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Journal articles on the topic 'Bile Acids - Synthesis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Rudling, Mats, and Ylva Bonde. "Stimulation of Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter Expands the Bile Acid Pool and Generates Bile Acids with Positive Feedback Properties." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 3 (2015): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371690.

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Background: Bile acid synthesis has been considered a prototype for how a physiological process is controlled by end product feedback inhibition. By this feedback inhibition, bile acid concentrations are kept within safe ranges. However, careful examination of published rodent data strongly suggests that bile acid synthesis is also under potent positive feedback control by hydrophilic bile acids. Key Messages: Current concepts on the regulation of bile acid synthesis are derived from mouse models. Recent data have shown that mice have farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonistic bile acids capable

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2

Obuz, Ufuk Bozkurt, and Incilay Lay. "Pathways and Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Synthesis." Acta Medica 50, no. 4 (2019): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2019.actamedica.404.

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Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol through 17 different enzymes located in different intracellular compartments of hepatocytes. Defects have been identified in the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the bile acid synthesis pathways and nine different diseases have been identified so far. In this review, four different biosynthetic pathway of bile acids together with disorders of bile acid synthesis is described. In inborn errors of bile acid synthesis clinical findings can range from liver failure to cirrhosis in infancy or progressive neuropathy in adolescence / adulthood. Labora

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3

Chiang, John Y. L. "Bile acids: regulation of synthesis." Journal of Lipid Research 50, no. 10 (2009): 1955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.r900010-jlr200.

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4

Stellaard, Frans, and Dieter Lütjohann. "Dynamics of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in healthy humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 321, no. 1 (2021): G55—G66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00476.2020.

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Regulation of bile acid metabolism is normally discussed as the regulation of bile acid synthesis, which serves to compensate for intestinal loss in order to maintain a constant pool size. After a meal, bile acids start cycling in the enterohepatic circulation. Farnesoid X receptor-dependent ileal and hepatic processes lead to negative feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis. When the intestinal bile acid flux decreases, the inhibition of synthesis is released. The degree of inhibition of synthesis and the mechanism and degree of activation are still unknown. Moreover, in humans, a biphasic

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5

Princen, H. M., P. Meijer, B. G. Wolthers, R. J. Vonk, and F. Kuipers. "Cyclosporin A blocks bile acid synthesis in cultured hepatocytes by specific inhibition of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis." Biochemical Journal 275, no. 2 (1991): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2750501.

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Bile acid synthesis, determined by conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol into bile acids in rat and human hepatocytes and by measurement of mass production of bile acids in rat hepatocytes, was dose-dependently decreased by cyclosporin A, with 52% (rat) and 45% (human) inhibition of 10 microM. The decreased bile acid production in rat hepatocytes was due only to a fall in the synthesis of beta-muricholic and chenodeoxycholic acids (-64% at 10 microM-cyclosporin A), with no change in the formation of cholic acid. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol was potently inhibi

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6

Miyaki, Akira, Peiying Yang, Hsin-Hsiung Tai, Kotha Subbaramaiah, and Andrew J. Dannenberg. "Bile acids inhibit NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase transcription in colonocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 3 (2009): G559—G566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00133.2009.

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Multiple lines of evidence have suggested a role for both bile acids and prostaglandins (PG) in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Levels of PGE2 are determined by both synthesis and catabolism. Previously, bile acid-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was found to stimulate PGE2 synthesis. NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the key enzyme responsible for the catabolism of PGE2, has been linked to colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we determined whether bile acids altered the expression of 15-PGDH in human colon cancer cell lines. Treatment with unc

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7

Li, Tiangang, and John Y. L. Chiang. "Regulation of Bile Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism by PPARs." PPAR Research 2009 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/501739.

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Bile acids are amphipathic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Bile acid synthesis is a major pathway for hepatic cholesterol catabolism. Bile acid synthesis generates bile flow which is important for biliary secretion of free cholesterol, endogenous metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile acids are biological detergents that facilitate intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Recent studies suggest that bile acids are important metabolic regulators of lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis. Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ, PPA

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8

Matsuzaki, Y., B. Bouscarel, M. Le, et al. "Effect of cholestasis on regulation of cAMP synthesis by glucagon and bile acids in isolated hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 273, no. 1 (1997): G164—G174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.1.g164.

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Previously, we have reported that bile acids can directly inhibit hormone-induced adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation through a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism [Bouscarel, B., T.W. Gettys, H. Fromm, and H. Dubner. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 31): G300-G310, 1995]. Therefore, the regulation of cAMP synthesis by glucagon and bile acids was investigated in hepatocytes isolated after 2-day ligation of the common bile duct in Golden Syrian hamsters. The bile acid concentration was increased 30-fold in the serum, whereas it was not significantly dif

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9

IIDA, Takashi, Toshiaki MOMOSE, Frederic C. CHANG, Junichi GOTO, and Tosio NAMBARA. "Potential bile acid metabolites. XV. Synthesis of 4.BETA.-hydroxylated bile acids; unique bile acids in human fetal bile." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 37, no. 12 (1989): 3323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.3323.

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10

Yao, Lihang, Paul A. Dawson, and Laura A. Woollett. "Increases in biliary cholesterol-to-bile acid ratio in pregnant hamsters fed low and high levels of cholesterol." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): G263—G268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00332.2002.

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Gallstones develop when the secretion of cholesterol is elevated compared with the secretion of bile acids into bile. One of the risk factors for the formation of gallstones is pregnancy. Because the pregnancy-induced increase in hepatic cholesterol synthesis rates could play a critical role in the development of cholesterol stones, the aim of the present study was to determine whether stone formation, as assessed by the ratio of cholesterol to bile acids in bile, could be ablated by blocking the pregnancy-induced increase in hepatic sterol synthesis rates. Golden Syrian hamsters were fed eith

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11

Hagi, Tatsuro, Sharon Y. Geerlings, Bart Nijsse, and Clara Belzer. "The effect of bile acids on the growth and global gene expression profiles in Akkermansia muciniphila." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 24 (2020): 10641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10976-3.

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Abstract Akkermansia muciniphila is a prominent member of the gut microbiota and the organism gets exposed to bile acids within this niche. Several gut bacteria have bile response genes to metabolize bile acids or an ability to change their membrane structure to prevent membrane damage from bile acids. To understand the response to bile acids and how A. muciniphila can persist in the gut, we studied the effect of bile acids and individual bile salts on growth. In addition, the change in gene expression under ox-bile condition was studied. The growth of A. muciniphila was inhibited by ox-bile a

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12

Chiang, John Y. L., and Jessica M. Ferrell. "Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 318, no. 3 (2020): G554—G573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00223.2019.

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Bile acid synthesis is the most significant pathway for catabolism of cholesterol and for maintenance of whole body cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids are physiological detergents that absorb, distribute, metabolize, and excrete nutrients, drugs, and xenobiotics. Bile acids also are signal molecules and metabolic integrators that activate nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5; i.e., G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1) to regulate glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. The gut-to-liver axis plays a critical role in the transformation of p

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13

Shulpekova, Yulia, Elena Shirokova, Maria Zharkova, et al. "A Recent Ten-Year Perspective: Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling." Molecules 27, no. 6 (2022): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061983.

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Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids act as sensors of intestinal contents, which are determined by the change in the spectrum of bile acids during microbial transformation, as well as by gradual intestinal absorption. Entering the liver through the portal vein, bile acids regulate the activity of nuclear receptors, modify metabolic processes and the rate of formation of new bile acids from cholesterol, and also, in all likelihood, can significantly affect the detoxification of x

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14

Fuchs, Michael. "III. Regulation of bile acid synthesis: past progress and future challenges." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 284, no. 4 (2003): G551—G557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00468.2002.

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Bile acids, amphipathic detergent-like molecules synthesized from cholesterol, are highly conserved by means of enterohepatic circulation. They participate in the generation of bile flow and biliary lipid secretion and also promote absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and lipids. Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids represents a quantitatively important route to eliminate cholesterol from the body. Regulation of bile acid synthesis involves a complex and interrelated group of transcription regulators that link bile acid synthesis to cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Targeting key steps o

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15

Hall, Roberta, Engeline Kok, and Norman B. Javitt. "Bile acid synthesis: down‐regulation by monohydroxy bile acids 1." FASEB Journal 2, no. 2 (1988): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2.2.3342968.

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16

Princen, H. M., P. Meijer та B. Hofstee. "Dexamethasone regulates bile acid synthesis in monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes by induction of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase". Biochemical Journal 262, № 1 (1989): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2620341.

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To study the effect of steroid hormones on bile acid synthesis by cultured rat hepatocytes, cells were incubated with various amounts of these compounds during 72 h and conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol into bile acids was measured. Bile acid synthesis was stimulated in a dose-dependent way by glucocorticoids, but not by sex steroid hormones, pregnenolone or the mineralocorticoid aldosterone in concentrations up to 10 microM. Dexamethasone proved to be the most efficacious inducer, giving 3-fold and 7-fold increases in bile acid synthesis during the second and third 24 h incubation periods resp

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17

Panek-Jeziorna, Magdalena, and Agata Mulak. "The role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of bowel diseases." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71, no. 1 (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3852.

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Bile acids not only play a cardinal role in the digestion and absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins, but also significantly affect gastrointestinal motor, sensory and secretory functions, intestinal barrier permeability and the regulation of the inflammatory response. The results of recent studies have revealed complex interactions between bile acids and the gut microbiota. In addition, bile acids also play a role of signaling molecules regulating the activity of lipid and glucose metabolic pathways, as well as a role of ligands for transcription factors. Genetic factors associated with t

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18

Bouscarel, B., T. W. Gettys, H. Fromm, and H. Dubner. "Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits glucagon-induced cAMP formation in hamster hepatocytes: a role for PKC." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 268, no. 2 (1995): G300—G310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.2.g300.

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The effect of bile acids on adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis was investigated in isolated hamster hepatocytes. Bile acids had no direct effect on cAMP production. However, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibited, by approximately 45%, cAMP formation induced by concentrations of glucagon greater than 1 nM, with a respective half-maximum inhibitory effect observed at 4 +/- 2 microM. Similar inhibition was observed with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Chenodeoxycholic, murocholic, and taurodeoxycholic acids were the next most potent bile aci

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19

Kliewer, Steven A., and David J. Mangelsdorf. "Bile Acids as Hormones: The FXR-FGF15/19 Pathway." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 3 (2015): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371670.

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While it has long been recognized that bile acids are essential for solubilizing lipophilic nutrients in the small intestine, the discovery in 1999 that bile acids serve as ligands for the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) opened the floodgates in terms of characterizing their actions as selective signaling molecules. Bile acids act on FXR in ileal enterocytes to induce the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15/19, an atypical FGF that functions as a hormone. FGF15/19 subsequently acts on a cell surface receptor complex in hepatocytes to repress bile acid synthesis and gluco

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20

Zhang, Wujuan, Pinky Jha, Brian Wolfe та ін. "Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Atypical 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-Bile Acids in Patients with 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-C27-Steroid Oxidoreductase Deficiency: Application to Diagnosis and Monitoring of Bile Acid Therapeutic Response". Clinical Chemistry 61, № 7 (2015): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.238238.

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AbstractBACKGROUND3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase (HSD3B7) deficiency, a progressive cholestatic liver disease, is the most common genetic defect in bile acid synthesis. Early diagnosis is important because patients respond to oral primary bile acid therapy, which targets the negative feedback regulation for bile acid synthesis to reduce the production of hepatotoxic 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acids. These atypical bile acids are highly labile and difficult to accurately measure, yet a method for accurate determination of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acid sulfates is critical for dose titration and mon

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21

Kenji, Kihira, Mikami Takahiro, Ikawa Seiichiro, et al. "Synthesis of sulfonate analogs of bile acids." Steroids 57, no. 4 (1992): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-128x(92)90008-w.

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22

IIDA, T., T. NAMBARA, and F. C. CHANG. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Uncommon Bile Acids." ChemInform 27, no. 38 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199638282.

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23

Wu, Di, Mingjuan Gu, Zhuying Wei, et al. "Myostatin Knockout Regulates Bile Acid Metabolism by Promoting Bile Acid Synthesis in Cattle." Animals 12, no. 2 (2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12020205.

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Myostatin (MSTN) is a major negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and causes a variety of metabolic changes. However, the effect of MSTN knockout on bile acid metabolism has rarely been reported. In this study, the physiological and biochemical alterations of serum in MSTN+/− and wild type (WT) cattle were investigated. There were no significant changes in liver and kidney biochemical indexes. However, compared with the WT cattle, lactate dehydrogenase, total bile acid (TBA), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the MSTN+/− cattle were significantly increased, and glucose, l

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24

Shulpekova, Yu O., P. E. Tkachenko, E. N. Shirokova, and I. V. Damulin. "Bile Acids and Their Value for Central Nervous System." Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 31, no. 5 (2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-5-7-15.

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Aim. A review to highlight the bile acids importance as steroid mediators of nervous system activity and show the nervous system involvement in cholesterol metabolism and bile acids production.Key points. Presence of bile acid membrane and nuclear receptors and their activation role in mediating manifold metabolic processes have been established in various organs and tissues. Bile acid transporters are discovered in CNS. The animal brain under physiological conditions was found to contain about 20 bile acid types of likely innate origin suggested by their high contents; the bile acids spectrum

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Hillman, Evette B. M., Sjoerd Rijpkema, Danielle Carson, Ramesh P. Arasaradnam, Elizabeth M. H. Wellington, and Gregory C. A. Amos. "Manipulating the Microbiome: An Alternative Treatment for Bile Acid Diarrhoea." Microbiology Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12020023.

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Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a widespread gastrointestinal disease that is often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome and is estimated to affect 1% of the United Kingdom (UK) population alone. BAD is associated with excessive bile acid synthesis secondary to a gastrointestinal or idiopathic disorder (also known as primary BAD). Current licensed treatment in the UK has undesirable effects and has been the same since BAD was first discovered in the 1960s. Bacteria are essential in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. The profile of an individual’s bile acid pool is cent

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Takashi Iida, Ichiro Komatsubara, Frederic C. Chang, Junichi Goto та Toshio Nambara. "Potential bile acid metabolites. 17. Synthesis of 2β-hydroxylated bile acids". Steroids 56, № 3 (1991): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-128x(91)90060-9.

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27

TOHMA, MASAHIKO, REIJIRO MAHARA, HIROMI TAKESHITA, TAKAO KUROSAWA, and SHIGEO IKEGAWA. "Synthesis of the 1.BETA.-hydroxylated bile acids, unusual bile acids in human biological fluids." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 34, no. 7 (1986): 2890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.34.2890.

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28

Iqbal, Mohammed N., and William H. Elliott. "Bile acids. LXXIX. synthesis and reduction of 1,4-dien-3-ones of various bile acids." Steroids 53, no. 3-5 (1989): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-128x(89)90022-6.

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29

Twisk, J., E. C. M. de Wit, and H. M. G. Princen. "Suppression of sterol 27-hydroxylase mRNA and transcriptional activity by bile acids in cultured rat hepatocytes." Biochemical Journal 305, no. 2 (1995): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050505.

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In previous work we have demonstrated suppression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by bile acids at the level of mRNA and transcription, resulting in a similar decline in bile acid synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes [Twisk, Lehmann and Princen (1993) Biochem. J. 290, 685-691]. In view of the substantial contribution of the ‘alternative’ or ‘27-hydroxylase’ route to total bile acid synthesis, as demonstrated in cultured rat hepatocytes and in vivo in humans, we here evaluate the effects of various bile acids commonly found in bile of rats on the regulation of sterol 27-hydroxylase in cultu

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Landaeta Aponte, Roselis A., Andreas Luxenburger, Scott A. Cameron, et al. "Synthesis of Novel C/D Ring Modified Bile Acids." Molecules 27, no. 7 (2022): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072364.

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Bile acid receptors have been identified as important targets for the development of new therapeutics to treat various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The synthesis of new bile acid analogues can help elucidate structure–activity relationships and define compounds that activate these receptors selectively. Towards this, access to large quantities of a chenodeoxycholic acid derivative bearing a C-12 methyl and a C-13 to C-14 double bond provided an interesting scaffold to investigate the chemical manipulation of the C/D ring junction in bile acids. The reactivity of this alkene substrate w

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31

Dawson, Paul A. "Roles of Ileal ASBT and OSTα-OSTβ in Regulating Bile Acid Signaling". Digestive Diseases 35, № 3 (2017): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000450987.

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Background: In addition to their classical role as detergents, bile acids function as signaling molecules to regulate gastrointestinal physiology, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and energy expenditure. The pharmacodynamic potential of bile acids is dependent in part on the tight pharmacokinetic control of their concentration and metabolism, properties governed by their hepatic synthesis, enterohepatic cycling, and biotransformation via host and gut microbiota-catalyzed pathways. Key Messages: By altering the normal cycling and compartmentalization of bile acids, changes in hepatobiliary or

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32

Semova, Ivana, Amy E. Levenson, Joanna Krawczyk та ін. "Insulin Prevents Hypercholesterolemia by Suppressing 12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids". Circulation 145, № 13 (2022): 969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.045373.

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Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes remains extremely high, despite marked advances in blood glucose control and even the widespread use of cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Thus, a deeper understanding of insulin regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and its disruption in type 1 diabetes, could reveal better treatment strategies. Methods: To define the mechanisms by which insulin controls plasma cholesterol levels, we knocked down the insulin receptor, FoxO1, and the key bile acid synthesis enzyme, CYP8B1. We measured bile acid composition, cholesterol absorption

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Grbović, Ljubica M., Ksenija J. Pavlović, Suzana S. Jovanović-Šanta, and Bojana R. Vasiljević. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bile Acids Derivatives: An Overview." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 3 (2019): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190213114104.

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: The first attempts at microwave-assisted (MW) syntheses of bile acid derivatives were performed in domestic MW appliances. However, the reproducibility of these syntheses, which were performed in uncontrolled conditions, was very low. In the first part of this overview, compounds synthesized under such conditions are presented. Consequently, with the development of MW technology, MW-assisted reactions in MW reactors became reproducible. Thus, in the second part of this review, syntheses of bile acidsbased compounds in MW reactors are presented. Among others, publications dealing with the fol

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Hillebrant, C. G., B. Nyberg, K. Einarsson, and M. Eriksson. "The effect of plasma low density lipoprotein apheresis on the hepatic secretion of biliary lipids in humans." Gut 41, no. 5 (1997): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.41.5.700.

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Background—The liver is a key organ in the metabolism of cholesterol in humans. It is the only organ by which substantial amounts of cholesterol are excreted from the body, either directly as free cholesterol into the bile or after conversion to bile acids. The major part of cholesterol synthesis in the body occurs in the liver. Cholesterol is also taken up by the liver from plasma lipoproteins. The relative contributions of newly synthesised cholesterol and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol to bile acid synthesis and biliary cholesterol secretion, respectively, are not known in detail.Aims—To de

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Wu, Di, Song Wang, Chao Hai, et al. "The Effect of MSTN Mutation on Bile Acid Metabolism and Lipid Metabolism in Cattle." Metabolites 13, no. 7 (2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070836.

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Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle genesis during development. MSTN mutation leads to increased lean meat production and reduced fat deposition in livestock. However, the mechanism by which MSTN promotes myogenesis by regulating metabolism is not clear. In this study, we compared the metabolomics of the livers of wild-type (WT) and MSTN mutation cattle (MT), and found changes in the content and proportion of fatty acids and bile acids in MT cattle. The differential metabolites were enriched in sterol synthesis and primary bile acid synthesis. We further analyzed the ex

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Chiang, John YL. "Recent advances in understanding bile acid homeostasis." F1000Research 6 (November 20, 2017): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12449.1.

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Bile acids are derived from cholesterol to facilitate intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary secretion of cholesterol. Recent studies have identified bile acids as signaling molecules that activate nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (Gpbar-1, also known as TGR5) to maintain metabolic homeostasis and protect liver and other tissues and cells from bile acid toxicity. Bile acid homeostasis is regulated by a complex mechanism of feedback and feedforward regulation that is not completely understood. This review will cover recent advances in bi

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Khallou, J., M. Riottot, M. Parquet, C. Verneau, and C. Lutton. "Biodynamics of cholesterol and bile acids in the lithiasic hamster." British Journal of Nutrition 66, no. 3 (1991): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910049.

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By using the isotopic equilibrium method in the young male Syrian hamster, the rates of cholesterol turnover processes, i.e. dietary cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol excretion in the faeces and urine and cholesterol transformation into bile acids, were determined in the hamster receiving a control (C) or a lithogenic diet (L) for 7 weeks. At the end of this period the gall bladder of all animals in group L contained cholesterol gallstones. The coefficient of dietary cholesterol absorption was reduced by 26 %, cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol faecal excretion were

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Guo, Xiaohua, Edozie Samuel Okpara, Wanting Hu, et al. "Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (2022): 8343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158343.

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The digestive tract is replete with complex and diverse microbial communities that are important for the regulation of multiple pathophysiological processes in humans and animals, particularly those involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The diversity of bile acids is a result of the joint efforts of host and intestinal microflora. There is a bidirectional relationship between the microbial community of the intestinal tract and bile acids in that, while the microbial flora tightly modulates the metabolism and synthesis of bile acids, t

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Shulpekova, Yulia, Maria Zharkova, Pyotr Tkachenko, et al. "The Role of Bile Acids in the Human Body and in the Development of Diseases." Molecules 27, no. 11 (2022): 3401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113401.

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Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that ensures the outflow of bile. Bile acids include many varieties of amphipathic acid steroids. These are molecules that play a major role in the digestion of fats and the intestinal absorption of hydrophobic compounds and are also involved in the regulation of many functions of the liver, cholangiocytes, and extrahepatic tissues, acting essentially as hormones. The biological effects are realized through variable membr

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Scanff, P., M. Souidi, S. Grison, N. M. Griffiths, and P. Gourmelon. "Alteration of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 2 (2004): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y03-131.

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The aim of this work was to study acute alterations of the enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) of bile acids 3 days after an 8-Gy radiation exposure in vivo in the rat by a washout technique. Using this technique in association with HPLC analysis, the EHR of the major individual bile acids was determined in control and irradiated animals. Ex vivo ileal taurocholate absorption was also studied in Ussing chambers. Major hepatic enzyme activities involved in bile acid synthesis were also measured. Measurements of bile acid intestinal content and intestinal absorption efficiency calculation from was

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Seroka, Barbara, Zenon Łotowski, Agnieszka Hryniewicka, et al. "Synthesis of New Cisplatin Derivatives from Bile Acids." Molecules 25, no. 3 (2020): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030655.

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A series of bile acid derived 1,2- and 1,3-diamines as well as their platinum(II) complexes were designed and synthesized in hope to get a highly cytotoxic compound by the combination of two bioactive moieties. All complexes obtained were subjected to cytotoxicity assays in vitro and some hybrid molecules showed an expected activity.

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Escalona, Alex, Rodrigo Muñoz, Veronica Irribarra, Sandra Solari, Fidel Allende, and Juan Francisco Miquel. "Bile acids synthesis decreases after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy." Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 12, no. 4 (2016): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2015.11.015.

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Kihira, Kenji, та Takahiko Hoshita. "Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated C24 bile acids". Steroids 46, № 2-3 (1985): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-128x(85)90056-x.

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Ugele, B., H. J. M. Kempen, R. Gebhardt, P. Meijer, H. J. Burger та H. M. G. Princen. "Heterogeneity of rat liver parenchyma in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and bile acid synthesis". Biochemical Journal 276, № 1 (1991): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2760073.

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Periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were isolated from rat liver by digitonin/collagenase perfusion for investigating the acinar distribution of bile acid synthesis. The specific activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.17) was 7.9-fold higher in perivenous cells than in periportal hepatocytes. Mass production of bile acids differed 4.4-fold between cultured perivenous and periportal hepatocytes. In contrast, the levels of free cholesterol in homogenates and microsomes derived from both subfractions were similar. Feeding of rats with the bile-acid-sequestering anion-exchange r

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Syring, Kristen E., Travis J. Cyphert, Thomas C. Beck, Charles R. Flynn, Nicholas A. Mignemi, and Owen P. McGuinness. "Systemic bile acids induce insulin resistance in a TGR5-independent manner." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 316, no. 5 (2019): E782—E793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00362.2018.

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Bile acids are involved in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats, as well as acting as signaling molecules. Recently, bile acid signaling through farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) has been reported to elicit changes in not only bile acid synthesis but also metabolic processes, including the alteration of gluconeogenic gene expression and energy expenditure. A role for bile acids in glucose metabolism is also supported by a correlation between changes in the metabolic state of patients (i.e., obesity or postbariatric surgery) and altered serum bile

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Burke, Katie T., Paul S. Horn, Patrick Tso, James E. Heubi, and Laura A. Woollett. "Hepatic bile acid metabolism in the neonatal hamster: expansion of the bile acid pool parallels increased Cyp7a1 expression levels." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 1 (2009): G144—G151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90515.2008.

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Intraluminal concentrations of bile acids are low in newborn infants and increase rapidly after birth, at least partly owing to increased bile acid synthesis rates. The expansion of the bile acid pool is critical since bile acids are required to stimulate bile flow and absorb lipids, a major component of newborn diets. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the mechanism responsible for the increase in bile acid synthesis rates and the subsequent enlargement of bile acid pool sizes (BAPS) during the neonatal period, and how changes in circulating hormone levels might affect BAPS.

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Lyaschenko, T., M. Zavhorodnii, M. Zhydyk, A. Pohrebna, S. Veselskyi, and P. Tsapenko. "Endogenous prostanoids influence on bile secretion in different groups of rats." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 80, no. 1 (2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2020.80.63-68.

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In acute experiments on different age group of 30 white wild-type rats: juvenile (weight 130–175 g), mature (weight 200–250 g) and old (weight 300 g and more) we were investigated the changes in the volume rate of bile secretion with cyclooxygenase inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid (100 mkg/kg weight of animal) which is a blocker of the prostaglandin synthesis enzyme. We explored the changes of the level of choleresis and bile biochemical components by thin-layer chromatography In vivo. The relative abundances of cholecycle, henodeoxycholic, taurocholic and glycocholic bile acids in the liver

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Zhang, Boyan, Folkert Kuipers, Jan Freark de Boer, and Jan Albert Kuivenhoven. "Modulation of Bile Acid Metabolism to Improve Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 1 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010004.

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New drugs targeting bile acid metabolism are currently being evaluated in clinical studies for their potential to treat cholestatic liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Changes in bile acid metabolism, however, translate into an alteration of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, which may also affect cardiovascular outcomes in such patients. This review attempts to gain insight into this matter and improve our understanding of the interactions between bile acid and lipid metabolism. Bile acid sequestrants (BAS), whic

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Gubergrits, N. B., N. V. Byelyayeva, T. L. Mozhyna, G. M. Lukashevich, and P. G. Fomenko. "Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on lipid metabolism: through the prism of evidence from 2019." Herald of Pancreatic Club 46, no. 1 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2020.01.11.

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After the discovery of the method of ursodeoxycholic acid’s (UDCA) synthesis and the publication of evidence confirming its ability to reduce the lithogenic properties of bile, active clinical use of UDCA began in the world. This drug, which has pleiotropic effect (choleretic, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptic, litholytic, hypocholesterolemic), has proven its effectiveness in the treatment various diseases: primary biliary cholangitis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, gallstone disease. Being a tertiary bile acid, UDCA stimulates bile acid synthesis by reducing the circ

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Chen, Xi, Huiqiao Li, Yu’e Liu, et al. "Dimethyl Sulfoxide Inhibits Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Mice but Does Not Protect Mice from Bile-Acid-Induced Liver Damage." Biology 12, no. 8 (2023): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081105.

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Bile acids serve a vital function in lipid digestion and absorption; however, their accumulation can precipitate liver damage. In our study, we probed the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on bile acid synthesis and the ensuing liver damage in mice induced by bile acids. Our findings indicate that DMSO efficaciously curbs bile acid synthesis by inhibiting key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway, both in cultured primary hepatocytes and in vivo. Contrarily, we observed that DMSO treatment did not confer protection against bile-acid-induced liver damage in two distinct mouse models:

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