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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bend sensing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bend sensing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bend sensing"

1

Patrick, H. J., C. C. Chang, and S. T. Vohra. "Long period fibre gratings for structural bend sensing." Electronics Letters 34, no. 18 (1998): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981237.

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Yan, Binbin, Guoqiang Liu, Jun He, Yanhua Luo, Liwei Yang, Haifeng Qi, Xinzhu Sang, et al. "Simultaneous Vector Bend and Temperature Sensing Based on a Polymer and Silica Optical Fibre Grating Pair." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103507.

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The bending response of polymer optical fibre Bragg grating (POFBG) and silica optical fibre Bragg grating (SOFBG) mounted on a brass beam have been systematically studied and compared. The results indicate that POFBG has higher (almost twice as much) bend sensitivity than SOFBG. Based on the difference between the bend and temperature sensitivity of POFBG and SOFBG, a new method of measuring vector bend and temperature simultaneously was proposed by using a hybrid sensor head with series connection of one POFBG and one SOFBG with different Bragg wavelengths. It provides high sensitivity and resolution for sensing bend and temperature changes simultaneously and independently. The proposed sensor can find some applications in the fields where high sensitivity for both bend and temperature measurements are required.

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Zhao, Shui-Xia, Wen-Jun Wang, Xiao-Hong Shi, Sheng-Nan Zhao, Ying-Jie Wu, Qiang Quan, Chao Li, Michal Szydlowski, Wei Li, and Tomasz Kolerski. "Freeze-Up Ice Jam Formation in the River Bend, a Case Study on the Inner Mongolia Reach of Yellow River." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060631.

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Concern has been expressed regarding the impacts of climate change on river ice and ice jam formation in cold regions. Ice jams are easily initiated in bends and narrow channels and cause disasters. In this study, observations and remote sensing monitoring are used to study the freeze-up ice jam formation of bends. Sediment transport and freezing process of the river interact, influencing bed changes profile and sedimentary budget. River ice processes, channel evolution, ice hydro-thermodynamics, and ice jam accumulation are explored. The results show that the channel topography determines the river thalweg, and that the channel elevation interacts with the river ice through sediment transport. The channel shrinkage increases the probability of ice jam, and the sharp bend is prone to ice jam formation. Under the effect of secondary circulation flow in the bend and in the outer bank, the juxtaposed freeze-up and the hummocky ice cover occur in the same location, and frazil ice accumulates under the junction of the main channel and the shoals. Affected by the increase of the hydraulic slope and the velocity downstream, open water reaches develops downstream of the ice accumulation. An open water section is emerged upstream of the bend, due to the ice deposition, and partly cut-off supply of the frazil.

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Prabhakar, Amit, Neha Mishra, Deepti Verma, and Soumyo Mukherji. "Investigation of dual-bend serpentine/spiral waveguides coupled to a microchannel system for competent, evanescent-wave-absorption-based, on-chip, biological-/chemical-sensing applications." RSC Advances 8, no. 62 (2018): 35539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06527f.

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The reported device is a versatile sensing-platform, with high sensitivity, for any chemical/biological-sensing applications, if suitable surface adaptation is first performed to the microchannel-system-embedded duel-bend waveguide-probe.

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Jin, Long, Weigang Zhang, Jing Li, Hao Zhang, Bo Liu, Qinchang Tu, Guiyun Kai, and Xiaoyi Dong. "Two-dimensional bend sensing with a cantilever-mounted FBG." Measurement Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (December 15, 2005): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/1/027.

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Everitt, James H., James V. Richerson, Mario A. Alaniz, David E. Escobar, Ricardo Villarreal, and Michael R. Davis. "Light Reflectance Characteristics and Remote Sensing of Big Bend Loco (Astragalus mollissimusvar.earlei) and Wooton Loco (Astragalus wootonii)." Weed Science 42, no. 1 (March 1994): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500084265.

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The high near-infrared reflectance (0.76 to 0.90 μm) of Big Bend loco and Wooton loco contributed significantly to their orange-red and red image tonal responses, respectively, on color-infrared aerial photographs making them distinguishable from associated vegetation and soil. Big Bend loco could also be distinguished on color-infrared and near-infrared black-and-white video imagery where it had distinct red and whitish tonal responses, respectively. Computer analyses of photographic and videographic images showed that Big Bend loco and Wooton loco populations could be quantified from other landscape features. A global positioning system was integrated with the video imagery that permitted latitude-longitude coordinates to appear on each image. The latitude-longitude data were integrated with a geographical information system to map Big Bend loco populations.

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Xin, Yi, Xinyong Dong, Junwei Yuan, Yi Li, Shangzhong Jin, and Sulei Zhang. "Sensing Characteristics of Side-Hole Fiber-Based Long-Period Grating." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/850293.

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Long-period gratings (LPGs) have been fabricated in a side-hole fiber (SHF) by using a pulsed CO2laser. Sensing characteristics of this SHF-LPG to temperature surrounding refractive index and bend have been investigated. Experimental results show that resonant wavelength of the SHF-LPG has a blue shift with temperature with sensitivity of −0.11 nm/°C, a blue shift with increasing sensitivity with surrounding refractive index ranging from 1.335 to 1.44 (the maximum sensitivity is achieved when the surrounding refractive index reaches the effective index of the fiber cladding), and a red shift with bend-direction-dependent sensitivity up to 9.36 nm/m−1.

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Ye, C. C., S. W. James, and R. P. Tatam. "Simultaneous temperature and bend sensing with long-period fiber gratings." Optics Letters 25, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.001007.

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Signore, James M., Mohamed G. Abdel-Maksoud, and Barry J. Dempsey. "Fiber-Optic Sensing Technology for Rail-Buckling Detection." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1584, no. 1 (January 1997): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1584-06.

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Buckling and cracking of steel rails is a contributing factor in accidents on railroads today. Detection and notification of buckled track sections before a train reaches these locations will significantly increase rail safety. A fiber-optic-based sensing system, with the fiber affixed to a beam, was developed and evaluated to detect buckled regions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the sensitivity of the fiber-optic sensing system to buckling of a long structural member. Numerous facets of fiber-optic sensing have been explored. Fiber-to-steel bonding techniques were examined and tested. Full-scale laboratory testing was conducted by elastically buckling a 24.4-m-long (80-ft) wide-flange section with hydraulic rams. Typical measurement accuracy within 10 percent of theoretical predictions was achieved by optical time domain reflectometry techniques. For field testing, however, a more robust solution is sought and is currently under development. It is suggested that a lower-cost fiber break or bend detector is a suitable option. The optical fiber will break or bend at the location of rail elongation in the buckled area, allowing the detection equipment to locate the buckled area.

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Jing, Ning. "Liquid level measurement based on multi-S-bend plastic optical fiber." Sensor Review 39, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2018-0199.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a liquid level sensor with a multi-S-bend plastic optical fiber. Design/methodology/approach The principle of liquid sensing used is based on the leakage of higher modes out of the fiber and repeated regeneration in the following bend sections. Therefore, a propagation loss was introduced in every bend section of the fiber with the loss depending on the refractive index of the environment. Findings Therefore, a continue shift in the liquid level can be detected by observing changes in the propagation loss of the fiber. The sensor features compactness and a flexible resolution. Originality/value Compared with the exited ones, the sensor has capability of continue liquid measurement and a greater measurement range.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bend sensing"

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Lowder, Tyson Lee. "Surface Relief D-Fiber Bragg Gratings for Sensing Applications." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2644.pdf.

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Birri, Anthony. "Investigation of the Combined Effects of Simultaneous Heating and Bending of Silica Optical Fiber." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523878305649017.

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Kurt, Hamza. "Photonic crystals analysis, design and biochemical sensing applications /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06252006-174301/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Papapolymerou, John, Committee Member ; Adibi, Ali, Committee Member ; Citrin, David, Committee Chair ; Summers, Christopher, Committee Member ; Voss, Paul, Committee Member.

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Westaway, Richard Martin. "Development of remote sensing methods for measurement of large, gravel-bed, braided rivers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621427.

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Spano, Joseph S. (Joseph Samuel). "Design and control of reconfigurable bed/chair system with body pressuring sensing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43922.

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Goldblatt, William M. "Electromagnetic induction sensing of individual tracer particles in a circulating fluidized bed." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30918.

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Understanding the trajectories of particulate solids inside a flow-through reactor, such as the riser of a recirculating fluidized bed, is a basic requisite to accurately modelling the reactor. However, these trajectories, which are complicated by gross internal recirculation, are not readily measurable. Conventional means of measuring the residence time distribution can be applied to closed boundaries, such as the exit of the riser. Doing so, however, does not directly provide the details of the trajectories within the riser. In order to determine these trajectories, meaningful measurements must be made at the open boundaries between the adjacent axial regions which, in total, make up the riser. Transient tracer concentration measurements at open boundaries are ambiguous because, as tracer material recirculates past the sensor, its concentration is repeatedly recorded, with no distinction as to which region (above or below the boundary) it has just resided in. A method designed to eliminate this ambiguity at open boundaries is reported in this thesis. By repeatedly introducing single tracer particles into the riser, and measuring the time of passage through each axial region, the residence time distributions for each region can be obtained from the frequency density of these times. The crux of this approach is being able to sense individual tracer particles. The major thrust of this investigation has been to find a practical means to this end. The final sensor considered in this investigation is based on electromagnetic induction: a magnetic primary field induces an eddy current in a conductive tracer particle, and the resulting secondary field is sensed, indicating the presence of the tracer particle in the sensing volume. Noise, resulting from direct coupling between transmitter and receiver coils, electrostatics, and vibrations, determines the sensitivity of the device. The final prototype sensor is limited in sensitivity to relatively large tracer particles, and it is incapable of measuring tracer velocity. Nevertheless, the trajectory of large particles is of practical significance for circulating fluidized beds. Limited tests were conducted in a 0.15 m ID x 9.14 m tall acrylic riser where the tracer particles were injected opposite the solids re-entry point, and were sensed by a single sensor located at an open boundary 7.5 m downstream. At each of the two superficial gas velocities considered, and above a threshold solids flux, the time-of-flight frequency density between the injector and the sensor for these large tracer particles does not change with increasing flux of the fine solids. This result is incongruous with obvious changes in the macro-flow structure occurring in the riser. Recommended changes in the sensor would allow measurement of the direction and speed of the tracer, as it passes by the sensor, as well as potentially reducing noise. With these improvements, it would be useful to install multiple sensors along the full length of the riser. The information obtainable from such a configuration would greatly enhance understanding of the detailed trajectories within the riser.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Kubina, Bernd [Verfasser], Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Jakoby, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Vossiek. "Chipless Wireless High-Temperature Sensing in Time-Variant Environments / Bernd Kubina ; Rolf Jakoby, Martin Vossiek." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140166239/34.

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Zen, Simone. "Bio-morphodynamics of evolving river meander bends from remote sensing, field observations and mathematical modelling." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9081.

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Interactions between fluvial processes and vegetation along the natural channel margins have been shown to be fundamental in determining meandering rivers development. By colonizing exposed sediments, riparian trees increase erosion resistance and stabilize fluvial sediment transport through their root systems, while during a flood event the above-ground biomass interacts with the water flow inducing sediment deposition and altering scour patterns. In turn river dynamics and hydrology influence vegetative biomass growth, affecting the spatial distribution of vegetation. These bio-morphological dynamics have been observed to direct control accretion and degradation rates of the meander bend. In particular, vegetation encroachments within the point bar (i.e. colonizing species and strand wood), initiate pioneeristic landforms that, when evolving, determine the lateral shifting of the margin that separates active channel from river floodplain and thus inner bank aggradation (bar push). This diminishes the portion of the morphologically active channel cross-section, influencing the erosion of the cutting bank and promoting channel widening (bank pull ). As a result of the cyclical occurrence of these erosional and depositional processes, meandering rivers floodplain show a typical ridge and swale pattern characterized by the presence of complex morphological structures, namely, benches, scrolls and chutes within the new-created floodplain. Moreover, difference in migration rate between the two banks have been observed to induce local temporal variations in channel width that affect river channel morphodynamics and its overall planform through their influence on the local flow field and channel bed morphology. Despite enormous advances in field and laboratory techniques and modelling development of the last decades, little is known about the relation between floodplain patterns and their controlling bio-morphological interactions that determine the bank accretion process. This knowledge gap has so far limited the development of physically-based models for the evolution of meandering rivers able to describe the lateral migration of banklines separately. Most existing meander migration models are indeed based on the hypothesis of constant channel width. Starting from this knowledge gap, the present doctoral research has aimed to provide more insight in the mutual interactions among flow, sediment transport and riparian vegetation dynamics in advancing banks of meandering rivers. In order to achieve its aims, the research has been designed as an integration of remote sensing and in-situ field observations with a mathematical modelling approach to i) provide a quantitative description of vegetation and floodplain channel topography patterns in advancing meanders bend and to ii) explore the key control factors and their role in generating the observed patterns. The structure of the present PhD work is based on four main elements. First, two types of airborne historical data (air photographs and Lidar survey) have been investigated, in order to quantify the effects of spatial-temporal evolution of vegetation pattern on meander morphology and to provide evidence for the influence of vegetation within the topography of the present floodplain. Such remote sensing analysis has highlighted a strong correspondence between riparian canopy structure and geomorphological patterns within the floodplain area: this has clearly shown the need to interpret the final river morphology as the result of a two-way interaction between riparian vegetation dynamics and river processes. Second, field measurements have been conducted on a dynamic meander bend of the lower reach of the Tagliamento River, Italy, with the initial aim of checking the outcomes of the remote sensing analysis through ground data. The outcomes of the field measurements have further supported the results, providing ground evidence on the relations between vegetation and topographic patterns within the transition zone that is intermediate between the active channel bed and the vegetated portion of the accreting floodplain. The influence of vegetation on inner bank morphology has also been interpreted in the light of the expected time scales of inundation and geomorphic dynamics that characterize the advancing process of the inner bank. The combined analysis of both remotely sensed data and field measurements associated with the historical hydrological dataset have allowed to quantitatively characterize the biophysical characteristics of the buffer zone, close to the river edge, where the accretion processes take place. The third research element has foreseen the development of a biophysically- based, simplified bio-morphodynamic model for the lateral migration of a meander bend that took advantage of the empirical knowledge gained in the analysis of field data. The model links a minimalist approach that includes biophysically-based relationships to describe the interaction between riparian vegetation and river hydro-morphodynamic processes, and employs a non linear mathematical model to describe the morphodynamics of meander channel bed. Model application has allowed to reproduce the spatial oscillations of vegetation biomass density and ground morphology observed in the previous analyses. Overall, the model allows to understand the role of the main controlling factors for the ground and vegetation patterns that characterize the advancing river bank and to investigate the temporal dynamics of the morphologically active channel width, providing insights into the bank pull and bar push phenomena. The fourth and concluding element of the present PhD research is an analytical investigation of the fundamental role of unsteadiness on the morphodynamic response of the river channel. Results obtained in the previous elements have clearly showed the tendency of a meander bend to develop temporal oscillations of the active channel width during its evolution, but no predictive analytical tool was previously available to investigate the channel bed response to such non-stationary planform dynamics. A non linear model has therefore been proposed to investigate the effect of active channel width unsteadiness on channel bed morphology. The basic case of free bar instability in a straight channel has been used in this first investigation, which has shown the tendency of channel widening to increase river bed instability compared to the steady case, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Overall, the research conducted within the present Doctoral Thesis represents a step forward in understanding the bio-morphodynamics of meandering rivers that can help the development of a complete bio-morphodynamic model for meandering rivers evolution, able to provide support for sustainable river management.

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Husain, Muhammad Dawood. "Development of temperature sensing fabric." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-temperature-sensing-fabric(0e5e8367-c3b2-4cff-bcc9-f32fac97b50f).html.

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Human body temperature is an important indicator of physical performance and condition in terms of comfort, heat or cold stress. The aim of this research was to develop Temperature Sensing Fabric (TSF) for continuous temperature measurement in healthcare applications. The study covers the development and manufacture of TSF by embedding fine metallic wire into the structure of textile material using a commercial computerised knitting machine. The operational principle of TSF is based on the inherent propensity of a metal wire to respond to changes in temperature with variation in its electrical resistance. Over 60 TSF samples were developed with combinations of different sensing elements, two inlay densities and highly textured polyester yarn as the base material. TSF samples were created using either bare or insulated wires with a range of diameters from 50 to 150 μm and metal wires of nickel, copper, tungsten, and nickel coated copper. In order to investigate the Temperature-Resistance (T-R) relationship of TSF samples for calibration purposes, a customised test rig was developed and monitoring software was created in the LabVIEW environment, to record the temperature and resistance signals simultaneously. TSF samples were tested in various thermal environments, under laboratory conditions and in practical wear trials, to analyse the relationship between the temperature and resistance of the sensing fabric and to develop base line specifications such as sensitivity, resistance ratio, precision, nominal resistance, and response time; the influence of external parameters such as humidity and strain were also monitored. The regression uncertainty was found to be less than in ±0.1°C; the repeatability uncertainty was found to be less than ±0.5°C; the manufacturing uncertainty in terms of nominal resistance was found to be ± 2% from its mean. The experimental T-R relationship of TSF was validated by modelling in the thermo-electrical domain in both steady and transient states. A maximum error of 0.2°C was found between the experimental and modelled T-R relationships. TSF samples made with bare wire sensing elements showed slight variations in their resistance during strain tests, however, samples made with insulated sensing elements did not demonstrate any detectable strain-dependent-resistance error. The overall thermal response of TSF was found to be affected by basal fabric thickness and mass; the effect of RH was not found to be significant. TSF samples with higher-resistance sensing elements performed better than lower-resistance types. Furthermore, TSF samples made using insulated wire were more straightforward to manufacture because of their increased tensile strength and exhibited better sensing performance than samples made with bare wire. In all the human body wear trials, under steady-state and dynamic conditions both sensors followed the same trends and exhibited similar movement artifacts. When layers of clothing were worn over the sensors, the difference between the response of the TSF and a high-precision reference temperature were reduced by the improved isothermal conditions near the measurement site.

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Shintani, Christina. "Comparing Photogrammetric and Spectral Depth Techniques in Extracting Bathymetric Data from a Gravel-Bed River." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20517.

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Recent advances in through-water photogrammetry and optical imagery indicate that accurate, continuous bathymetric mapping may be possible in shallow, clear streams. This research directly compares the ability of through-water photogrammetry and spectral depth approaches to extract water depth for monitoring fish habitat. Imagery and cross sections were collected on a 140 meter reach of the Salmon River, Oregon, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and rtk-GPS. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) software produced a digital elevation model (DEM) (1.5 cm) and orthophoto (0.37 cm). The photogrammetric approach of applying a site-specific refractive index provided the most accurate (mean error 0.009 m) and precise (standard deviation of error 0.17 m) bathymetric data (R2 = 0.67) over the spectral depth and the 1.34 refractive index approaches. This research provides a quantitative comparison between and within bathymetric mapping methods, and suggests that a site-specific refractive index may be appropriate for similar gravel-bed, relatively shallow, clear streams.

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Books on the topic "Bend sensing"

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Strain sensing using optical fibers: Final report. Cookeville, Tenn: Center for Manufacturing Research and Technology Utilization, 1994.

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Baloh, Robert W. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190600129.003.0001.

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The inner ear contains three major sensory receptors: the crista of the semicircular canals for sensing angular acceleration, the macule of the utricle and saccule for sensing linear acceleration, and the organ of Corti of the cochlea for sensing sound. Vertigo is an illusion of movement—usually spinning or turning but occasionally linear movement or tilt. Abnormalities of the inner ear or its connections in the brain cause an illusion of movement—vertigo. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is by far the most common cause of vertigo. Sudden violent spells of spinning are triggered by a change in position, such as turning over in bed, getting in and out of bed, and extending the head back to look up. This book tells the story of how the cause of BPPV was discovered and how a simple bedside cure was developed.

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Anderson, Iain A., and Benjamin M. O’Brien. Muscles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0020.

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Mechanical devices that include home appliances, automobiles, and airplanes are typically driven by electric motors or combustion engines through gearboxes and other linkages. Airplane wings, for example, have hinged control surfaces such as ailerons. Now imagine a wing that has no hinged control surfaces or linkages but that instead bends or warps to assume an appropriate shape, like the wing of a bird. Such a device could be enabled using an electro-active polymer technology based on electronic artificial muscles. Artificial muscles act directly on a structure, like our leg muscles that are attached by tendon to our bones and that through phased contraction enable us to walk. Sensory feedback from our muscles enables proprioceptive control. So, for artificial muscles to be used appropriately we need to pay attention not only to mechanisms for muscle actuation but also to how we can incorporate self-sensing feedback for the control of position.

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Monitoring food safety· agriculture· and plant health : 29-30 October 2003· Providence· Rhode Island· USA / Bent S. Bennedsen ... [et al.]· chairs/editors ; sponsored ... by SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering. Bellingham· WA: SPIE Press·, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bend sensing"

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Marcus, W. Andrew. "Remote Sensing of the Hydraulic Environment in Gravel-Bed Rivers." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 259–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch21.

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Rus, Silvia, Tobias Grosse-Puppendahl, and Arjan Kuijper. "Recognition of Bed Postures Using Mutual Capacitance Sensing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14112-1_5.

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Takanokura, M., M. Miyake, M. Kawakami, T. Yamada, S. Taki, and M. Kakehi. "Systems Approach for Preventing Falls in Hospitals and Nursing Homes Using Sensing Devices Surrounding the Patient’s Bed." In Health Care Systems Engineering for Scientists and Practitioners, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35132-2_1.

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Alvarez Bestard, Guillermo, and Sadek Crisostomo Absi Alfaro. "Automatic Control of the Weld Bead Geometry." In Welding - Modern Topics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91914.

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Automatic control of the welding process is complex due to its nonlinear and stochastic behavior and the difficulty for measuring the principal magnitudes and closing the control loop. Fusion welds involve melting and subsequent solidification of one or more materials. The geometry of the weld bead is a good indicator of the melting and solidification process, so its control is essential to obtain quality junctions. Different sensing, modeling, estimation, and control techniques are used to overcome this challenge, but most of the studies are using static single-input/single-output models of the process and focusing on the flat welding position. However, theory and practice demonstrate that dynamic models are the best representation to obtain satisfactory control performance, and multivariable techniques reduce the effect of interactions between control loops in the process. Also, many industrial applications need to control orbital welding. In this chapter, the above topics are discussed.

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Hoque, Enamul, Robert F. Dickerson, and John A. Stankovic. "Monitoring Sleep with WISP Tags." In Security and Trends in Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform Tags, 173–92. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1990-6.ch007.

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This chapter presents a sleep monitoring system based on WISP tags. The authors show that their system accurately infers fine-grained body positions from accelerometer data collected from the WISP tags attached to the sides of a bed. Movements, duration, and bed entrances and exits are also detected by the system. The chapter presents the results of an empirical study from 10 subjects on three different mattresses in controlled experiments to show the accuracy of the inference algorithms. The authors also evaluate the accuracy of the movement detection and body position inference for six nights on one subject, and compare these results with two baseline systems. Preliminary data investigating the correlation between sleep stages from the Zeo and movement is also presented.

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Draganov, Deyan, Xu Ma, Menno Buisman, Tjeerd Kiers, Karel Heller, and Alex Kirichek. "Non-Intrusive Characterization and Monitoring of Fluid Mud: Laboratory Experiments with Seismic Techniques, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)." In Sediment Transport - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98420.

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In ports and waterways, the bathymetry is regularly surveyed for updating navigation charts ensuring safe transport. In port areas with fluid-mud layers, most traditional surveying techniques are accurate but are intrusive and provide one-dimensional measurements limiting their application. Current non-intrusive surveying techniques are less accurate in detecting and monitoring muddy consolidated or sandy bed below fluid-mud layers. Furthermore, their application is restricted by surveying-vessels availability limiting temporary storm- or dredging-related bathymetrical changes capture. In this chapter, we first review existing non-intrusive techniques, with emphasis on sound techniques. Then, we give a short review of several seismic-exploration techniques applicable to non-intrusive fluid-mud characterization and monitoring with high spatial and temporal resolution. Based on the latter, we present recent advances in non-intrusive fluid-mud monitoring using ultrasonic transmission and reflection measurements. We show laboratory results for monitoring velocity changes of longitudinal and transverse waves propagating through fluid mud while it is consolidating. We correlate the velocity changes with shear-strength changes while the fluid mud is consolidating and show a positive correlation with the yield stress. We show ultrasonic laboratory results using reflection and transmission techniques for estimating the fluid-mud longitudinal- and transverse-wave velocities. For water/mud interface detection, we also use distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS).

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Bakker, M., and S. N. Lane. "Integrated investigation of space-time variability in bed load transport rates using remote sensing." In River Sedimentation, 145. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315623207-30.

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Monteiro, Ana Carolina, Reinaldo P. Franca, Vania V. Estrela, Sandro R. Fernandes, Abdeldjalil Khelassi, R. Jenice Aroma, Kumudha Raimond, Yuzo Iano, and Ali Arshaghi. "UAV-CPSs as a test bed for new technologies and a primer to Industry 5.0." In Imaging and Sensing for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Volume 2: Deployment and Applications, 1–22. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbce120g_ch1.

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Lorang, M. S., F. R. Hauer, D. C. Whited, and P. L. Matson. "Using airborne remote-sensing imagery to assess flow releases from a dam in order to maximize renaturalization of a regulated gravel-bed river." In The Challenges of Dam Removal and River Restoration. Geological Society of America, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2013.4121(10).

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Conference papers on the topic "Bend sensing"

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Donlagic, Denis, Borut Lenardic, and Saeed Rehman. "Bend insensitive multimode fibers with extreme bend loss tolerance and high bandwidth." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Alex A. Kazemi, Nicolas Javahiraly, Allen S. Panahi, Simon Thibault, and Bernard C. Kress. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.921407.

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LaComb, Ronald, and Julie LaComb. "Electro-active material (EAM) based bend sensors." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Weilin (Will) Hou and Robert A. Arnone. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.848061.

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James, Stephen W. "Bend sensing using optical fibre long period gratings." In Fourteenth International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, edited by A. G. Mignani and H. C. Lefèvre. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2302176.

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Shahmiri, Fereshteh, and Paul H. Dietz. "ShArc: A Geometric Technique for Multi-Bend/Shape Sensing." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376269.

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Askins, Charles G., Gary A. Miller, and E. Joseph Friebele. "Bend and Twist Sensing in a Multiple-Core Optical Fiber." In 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - OFC 2008 Collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2008.4528404.

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Askins, Charles G., Gary A. Miller, and E. Joseph Friebele. "Bend and twist sensing in a multi-core optical fiber." In LEOS 2008 - 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2008.4688512.

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Ivanov, Alexei, and Jacques Albert. "Tilted fiber Bragg gratings stubs for vibration and bend sensing." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2007.jwa49.

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Hu, Xuehao, Xianfeng Chen, Chen Liu, Patrice Mégret, and Christophe Caucheteur. "D-shaped Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Grating for Bend Sensing." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2015.ses2b.5.

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Ye, Chen-Chun, Cathy Y. Wei, S. Khaliq, Stephen W. James, P. E. Irving, and Ralph P. Tatam. "Bend sensing in structures using long-period optical fiber gratings." In Symposium on Applied Photonics, edited by Pierre F. Gobin and Clifford M. Friend. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.396412.

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Ye, Chen-Chun, Stephen W. James, and Ralph P. Tatam. "Long-period fiber gratings for simultaneous temperature and bend sensing." In Symposium on Applied Photonics, edited by Alan J. Rogers. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.397896.

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Reports on the topic "Bend sensing"

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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Abstract:

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.

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