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Huang, Wenting, Kritika Kachapati, David Adams, Yuehong Wu, Patrick Leung, Guo-Xiang Yang, Weici Zhang, et al. "Murine autoimmune cholangitis requires two hits: cytotoxic KLRG1+ CD8 effector cells and defective T regulatory cells (BA13P.122)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 177.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.177.8.
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Abstract Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an enigmatic disease mediated by autoimmune destruction of cholangiocytes in hepatic bile ducts. Early immunological events in PBC are poorly understood; clinical signs of disease occur very late in the pathological process. We have used our unique murine model of PBC in dominant-negative TGF-β receptor type II transgenic mice to delineate critical early immunopathological pathways, and previously showed that dnTGFβRII CD8 T cells alone transfer biliary disease. Herein we report significantly increased numbers of hepatic terminally differentiated (KLRG1+) CD8 T cells in dnTGFβRII compared to B6; these cells are the major cytotoxic CD8 subset. Unexpectedly, the disease is not simply CD8 T cell intrinsic since mixed bone marrow chimeric mice were protected from biliary disease. Adoptive transfer studies showed that co-transfer of B6 but not dnTGFβRII Tregs prevented dnTGFβRII CD8 T cell mediated cholangitis; the protection was associated with decreased numbers of hepatic KLRG1+ CD8 T cells and with elimination of hepatic dnTGFβRII CD8 mediated cholangiocyte cytotoxicity. DnTGFβRII Treg cells were inferior in suppressing effector CD8 T cells in vitro compared to wild type B6 Tregs. In conclusion, these results emphasize that autoimmune cholangitis requires defects in both the T effector and regulatory compartments, which has important implications for understanding the early pathogenesis of human PBC.
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Tucker, Rebecca, Ronald Gill, and Cara Mack. "Generation of T-cell Hybridomas Specific for Bile Duct and Rhesus Rotavirus Antigens in a Murine Model of Biliary Atresia (130.27)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.130.27.
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Abstract Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-inoculated neonatal BALB/c mice develop an immune mediated inflamation of both extra- and intraheptatic bile ducts which progresses to biliary obstruction and death by 3 weeks of age. The livers of diseased animals demonstrate increased numbers of T-lymphocytes along with elevated expression of Th1 type cytokines at both one and two weeks. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that the liver infiltrating T-lymphocytes are both RRV-reactive and autoreactive to bile duct antigens. In addition, transfer of T-cells from diseased animals leads to inflamation of bile ducts in SCID mice. This inflamation occurs in the absence of virus, suggesting that bile duct antigens alone are capable of soliciting this response. In order to identify the antigens being targeted, and to determine if the autoreactivity arises via an epitope spreading or molecular mimicry mechanism, we have generated T-cell hybridomas from the livers of 2 week old diseased mice. Initial analysis of these hybridomas reveals four classes of hybridomas. TCR positive but non-reactive to tested antigens,RRV-specific,bile duct-specific, anddual reactive to both RRV and bile duct antigens. Further study of these hybridomas should clarify what mechanism is occuring and assist in identification of autoantigens.
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Tucker, Rebecca, Stephen Brindley, and Cara Mack. "Regulatory T cell perturbation in biliary atresia (115.4)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 115.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.115.4.
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Abstract Biliary atresia (BA) is an inflammatory disease of the biliary system which leads to cirrhosis and the need for liver transplantation in the majority of children. The etiology of BA is unknown and one theory is that bile duct injury is due to a virus-induced, subsequent autoreactive T cell-mediated inflammatory insult. Perturbation of the quantity or function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in BA could result in unchecked autoimmunity. The aim of this study is to determine if Tregs are diminished or dysfunctional in murine and human BA. Murine BA results from infection of BALB/c neonates with Rhesus rotavirus (RRV). Mice infected with RRV on day 1 that received either Tregs or control T cells on day 5 led to a difference in disease status as early as 4 days post-transfer. This trend continued and biliary disease occurred in 67% of controls vs. 39% of Tregs recipients at 17 days of life. Secondly, ablation of functional Tregs in 4 day-old mice by treatment with a CD25-depleting antibody followed by RRV infection 3 days later results in increased bile duct infiltrate and disease incidence at 3 weeks of age. Finally, analysis of human PBMCs revealed a decreased percentage of FoxP3+ Tregs in BA patients (1.5±0.3%) compared to age-matched controls (4.1±0.7%). These studies suggest that lack of or dysregulation of Tregs is present in the murine model of BA and that diminished numbers of Tregs may be implicated in human BA progression.
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Probert, C. S., A. D. Christ, L. J. Saubermann, J. R. Turner, A. Chott, D. Carr-Locke, S. P. Balk, and R. S. Blumberg. "Analysis of human common bile duct-associated T cells: evidence for oligoclonality, T cell clonal persistence, and epithelial cell recognition." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 4 (February 15, 1997): 1941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.4.1941.
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Abstract The phenotype of T cells associated with the common bile duct (CBD) is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that they behave like other intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Thus, we sought to determine the phenotype, TCR repertoire, and epithelial recognition of T cells obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Three subjects were studied: two with primary sclerosing cholangitis and one normal control. After establishing a short-term T cell line, cells were 1) stained with mAbs for flow cytometric analysis, 2) analyzed for TCRB chain transcript expression, and 3) used as effector cells for cytotoxicity and proliferation. Flow cytometry revealed that for all the subjects 98% of the T cells were TCR-alpha beta-positive. Immunohistology of the CBD showed that the epithelium and lamina propria contained significant numbers of CD3+ CD43+ CD45RO+ lymphocytes. Complementarity-determining region 3 length displays suggested that the CBD-derived lines were oligoclonal. This was confirmed by cloning and random sequencing of PCR amplification products using TCRBV region family-specific primers; TCRB chain sequences were reiterated in all transcripts analyzed. In one case, two expanded TCRB clones could be identified that were persistent in the bile duct over a 1-yr period. The CBD-derived lines were cytolytic in a redirected lysis assay and caused cytolysis of an intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2). This recognition was likely preferential for intestinal epithelial cells, since a CBD-derived line exhibited proliferation to two intestinal epithelial cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2) but not three other lines (HepG2, human foreskin fibroblast, and KD). We conclude that the CBD contains IELs that share several characteristics with intestinal IELs.
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Uchida, Kazushige, Takeo Kusuda, Masanori Koyabu, Hideaki Miyoshi, Norimasa Fukata, Kimi Sumimoto, Yuri Fukui, et al. "Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis." International Journal of Rheumatology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/795026.
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Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a newly recognized pancreatic disorder. Recently, International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for AIP (ICDC) was published. In this ICDC, AIP was classified into Type 1 and Type 2. Patients with Type 1 AIP have several immunologic and histologic abnormalities specific to the disease, including increased levels of serum IgG4 and storiform fibrosis with infiltration of lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasmacytes in the involved organs. Among the involved organs showing extrapancreatic lesions, the bile duct is the most common, exhibiting sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). However, the role of IgG4 is unclear. Recently, it has been reported that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in both the development of various autoimmune diseases and the shift of B cells toward IgG4, producing plasmacytes. Our study showed that Tregs were increased in the pancreas with Type 1 AIP and IgG4-SC compared with control. In the patients with Type 1 AIP and IgG4-SC, the numbers of infiltrated Tregs were significantly positively correlated with IgG4-positive plasma cells. In Type 1 AIP, inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS)+and IL-10+Tregs significantly increased compared with control groups. Our data suggest that increased quantities of ICOS+Tregs may influence IgG4 production via IL-10 in Type 1 AIP.
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Jones, David E. J. "T-Cell Autoimmunity in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis." Clinical Science 91, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0910551.
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1. Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with an autoimmune aetiology. The classical histopathological lesion, of portal tract biliary epithelial cell damage, is accompanied by a T-cell-rich mononuclear cell infiltrate and upregulation of cell surface markers suggestive of local T-cell activation and cytokine release. This suggests that T-cell mediated mechanisms play an important role in tissue damage in primary biliary cirrhosis. 2. CD4+ T-cells specific for the E2 component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), a highly conserved enzyme which plays a critical role in intermediate metabolism, are present in the peripheral repertoire of the majority of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. These cells are almost entirely absent from normal and chronic liver disease control subjects. The observations that peripheral blood PDC-E2-specific cells are most commonly seen in early stage disease, when active bile duct damage is occurring, and that PDC-E2-specific cells can be found in the portal tract infiltrate at times when this damage is occurring, suggest that these autoreactive cells may have a role to play in the aetiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. 3. T-cells specific for the whole PDC and its E1 component are seen in significant numbers of normal control subjects as well as patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Retention of potentially autoreactive cells in the normal T-cell repertoire has been reported for a number of other autoantigens. 4. T-cell epitopes appear to be widely distributed throughout PDC-E2. This is in contrast to the B-cell epitopes which are highly restricted to the inner lipoyl binding domain of the protein.
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Fujihashi, K., J. R. McGhee, M. N. Kweon, M. D. Cooper, S. Tonegawa, I. Takahashi, T. Hiroi, J. Mestecky, and H. Kiyono. "gamma/delta T cell-deficient mice have impaired mucosal immunoglobulin A responses." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.4.1929.
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Mucosal tissues of mice are enriched in T cells that express the gamma/delta T cell receptor. Since the function of these cells remains unclear, we have compared mucosal immune responses in gamma/delta T cell receptor-deficient (TCRdelta-/-) mice versus control mice of the same genetic background. The frequency of intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells as well as IgA levels in serum, bile, saliva, and fecal samples were markedly reduced in TCRdelta-/- mice. The TCRdelta-/- mice produced much lower levels of IgA antibodies when immunized orally with a vaccine of tetanus toxoid plus cholera toxin as adjuvant. Conversely, the antigen-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses were comparable to orally immunized control mice. Direct assessment of the cells forming antibodies against the tetanus toxoid and cholera toxin antigens indicated that significantly lower numbers of IgA antibody-producing cells were present in the intestinal lamina propria and Peyer's patches of TCRdelta-/- mice compared with the orally immunized control mice. The selective reduction of IgA responses to ingested antigens in the absence of gamma/delta T cells suggests a specialized role for gamma/delta cells in mucosal immunity.
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Huang, Shing-Moo, Chung-Chin Yao, Ya-Wen Cheng, Ling-Yun Chen, Huichin Pan, Kuang-Ming Hsiao, Mei-Due Yang, Chew-Wun Wu, Wing-Yiu Lui, and Te-Jen Lai. "Laparoscopic Primary Closure of Common Bile Duct Combined with Percutaneous Cholangiographic Drainage for Treating Choledocholithiasis." American Surgeon 76, no. 5 (May 2010): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481007600521.
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The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic primary closure of the common bile duct (CBD) combined with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic drainage (PTCD) and laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with T-tube placement for the treatment of CBD stones. Between January 1991 and July 2002, 50 patients with choledocholithiasis and a CBD diameter larger than or equal to 1 cm underwent laparoscopic CBD explorations. The study group consisted of 10 patients undergoing laparoscopic primary closure of the CBD combined with PTCD. The control group consisted of 40 patients undergoing laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with T-tube placement. Parameters were compared statistically. The study group showed higher female/male ratio (6/4 vs 8/32, P = 0.02), less stone numbers (1.90 ± 0.88 vs 3.40 ± 1.65, P = 0.0078), shorter operation time (138 ± 37 minutes vs 191 ± 75 minutes, P = 0.014), and shorter postoperative stays (7 ± 3 days vs 10 ± 3 days, P = 0.0013). It seems that laparoscopic primary closure of the CBD combined with PTCD can shorten the operation time and postoperative stays as compared with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with T-tube placement for the treatment of CBD stones.
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Hofmann, Tanja, Sonja Schmucker, Vera Sommerfeld, Korinna Huber, Markus Rodehutscord, and Volker Stefanski. "Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium in Two Strains of Laying Hens." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010129.
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Insufficient nutrient supply can impair the immune system, which is important for animal health and welfare. Since chicken can partly hydrolyze phytate, which is the primary phosphorus storage in plant seeds, a reduction of mineral phosphorus in the diets could be an option for more sustainable egg production. Laying hens require high concentrations of calcium that might inhibit the function of endogenous enzymes for phytate hydrolyzation. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of standard and reduced dietary phosphorus and calcium concentrations on the number and functionality of immune cells in the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in a white and brown laying hen strain. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced several immune parameters such as B cells in blood and IgA concentrations in bile in both strains, and peripheral monocytes and T cells in cecal tonsils in brown hens. Reduced calcium levels resulted in lower numbers of T cells in blood and cecal tonsils in both strains, suggesting negative effects on adaptive immunity. Differences between the two strains were found in almost all immune parameters. Results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of reduced dietary mineral phosphorus on the immune system that is dependent on the genetic background.
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Hofmann, Tanja, Sonja Schmucker, Vera Sommerfeld, Korinna Huber, Markus Rodehutscord, and Volker Stefanski. "Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium in Two Strains of Laying Hens." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010129.
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Insufficient nutrient supply can impair the immune system, which is important for animal health and welfare. Since chicken can partly hydrolyze phytate, which is the primary phosphorus storage in plant seeds, a reduction of mineral phosphorus in the diets could be an option for more sustainable egg production. Laying hens require high concentrations of calcium that might inhibit the function of endogenous enzymes for phytate hydrolyzation. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of standard and reduced dietary phosphorus and calcium concentrations on the number and functionality of immune cells in the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in a white and brown laying hen strain. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced several immune parameters such as B cells in blood and IgA concentrations in bile in both strains, and peripheral monocytes and T cells in cecal tonsils in brown hens. Reduced calcium levels resulted in lower numbers of T cells in blood and cecal tonsils in both strains, suggesting negative effects on adaptive immunity. Differences between the two strains were found in almost all immune parameters. Results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of reduced dietary mineral phosphorus on the immune system that is dependent on the genetic background.
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Patial, Sonika, and Perry Blackshear. "Tristetraprolin family of RNA binding proteins post-transcriptionally regulate inflammation and metabolic responses in the liver." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 167.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.167.6.
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Abstract Tristetraprolin family of RNA binding proteins, including tristetraprolin (TTP), zinc finger protein 36 like 1 (ZFP36L1), and zinc finger protein 36 like 2 (ZFP36L2) regulate mRNA levels by binding to AU-rich elements on the 3′untranslated regions of specific mRNAs and enhancing their turnover. Global loss of TTP results in systemic inflammatory syndrome in mice; however, the physiological role of the other two TTP family members is unclear due to embryonic lethality of global knockout of ZFP36L1 and early post-natal death of global knockout of ZFP36L2. Here, using Cre-loxP technology, we independently and simultaneously (triple KO) deleted the three TTP family members in mouse liver and characterized the phenotype of the resulting mice strains using histopathological, immunohistochemical, clinical, and transcriptomic approaches. The triple KO mice exhibited chronic active peri-portal hepatitis, bile duct hyperplasia, and portal fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, increased numbers of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were detected within the peri-portal areas. Increased expression of heme-oxygenase-1, a marker of reactive oxygen species was also found. Clinically, serum levels of bile acids, bilirubin, and liver function enzymes were markedly elevated. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis of liver RNA demonstrated novel potential liver specific inflammatory and metabolic mRNA targets of TTP family proteins that are post-transcriptionally regulated by TTP family proteins in both specific and redundant manner. In summary, our study provides strong evidence that TTP family of RNA binding proteins maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis in the liver.
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Piegari, Giuseppe, Paola Pepe, Davide De Biase, Ilaria d’Aquino, Antonio Bosco, Giuseppe Cringoli, Serenella Papparella, Laura Rinaldi, and Orlando Paciello. "Immunopathological Response, Histological Changes, Parasitic Burden, and Egg Output in Sheep Naturally Infected by Dicrocoelium dendriticum." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020546.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between infection by Dicrocoelium dendriticum (class Trematoda) and the animal host response in terms of macroscopic lesions, the immunopathological response, and histological changes in the livers of naturally infected sheep. Twenty-four sheep were selected on the basis of positive D. dendriticum fecal egg counts (FECs). Gross and histological injuries were scored. A positive significant association was observed between the number of adult worms recovered from the liver, FEC, macroscopic lesions, fibrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia. A significant negative association was observed among these variables and the degree of leukocyte infiltration. In addition, immunophenotyping of the inflammatory cells was carried out using primary antibodies against T cell epitopes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), B cell epitopes (CD79α), and the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) antigen. Independently of the severity of the D. dendriticum infection, the predominant cell population was CD3-positive and associated with lesser numbers of CD79α- and Iba-I-positive cells. An increase in Iba-1-positive cells was observed in the livers of animals with a high worm burden. Our results provide a reference basis to better understand the local immune response in sheep naturally infected by D. dendriticum in relation to the FEC and parasitic burden.
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Pasternak, Ariel-Ram, and Shamir Yona. "Numerical Sayings in the Literatures of the Ancient Near East, in the Bible, in the Book of Ben-Sira and in Rabbinic Literature." Review of Rabbinic Judaism 19, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 202–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700704-12341305.
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This paper follows the use of numbers from the Bible and Ancient Near Eastern literature, through the book of Ben-Sira, and ultimately to the Rabbinic literature. We show that the Rabbis were familiar with the Biblical use of numbers as rhetorical devices and used numbers in the same ways that the Bible did.
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Sasaki, Takashi, Hiroyuki Isayama, Yousuke Nakai, Naminatsu Takahara, Dai Akiyama, Hiroshi Yagioka, Hirofumi Kogure, et al. "A retrospective study of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy as second-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.258.
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258 Background: The data of second-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer is still limited. We have previously reported feasibility study of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy for refractory biliary tract cancer (Sasaki T et al, Invest New Drugs 2011). In this feasibility study, only 20 pts were enrolled, and both second-line and third-line treatments were involved. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy as second-line treatment to clarify the treatment outcome of this combination therapy. Methods: Pts with advanced biliary tract cancer who were refractory to gemcitabine containing regimen were enrolled in this study. Gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2were administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 repeated every 3 weeks. Results: Fifty-nine pts were enrolled in this study. Patient characteristics were: median age 68 (range 25-84); male/female 32/27; performance status 0/1/2 (15/38/6). The primary tumor site was; 24 pts in gallbladders, 18 pts in intrahepatic bile ducts, 15 pts in extrahepatic bile ducts, and 2 pts in ampulla of Vater. The numbers of the pts with locally advanced, metastatic, and recurrent cases were 8, 44, and 7, respectively. Four pts received gemcitabine monotherapy and 55 pts received gemcitabine and S-1 combination therapy as first-line treatment. Response rate and disease control rate were 1.7% and 56.0%, respectively. The median time-to-progression and median overall survival were 3.9 months (95%CI, 2.6 – 5.0 months) and 6.4 months (95%CI, 4.9 – 8.0 months), respectively. Conclusions: Gemcitabine and cisplatin combination therapy showed a moderate efficacy for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer as second-line treatment.
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March, Duane T., Kimberly Vinette-Herrin, Andrew Peters, Ellen Ariel, David Blyde, Doug Hayward, Les Christidis, and Brendan P. Kelaher. "Hematologic and biochemical characteristics of stranded green sea turtles." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, no. 3 (February 13, 2018): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718757819.
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To improve understanding of pathophysiologic processes occurring in green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas) stranded along the east coast of Australia, we retrospectively examined the hematologic and biochemical blood parameters of 127 green turtles admitted to 2 rehabilitation facilities, Dolphin Marine Magic (DMM) and Taronga Zoo (TZ), between 2002 and 2016. The predominant size class presented was small immature animals (SIM), comprising 88% and 69% of admissions to DMM and TZ, respectively. Significant differences in blood profiles were noted between facility, size, and outcome. Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and heterophils were poor prognostic indicators in animals from TZ, but not DMM. SIM animals at both institutions had lower protein levels than large older (LO) animals. SIM animals at DMM also had lower hematocrit and monocyte concentration; SIM animals at TZ had lower heterophil counts. Urea was measured for 27 SIM animals from TZ, but the urea-to-uric acid ratio was not prognostically useful. Strong correlations were seen between AST and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; r = 0.68) and uric acid and bile acids ( r = 0.72) in the 45 SIM animals from DMM in which additional analytes were measured. χ2 contingency tests showed that the most recently published reference intervals were not prognostically useful. A paired t-test showed that protein levels rose and heterophil numbers fell in the 15 SIM animals from TZ during the rehabilitation process. Our results indicate that further work is required to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers for green turtles.
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Pasternak, Ariel Ram, and Shamir Yona. "The Use of Numbers as an Editing Device in Rabbinic Literature." Review of Rabbinic Judaism 20, no. 2 (August 3, 2017): 193–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700704-12341327.
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In the first part of this paper (Review of Rabbinic Literature 19:2, pp. 202–244) we followed the use of numbers from the Bible and Ancient Near Eastern literatures through the book of Ben-Sira and ultimately into Rabbinic literature. We showed that the Rabbis were familiar with the Biblical use of numbers as a rhetoric device and used numbers in similar ways. In this conclusion of our paper we will show how the Rabbis used numbers as an editing device in the Mishnah, Tosefta and Babylonian Talmud. This use of the rhetorical device in question is only rarely attested in the Hebrew Bible.
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Dian Juli Adisaputra and Aji Suseno. "Perspektif Filsafat Matematika Dalam Alkitab Di Era Disrupsi." Manna Rafflesia 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 567–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v8i2.231.
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Mathematics is an absolute truth that has a definite value, and mathematics is a science that studies numbers, numbers, formulas, and calculation analyses. While the Bible is the living Word of God as a guide for Christian beliefs. One of the results of the development of mathematical philosophy of thought in the current era of disruption is that humans can experience the Bible in digital form. This writing uses the Literature Study method, and the results of this study show that the perspective of the philosophy of mathematics in the Bible shows the perfection of God in every calculation. It should be understood together that without realizing the results of the proof of every mathematical calculation in this paper is the result of the formulation of God's mathematical philosophy which has been applied to an object of Bible texts related to mathematics.
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Sugiyama, Haruko, Yoshinobu Maeda, Hisakazu Nishimori, Koichiro Kobayashi, Miyuki Nishie-Kataoka, Takanori Teshima, and Mitsune Tanimoto. "Cyclosporine, but Not mTOR Inhibitors, Hampers the Reconstitution of Bone Marrow-Derived Tregs in Long-Term Complete Donor chimeras ." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2331.2331.
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Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most common complication in the late stage after allogenic hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation (SCT), but the pathophysiology and treatment strategy of chronic GVHD remain poorly defined. Prolonged administration of cyclosporine (CSA) did not decrease the risk of chronic GVHD. Recent studies using a mouse model have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) can influence immune responses, and Tregs in the grafts can prevent acute GVHD when injected together with donor T cells. However, it is not known whether Tregs remain in the grafts in the late stage of SCT and play a role in preventing chronic GVHD. First, we examined the origin of Tregs using a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched mouse SCT model. Lethally irradiated C3H/HeN(H-2k) recipient mice received 10x106 T-cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) cells from B6.Ly-5a(H-2b, CD45.1) mice and 1x106 spleen cells from C57BL/6(B6, H-2b, CD45.2) mice. Spleen cells were collected from SCT recipient mice at serial time points and subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Transplanted mice displayed complete donor hematopoietic chimerism and mild acute GVHD at day14. On day 21 (early stage) after SCT, host type Tregs (CD4+FoxP3+ H-2k) were no longer detectable, and most of the Tregs (83±3%) were derived from donor spleen Tregs (H-2b, CD45.2). However, the homeostatic expansion of spleen Tregs gradually contracted and newly arising donor BM-derived Tregs (H-2b CD45.1) became dominant (93.8±0.5%) in the late stage of SCT (day 120). As in the spleen, BM-derived Tregs reconstitution in the late stage was seen in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes. Moreover, in a minor MHC-mismatched SCT model (B6 into C3H.SW), Tregs in the late stage were derived from donor BM cells (97.0±0.2%). These BM-derived Tregs suppress alloreactivity in the same manner as naturally occurring Tregs isolated from naïve mice in the MLR. Next, we compared the effects of CSA and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) on Tregs reconstitution. Mice receiving CSA or RAPA showed the same Tregs reconstitution pattern: in the early and late stages, Tregs were derived from donor spleen and BM cells, respectively. However, the number of Tregs in the spleen was reduced significantly in mice receiving CSA, as compared to control mice receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 1.3±0.2x106 vs. 2.4±0.6x106) at day 110. In particular, the number of Tregs in the thymus was reduced dramatically in mice receiving CSA (0.7±0.2 x105 vs. 2.6±0.5x105 , P<0.02). By contrast, the numbers of Tregs in both the thymus and spleen from RAPA-treated mice were the same as those from PBS-treated mice. Mice treated with everolimus, another mTOR inhibitor, also showed no reduction in the numbers of Tregs. Histologic examination revealed that CSA-treated mice showed pathogenic features of chronic GVHD, including sclerodermatous skin changes, bile duct loss, fibrosis in the portal area of the liver and fibrosis and atrophy of acinar tissue in the salivary glands, while RAPA-treated mice showed no sign of chronic GVHD. Our findings indicate that a) Tregs cannot remain in grafts in the late stage, and newly arising donor BM-derived Tregs became dominant; b) CSA hampers BM-derived Tregs reconstitution and may be associated with the development of chronic GVHD; and c) mTOR inhibitors do not hamper Tregs reconstitution and might prove beneficial for the treatment of both acute and chronic GVHD. Figure Figure
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Tekcan, Ahmet, and Alper Erdem. "t-cobalancing numbers and t-cobalancers." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 26, no. 1 (2020): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2020.26.1.45-58.
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BELBACHIR, Hacene, and Assia Fettouma TEBTOUB. "The $t$-successive associated Stirling numbers, $t$-Fibonacci--Stirling numbers, and unimodality." TURKISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 41 (2017): 1279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/mat-1506-83.
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Holder, Rodney. "Ramified Natural Theology in Science and Religion: Moving Forward from Natural Theology." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 4 (December 2021): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf12-21holder.
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RAMIFIED NATURAL THEOLOGY IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Moving Forward from Natural Theology by Rodney Holder. New York: Routledge, 2021. 244 pages. Hardcover; $160.00. ISBN: 9780367373191. *"Natural theology" is the study of what can be learned about God from a consideration of the universe of nature, and it has often been used to support claims of God's existence. The theologian Richard Swinburne applied Bayesian probability theory to various aspects of natural theology in order to present a justification for God's existence that could be evaluated numerically. Such a method has a certain objectivity about it, he felt. Moreover, it can be applied further to support the specific claims of the Christian faith through a similar treatment of historical facts given in the Bible. This latter effort he called "ramified natural theology," and it is the subject of the present book by Rodney Holder, who held a DPhil from Oxford in astrophysics before being ordained into the Anglican ministry. *This approach to Christian teaching is to be contrasted with those that are based on taking the scriptures as doctrinally authoritative in themselves, as exemplified by the position of Karl Barth. With ramified natural theology, the scriptures must be regarded as historical documents written in good faith by the authors of the time--just as any historian would normally assume about any historical documents--but with the proviso that supernatural events such as miracles are to be accepted as possible. That is something that academic historians will not allow, and it marks a key difference between the two disciplines. Arguing from a historic basis of the scriptures is, of course, not new. What is more innovative is to combine this with a consideration of natural theology, and to use a common analytical technique such as Bayesian theory to assign overall probabilities to the truths of central Christian beliefs. *Bayesian probability theory is a well-established technique. A good illustration would be of a doctor who is visited by a patient displaying symptoms that could come from one of several diseases. But which one? It is known from published statistics what is the a priori probability for a given citizen to have each of these diseases, and the probability for each of them to give the reported set of symptoms. From this information, the doctor can multiply the numbers together to obtain the relative probabilities that the patient has each of the possible diseases. The Bayesian formula allows the doctor to quantify the relative importance of each symptom and find the most likely diagnosis. *This approach can also be used to give believability estimates for more-abstract propositions. For each alternative proposition under consideration we must propose an a priori believability, taken to resemble a probability. We then consider the likelihood that each of the propositions could give rise to a set of given observations, and we finally apply the Bayesian formula. This may persuade us that one initial proposition is much more believable than another, but it does depend on the formation of numerical estimates of believability. These might be objective numbers that we do not know very well, or they may be intrinsically subjective in nature. It seems to me that the most important cases are unavoidably subjective, but quantifying one's degree of belief may be helpful in order to make progress. *Holder applies this type of analysis to the philosopher David Hume's skeptical evaluation of miracles. Hume argued that for a reported miracle, the proposition that it is mistaken is always more probable than the proposition that it is true--but we can put some numbers into this. Suppose that there is testimony T that a given miracle M has occurred, and that God G is proposed as the source of this miracle. Holder calculates a formula which I write here (slightly re-expressed) in order to give a flavor of the contents of the book: P(G|T) = P(G) {P(M|G) + P(T|~M)} / {P(G) P(M|G) + P(T|~M)}. *This is to be interpreted as saying that the probability that God is the source of the miracle as attested, P(G|T), is to be evaluated in terms of three quantities: the a priori likelihood of God's existence, P(G), the probability that God will perform this miracle, P(M|G), and the probability P(T|~M) that this testimony will be obtained when such a miracle did not occur (Hume's mistaken testimony). These numbers are clearly uncertain, but if we are sufficiently confident in the smallness of P(T|~M), and are willing to believe that God may perform miracles, then even a small initial belief in God can be enhanced by a large numerical factor by the testimony of the miracle. *Holder begins his account by discussing the natural theology of God as the First Cause of the universe and of its apparent physical fine-tuning to give intelligent life. Fuller accounts of these subjects have been given elsewhere (including in my own book) and can be referred to. Holder is concerned to provide enough information to justify the application of the Bayesian method to support a proposed belief in God, but most chapters in the book use Bayesian method to support belief in the Christian teaching of the death and resurrection of Jesus, using as factual evidence the material recorded in the Gospels and in other places. Extremely high levels of credibility can be claimed using this method, which can be combined with the natural theology arguments. Holder argues that the conclusions follow convincingly even when the assumptions and numerical probabilities that are used are allowed to vary considerably. *There are, however, some deficiencies in the Bayesian method that may impede its use. It might be questionable, as Holder accepts, to take the different pieces of evidence for the Resurrection in the New Testament as independent witness accounts. This they probably are, I would happily agree, but a determined skeptic might want to write off entire accounts at one go. After all, the later church had no hesitation in dismissing the so-called apocryphal gospels--for good reasons, needless to say--but we must be justly confident that the accepted gospels are the genuine article. Since the main reason that skeptics usually have for doubting this is that they disbelieve the contents, their argumentation may often seem circular. Holder is quite good at rejecting the methodology of skeptical scholars such as Bultmann. *A more serious problem is that the Bayesian method cannot convince the total skeptic. That is, if someone's initial belief value of a proposition is zero, then multiplying this value by a large numerical Bayesian factor will still give zero. For this reason, as Holder states but perhaps not strongly enough, the employment of another method such as "inference to the best explanation" may be indispensable. In this way, one might perhaps convince the skeptic to accept some kind of nonzero likelihood of God after all, and then the Bayesian method may help--at least to make it clear that evidence can indeed be cumulative and can be used to give ordered reasons for belief when strong enough. But the total skeptic may require a different kind of approach. Hume simply disbelieved in miracles. There are people today who likewise disbelieve in miracles, and there are those today who would likewise reject them "on principle," whatever the evidence presented. *Even with these reservations, the Bayesian method provides a healthy contrast to the kind of vagueness that often seems to beset theological discussion. It proposes attributing defined numerical values to all quantities and evaluates their consequences. Even if the reader is unconvinced by the method's claimed precision, it does at least give a clear indication of where a well-specified argument is capable of leading. *Even without the Bayesian aspects, the book is useful in collecting together quite a lot of material that is relevant for presenting the Christian faith. I would, however, point to two areas that are not very well covered. One is the entire topic of biological evolution, which has been the subject of so much familiar controversy and really needs a bit of clear discussion to decide whether it adds to the natural theology. The other is that incidental textual details found in the New Testament are themselves capable of adding considerably to our belief in the documents' historical authenticity. F. F. Bruce and, more recently, Peter Williams have published accessible studies of this, and it is an area that strongly merits being taken into consideration. *Throughout the book Holder's writing is clear and readable, although some of the on-the-fly references to various philosophers and theologians might frustrate a beginner. One must digest a fair bit of mathematics at the level illustrated above. It seems to me that, on the whole, the book is a graduate-level text whose hefty price-tag (even the e-version is not inexpensive--$48.95) will deter many potential readers. Still, within its given remit and despite a few limitations, the book does a good job. It can be well recommended for theological libraries and researchers in the area. I suspect, however, that the conclusions may need to be de-mathematized a little in order to convince ordinary citizens. *Reviewed by Peter J. Bussey, Emeritus Reader in Physics at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Light, Laura. "The Bible in the Latin West.Margaret T. Gibson." Speculum 70, no. 3 (July 1995): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865293.
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Carrière, Jean-Marie. "Comment la Bible parle-t-elle des normes ?" Revue d'éthique et de théologie morale 300, no. 5 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/retm.301.0075.
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Cheolhee, LEE. "T. S. Eliot’s ‘The Hippopotamus’ and the Bible." Journal of the T. S. Eliot Society of Korea 30, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14364/t.s.eliot.2020.30.2.83-105.
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Gunawan, Devi Dwi Purwanto, Herman Budianto, and Indra Maryati. "PENYUSUNAN STRONG’S CONCORDANCE UNTUK ALKITAB PERJANJIAN BARU BAHASA INDONESIA." Jurnal Sistem Informasi 5, no. 2 (July 13, 2012): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v5i2.265.
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Sampai saat ini belum pernah ditemukan Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia secara online yang dilengkapi dengan Strong’s Concordance. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini melakukan penyusunan Strong’s Concordance ke dalam Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia. Penyusunan Strong’s Concordance dilakukan dengan menggunakan pedoman teori yang ada pada Natural Language Processing (NLP) dan teori Web Mining. Penyusunan nomor strong tersebut dimulai dengan melakukan pendekatan nomor strong berdasarkan kemunculan katanya. Kemudian pada tahap selanjutnya digunakan pendekatan alignment antara kata yang ada pada Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia dengan nomor strong yang terdapat pada Alkitab Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan word alignment. Pendekatan ketiga menggunakan pendekatan n-gram dengan perhitungan mutual information untuk mencari arti kata yang terdiri lebih dari satu kata. Pendekatan keempat dilakukan dengan cara melakukan stemming pada corpus Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia yang mana nantinya digunakan sebagai corpus baru untuk melakukan pencarian pada tahap satu sampai dengan tahap tiga. Dilakukan juga pendekatan lain seperti pencarian proper name, pencarian nomor strong yang hanya memiliki satu frekuensi dan pendataan nomor strong yang termasuk dalam conjuction, preposition, dan pronoun. Hasil penelitian adalah adanya Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Indonesia yang dilengkapi dengan nomor strong, pembelajaran Alkitab menjadi lebih mudah. Until now have not found a New Bible Testamen in Bahasa online which is equipped with a Strong's Concordance. Therefore, this study prepare a Strong's Concordance to the New Bible Testament Indonesian. Preparation of Strong's Concordance is done using the existing guidelines on the theory of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the theory of Web Mining. The preparation of these strong numbers begins with based on the word strong numbers aproach. Then on the next phase alignment approach between existing words in the Bible Bahasa with strong numbers contained in the English Bible using the word alignment. The third approach uses n-gram approach with the calculation of mutual information to find the meaning of words consisting in more than one word. The fourth approach is performed by stemming the New Bible Testament corpus Bahasa which will be used as a new corpus to perform a search in stage one up to stage three. There is also another approach such as the proper name search, the search for strong numbers that have only one frequency, and data collection that included strong numbers in conjuction, preposition, and pronoun. The result is the New Bible Testament Bahasa which comes with a number of strong more easier to learn.
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Offield, M. F., T. L. Jetton, P. A. Labosky, M. Ray, R. W. Stein, M. A. Magnuson, B. L. Hogan, and C. V. Wright. "PDX-1 is required for pancreatic outgrowth and differentiation of the rostral duodenum." Development 122, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.3.983.
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It has been proposed that the Xenopus homeobox gene, XlHbox8, is involved in endodermal differentiation during pancreatic and duodenal development (Wright, C.V.E., Schnegelsberg, P. and De Robertis, E.M. (1988). Development 105, 787–794). To test this hypothesis directly, gene targeting was used to make two different null mutations in the mouse XlHbox8 homolog, pdx-1. In the first, the second pdx-1 exon, including the homeobox, was replaced by a neomycin resistance cassette. In the second, a lacZ reporter was fused in-frame with the N terminus of PDX-1, replacing most of the homeodomain. Neonatal pdx-1 −/− mice are apancreatic, in confirmation of previous reports (Jonsson, J., Carlsson, L., Edlund, T. and Edlund, H. (1994). Nature 371, 606–609). However, the pancreatic buds do form in homozygous mutants, and the dorsal bud undergoes limited proliferation and outgrowth to form a small, irregularly branched, ductular tree. This outgrowth does not contain insulin or amylase-positive cells, but glucagon-expressing cells are found. The rostral duodenum shows a local absence of the normal columnar epithelial lining, villi, and Brunner's glands, which are replaced by a GLUT2-positive cuboidal epithelium resembling the bile duct lining. Just distal of the abnormal epithelium, the numbers of enteroendocrine cells in the villi are greatly reduced. The PDX-1/beta-galactosidase fusion allele is expressed in pancreatic and duodenal cells in the absence of functional PDX-1, with expression continuing into perinatal stages with similar boundaries and expression levels. These results offer additional insight into the role of pdx-1 in the determination and differentiation of the posterior foregut, particularly regarding the proliferation and differentiation of the pancreatic progenitors.
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Barré, Michael L. "The Portrait of Balaam in Numbers 22–24." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 51, no. 3 (July 1997): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096439605100304.
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Balaam is not presented favorably in most biblical texts that allude to him. One notable exception is the Balaam story (Numbers 22–24) and—outside the Bible—a recently discovered Aramaic inscription. The author of Numbers goes so far as to portray this non-Israelite not only as a believer, but even as a prophet of Yahweh.
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Wayman, Benjamin D. "Ordaining WomenandThe Woman’s Bible: Reading the Bible with B. T. Roberts and Elizabeth Cady Stanton." Women's Studies 43, no. 5 (July 2014): 541–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2014.914391.
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Maimonis, Peter J., Yoh Zen, David J. Britton, Andrew Brand, Malcolm Ward, Ian Pike, and Alberto Quaglia. "Identification of new liver tumor biomarkers using proteomics." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e21091-e21091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21091.
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e21091 Background: It is crucial to identify new biomarkers that help diagnose cancers at an early stage and contribute to the development of new anti-cancer drugs. Here, we identify new liver tumor biomarkers using proteomics. Methods: We evaluated 9 types of liver tissue from 55 patients: normal liver parenchyma (n=7), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=7), normal bile duct (n=6), peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (n=7), hilar CC (n=7), CC associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n=7), metastatic colorectal cancer (n=7), and mixed HCC/CC after trans-arterial chemoembolization (n=7; areas of HCC and areas of CC separately examined). Protein extracted from microdissected, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (0.15 mm3 in total) was reduced, alkylated and digested with trypsin in a stacking gel. Peptides were analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry. The raw data were searched using Mascot. Normalized spectral counts for each protein among each tissue type were compared. For each comparison, an unrelated t-test was computed to obtain the p value. q values (adjusted p values) were computed using a direct False Discovery Rate approach (q < 0.05 considered statistically significant). Results: The mean number of proteins identified per sample was 762 +/- 119 S.D, resulting in a total of 2643 proteins identified. Numbers of proteins with significantly different expression levels among different tissue types are shown below. Some of these proteins are being reported here for the first time in the context of liver carcinogenesis. Conclusions: This study revealed proteins that are significantly over/underexpressed in particular types of liver tumors. Clinically useful new biomarkers may be present among these proteins and are now undergoing validation using immunohistochemisty. [Table: see text]
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GILMONT, J. Fr. "La Bible a-t-elle été un best-seller?" Revue Théologique de Louvain 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/rtl.35.1.2017459.
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Frutiger, Simone. "Y a-t-il plusieurs lectures de la Bible ?" Autres Temps. Les cahiers du christianisme social 7, no. 1 (1985): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/chris.1985.1027.
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PEJKOVIC, TOMISLAV. "On $p$-adic $T$-numbers." Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen 82, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2013): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5486/pmd.2013.5279.
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Gorsky, Eugene, Graham Hawkes, Anne Schilling, and Julianne Rainbolt. "Generalized $q,t$-Catalan numbers." Algebraic Combinatorics 3, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 855–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/alco.120.
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Deacy, Chris. "Richard Walsh (ed.), T&T Clark Companion to the Bible and Film." Theology 122, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x18817441e.
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Trojovský, Pavel. "Algebraic Numbers as Product of Powers of Transcendental Numbers." Symmetry 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11070887.
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The elementary symmetric functions play a crucial role in the study of zeros of non-zero polynomials in C [ x ] , and the problem of finding zeros in Q [ x ] leads to the definition of algebraic and transcendental numbers. Recently, Marques studied the set of algebraic numbers in the form P ( T ) Q ( T ) . In this paper, we generalize this result by showing the existence of algebraic numbers which can be written in the form P 1 ( T ) Q 1 ( T ) ⋯ P n ( T ) Q n ( T ) for some transcendental number T, where P 1 , … , P n , Q 1 , … , Q n are prescribed, non-constant polynomials in Q [ x ] (under weak conditions). More generally, our result generalizes results on the arithmetic nature of z w when z and w are transcendental.
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Munemasa, Akihiro, and Masashi Shinohara. "Complementary Ramsey Numbers." Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society 25, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.25.2.827.146-153.
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In this paper, we consider a variant of Ramsey numbers which we call complementary Ramsey numbers $\bR(m,t,s)$. We first establish their connections to pairs of Ramsey $(s,t)$-graphs. Using the classification of Ramsey $(s,t)$-graphs for small $s,t$, we determine the complementary Ramsey numbers $\bR(m,t,s)$ for $(s,t)=(4,4)$ and $(3,6)$.
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LOH, PO-SHEN, and BENNY SUDAKOV. "Constrained Ramsey Numbers." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 18, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548307008875.
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For two graphs S and T, the constrained Ramsey number f(S, T) is the minimum n such that every edge colouring of the complete graph on n vertices (with any number of colours) has a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to S or a rainbow subgraph isomorphic to T. Here, a subgraph is said to be rainbow if all of its edges have different colours. It is an immediate consequence of the Erdős–Rado Canonical Ramsey Theorem that f(S, T) exists if and only if S is a star or T is acyclic. Much work has been done to determine the rate of growth of f(S, T) for various types of parameters. When S and T are both trees having s and t edges respectively, Jamison, Jiang and Ling showed that f(S, T) ≤ O(st2) and conjectured that it is always at most O(st). They also mentioned that one of the most interesting open special cases is when T is a path. In this paper, we study this case and show that f(S, Pt) = O(st log t), which differs only by a logarithmic factor from the conjecture. This substantially improves the previous bounds for most values of s and t.
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Novenson, Matthew V. "The Pauline Epistles in Tertullian's Bible." Scottish Journal of Theology 68, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930615000253.
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The question of the fate of Paulinism in late antiquity, a point of controversy in early Christian studies especially since Adolf von Harnack, has benefited from fresh attention in recent research, even as, simultaneously, there is ever less agreement among New Testament scholars on the question of what Paulinism actually is. This state of affairs comes sharply into focus in Todd Still and David Wilhite's edited volume Tertullian and Paul, the first in a new series from T&T Clark on the reception of Paul in the church fathers. Reading and assessing Tertullian and Paul is a sometimes dizzying experience of intertextuality. The reader encounters, for example, Margaret MacDonald reading Elizabeth Clark reading Tertullian reading Paul. What is more, Paul himself is reading, for example, Second Isaiah, who is reading First Isaiah, who is reading parts of the Pentateuch, and so on. One thinks of Derrida's notion of différance, in which any given text refers to other texts, which refer to still other texts, which refer to still other texts, and so on, ad infinitum.
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Kim-Cragg, David. "Introducing the Women’s Hebrew Bible : Susanne Scholz New York: T&T Clark, 2007." Canon&Culture 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2008): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31280/cc.2008.04.2.1.309.
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Grafius, Brandon R. "T&T Clark Companion to the Bible and Film ed. by Richard Walsh." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 81, no. 3 (2019): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cbq.2019.0179.
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SUN, ZHI-HONG. "RAMSEY NUMBERS FOR TREES." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 86, no. 1 (February 7, 2012): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972711003388.
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AbstractForn≥5, letT′ndenote the unique tree onnvertices with Δ(T′n)=n−2, and letT*n=(V,E) be the tree onnvertices withV={v0,v1,…,vn−1} andE={v0v1,…,v0vn−3,vn−3vn−2,vn−2vn−1}. In this paper, we evaluate the Ramsey numbersr(Gm,T′n) andr(Gm,T*n) , whereGmis a connected graph of orderm. As examples, forn≥8 we haver(T′n,T*n)=r(T*n,T*n)=2n−5 , forn>m≥7 we haver(K1,m−1,T*n)=m+n−3 orm+n−4 according to whetherm−1∣n−3 orm−1∤n−3 , and form≥7 andn≥(m−3)2+2 we haver(T*m,T*n)=m+n−3 orm+n−4 according to whetherm−1∣n−3 orm−1∤n−3 .
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Driver, Daniel R. "Genesis by the Numbers: A Reassessment of the Years of the Patriarchs, Beginning with the Joseph Story." Journal of the Bible and its Reception 6, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbr-2019-1003.
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AbstractDo the numbers of years in Genesis add up? Biblical scholars have learned to attend to the art of biblical narrative. Is there also an art of biblical numbers? If so, could its rediscovery lead to a better understanding of the contours of the biblical text, and its complex meanings, as well as its reception history prior to the Enlightenment? This article’s provisional answer to these questions is yes. It looks at two key numbers associated with the Joseph Story: a span of twenty-two years, which a variety of readers calculate as the time that Joseph lived away from his family in Egypt; and a double span of seventeen years, which the Bible suggests is the length of time that Joseph lived under his father’s protection in Canaan, and that Jacob in turn lived under his son’s care in Egypt. The study finds that, since Spinoza, modern assessments of these numbers have been constrained by a strongly linear view of time, as may be seen in the work of Robert Alter, among many others. It criticizes linear time as reductive insofar as it flattens the numbers of Genesis into chronologies and timelines. It also draws attention to an aspect of figural time, which it describes as symmetrically folded time, to help characterize the non-linear, isotropic way that numbers seem to behave in the Bible and in the Bible’s pre-modern reception. The findings about figural time in the Joseph Story raise significant questions about the compatibility of narrative, literary-critical, and theological approaches to the time-denominated numbers of Genesis.
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Akiyama, Kengo. "Book review: A Commentary Not By the Numbers: David L. Stubbs, Numbers – Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible." Expository Times 124, no. 9 (May 15, 2013): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014524613481180r.
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Pakapongpun, Apisit. "Remark on sk, t-Jacobsthal numbers." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 25, no. 2 (July 2019): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2019.25.2.36-39.
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Zhang, Ruiting, Yingying Yu, and Huiqing Liu. "Burning Numbers of t-unicyclic Graphs." Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society 45, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40840-021-01194-9.
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Zhang, Ruiting, Yingying Yu, and Huiqing Liu. "Burning Numbers of t-unicyclic Graphs." Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society 45, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40840-021-01194-9.
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Baddai, Saad abood. "A Generalization of t-Practical Numbers." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.4.1250.
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This paper generalizes and improves the results of Margenstren, by proving that the number of -practical numbers which is defined by has a lower bound in terms of . This bound is more sharper than Mangenstern bound when Further general results are given for the existence of -practical numbers, by proving that the interval contains a -practical for all
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Pott, Alexander, and Mohan Shrikhande. "t-Designs with few intersection numbers." Discrete Mathematics 90, no. 2 (July 1991): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(91)90359-a.
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Krueger, Andreas, Natalia Ziętara, and Marcin Łyszkiewicz. "T Cell Development by the Numbers." Trends in Immunology 38, no. 2 (February 2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2016.10.007.
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Kravetsky, Alexander G. "Sociolinguistic Aspects of the First Translations of the Bible into the Russian Language." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.11.
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The first translations of the New Testament into the Russian language, which were carried out at the beginning of the 19th century, are usually regarded as a missionary project. But the language of these translations may prove that they were addressed to a rather narrow audience. As is known, the Russian Bible Society established in 1812 began its activities not with translations into Russian but with the mass edition of the Church Slavonic text of the Bible. In other words, it was the Church Slavonic Bible that was initially taken as the “Russian” Bible. Such a perception correlated with the sociolinguistic situation of that period, when, among the literate country and town dwellers, people learned grammar according to practices dating back to Medieval Rus’, which meant learning by heart the Church Slavonic alphabet, the Book of Hours, and the Book of Psalms; these readers were in the majority, and they could understand the Church Slavonic Bible much better than they could a Russian-language version. That is why the main audience for the “Russian” Bible was the educated classes who read the Bible in European languages, not in Russian. The numbers of targeted readers for the Russian-language translation of the Bible were significantly lower than those for the Church Slavonic version. The ideas of the “language innovators” (who favored using Russian as a basis for a new national language) thus appeared to be closer to the approach taken by the Bible translators than the ideas of “the upholders of the archaic tradition” (who favored using the vocabulary and forms of Church Slavonic as their basis). The language into which the New Testament was translated moved ahead of the literary standard of that period, and that was one of the reasons why the work on the translation of the Bible into the Russian language was halted.