particularly on eco-maneuvers, taking into account constraints associated to infrastructure and traffic, as well as with drivability. Additionally, we will take inspiration on Cognitive Principles for the algorithm design; it will allow to reinforce algorithm’s effectiveness and modularity. Easiness of calibration will also be an important concern for our work. Our whole discussion focuses on Battery Electric Vehicles. However, the proposed principles may be adapted for their application for other types of powertrain.Our work treats three main topics: on one side, Driving Ergonomics, allowing to determine some criteria on drivability ; we will also propose a modelling of the driver allowing to take into account ergonomics considerations. Finally, we will assess our hypothesis with respect with driver behavior on real situations, by applying an innovative methodology for the analysis of actual driving records. Next we will focus on Energy Model of the vehicle and of driving maneuvers, as well as to the assessment of energy gain potential associated to several Eco-driving strategies; the origin of these gains is also studied. Finally, we propose a Control Algorithm allowing to execute driving eco-maneuvers, while taking into account drivability criteria. The global algorithm structure is based on cognitive principles presented earlier. These function consists of several subsystems, which improves its modularity, and enforces its potential to operate within real-time constraints, and simplifies calibrations ; these both are major advantages for an industrial application
Zaepffel, Clément. "Etude expérimentale et numérique d’une décharge électrique appliquée à l’allumage d’un milieu réactif." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2073.
Full textPraquin, Jérôme. "Étude des revêtements et des paramètres de fonctionnement électrique, climatique et mécanique sur la conduction et la commutation de faibles courants des contacts électriques de type membrane." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S094.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to explore, understand and master the different electrical properties of electrical contacts made of flexible carbon membranes, which switch on metal tracks on a printed circuit board. These contacts are increasingly used in the automobile because they have interesting mechanical properties for the user, while providing a good reliability. At first, the electrical and mechanical parameters of these contacts are characterized, the switching phenomena on various types of loads are studied and the influence of contaminants and corrosion on the electrical conduction is examined. The evolution of insulation resistance in the presence of moisture is quantified. In a second step, an approach to reliability is achieved: the evolution of electrical and mechanical parameters of these contacts is studied when subjected to environmental stresses, especially moist and heat. The main types of damage are considered. We show in particular that mechanical failures come mainly from polymer and electrical failures from the PCB. The influence of a gold-plated printed for different thicknesses system side, is also studied. Our work continues with a slightly more fundamental study on switching phenomena in the presence of carbon materials. In this pioneering work, the optical signatures are discussed at the current break. A phenomenon called "glowing" is highlighted; limits current and voltage between "glowing" and electrical arcing are given, and compared with respect to the phenomena switching phenomena in metal contacts - type metal. The study concludes with a summary review on the use of contacts comprising a carbon pill, with their advantages and limitations
Tanguy, Kevin. "Modélisation et optimisation de la recharge bidirectionnelle de véhicules électriques : application à la régulation électrique d'un complexe immobilier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30390/30390.pdf.
Full textThe democratization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles along with purely electric vehicles causes an increased electric demand on the power grid. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) aim to bring an appropriate response to this increased demand, by not simply considering vehicles as loads for the grid but as actors making bidirectionnal exchanges. The works presented in this master’s thesis show, with real data on the Université Laval campus, a modelling of vehicle fleets and the application of a linear optimization model, that V2B can provide financial gain shared between the actors of the system, while charging the vehicles efficiently.
Al-Sheikh, Hiba. "Contribution au diagnostic des systèmes de conversion électrique : application au convertisseur DC/DC utilisé dans les véhicules électriques hybrides." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES058.
Full textRecent advances in power electronics played a major role in the progress of hybrid electric vehicles. Nowadays, power converters are being intensively used in hybrid vehicles to convert power at different levels and to drive various loads. With this intensive use of power converters in modern hybrid vehicles rises the need for efficient methods of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis to ensure the reliability, safety, and availability of the automotive electrical powertrain. Thus, this dissertation contributes to the diagnosis of faults in power converter systems. The objective is to come up with a diagnostic strategy suitable for power electronics converters and apply it to a DC/DC converter interfacing a hybrid battery/ultracapacitor energy storage system and the electric traction drive in a hybrid electric vehicle. First, a sensor fault diagnosis scheme that utilizes a bank of Kalman filters suitable for switching systems is proposed. For fault detection, a GLR test with a threshold determined using ROC curves is proposed to reduce the likelihood of false alarms and increase the probability of correct detection. Second, the existing measurements were further utilized in a model-free signal-processing scheme to detect and identify power semiconductor faults in the converter. Finally, the proposed approaches were tested on a prototype of the examined power converter
Dang, Thanh Thuy Van. "Méthodes pour l'analyse de cycle de vie des batteries lithium-ion des véhicules électriques." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0051.
Full textA framework enabling an application of Life Cycle Assessment approach to various technologies of Lithium-ion Electric Vehicles batteries is created. It encompasses all the life cycle of the product (Manufacturing – Use – End of Life). More precisely, a specific LCA database for Li-ion batteries is constructed and batteries life cycle is successfully modeled. Others difficulties are discussed and solved during this works, such as the choice of batteries functional unit, system modularity, uncertainties of the Use phase and of batteries' lifetime, allocation rules for batteries End of Life… A sensibility analysis is carried out and shows that LCA results strongly depend on chosen data and scenarios. Main conclusions obtained from the base case of our studies are: - Climate change potential of a battery is about 10 - 15 kg CO2 éq/kg of batteries. This amount takes into account the manufacturing and the end of life. Others environmental impacts are also quantified (regional impacts such as acidification, eutrophisation; human toxicity and ecotoxicity…). - Batteries LCA results are sensitive regarding to the choice of its materials, of the manufacturing processes and of the geographic parameters. - Materials recovery during the End of Life phase leads to environmental benefit for the global impacts of the batteries. However, it depends on the recycling process (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical), as well as on the nature of recovered materials. - Batteries leasing scenario can help minimizing environmental impacts of Electric Vehicles park. In order to facilitate eco-conception of Li-ion batteries, a simplified LCA model is created, which reduces times and costs of future LCA studies while ensuring the same accuracy
Hildermeier, Julia. "How Ideas Change Markets : Social and Semantic Construction(s) of Automobility in 21st century Europe." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0022.
Full textThis PhD thesis seeks to understand how institutional paths emerge, theoretically and empirically. Taking the case of the European automobile industry and culture it revisits how path dependency can emerge historically (chapter 1) and theoretical patterns of path production (chapter 2). Based on qualitative research design (chapter 3), the case study identifies possibilities of path rupture through environmental conflicts in automobile history (chapter 4 and 5). It shows that through path ruptures and the emergence of new paths following new environmental requirements, 21st century automobility builds pluralistic and more heterogeneous semantic and organizational structures. Geographic and local conditions such as city planning and infrastructure matter in shaping vehicle use and culture in the future, as well does the distribution of decision making power on different political levels. Chapter 6summarize s and reflects the results of my micro-analytical study as parts of an emerging theory of path creation. If the analyzed trajectories of scenarios for the automobile sector become reality, either electrified automobility or electric multimodality, depends on whether they build a coherent narrative that ‘make sense’ of offer, demand and regulation in the sector. The case study showed that these coherent narratives can emerge when conflicts render visible already existing counter-narratives. These counter-narratives emerge in situations of crisis, such as when new environmental regulation determines technological development and behavioural adaptation in automobility. Once accepted, they create a new path – a new semantic and organizational structure in society
Meynet, Yannick. "Etude expérimentale des écoulements de Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille en entrefer encoché : Application aux machines électriques automobiles." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0001.
Full textThe present work aimed to experimentally study the flow and heat transfer in a configuration corresponding to the gap of an automotive electrical motor (a thin airlayer between the rotating (rotor) and stationary (stator) parts.) Two rotor geometries are studied: one cylindrical and the other one with four slots which reproduce a synchronous motor used in automotive traction. An axial flow is superimposed to the rotation flow thanks to a ventilation system. The two most important parameters are axial Reynolds number and rotational Reynolds number. Velocity measurements are performed by PIV and heat transfer by infrared thermography coupled with heated thin foils. A complex counter rotational vortex flow has been recorded in the slots. Moreover, this slot flow seems to interact with the pole flow in the inlet region. This interaction seems to disappear rapidly after entrance area. Heat transfer rate is 3D, with great differences between the two slots faces and the pole. Classically, heat transfer rate grows with increasing axial Reynolds number. The relation between heat transfer rate and rotation Reynolds number is more complex
Duval, Fabrice. "Gestion du cablage des masses électriques dans un véhicule automobile : application C.E.M." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112291.
Full textThis thesis is dealing with the development of a tool for supporting decision on problems related to ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) in big systems such as motor vehicles. To understand which parameters had to be taken into account in order to get consistent results from the measurements implemented on vehicle was the highest difficulty. We have been focussed on characterising the bundles in vehicles. We have been as well tackling the study of the behaviour of the ground plane linked to very strong electrical direct currents. In order to address these aspects we have been using the PEEC method (PEEC for Partial Element Equivalent Circuit) because of its easy implementation as well as of the possibility of using it for a wide range of frequencies. The report is composed of three chapters. The first one presents the bases of electromagnetism applied to big systems’ EMC. A particular attention is turned to ground planes which are used as return conductor as well as voltage reference. In the second chapter, we present the PEEC method and the methodology which was set up for developing the software in order to obtain the best performances possible. This software has been validated on a set of test cases. The tool’s application to an industrial case is dealt with in the last chapter and enables to understand the phenomena of resonance created by the different elements connected by a bundle. The modelling of the components allows completing the model thus generated
Abbas, Mickaël. "Modélisation et optimisation du sertissage de connecteurs électriques utilisés dans l'industrie automobile." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1426.
Full textChevrié, Mathieu. "Modélisation électrothermique de composants électriques et électroniques automobiles et estimation des résistances de contact dans les connecteurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0079.
Full textAn automotive electrical connector contains electrical contact points subject to additional temperature rises by Joule effect caused by their contact resistances. The deterioration of a contact resistance can cause critical overheating at the contact points. This study proposes two approaches to detect abnormal changes in contact resistance. The first one, applied to an automotive electric case connector, relies on a model-based diagnosis to detect an abnormal variation in the contact resistance with respect to its nominal value. The second one, applied toan electric vehicle charging connector, consists in estimating a heat flow related to the Joule effect caused by the contact resistance. The value of the latter is then estimated using the least squares.These approaches rely on electrothermal models considered connectors and their environments.This study also presents the development of these models, including the optimization of the mesh of an electrical wire based on the minimization of the H2-norm of the error between ameshed integer order model and a reference analytical fractional order model
Villareal, Axel. "L'industrie automobile à l'épreuve des voitures électriques : entre changement et continuité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0398/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to generate knowledge upon change within contemporary industries and apply tools from political science to the analysis of the economy. Through the case study of the electric car market, the focus is on the causes of the transformation of the automobile industry. The central claim made is that the social construction of the electric car market between 2008 and 2013, did not produce the “Revolution” announced by the actors involved in this industry. On the contrary, it has facilitated the reproduction of existing industrial structures and hierarchies. To demonstrate this claim, the thesis has sought to understand how the issue of the development of electric cars has been elevated to the status of public problem by several States around the world. From there, we then sought to discover how this “problem” has become a consensual strategic framework for automakers and a key issue within the automobile industry. Throughout this research, we highlight the impact of beliefs and collective representations upon economic activity, and deconstructed the myth of the “Second Automobile Revolution”. Furthermore, our work shows that political science, specifically the sociology of public action, can supply heuristic analytical tools and practical answers to the understanding of contemporary industries and capitalism. This thesis is thus a contribution to questions asked by sociologists, economists and political scientists about economic change
Bainée, Jonathan. "Conditions d’émergence et de diffusion de l’automobile électrique : une analyse en termes de "bien-système territorialisé"." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010079.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to assess the features of the « window of emergence » of the contemporary electric car and thus, raises both theoretical and industrial issues. This work belong to the evolutionary economics and, more specifically, is structured around the multilevel perspective (Geels, 2002), from which it forms an application but also an extension. In the multi-level framework, we understand the emergence of the electric car as the non-linear transition from a socio-technical system based on a conventional internal combustion car to a new socio-technical system based on the electromobility. More specifically, we speak of electromobility systems, because we understand the electric car as a « territorialized systemgood ». A system-good mostly because its range is constrained by access to charging infrastructure and because of the storage performance of its batteries. A territorialized systemgood especially because the travel of users are deeply anchored in the territories, including in their temporality. The major milestones are to identify the techno-economical weakness of the emergence of the electric car and to derive four typical forms of emergence. Our main result is to identify channels, the sequences and the vectors of emergence and spread of the electric car and, more generally, of territorialized system goods
Termous, Hussein. "Approche hiérarchisée pour le contrôle global du châssis d'un véhicule électrique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0081.
Full textRoad transportation is shifting significantly toward electrification around the globe. A market for light electric mobility solutions had emerged where all-in-wheel devices are expected to play an important role in this new trend. This technology offers new opportunities and raises new challenges in Global Chassis Control (GCC) that rises, recently, to remarkable levels. This study is based on a supervision control approach for vertical, longitudinal, and lateral control in light electric vehicles. The developed control system designs rely on the CRONE method which can ensure the robustness of the stability degree against the system parametric variations. For vertical dynamics, various control solu-tions are developed for automotive suspensions to improve passenger comfort and road holding. For longitudinal dynamics, a study for the ABS function is done for braking system enhancement while considering the effect of the vertical dynamics. Then, a combination of ABS control and suspension control is presented in the sense of reducing the deterioration effect of vertical dynamics. Finally, the work is concerned by the development of vehicle lateral stability control, where the effect of the vehicle vertical dynamics was analyzed. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategies in enhancing the vehicle comfort, handling, and safety. Moreover, the well understanding of the influence of the vertical dynamics, as well as the key role of the controlled suspension on other vehicle dynamics, will open up new prospects to the development of new strategies for global chassis control of light electric vehicle
Takorabet, Azeddine. "Dimensionnement d’une machine à double excitation de structure innovante pour une application alternateur automobile : comparaison à des structures classiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505148/fr/.
Full textThe increase of electrical power demand in vehicles and requirements for machines for hybrid vehicles encouraged to explore alternative structures of machines to the claw pole alternator. Here, an innovative structure with double parallel excitation has been studied for the alternator needs. The introduction of the magnets provides a huge increasing of power, it has been highlighted by comparing this structure to a conventional salient pole machine, the power has been squarely lined. The specification fixed (3. 2 kW) for this study was achieved without difficulties. The double excitation chosen allows the flux weakening, and therefore the output control with a simple diode bridge rectifier. The experimental and theoretical study has shown the effectiveness of the flux control by rotor current and without any risk of demagnetization of magnets. The experimental comparison in the same dimensions with a claw pole structure with interpolar magnets shows the supremacy of this latest one. In output due to its global excitation coil allowing more ampere turns, and in efficiency for low power due to its total and local field weakening. However, for high power, the double excitation machine, with its two dimensional structure, has more efficiency due to its low iron loss. Further study may show a good positioning of this structure for engine applications in hybrid vehicles. A little comparison of performance with the claw pole machine showed that this one is not automatically better
Diouf, Fatou. "Characterization of DC motors impedances for EMI prediction purposes." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES037.
Full textThe prediction of conducted emissions is essential in determining the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of a device. DC motors are usually modeled as a source and its series impedance for electromagnetic interference (EMI) prediction purposes. In previous research only the impedance of the armature was included, while the effect of the rotating motor was neglected. In the presented work, the behavior of the low voltage DC motors impedance is studied over a large frequency range [0Hz-200MHz] as well as the impact of the dynamic mode on its behavior. The impedance measurements are performed using a small signal method based on conducted susceptibility measurement setups, the same method used in military standards (MIL-STD). Different test setups are implemented in accordance with the European standards (CISPR25). The measurements are performed on the motor’s armature, the DC motor under static mode, and on the DC motor under operating mode. These measurements provide satisfying results for the wideband impedance of the rotating DC motor and highlight the impact of the stator and suppression filters in the low frequency range. The results also highlight the role of the parasitic inductances and capacitances in the high frequency range. The results were compared with those found via other measurement techniques to prove their accuracy. Finally, the resulting impedances are modeled as a passive impedance network
Pellerey, Pierre. "Étude et optimisation du comportement vibro-acoustique des machines électriques : application au domaine automobile." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2047.
Full textThis study focuses on the vibro-acoustic behavior of the electrical machines dedicated to the automotive traction. The literature generally implies analytical formulations to predict both the air gap magnetic forces that deform the stator and the vibro-acoustic response of this one. In a first part, the present contribution also takes advantage of a certain amount of analytical developments to understand clearly the properties of the magnetic and vibro-acoustic phenomenon. However, numerical tools, such as finite element models, are used in a second part to investigate in details the characteristics of these two physics. We present a methodology to couple the 2D non-linear electromagnetic finite element model of the electrical machine to its associated 3D linear structural finite element model in an efficient way. The structural model takes into account, both the complexity of the complete power train (made of the wound rotor synchronous machine, the gearbox and different housings) and the different links between its elements (e. G. The contact between the rotor and the gearbox, the contacts between the housings. . . ). The results of this coupling, experimentally validated on a full run up with very good agreement (<5 dB), will allow to go over the limitations of the traditional analytical models and will highlight new phenomena. Then, this numerical tool will allow precisely investigating the vibro-acoustic impact of a certain amount of complex physic phenomena. Among which, the rotor dynamic eccentricities, the current supply harmonics, the tangential component of the air gap magnetic forces, the rotor vibrations. . . All these studies will demonstrate that the vibroacoustic behavior of a complex and real structure is far away from what is predicted by a simple model like generally used in the literature. Finally, we intend some optimizations of the electrical machine design to reduce the vibro-acoustic levels of the complete power train for the full working range. It is shown that it is possible to reduce in a significant way the vibrations without strongly affecting the machine performances
Picon, Thomas. "Etude de la vulnérabilité de systèmes électriques/électroniques automobiles vis-à-vis d’attaques électromagnétiques intentionnelles : analyse de risques et contre-mesures." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0176.
Full textIntentional electromagnetic interferences (IEMI) consist of taking advantage of the EM vul-nerability of an electronic system in order to force it to put itself in a dysfunction mode. Many sources have been designed since the 90s and have proven that they are able to disrupt a vehicle.In this context, the goal of this thesis is to study the vulnerability of electric or electronic sys-tems of a vehicle to cope with intentional electromagnetic attacks. Two main parts were needed to propose a methodology to consider the IEMI threat in the design of the future vehicles.The first part allowed to obtain, by numerical simulation, the waveforms of the currents in-duced on automotive wire harnesses located in a vehicle for any IEMI attack configuration. Thanks to these results, a quantification of these currents in terms of waveform characteristics in time-domain and probable amplitude levels was realized and allowed to analyze the IEMI risk for a car manufacturer.The second part considered the IEMI threat by developing a table test bench designed ac-cording to the results of the risk analysis of the first part. Two test bench solutions adapted to IEMI signals have been proposed in order to test automotive equipment with the probable IEMI interferences during an attack on a vehicle
Maker, Hattab. "Optimisation et gestion d'énergie pour un système hybride : association pile à combustible et supercondensateurs." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2031.
Full textThis thesis deals with contribution to problem solving of power management in fuel cell vehicle. This vehicle is equipped with a fuel cell PEMFC, used as the main source and a supercapacitors module as an auxiliary source. The adaptation levels of the voltage between sources and load in the vehicle requires two DC-DC converters, the first is a Boost, the second is a Buck / Boost, to regulate the DC link voltage and to impose the power required by the load. With an aim of establishing an optimal control of the power management in fuel cell vehicle. It is to calculate the reference power of the supercapacitors which minimizes energy provided by the fuel cell, starting from the power demanded from the load (motorization and auxiliaries). This control law must take into account the constraints imposed on the system. These constraints relate to the limitation of the power of the fuel cell and its dynamic response. The power management in fuel cell vehicle allow to determine the reference supercapacitors pack current trajectory which is regulated by sliding mode control via the bidirectional DC-DC converter. The dc link voltage is regulated also by sliding mode control via the unidirectional DC-DC converter
Camara, Mamadou Baïlo. "Supercondensateurs pour échange dynamique d'énergie à bord du véhicule électrique hybride : modélisation, étude des convertisseurs et commande." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2060.
Full textThis subject is the continuity of the works started at L2ES Laboratory within the framework of ECCE program in collaboration with CREEBEL which ensures the financial support. ECCE test bench is a series electrical hybrid vehicle with 4 independent wheels and a rated power of 120kW. The main energy source consists of two diesel motors and each is coupled to one alternator. The produced energy feeds 4 electric traction motors; the remainder is stored by the batteries. This thesis presents the energy coupling strategies between these batteries and the supercapacitors to ensure dynamics in energy supply and storage for the hybrid vehicle. A bibliographical study has allowed to review technical progress and the available applications of the supercapacitors. A simplified model of supercapacitors which accurately translates the behavior of the cells during the charge and discharge is developed. Several DC/DC converters topologies with original strategies of embarked power management are developed. These topologies are based on the Buck-Boost converters and DC/AC-AC/DC converters with high frequency planar transformer. For cost raisons, the experimental test benches have been designed at a reduced scale (1/10). The experimental results obtained have allowed to compare the topologies performances for two control strategies. The polynomial control strategy (RST) is compared to classical PI correctors. These comparative studies have allowed choosing the best topology intended for the supercapacitors coupling to ECCE DC-bus
Upadhayay, Pranshu. "Conceptions de machines électriques à trajectoires de flux 3D pour application automobiles considerant la réutilisation et le recyclage des aimants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT103/document.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis aims at developing a permanent magnet based claw-pole machine for automotive application with permanent magnet reuse and recycle concept. The aforesaid research is under the aegis of Project DEMETER which is in the framework of European Union’s Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions. The project focuses on the recovery of rare earth permanent magnets utilized in automotive applications due to the prevailing problems of price fluctuations and supply-demand issues of these permanent magnets.The claw-pole machine is employed in almost all of the automobiles in the world for alternator application. With the increase in power demands, the claw-pole machine is also being developed as a motor-generator utilized in the hybrid electric vehicles. At present the permanent magnet based claw-pole machine is being used in mild hybrid electric vehicles for energy savings. The literature is replete with various configurations of claw-pole machines that can be developed to achieve better performances. However, easy assembly and disassembly of various parts of the machine is also important for the reuse and recycle of magnets. In this research work two concepts have been developed; first, the direct reuse concept i.e. easy assembly/disassembly of the rotor and magnets, so as to easily take out the magnets for direct reuse or recycle and; second, the direct recycle concept i.e. utilization of recycled magnets in the machine to achieve the desired performance.In the course of this research the base design of the claw-pole machine was developed, analyzed and optimized so as to attain best torque versus magnet-weight ratio. This helped in the reduction of magnet cost for almost the same torque. The optimization was carried out using 3-D numerical analysis. The optimized model was developed in a way that the assembly process of the magnets and claw-poles remained the same. However, during disassembly the magnets can easily be withdrawn without disassembling the complete rotor; therefore utilizing these magnets for direct reuse in other applications or sent for recycling. In the direct recycle concept, the magnets used in the machine are recycled magnets with deteriorated performance. The type of recycling process is a strong determinant of the deterioration in performance of these recycled magnets. The aim of the direct recycle concept was to analyze the machine with virgin and recycled magnets, and evaluate the energy consumption of the machine under different drive cycles. It was observed that with utilization of recycled magnets in the claw-pole machine, the energy consumption was almost same as that of the machine with virgin magnets. Thus it can be concluded that for the permanent magnet based claw-pole machine, the utilization of recycled magnets is more sustainable for the environment as it can lead to consequential limits on the mining of rare earth materials. The price fluctuations and supply-demand problems can also be reduced with the increase in utilization of recycled magnets, albeit policy and norms are effectuated.The prototype of the machine with virgin magnets have been developed and tested for performance. It has been observed that the experimental results match fairly well with the design analysis results, hence validating the design process and methodology
Mainnemare, Florian. "Modélisation du point de soudure électrique pour la tenue en service des structures automobiles." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST091.
Full textThe electric spot weld is a small object (4 to 8 mm) but it is repeated a large number of times in the automotive structure (about 5000 times). Moreover, as the structure has dimensions of several meters, it is necessary to mesh the numerical model relatively coarsely (mesh size of about 5 mm) in order to limit the computational cost associated with the design loading cases. Therefore, a numerical model of the electric spot weld with a low-cost is required. The model must also allow access to local stress fields with the best possible accuracy for the fatigue analysis, for which the electric spot weld is one of the main weak points of the structure. However, the apparent geometrical simplicity of the electric spot weld has led to the use of very simple models to represent it, which do not give a good estimate of the lifetime of some electric spot welds located too close to geometrical or structural details (sheet metal edge, curved edge, hole, other electric spot weld, glue bead, etc.) or subjected to solicitations that are not well taken into account, such as torsion. Finally, the electric spot weld model must be at a low numerical cost but accurate both in its stiffness and in its local stress estimation, for all loading configurations.Thus, the objective of this thesis is to propose an electric spot weld model, which accurately represents the real stiffness on the one hand and the local stress quantities on the other hand. This model must be developed from commercial calculation tools and be easily integrated into them. It is mainly intended for fatigue analysis but it would be advantageous if it could also be used for vibration analysis.In this work, we propose a generic methodology for modeling the electric spot weld, in a shell automotive structure environment, to accurately and efficiently estimate the fatigue life. On the one hand, a super-element type connector model based on an underlying fine 3D modeling is proposed : this choice allows to obtain an equivalent stiffness representative of a 3D model with an obviously lower cost. On the other hand, a method for reconstructing the local stress from the connector displacements is developed. This method uses a POD algorithm in the sense of the energy norm that extracts information from a learning basis and sorts it according to its mechanical contribution. The learning basis is built from a carefully chosen library of loads that can be applied to the electric spot weld. It can be renewed according to the geometrical or structural evolutions of the electric spot weld environment. We show that our method gives an accurate estimate of the stress, with a strong mechanical sense that could be taken advantage of during fatigue design. The development of this work has been done in the commercial codes Nastran®, Abaqus® and Matlab®
Celnikier, Yoshua. "Contribution à l'étude de la fatigue et de l'optimisation de fils de connexions électriques pour l'intégration mécatronique automobile." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0020.
Full textIn power electronics, converters ensure the energy transfer between different systems (battery, motor, super-capacitors…). Their packages are complex and include transistors by which cross high current densities. Wire connections are bonded from the top of the chip to a substrate, draining the current. Both self-heating of active devices and wires bonding provoke cyclically expansion/compression into the connections, leading to mechanical fatigue. This thesis focuses first on the fatigue resistance of the wire connection submitted to given electro-thermal stresses and, regarding the damage mechanism, secondly on the search of its optimal configuration as a function of using conditions, in order to provide a solution for power mechatronic integration
El, Mossouess Sofiane. "Étude de la conduction des liaisons électriques en vibration ou non des systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S149.
Full textElectrical connections used in automobiles are subject to vibration forces causing repetitive micro-sliding which is at the origin of significant electrical and mechanical damage. The thesis research performed has allowed us to better understand the phenomena in play when a contact is subject to vibrations and has contributed to the development of knowledge and to the resolution of connection problems in specific cases. In fact, the phenomenon called fretting-corrosion leads to complex faults in automotive connections. In low power level connections, it causes erroneous transmission errors or the absence of signal between different components (e.g. sensors, computers, etc.) while in power connections, this phenomenon produces heating due to the Joule Effect but also the intermittent appearance of electrical arcs (> 6000 K) during vibrations. This excessive heating causes the materials constituting the connector housing to soften. This could lead to the modification of the applied contact force of the latter and in addition, the acceleration of mechanical wear between the two parts in dynamical contact. In addition, the analysis of parameters (current, coatings of the substrate, thicknesses of coatings) which influence this phenomenon, were performed during this research
Ly, Pascal. "Commande optimale de l'alterno démarreur avec prise en compte de la saturation magnétique." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1456.
Full textThis report deals with a method to research optimal control laws of an induction starter generator. The developed method allows to seek the best references (voltage and slip frequency) in steady state in starter and generator modes in order to reach the objectives and respect constraints. This method allows also to reach the maximal working space of the machine: torque or power in relation to the speed. The sinusoidal drive is favorite but surmodulation drive is also considered for high speeêl in order to impose the flux even if limit voltage of the battery is reach. Ln order to warrant the robustness of the control, an off line identification of the machine parameters is proposed taking into account magnetic saturation of the inductances
Dudezert, Christophe. "Fatigue des batteries Li-ion dans le cadre d'une utilisation véhicule électrique : impact des conditions d'utilisation sur le vieillissement." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112350.
Full textThe development of Li-ion, in recent decades has contributed to the establishment of standards in terms of mobility. The demand for miniaturization and performance then favored the develpment of secure storage systems and high autonomy, rather than sustainable. The use of these batteries, as part of an automotive appliaction, for which cycle life are defined for periods of 6 to 15 years, pushes the standards. For this application, aging has become a leading criterion in choosing a technology. From this observation arises the need to develop theorical and experimental tools able to assess and ensure a long service life of the battery. Given the diversity of uses in automotive domain, the need for rapid characterization and complexity inherent in the Li-ion systems, the aging problem of a "vehicle powertrain" has been addressed by an elctrochemical "fatigue" approach inspired from mechanical fatigue studies
Olivas, Carrion Marc. "Communications sur le réseau d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule : modélisation et analyse du canal de propagation." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Carrion.pdf.
Full textBoujelben, Majed. "Etude énergétique et environnementale d'un véhicule hybride en vue de l'optimisation du microbus GRUAU." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0051/these.pdf.
Full textUrban buses must deal with the challenge of decreasing local discharges such as air pollution and noise. Hybrid driveline could be a technological response to these requirements. In this context, the GRUAU company in Laval France, a body-constructer for light commercial vehicles, is manufacturing a full-hybrid plug-in microbus. Theoretically, this vehicle presents many advantages but some problems appeared when used. That's why; GRUAU engaged a study based up on experiments and simulations to analyze and to optimize the vehicle energetic behavior. In this study, we succeeded to improve the vehicle's autonomy control while minimizing its fuel consumption. Some other prospects were also explored such as the replacement of the NiCd battery and the control of the ICE starting. With the whole of suggested optimizations, the energy assessments between the hybrid and the diesel microbus, carried out for a daily use, proved the advantage of the hybrid version in terms of fuel consumption and thereafter in terms of CO2 waste
Tran, Thanh-Ha. "Études thermiques du stockeur d'énergie électrique automobile." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0009/document.
Full textLithium-ion batteries, characterized by their high energy and power density, are highly recommended as power sources for electrified vehicles (HEV/PHEV/EV). However, lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to their environment and are prone to thermal runaway at high temperature. The goals of this thesis are to develop an accurate lithium-ion cell heat loss calculation method and to investigate the thermal performance of several cooling solutions for HEV/PHEV/EV batteries. The first part presents a global heat calculation procedure for lithium-ion cell which takes into account both the polarization heat and the entropic heat. This heat generation model was coupled with a cell two-dimensional thermal model in order to predict the cell’s temperature. Temperature estimations obtained by simulation for a 22 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite cell showed a very good agreement with experimental results. In the second part, thermal performances of several cooling solutions for HEV/PHEV/EV batteries (air, phase change material (PCM) and heat pipe) were evaluated experimentally under several heat rates and cooling conditions. Heat pipe cooling was found to be a promising cooling solution which works efficiently even under low rate ventilation cooling condition. The experimented PCM cooling system had very poor thermal performance, mainly due to the low thermal conductivity of the used PCM formulation. However, simulations showed that significant improvement could be achieved by using another alternative PCM formulation
Baysset, Guillaume. "Modélisation et simulation thermique de différentes architectures de chaine de traction d'un véhicule hybride." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0022.
Full textTo reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions, automotive manufacturers tend to turn increasingly towards electrified powertrains solutions, such as Hybrid Vehicles (HEV). Model Based System engineering (MBSE) and computational tools are useful to support the development of HEV systems. Global optimization needs to investigate the following system design level: architecture, component and control. The aim of this thesis is to develop a global optimization framework to design cooling system for hybrid vehicles. The methodology starts from a set of component and system requirements to automatically generate all possible system architectures. The generation of solution is based on a concept of decision tree. An energentical optimisation under hydraulic, thermal and integration cosntraitns is done on each solution generated. Finally, amulticritetria optimization is used as decision making tool to support engineers on system archtiecture choices early in the development process. This framework has been applied on a Renault project. Results showed that the system is highly dependent on its requirements. Changing system requirements can potentially modify the optimal system architecture regarding the system specifications
Freitas, Salgueiredo Camila. "Biomimicry and the low carbon vehicle : generation of innovative bio-inspired concepts using the C-K theory." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE021/document.
Full textBiologically inspired design, also called bioinspired design, biomimetics or biomimicryproposes the use of Nature, or biological knowledge, as a source of inspiration to improve orconceive new designs. Integrating the biologically inspired design approach into theinnovation process of companies could then allow the generation of more innovative and sustainable concepts.This thesis, realized during three years at a French automaker (Renault) research and development department had two objectives: to understand the mechanisms of the biologically inspired design and to apply this approach to a case belonging to an innovation field of the automotive sector.In order to understand the mechanisms of biologically inspired design we studied theliterature about bio-inspired concepts and inventions.We have chosen a design theory, the C-K theory, to analyse the design process of these literature examples. This allowed us to propose a model for bio-inspiration.We applied this model inspired by the C-K theory to the low carbon vehicle innovation field.This field includes the development of innovations allowing passenger cars to reduce theirenvironmental footprint, mainly the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Thecarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the climate change phenomena. Theidentification of the path where concept partitioning is required in this field began with theconstruction of a concepts space, using knowledge of company experts on the subject.Reorganizing these concepts and building a knowledge base on the strategies for CO2 emissions allowed us to map this innovation field. The vehicles with more than oneenergy source, such as electrified internal combustion engine vehicles and hybrid vehicleswere the path chosen for the research of bio-inspired concepts.A research about energy in nature led us to identify the energy in animal cells, particularlythose in humans as an interesting biological knowledge base. Human energy properties suchas cells with more than one kind of energy storage, with at least two metabolic pathways torecharge these stores are interesting to revise the knowledge about energy store andconversion in multi-energy vehicles. Besides, the human sportive performance has appearedto be an interesting knowledge base, as the training techniques and the running techniquesduring a race can influence the way athletes use their energy.These two biological bases have led us to formulate a bio-inspired concept based on therunning patterns observed in runners during races superior to 1500~m. The speed profilesrecorded show a spontaneous speed variation chosen by the runner, in order to better use itslimited anaerobic energy stores. For a vehicle, this could mean that varying its speed couldallow a lower fuel consumption than using a constant speed. This bio-inspired concept wasexplored in this thesis with the realization of tests in a dedicated test track and simulations. These tests show the potential of this concept for conventional vehicles and its limitations.This work opens the way for analysing the vehicle energetics in the light of human energetics.The versatility of human activities could help on the development of vehicles adapting todifferent use cases. Further research could also use the knowledge about the dynamic modelling of energy in vehicles to complete the empirical approaches used to model the human energy management, allowing a betteroptimization of running strategies. The study of the bio-inspiration process using a designtheory also allowed a better comprehension of the reasons for using this approach and of theconditions for successfully applying it in the innovative process of a company
Chauris, Nicolas. "Analyse par voies expérimentales et numérique de phénomènes thermohydrauliques au sein de caloducs plats : évaluation des performances en vue du refroidissement des batteries de véhicules électriques." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESMA0008.
Full textThe emergence of electrical motor vehicles en the French and/or Worldwide fleet stands for a real change in the automotive. Renault made the choice to initiate this change by reducing considerably the constraints linked to this kind of vehicle. One of these major constraints is the batteries loading duration; the other is their autonomy. Renault wants to establish some fast load devices allowing to reduce the loading duration to fifteen linutes approximately. For this, very high electrical powers must pass throuh the batteries, thus generating high heat losses. Considering these thermal stresses while minimizing the size, the cost of the cooling devices, and maximizing their life and safety, classical cooling solutions, such as gaseous or liquid convection, seem to be less suitable than other innovative solutions, such as cooling two-phase thermal spreaders. A two-phase heat spreader has thereby been designed in the context of this thesis in order to respond to this application. An experimental bench has been set-up in order to study the performances of the spreader, and to analyse its operations and distinguish the first order influence of several parameters. To assist this analysis, some specific hydraulic and thermal model approaches have been carried on. Finally, a demonstrator has been produced within the buildings of Renault, dedicated to the cooling of a four batteries pack by means of two heat spreaders. The experimental results are encouraging and permit to conceive the development of two-phase heat spreaders in this industrial sector
Boucharel, Paul. "Conception des lois de commande optimales pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité globale d'une chaîne de traction automobile." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT060H.
Full textThe main aim of the study is to determine the minimal fuel consumption of a parallel hybrid vehicle that fulfill the driver's request. First, a model representing the energy flows inside the vehicle was set. Then local control algorithms were developed to determine the optimal gear ratio and torque repartition between the motors by minimizing a criterion including consumption and driveability aspects. A second point of the thesis consists in extracting the optimal behavior of the car on a planned trip. A global optimization that computes the minimal consumption on the planned trip was developed. Considering a vehicle with a navigation system, the analysis of the results allows to improve the gear ratio and the battery charging management of the local algorithms. Fast prototyping tests and vehicle tests were made to validate this approach
Meddour, Aissam Riad. "Optimisation du dimensionnement et la conception d'une chaine de traction (Batterie-Moteur) pour un véhicule électrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST018.
Full textIn a perspective to get away from the dependence on fossil fuels, several nations are pushing the adoption of electrification of the means of transportation in order to reduce the pollution by greenhouse gases of which the transportation is held responsible for more than 20% of the total CO2 emissions. In this context, several car manufacturers are expanding their vehicle catalogs by inserting more and more electric vehicles in order to follow the regulations in place which, for example, aim to no longer sell thermal vehicles in the European Union from 2035. However, it is not so easy to compete with the performance and prices of combustion engine vehicles already on the market. Thus, in order to divert the customer's interest towards electrification of transport, it is essential to optimize the vehicle's powertrain. In this context, the work carried out during this thesis, aims at modeling the drive train as accurately as possible in order to optimize its performance in order to increase its life while minimizing its construction cost. For this purpose, multiphysics models of the motor and the battery have been built, in order to take into account, the different electrical and thermal behaviors that can influence their performance and lifetime. The two multiphysics models have been linked together in order to take into account the interactions that cannot be neglected in this study. And the evaluation of their performances with the help of empirical, finite element and analytical models have been analyzed and introduced in the genetic optimization algorithm that will aim to vary the optimizable parameters that are chosen in order to reduce the cost of the considered drive train while maximizing its lifetime in order to be able to compete with thermal vehicles proposed in the market
Idrissi, Hassani Azami Hamza. "Commande Prédictive optimale temps-réel, appliquée au contrôle de véhicules automobiles hybrides connectés à leurs environnements." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0105.
Full textThe automotive sector has been one of the most CO2 emitting sectors over the past century. The solution considered, to limit vehicle emissions, is the electrification of the power train. The hybrid electric vehicle offers the best compromise to meet the ecological challenges of the automotive industry. The hybrid electric powertrain consists of two engines: an internal combustion engine, powered by fuel, and an electric motor powered by a battery. These two motors must ensure the driver's power demand. The energy is distributed between the two engines in real time in order to minimize fuel consumption. This thesis proposes the study of an optimization-based method to find the most efficient combination of the two engines. The proposed methodology seeks to reconcile the search for a mathematical optimum with the constraints of the real-time implementation, using the theory of optimal control, and the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The search for a mathematical optimum presupposes the knowledge of a prediction on the driver's future power demands. These predictions can be formed through the vehicle's connectivity (intelligent GPS e-Horizon for example). First, the method is studied with the hypothesis of a completely reliable prediction. Through simulation comparisons, we have found that the proposed method can achieve the global optimum provided by a dynamic programming algorithm. By formulating the optimization problem with different simplifying assumptions on the battery model, it appears that the use of a constant voltage model does not alter the optimality of the solution, if the battery's energy capacity is high enough. The use of this simplified model may help to speed up calculations, especially when it is necessary to consider the uncertainties of predictions. Moreover, under the assumption of reliable predictions, the method shows robustness to the inaccuracies of the model used. To take into account the uncertainty of the power demands prediction, random variables are introduced in the model. Using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle theorem, the uncertainties of the predictions affect fuel consumption only through the battery’s state of charge at the end of the trip. Instead of validating a prediction by comparing it with the actual values of the power demand, the uncertainty is transferred to the electrical energy and the final state of charge of the battery. The predictions probabilistic model determines the predictions horizon length. Normally distributed predictions, and predictions based on Markov chains are studied. These two models allow prediction horizons of 2-3 min over which our optimization method based on optimal control is applied in real time. The proposed probabilistic method is general and is not limited to the probabilistic models studied. Based on the principles outlined in this thesis, by increasing the accuracy of the predictions model, it will be possible to use larger prediction horizons, which means better fuel economy and lower CO2 missions
Hafez, Névine. "Conditions d'équilibre et gestion d'unités de transport en libre service avec demandes aléatoires." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Hafez.Nevine.SMZ9926.pdf.
Full textChabot, Franck. "Contribution à la conception d'un entraînement basé sur une machine à aimants permanents fonctionnant sans capteur sur une large plage de vitesse : application au véhicule électrique." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT006H.
Full textEl, Khoury Georges. "Etude et simulation de systèmes de climatisation adaptés aux véhicules hybrides." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1357.
Full textThis dissertation aims at analyzing the impact of the air-conditioning system on hybrid vehicles by using data of the additional fuel consumption due to MAC operation. Those data are obtained on roll benches (UTAC and CRF) and test benches (CEP and VALEO) dedicated to mobile air conditioning systems. Tests on Prius I show that energy savigs due to hybridization are compromised when the air conditioning system is driven by a mechanical compressor, which requires operation of the engine when the vehicle is stopped. Electrical and hybrid compressors have been tested. Air conditioning loops integrating those compressors are simulated via a set of MACLIB routines developed during this thesis in Matlab/Simulink language. MACLIB is then integrated in the ADVISOR simulator in order to evaluate additional fuel consumptions of the different air conditioning systems installed on a reference hybrid vehicle. Some simulations have been validated by tests performed on roll benches at UTAC, on the Prius II equipped with an electric compressor. Once MACLIB has been validated, comparative analyses of air conditioning systems either mechanical, or electrical, or hybrid (mechanical/electrical) installed on the reference vehicle, have been performed. Those analyses end by the evaluation of the annual additional fuel consumption of mobile air conditioning systems operating under two European climatic conditions
Gimeno, Anthony. "Contribution à l'étude d'alternateurs automobiles : caractérisation des pertes en vue d'un dimensionnement optimal." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1923.
Full textThe advent of more stringent anti-pollution standards and the rising of oil price, lead car manufacturers and automotive suppliers to find efficient solutions for our future. This thesis is a contribution to improving the performance of the electrical generating function in a thermal powertrain. Two approaches are considered in this work. In the first approach, a study is done on the current machine (called Lundell structure or claw pole machine). In a second approach, we design a structure abble to replace the claw pole alternator. To identify and understand the evolution of the different losses, a characterization of losses is made and a study on VDA cycle is completed. We stress the importance of iron losses in claw pole structure and thereby study the influence of various factors on its evolution. The interest of a delta conexion in terms of stator iron losses is emphasized and the impact of this current in terms of copper losses is quantified. A study is conducted over the complementarity of experimental and finite element approach on the repartition of iron losses between the stator and the rotor of this structure. Finally, the impact of the rectifier on the evolution of iron losses is studied. During this first approach, we also propose an analytical modeling of the machine and his efficiency. The second approach leads to design an hybrid structure based on a wound rotor synchronous machine with interpolar magnets. In this study, we propose a coupling between an analytical design and a finite element one through the establishment of experimental designs. This study leads to an efficiency map of the hybrid structure, highlighting its value in terms of performance relative to a claw pole machine
Benmessaoud, Youcef. "Circuit équivalent magnétique non-linéaire adaptatif : 2-D et 3-D avec prise en compte des courants induits." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD064.
Full textIn the face of climate change, the automotive industry has aroused particular interest in reducing CO2 emissions.The electrification of vehicles seems to be an essential solution to meet European standards and standardizations. New technological challenges are imposed and spread across the entire electric drive chain, from the battery to the electric motor. In this context, Agence de l’Environnement et la Maitrise de l’Energie is setting a colossal budget to encourage energy transition. In this context, the Conception Optimal des Chaines de traction Electrique project was handled, and whose main coordinator is RENAULT. The thesis fits into the first axis of the project, which aims to model the electric motor component.The main objective of the thesis is two-dimensional and three-dimensional semi-analytical modeling taking into account to eddy-current while the electromagnetic analysis of the electric machine. 2-D and 3-D models based on the method of magnetic equivalent circuits have been developed. Subsequently coupled to ananalytical model allowing the estimation of eddy-current losses within the massive conductive parts. This model would be of assistance during thermal analyzes of static or dynamic electromagnetic devices
Aghaei, Hashjin Saeid. "Control of a Traction/Charging Structure for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0117.
Full textThe electrification of the transportation is one of the relevant solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, new European standards impose increasingly restrictive limits on CO2 emissions per km. This is an important industrial issue for automobile manufacturers. Therefore, the industries are moving towards hybrid and electric vehicles in which an electric traction chain is present. This consists of an electrical machine, powered by a static power electronic converter connected to an electrical energy source and storage elements. For more than two decades, different topologies have been studied for electric traction and several solutions have been marketed. These products are increasingly light, reliable and efficient while respecting the constraints of the automobile manufacturers on the costs. This thesis focuses on improving the reliability of electromechanical energy conversion chains. The objective of the thesis is to continue the development of new actuator control laws ensuring better reliability of the traction chain. With this in mind, reducing the number of sensors in control of the conversion chain will be considered. In fact, there are already current sensors in traction chains. However, these generate significant additional costs because of their frequent failures and the need for replacement. Thus, current sensorless control of the AC drive systems allows the elimination of the sensors of the stator of the machine and therefore to avoid their cost. In this thesis, the model-free adaptive controller (MFAC) is presented to be used in the control of the conversion chain to reduce the number of sensors. In this regard, MFAC is used in two different approaches. First, it is used for controlling a WRSM system, with and without additional current sensors. Then, it is used for the control of the power converters used in the conversion chain. The experimental results, obtained on a test bench built in the laboratory, are conclusive in transient and steady-state: the unmeasured currents are converged with a satisfying precision for an automotive application and allow performing a current sensorless control of the machine. In addition, a satisfactory performance of MFAC is also obtained for controlling the power converters with only using one voltage sensor