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Books on the topic 'Behavioral thresholds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 June 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Breer, Vladimir V., Dmitry A. Novikov, and Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51865-7.

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2

Simon, Niemeyer, ESRC Environment and Human Behaviour Programme., and University of Birmingham. School of Geography., eds. Understanding thresholds in human behavior and responses to rapid climate change: ESRC Environment and Human Behavior Programme : working paper 04/01. School of Geography, University of B'ham, 2004.

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3

Center, Langley Research, ed. Analyses of fatigue crack growth and closure near threshold conditions for large-crack behavior. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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4

Center, Langley Research, ed. Analyses of fatigue crack growth and closure near threshold conditions for large-crack behavior. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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5

Novikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir V. Breer, and Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer, 2018.

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6

Novikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir V. Breer, and Andrey D. Rogatkin. Mob Control: Models of Threshold Collective Behavior. Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.

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7

Mahesh, V. S. Thresholds of Motivation: Nurturing Human Growth in the Organization. Mcgraw-Hill, 1994.

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8

Rollmann, Sarah. The 40 percent threshold and "underclass" behaviors: A look at Minneapolis poverty. 2006.

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9

Sternberg, Sue. Assessing aggression thresholds in dogs: Using the Assess-a-Pet protocol to better understand aggression. 2017.

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10

Murray-Slutsky, Carolyn, and Betty A. Paris. Is It Sensory or Is It Behavior?: Behavior Problem Identification, Assessment, and Intervention. Hammill Institute on Disabilities, 2005.

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11

Is It Sensory or Is It Behavior?: Behavior Problem Identification, Assessment, and Intervention. Psychcorp a Brand of Harcourt Assessment, 2005.

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12

Murray-Slutsky, Carolyn, and Betty A. Paris. Is It Sensory or Is It Behavior?: Behavior Problem Identification, Assessment, and Intervention. Hammill Institute on Disabilities, 2005.

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13

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Accelerated near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of an Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Alloy. Independently Published, 2018.

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14

Richebé, Philippe, and Cyril Rivat. The effects of morphine on the CNS. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0017.

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The 1973 paper by Jacquet and Lajtha, was a pivotal report in understanding the effects of opioids on nociception, as it investigated the effects of morphine on different brain structures. To do this, the authors used a microinjection technique that allowed them to specifically target subcortical sites. The animals used in this study were rats, and evaluation of the nociceptive threshold was based on the behavioural reaction to electrical shock. Two reactions were evaluated: flinch or jump responses. The main result was that, depending on the dose and the site of injection, morphine produced either an increase in nociceptive threshold (analgesia), or a decrease in the nociceptive threshold (hyperalgesia). The authors also reported severe effects characterized by hyper-reactivity and violent uncontrolled jumping in stereotyped circular leaps when morphine was administered in the periaqueductal grey matter.

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15

Karapetrov, G., S. A. Moore, and M. Iavarone. Mesoscopic Effects in Superconductor–Ferromagnet Hybrids. Edited by A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.8.

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This article examines the occurrence of mesoscopic effects in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids. It begins with an overview of theories underpinning superconducting/ferromagnetic (S/F) hybrid structures, focusing on their vortex nucleation conditions and vortex behavior as well as the localized nucleation of superconductivity in an ideal S/F system. It then presents experimental measurements of the localized superconducting state in the cases of domain wall and reverse domain superconductivity, along with the vortex state in planar S/F hybrids. In particular, it considers nucleation thresholds for superconducting vortices and equilibrium vortex configurations. Finally, it discusses the results of local scanning probe measurements of the novel mesoscopic effects that emerge in magnetically coupled S/F hybrid structures in the absence of proximity effects.

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16

Tiwari, Sandip. Nanoscale transistors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0002.

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This chapter brings together the physical underpinnings of field-effect transistors operating in their nanoscale limits. It tackles the change in dominant behavior from scattering-limited long-channel transport to mesoscopic and few scattering events limits in quantized channels. It looks at electrostatics and a transistor’s controllability as dimensions are shrunk—the interplay of geometry and control—and then brings out the operational characteristics in “off”-state, e.g., the detailed nature of insulator’s implications or threshold voltage’s statistical variations grounded in short-range and long-range effects, and “on”-state, where quantization, quantized channels, ballistic transport and limited scattering are important. It also explores the physical behavior for zero bandgap and monoatomic layer materials by focusing on real-space and reciprocal-space funneling as one of the important dimensional change consequences through a discussion of parasitic resistances.

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17

Cassino, Dan, Milton Lodge, and Charles S. Taber. Implicit Political Attitudes. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.59.

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This chapter reviews recent work on implicit political attitudes, detailing how, when, and why unconscious processes impact the explicit expression of political beliefs, attitudes, and preferences. The authors begin by discussing thresholds of awareness, defining implicit attitudes and how the circumstances under which they reach conscious awareness. The ubiquity of unconscious effects in everyday life is considered, and two research paradigms for measuring implicit attitudes are discussed. The resulting dual-process model, in which influences can be either conscious or subconscious, allows us to understand how sensory input works its way through the mind to influence attitudes and behaviors in ways that are rarely evident to the individual. These influences often include factors that the individual would never consider as being important, but nevertheless hold enormous power over effortful decision-making.

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18

Gottlieb, Jacqueline. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.033.

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Damage to the human inferior parietal lobe produces an attentional disturbance known as contralateral neglect, and neurophysiological studies in monkeys have begun to unravel the cellular basis of this function. Converging evidence suggests that LIP encodes a sparse topographic map of the visual world that highlights attention-worthy objects or locations. LIP cells may facilitate sensory attentional modulations, and ultimately the transient improvement in perceptual thresholds that is the behavioural signature of visual attention. In addition, LIP projects to oculomotor centres where it can prime the production of a rapid eye movement (saccade). Importantly, LIP cells can select visual targets without triggering saccades, showing that they implement an internal (covert) form of selection that can be flexibly linked with action by virtue of additional, independent mechanisms. The target selection response in LIP is modulated by bottom-up factors and by multiple task-related factors. These modulations are likely to arise through learning and may reflect a multitude of computations through which the brain decides when and to what to attend.

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19

Fleischman, Alan R. Ethical Issues in Giving Birth to a Baby. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199354474.003.0003.

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This chapter defines term and preterm delivery and explores the ethical concerns in delivery at the threshold viability. It examines the medical and ethical issues associated with elective delivery prior to 39 weeks gestation, do-not-resuscitate orders in the delivery room, and maternal illness and illicit behavior that jeopardize the fetus before birth. The beneficence-based moral obligations of practitioners working in the fields of obstetrics, neonatology and pediatrics are discussed, as well as the beneficence-based moral obligations of pregnant women. Additionally the knotty ethical problems of DNR decisions in the delivery room and the equally difficult decision-making that needs to take place in the event that the mother is declared brain dead are both covered in the chapter.

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20

Bassi, Gabriele, and Roberto Fumagalli. Pathophysiology and management of fever. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0352.

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Core body temperature is strictly regulated by autonomic and behavioural compensatory adaptations and an increase may represent a physiological stereotypical controlled response to septic and inflammatory conditions, or an uncontrolled drop in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory threshold. Fever has been demonstrated to be a potential mechanism of intrinsic resistance against infectious disease playing a pivotal role in the human evolution. High temperature may be detrimental during oxygen delivery-dependent conditions and in a neurological population. Despite this evidence, a definitive conclusion, between the association of fever and the outcome in critically-ill patients, is still lacking. The decision-making strategy in the context of fever management in critical care must be supported by single case assessment. This chapter summarizes the main physiological mechanisms of temperature control that physicians should consider when dealing with fever or deliberate hypothermia and analyses the main evidence in the role of fever in the critically ill in order to help bedside clinical strategy.

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21

Epstein, Joshua M. Mathematical Model. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158884.003.0002.

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This part of the book describes explicit mathematical models for the affective, cognitive, and social components of Agent_Zero. It first considers some underlying neuroscience of fear and the role of the amygdala before turning to Rescorla–Wagner equations of conditioning. In particular, it explains how the fear circuit can be activated and how fear conditioning can occur unconsciously. It then reviews some standard nomenclature adopted by Ivan Pavlov in his study, Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex, with emphasis on David Hume's “association of ideas,” the theory of conditioning, and the Rescorla–Wagner model. After examining “the passions,” the discussion focuses on reason, Agent_Zero's cognitive component, and the model's social component. The central case is that the agent initiates the group's behavior despite starting with the lowest disposition, with no initial emotional inclination, no evidence, the same threshold as all others, and no orders from above.

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22

Vanderschraaf, Peter. The Dynamics of Anarchy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199832194.003.0004.

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A computational model of interaction in anarchy is presented and used to predict the outcome of anarchy. Hobbes’ and Locke’s classic a priori analyses of the State of Nature are compared, including the reasons for their divergent conclusions. Several game-theoretic models of anarchy are examined that employ Hobbes’ realistic assumption that typically in anarchy some moderates most desire mutual cooperation, while other dominators most desire to exploit others’ cooperation. A priori type-based game-theoretic models yield inconsistent conclusions and rest upon unrealistic assumptions. A dynamical Variable Anticipation Threshold type-based model is explored, where individuals in anarchy modify their behavior as they learn from repeated interactions. Under quite general conditions, a population converges to Hobbes’ war of all against all even if only a small percentage of its members are dominators. This analysis gives a dynamical vindication of Hobbes’ conclusion that for a sizable population in anarchy, war is indeed inevitable.

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23

Hansen, Tom G. Acute paediatric pain management. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman and Neil S. Morton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0073.

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Paediatric pain management has made great strides in the past few decades in the understanding of developmental neurobiology, developmental pharmacology, the use of analgesics in children, the use of regional techniques in children, and of the psychological needs of children in pain. The consequences of a painful experience on the young nervous system are so significant that long-term effects can occur, resulting in behavioural changes and a lowered pain threshold for months after a painful event. Accurate assessment of pain in different age groups and the effective treatment of postoperative pain are constantly being refined, with newer drugs being used alone and in combination with other drugs, and continue to be explored. Systemic opioids, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and regional anaesthesia alone or combined with additives are currently used to provide effective postoperative analgesia. These modalities are often best utilized when combined as a multimodal approach to treat acute pain in the perioperative setting. The safe and effective management of pain in children includes the prevention, recognition, and assessment of pain; early and individualized treatment; and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. This chapter discusses selected topics in paediatric acute pain management, with more specific emphasis placed on pharmacology and regional anaesthesia in the treatment of acute postoperative pain management.

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24

Latash, Mark L. Seminars in Motor Control. Oxford University PressNew York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197794340.001.0001.

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Abstract All biological systems emerged in the process of evolution and are constrained by basic laws of nature. Approaches to motor control that assume operations with numbers and symbols (computations) in the brain to predict and prescribe peripheral muscle activations and mechanics are incompatible with the known physiology. Biology-specific laws of nature form the foundation for the neural control of movements with time changes in parameters associated with spatial referent coordinates for the effectors—parametric control. The idea of parametric control has been developed for motor units, muscles (the parameter is the threshold of the stretch reflex), joints, limbs, and the whole body. Actions are viewed as consequences of changes in two basic commands, reciprocal and coactivation, and interactions with the external force field. This theory is naturally compatible with the principle of abundance, which views the excess of elements as a tunable system able to stabilize different, task-specific performance variables with the help of neurophysiological systems addressed as synergies. This scheme is applied to the control of individual muscles and muscle groups across a variety of behaviors such as reaching, prehension, standing, and walking. It has been extended to the field of kinesthetic perception. It provides a fruitful framework to address such issues as the posture-movement paradox, equifinality and its violations, motor equivalence, muscle coactivation, unintentional drifts in performance, and changes in movements with fatigue, aging, motor learning, neurological disorders, and rehabilitation. Many issues, including the role of specific neurophysiological structures and circuits, remain unknown and are begging for exploration.

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25

Gormley, Dennis M. Missile Contagion. Praeger, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400686375.

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Most books on missile proliferation focus on the spread of ballistic missiles or cruise missiles, not both. Gormley's work, however, explains why cruise missiles are beginning to spread widely, but does so by explaining their spread in the context of ballistic missile proliferation. It therefore treats both ballistic and cruise missile proliferation as related phenomenon. This work also focuses evenhandedly on both nonproliferation and defense policy (including missile defenses and counterforce doctrines) to fashion a set of integrated strategies for dealing with ballistic and cruise missile proliferation. Signs of missile contagion abound. In this study, Gormley argues that a series of rapid and surprising developments since 2005 suggest that the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering either weapons of mass destruction or highly accurate conventional payloads is approaching a critical threshold. The surprising fact is that land-attack cruise missiles, not ballistic missiles, constitute the primary problem. Flying under the radar, both literally and figuratively, land-attack cruise missiles add a dangerous new dimension to protecting U.S. security interests and preventing regional military instability. Gormley asserts that cruise missiles are not destined to supplant ballistic missiles; rather, they are likely to join them, because when both are employed together, they could severely test even the best missile defenses. Worse yet, Gormley argues, land-attack cruise missiles are increasingly being linked to preemptive strike doctrines, which are fueling regional arms races and crisis instability. This work explains why an epidemic of cruise missile proliferation, long forecasted by analysts, has only recently begun to occur. After first assessing the state of ballistic missile proliferation, Gormley explores the role of three factors in shaping the spread of cruise missiles. These include specialized knowledge needed for missile development; narrative messages about reasons for acquiring cruise missiles; and norms of state behavior about missile nonproliferation policy and defense doctrine. This book then addresses the policy adjustments needed to stanch the spread of cruise missiles in the first place, or, barring that, cope militarily with a more demanding missile threat consisting ofbothcruise and ballistic missiles.

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