Academic literature on the topic 'BAC-Program'

The aim of this study is to assess outcomes of the Freshmen Alcohol Abuse Program in reducing BAC levels among freshmen students and to describe and learn about the patterns of drinking behaviors. This program is a combination of the “Wanna Know” and “Did You Know” campaigns. The Wanna Know campaign consisted of a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test with a Breathalyzer® device and an interview with freshmen students on unannounced weekend “partying nights” on a northern California university campus. The interviews and breath tests totaled 1,314 in year one and 1,215 in year two. The Did You Know campaign was the component that focused on distributing social norming messages. Social norming messages were delivered through posters on campus, screensavers in student computing labs, mouse pads, brochures, table tent cards, and t-shirts. These messages were designed to curb drinking by making students aware of the actual drinking norms rather than the students’ perceived norms with the intent that students would adjust to the actual norm, resulting in a reduction in drinking. Results indicated mean BAC levels of .068 in year one and .056 in year two. This represents a drop of .012 BAC, or a 21.4 percent decline from year one to year two.

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the A-genome of cotton has been constructed from the leaves ofG. arboreumL cv. Jianglinzhongmian. It is used as elite A-genome germplasm resources in the present cotton breeding program and has been used to build a genetic reference map of cotton. The BAC library consists of 123,648 clones stored in 322 384-well plates. Statistical analysis of a set of 103 randomly selected BAC clones indicated that each clone has an average insert length of 100.2 kb per plasmid, with a range of 30 to 190 kb. Theoretically, this represents 7.2 haploid genome equivalents based on an A-genome size of 1697 Mb. The BAC library has been arranged in column pools and superpools allowing screening with various PCR-based markers. In the future, the A-genome cotton BAC library will serve as both a giant gene resource and a valuable tool for map-based gene isolation, physical mapping and comparative genome analysis.

The apple scab resistance gene Vf, originating from the wild species Malus floribunda 821, has been incorporated into a wide variety of apple cultivars through a classical breeding program. With the aim of isolating the Vf gene, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 31 584 clones has been constructed from M. floribunda 821. From the analysis of 88 randomly selected BAC clones, the average insert size is estimated at 125 kb. If it is assumed that the genome size of M. floribunda 821 is 769 Mb/haploid, the library represents about 5× haploid genome equivalents. This provides a 99% probability of finding any specific sequence from this library. PCR-based screening of the library has been carried out using eight random genomic sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs), chloroplast- and mitochondria-specific SCARs, and 13 high-density Vf-linked SCAR markers. An average of five positive BAC clones per random SCAR has been obtained, whereas less than 1% of BAC clones are derived from the chloroplast or mitochondrial genomes. Most BAC clones identified with Vf-linked SCAR markers are physically linked. Three BAC contigs along the Vf region have been obtained by assembling physically linked BAC clones based on their fingerprints. The overlapping relatedness of BAC clones has been further confirmed by cytogenetic mapping using fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-FISH). The M. floribunda 821 BAC library provides a valuable genetic resource not only for map-based cloning of the Vf gene, but also for finding many other important genes for improving the cultivated apple.Key words: apple, resistance Vf gene, BAC library, sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs), fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-FISH), positional cloning.

7632 Background: In 1999 the World Health Organization (WHO) changed its definition of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). We examined the effects of this change. Methods: Patients included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program from 1992–2002 with Stages I-IIIB non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who underwent a definitive surgical procedure were divided into a Cohort A (1,348 patients with BAC diagnosed from 2000–2002), Cohort B (2,955 patients diagnosed with BAC from 1992–1998), and Cohort C (36,861 patients with other NSCLC from the entire period). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were compared according to potential prognostic factors, including use of a matched-pair analysis. We also compared the demographic, histopathologic, and treatment factors associated with the three groups. Results: The proportion of BAC increased both as a percentage of NSCLC and as a percentage of adenocarcinoma for cohort A(12.5%, 22%) as compared to Cohort B(10.9%, 20%). The proportions of patients with smaller tumor size, female sex, non-black or non-white race, resections less than a pneumonectomy, no radiotherapy, Stage I disease, and well- differentiated tumor grade were similar between Cohorts A and B and statistically different between them and Cohort C. Cohorts A and B also had very similar OS/DFS to each other. Matched patients with Stage I cancer in Cohort A had better OS than in Cohort C; OS was similar for other stages. DFS was improved for all stages in Cohort A as compared to Cohort C (except for Stage II). Conclusions: Patients with BAC diagnosed before or after 1999 have similar outcomes to each other and better outcomes than patients with other NSCLCs. Furthermore, both BAC groups had analogous patient demographic, histopathologic and treatment factors, but differed from those of non-BAC NSCLC during this time period. Surgically-resected BAC defined using the 1999 WHO criteria remains distinctly different than non-BAC NSCLC. Therefore recommendations for adjuvant therapy may need to be different for this patient population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Ustilago maydis, a basidiomycete, is a model organism among phytopathogenic fungi. A physical map of U. maydis strain 521 was developed from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. BAC fingerprints used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate restriction fragments. Fragments were labeled at the HindIII site and codigested with HaeIII to reduce fragments to 50–750 bp. Contiguous overlapping sets of clones (contigs) were assembled at nine stringencies (from P ≤ 1 x 10–6 to 1 x 10–24). Each assembly nucleated contigs with different percentages of bands overlapping between clones (from 20% to 97%). The number of clones per contig decreased linearly from 41 to 12 from P ≤ 1 x 10–7 to 1 x 10–12. The number of separate contigs increased from 56 to 150 over the same range. A hybridization-based physical map of the same BAC clones was compared with the fingerprint contigs built at P ≤ 1 × 10–7. The two methods provided consistent physical maps that were largely validated by genome sequence. The combined hybridization and fingerprint physical map provided a minimum tile path composed of 258 BAC clones (18–20 Mbp) distributed among 28 merged contigs. The genome of U. maydis was estimated to be 20.5 Mbp by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 24 Mbp by BAC fingerprints. There were 23 separate chromosomes inferred by both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and fingerprint contigs. Only 11 of the tile path BAC clones contained recognizable centromere, telomere, and subtelomere repeats (high-copy DNA), suggesting that repeats caused some false merges. There were 247 tile path BAC clones that encompassed about 17.5 Mbp of low-copy DNA sequence. BAC clones are available for repeat and unique gene cluster analysis including tDNA-mediated transformation. Program FingerPrint Contigs maps aligned with each chromosome can be viewed at http://www.siu.edu/~meksem/ustilago_maydis/.Key words: Ustilago maydis, physical map, bacterial artificial chromosomes, whole-genome sequencing.

This study aims to determine the effect of Business Administration Competition on student learning motivation, emotional intelligence and increasing competence of students' global competitiveness. The variables of this research are the BAC Competition (X1), learning motivation (Y1), emotional intelligence (Y2) and increasing competence of students' global competitiveness (Y3). This study used a quantitative approach using a sample of students in Business Administration study program who had participated in BAC competitions at both Polibatam and National levels. Data processing techniques in this study used SPSS 20 software. The population in this study were all students who participated in BAC which consisted of Secretarial competition, Meeting design competition, MC competition, Business presentation competition, Web design competition, Business data processing competition and Business plan. . The sample size of 28 students was determined by purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by means of questionnaires and observation. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and simple linear regression. The results of this study concluded that there is an effect of the BAC Competition on each variable of learning motivation, emotional intelligence and increasing competence of students' global competitiveness.

Abstract T helper type 22 (Th22) cells are a subset of CD4+ effector T cell that primarily produces interleukin 22 (IL-22), IL-13, and TNF-alpha and have an indispensable role in host defense, barrier function, tissue repair and inflammation. However, the stability and plasticity of Th22 cells have not been elucidated. In this study we developed an IL-22-tdTomato reporter mouse to examine the plasticity of Th22 cells in vitro and in vivo. Briefly, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) was modified to introduce the fluorescent reporter gene into the Il-22 locus. By homologous recombination, the synthesis of the signal peptide of Il-22 in the BAC was disrupted and the tdTomato gene with poly A was inserted immediately after the ATG start site of Il-22, replacing exon 1. Mice were generated that harbor the BAC construct. We found that in vitro generated Th22 cells still maintained their differentiation program in vitro in the early stage of development and could be reprogrammed into Th17 and Th1 cell lineages, but not Th2 cells, in the later stage. To observe Th22 plasticity in vivo, we sorted IL-22 producing cells from mouse T cell transferred colitis model and injected them back to the Rag-/- mouse. It demonstrated that Th22 cells slowly lost their IL-22 expression and converted into Th17 cells in a TGF-beta dependent manner. These results, although suggesting the flexibility of Th22 cells, also indicate active maintenance of their program in vivo.

ABSTRACT The adaptation mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) was investigated. A P. aeruginosa strain with adapted resistance to QACs was developed by a standard broth dilution method. It was revealed that P. aeruginosa exhibited remarkable resistance to N-dodecylpyridinium iodide (P-12), whose structure is similar to that of a common disinfectant, cetylpyridinium chloride. Adapted resistance to benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which is commonly used as a disinfectant, was also observed in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the P-12-resistant strain exhibited cross-resistance to BAC. Analysis of the outer membrane protein of the P-12-resistant strain by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a significant increase in the level of expression of a protein (named OprR) whose molecular mass was approximately 26 kDa. The actual function of OprR is not yet clear; however, OprR was expected to be an outer membrane-associated protein with homology to lipoproteins of other bacterial species, according to a search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information website with the BLAST program by use of the N-terminal sequence of OprR. A correlation between the level of expression of OprR and the level of resistance of P. aeruginosa to QACs was observed by using a PA2800 gene knockout mutant derived from the P-12-resistant strain. The knockout mutant recovered susceptibility not only to P-12 but also to BAC. These results suggested that OprR significantly participated in the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to QACs, such as P-12 and BAC.

The study aimed to evaluate the “Human resource management for vocational schools at Bac Ninh province, Viet Nam: A model of faculty development program”. It concentrated on evaluating the existing Human resource management for vocational schools of the province, determining the demographic profile of the respondents, profile of vocational schools. In order to come up with this analysis, a survey covering 50 specific vocational schools was implemented aiming to assess the current status of the development of contingent of teachers and the factors affecting the development of teaching staff for vocational schools in Bac Ninh province such as Human resource planning; recruitment and selection; Training and development Retention and maintenance; Promotion; Labor relations; and Transfer and retirement. Thereby, identifying the limitations in Human resource management of vocational schools. Based on all the findings of this study, the following conclusions were derived: The human resource management of vocational schools on Bac Ninh province was still limited. Human resources were in sufficient quantity, but the structure not to be reasonable, lack of highly qualified and experienced faculty. Support policies are not sufficient to motivate faculty and attract highly qualified human resources. From the cited summary of findings and conclusions, the following are hereby recommended: Re-examining all the plans and programs for the Quality of Human Resource so that necessary updating and modification can be done; Strongly focusing on the recruitment process and policies of training and retraining human resources, Specific strategies for implementing these plans must also be considered. Conducting regular evaluations of all the programs must be implemented.

The study aimed to evaluate the “Human resource management for vocational schools at Bac Ninh province, Viet Nam: A model of faculty development program”. It concentrated on evaluating the existing Human resource management for vocational schools of the province, determining demographic profile of the respondents, profile of vocational schools. In order to come up with this analysis, a survey covering 50 specific vocational schools is implemented aiming to assess current status of the development of contingent of teachers and the factors affecting the development of teaching staff for vocational schools in Bac Ninh province such as Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development Retention and maintenance; Promotion; Labor relations; and Transfer and retirement. Thereby, identifing the limitations in Human resource management of vocational schools. Based from all the findings of this study, the following conclusions were derived: The human resource management of vocational schools on Bac Ninh province still limited. Human resources in sufficient quantity, but the structure is not reasonable, lack of highly qualified and experienced faculty. Support policies are not sufficient to motivate faculty and attract highly qualified human resources. From the cited summary of findings and conclusions, the following are hereby recommended: Re-examining all the plans and programs for the Quality of Human Resource so that necessary updating and modification can be done; Strongly focusing on recruitment process and policies of training and retraining human resources, Specific strategies for implementing these plans must also be considered. Conducting regular evaluation of all the programs must be implemented.

Critical elements of early infant motor development can be observed when very young babies spontaneously kick and wave their arms. This initial movement phase progresses through various motor milestones from engaging the inhibition of the primitive reflexes through to rudimentary movements, fundamental motor skills, and finally to engaging in specialised sports activities in the early primary school age years (Gabbard, 2012; Goodway, Ozmun, & Gallahue, 2019). Even though infants have the propensity to naturally move through these rudimentary motor milestones, time spent in awake prone positions is central to achieving to achieving these skills (Ohman, Nilsson, Lagerkvist, & Beckung, 2009). Prone positioning is commonly referred to as tummy time, which has been described as a practice whereby an infant is placed on their stomach during awake play times (Hewitt, Stanley, & Okely, 2017). This tummy time positioning encourages head, neck and arm strength supporting timely rudimentary rolling and crawling skills (Dudek-Shriber & Zelazny, 2007; Jennings, Sarbaugh, & Payne, 2009; Lobo & Galloway, 2012; Majnemer & Snider, 2005), and also reducing the risk of deformational plagiocephaly or flat head syndrome (Kennedy, Majnemer, Farmer, Barr, & Platt, 2009). Researchers have proposed that motor development and motor milestones in infants may be affected or in some cases delayed, following the introduction of sleeping babies on their backs as a result of the SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) campaign of the 1990s (Davis, Moon, Sachs, & Ottolini, 1998; Speltz et al., 2010). As a consequence of this campaign the incidence of SIDs declined worldwide in the following years although it was reported that parents tended to avoid placing their infants on their stomach during awake times, subsequently affecting motor milestones, head shape and core strength (Davis et al., 1998; Robertson, 2011). This doctoral research centres on the Baby Activity Chart-Program (BAC-Program) that was devised and created to support families and to provide a variety of fun, tummy time and vestibular focused actions for infants from 6 weeks post birth. Families are encouraged to interact with BAC-Program’s four milestone focused divisions of 34 activities, and culminating when the infant is mobile, feasibly crawling on hands and knees. The doctoral research incorporated the concept and activities within the BAC- Program, and subsequently undertook two separate but inter-linked research studies. Study one involves the evaluation of the BAC-Program through an ‘experts’ response questionnaire’ (ERQ) presented to sixteen experts in the early childhood and the allied health professions. The questionnaire consisted of five sections covering all aspects of the BAC Program’s design, layout, diagrams, text and contents. The Experts were instructed to rate all milestone divisions within the BAC-Program within the questionnaire’s five sections and to also include comments and suggestions according to each expert’s professional expertise. Overall, this first study produced a very positive result with the BAC-Program being effectively recommended by 93% of the experts. Consequently, a BAC-Program/2 (BAC- P/2) was created as the Expert’s recommendations were carefully analysed and those considered significant and theory based to enhance the activities were incorporated into the newly produced infant activity program-edition two. The positive endorsement and results achieved in Study one enabled the newly created BAC-P/2 to be investigated in a further study within this doctoral research. Study two investigated whether an experimental group of twenty nine infants that commenced participation in the BAC-Program/2 at 10 weeks of age, were more advanced in their motor skills (prone, supine, sitting, standing) when compared to a control group of thirty four infants also observed at 7-9 months post birth. The control group had not participated in the BAC-P/2 but were presented with the program at the completion of the testing procedure. The overall results defined that the total percentage mean score on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) of the experimental group was significantly higher (the difference was significant at .023 alpha level) than the control group’s mean score based on all sixty three infant’s AIMS’ motor development scores. The interpretation at a practical level suggests that the participation by parents and carers in the activities within the BAC-P/2 have contributed to the overall differences in the recorded scores when comparing the means between the sample groups using the SPSS independent sample t-test. Study two also examined the differences in overall motor development between groups in relation to time spent daily in tummy time and in vestibular stimulating activities. The experimental group spent greater time daily in both activity categories (tummy time and vestibular) and recorded a higher total percentage mean AIMS score when compared to the control group, however, the differences were not statistically significant. The data revealed that the association between the two study group’s AIMS scores may be influenced by the varying amount of both daily tummy time and daily vestibular time. Interestingly, both study groups reported higher total mean percentage scores in relation to greater amounts of time spent in both tummy time and vestibular activities. The overall conclusion to this study was reinforced by the result that when participating in the BAC-Program/2 from 10 weeks to 7-9 months, involving specifically modified infant movement activities, the twenty nine experimental group infants were significantly advanced in their motor development. There are also recognisable benefits (e.g. improved head control, core strength, response to gravity, spatial and body awareness) for infants to spend significant time in tummy and vestibular focused movements in regard to achieving their motor milestones.